CN1324781C - Backup power supply system with zero power-off transition time - Google Patents
Backup power supply system with zero power-off transition time Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明是关于一种零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统,其特别关于解决供电来源转换瞬间直流/交流电力转换器(DC/AC Power converter)的输出机械式开关操作所造成的短暂电力中断的问题。The present invention relates to a backup power supply system with zero power-off conversion time, especially to solve the short-term power interruption caused by the output mechanical switching operation of a DC/AC power converter (DC/AC Power converter) at the moment of power source conversion The problem.
背景技术Background technique
如图1所示,为习知零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统(一)电路方块图,其输入端连接一第一交流电源2及一直流电源3,其输出端连接一负载4,该备用电源供电系统10包含一第一开关(S11)101、一第二开关(S12)102及一直流/交流电力转换器104。该直流/交流电力转换器104的功能为转换来自该直流电源3的直流电力,成为第二交流电源105。当该第一交流电源2正常时,该第一开关(S11)101形成闭合(Close),同时该第一开关(S11)101则形成断开(Open)。此时,该负载4的电力由该第一交流电源2直接供给,该直流/交流电力转换器104则操作在无载运转的热待机状态。当该第一交流电源2故障时,该第一开关(S11)101形成断开,同时操作该第二开关(S12)102形成闭合。该第一开关(S11)101与该第二开关(S12)102均为固态开关(Static Switch),如TRIAC或两个SCR反向并接组成,其开关动作仅须数微秒(μs)至数十微秒即可完成,即使敏感设备亦不受微秒级的电力中断影响,因此该备用电源供电系统10可以在完全不断电转换的条件下,将该负载4的供电来源由该第一交流电源2切换至该第二交流电源105。然而,由于固态开关导通时有一较大的压降(通常大于1伏特,而机械开关压降则极低)存在,因此相较于机械式开关,其在该直流/交流电力转换器104供电给负载4时会在负载端产生较差的电压调整率(Poor Voltage Regulation),同时也因为损失较大而会降低整体效率,且需要额外的散热装置。所以该第二开关(S12)102使用固态开关虽可以达到零断电转换时间的功能,但也产生了前述的缺点。As shown in Fig. 1, it is a circuit block diagram of a standby power supply system (1) with known zero power-off conversion time, its input end is connected to a first
如图2所示,为另一习知零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统(二)电路方块图,其输入端连接一第一交流电源2及一直流电源3,其输出端连接一负载4,该备用电源供电系统20包含一第一开关(S21)201、一第二开关(S22)202、一第三开关(S23)203、及一直流/交流电力转换器204。该直流/交流电力转换器204的功能为转换来自该直流电源3的直流电力,成为第二交流电源205。其中该第一开关(S21)201及该第二开关(S22)202为固态开关,而该第三开关(S23)203则为机械式开关,如继电器(Relay)或电磁接触器(Contactor)。当该第一交流电源2正常时,该第一开关(S21)201形成闭合,同时该第二开关(S22)202与该第三开关(S23)203则均形成关断。此时,该负载4的电力由该第一交流电源2直接供给,该直流/交流电力转换器204则操作在无载运转的热待机状态。当该第一交流电源2故障时,该第一开关(S21)201形成关断,同时操作该第二开关(S22)202与该第三开关(S23)203均形成闭合。该第一开关(S21)201与该第二开关(S22)202均为固态开关,其开关动作仅须数微秒(μs)至数十微秒即可完成,即使敏感设备亦不受微秒级的电力中断影响,因此该备用电源供电系统20可以在完全不断电转换的条件下,将该负载4的供电来源由该第一交流电源2切换至该第二交流电源205。而且在数毫秒(ms)至数十毫秒之后,切换速度较慢的第三(机械式)开关(S23)203也已形成闭合状态,因为该第三开关(S23))203的机械接点的导通阻抗远低于该第二开关(S22)202,所以该第三开关(S23)203会完全将该第二开关(S22)202加以旁路(Bypass),如此便能改善前述备用电源供电系统10中使用固态开关所产生的较大导通压降和较多效率损失等问题。但该备用电源供电系统20仍产生了增加使用组件的问题,相对于前述备用电源供电系统10来说,该备用电源供电系统20的成本较高、所需体积较大,甚至也可能因为组件的增加而导致可靠度降低等缺点。As shown in Figure 2, it is another conventional backup power supply system (2) circuit block diagram with zero power-off conversion time, its input terminal is connected to a first
有鉴于此,本发明改良上述缺点,在一零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统内进行控制一直流/交流电力转换器,以使第一交流电源正常时控制该直流/交流电力转换器的输出电流趋近于零,无论第一交流电源正常或故障均维持该直流/交流电力转换器的输出开关闭合,所以在第一交流电源故障瞬间该直流/交流电力转换器已可直接供电给负载,而不会造成输出短暂断电。此外,由于该开关采用机械式开关,所以不具固态开关所产生的较差的电压调整率、额外压降损失及需要散热装置等问题。In view of this, the present invention improves the above-mentioned shortcomings, and controls a DC/AC power converter in a standby power supply system with zero power-off conversion time, so that the first AC power source controls the DC/AC power converter when it is normal. The output current is close to zero, and the output switch of the DC/AC power converter is kept closed no matter whether the first AC power source is normal or faulty, so the DC/AC power converter can directly supply power to the load at the moment of the first AC power source failure , without causing a momentary loss of power to the output. In addition, because the switch adopts a mechanical switch, it does not have problems such as poor voltage regulation rate, additional voltage drop loss and heat dissipation device generated by solid-state switches.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明主要目的是提供一种零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统,其在直流/交流电力转换器与负载之间采用机械式开关,以克服固态开关所产生的前述缺点,同时避免机械式开关操作时须耗时数毫秒至数十毫秒而引发断电的问题。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a backup power supply system with zero power-off switching time, which adopts a mechanical switch between the DC/AC power converter and the load, so as to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages caused by the solid-state switch, while avoiding the mechanical It takes several milliseconds to tens of milliseconds for the switching operation to cause the problem of power failure.
所述零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统包括:The standby power supply system with zero power-off conversion time includes:
一第一开关,为固态开关,其连接在第一交流电源及负载之间;a first switch, which is a solid-state switch, connected between the first AC power source and the load;
一第二开关,为机械式开关,其连接在直流/交流电力转换器与负载之间;及A second switch, which is a mechanical switch, is connected between the DC/AC power converter and the load; and
一直流/交流电力转换器,其直流端为直流电源输入端连接至直流电源,用以将直流电能转换成第二交流电源,而交流端连接至第二开关当第一交流电源正常时,不仅将该第一交流电源与该负载间的固态开关形成闭合,亦使该直流/交流电力转换器与负载间的机械式开关维持在闭合状态,同时控制该直流/交流电力转换器的输出电流使其趋近于零,如此便不会于该第一交流电源与该直流/交流电力转换器间产生环流;A DC/AC power converter, the DC terminal of which is connected to the DC power supply at the input terminal for converting DC power into a second AC power supply, and the AC terminal is connected to the second switch. When the first AC power supply is normal, not only Closing the solid-state switch between the first AC power source and the load also keeps the mechanical switch between the DC/AC power converter and the load in a closed state, while controlling the output current of the DC/AC power converter so that It tends to zero so that no circulating current will be generated between the first AC power source and the DC/AC power converter;
当该第一交流电源故障时,该直流/交流电力转换器可立刻建立一正弦波电压,并供给负载所需电力。因此该直流/交流电力转换器与负载间的机械式开关一直维持闭合而不需切换,因此可以达到零断电转换时间的功能。该机械式开关只有在该直流/交流电力转换器故障或停止运转时才断开,而切离该直流/交流电力转换器。When the first AC power source fails, the DC/AC power converter can immediately establish a sine wave voltage and supply the required power to the load. Therefore, the mechanical switch between the DC/AC power converter and the load is always closed without switching, so the function of zero power-off switching time can be achieved. The mechanical switch is disconnected only when the DC/AC power converter fails or stops running, and is disconnected from the DC/AC power converter.
所述的直流/交流电力转换器可操作在电流控制模式,藉由反馈该直流/交流电力转换器的输出电流,将该反馈输出电流与一参考电流信号作闭环控制,以使该直流/交流电力转换器的输出电流能趋近于该参考电流信号。The DC/AC power converter can be operated in a current control mode, by feeding back the output current of the DC/AC power converter, the feedback output current and a reference current signal are closed-loop controlled, so that the DC/AC The output current of the power converter can approach the reference current signal.
所述的该参考电流信号由一参考电流信号产生电路产生,且在该参考电流信号产生电路输出端与接地电平间以一开关连接;当第一交流电源正常时该开关形成闭合,强迫参考电流信号产生电路输出信号成为接地电平,以使该参考电流信号为零,经由闭环的电流控制方式可以驱使该直流/交流电力转换器输出电流趋近于零;当第一交流电源故障时该开关形成关断,该参考电流信号产生电路可以输出一非零电平的参考电流信号,经由闭环的电流控制方式可以驱使该直流/交流电力转换器输出负载所需的电流,并在该直流/交流电力转换器输出端建立一正弦波电压。The reference current signal is generated by a reference current signal generating circuit, and a switch is connected between the output terminal of the reference current signal generating circuit and the ground level; when the first AC power supply is normal, the switch is closed, forcing the reference The output signal of the current signal generating circuit becomes ground level, so that the reference current signal is zero, and the output current of the DC/AC power converter can be driven to approach zero through the closed-loop current control mode; when the first AC power supply fails, the The switch is turned off, the reference current signal generating circuit can output a non-zero level reference current signal, and the closed-loop current control method can drive the DC/AC power converter to output the current required by the load, and the DC/AC A sine wave voltage is established at the output terminal of the AC power converter.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为习用零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统(一)的电路方块示意图;Fig. 1 is the circuit block schematic diagram of the conventional backup power supply system (1) with zero power-off switching time;
图2为习用零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统(二)的电路方块示意图;Fig. 2 is the circuit block schematic diagram of the backup power supply system (2) of conventional zero power-off switching time;
图3为本发明较佳实施例零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统的电路方块示意图;Fig. 3 is the circuit block schematic diagram of the standby power supply system of zero power-off conversion time in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明较佳实施例零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统的电路方块图与其直流/交流电力转换器的控制方块示意图。4 is a circuit block diagram of a backup power supply system with zero power-off switching time and a control block diagram of a DC/AC power converter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图号说明:Description of figure number:
2、第一交流电源 3、直流电源2. The first
4、负载 10、备用电源供电系统4.
101、第一开关(S11) 102、第二开关(S12)101. The first switch (S11) 102. The second switch (S12)
104、直流/交流电力转换器 105、第二交流电源104. DC/AC
20、备用电源供电系统 201、第一开关(S21)20. Backup power supply system 201. First switch (S21)
202、第二开关(S22) 203、第三开关(S23)202. Second switch (S22) 203. Third switch (S23)
204、直流/交流电力转换器 205、第二交流电源204. DC/AC power converter 205. Second AC power supply
30、备用电源供电系统 301、第一开关(S31)30. Backup
302、第二开关(S32) 304、直流/交流电力转换器302. Second switch (S32) 304. DC/AC power converter
305、第一交流电源 31、直流/交流电力转换器控制方块图305. The first
311、参考电流产生电路 312、第一交流电源故障侦测电路311. Reference
313、开关 314、减法器313.
315、控制器 316、脉宽调制电路315.
317、直流/交流电力转换器输出电流反馈信号317. DC/AC power converter output current feedback signal
318、接地电平318、Ground level
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能更明确被了解,下面将特举本发明较佳实施例,并配合附图详细说明如下。In order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be cited below in detail with accompanying drawings.
如图3所示,为本发明的零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统电路方块图,其输入端连接一第一交流电源2及一直流电源3,其输出端连接一负载4,该备用电源供电系统30包含一第一开关(S31)301、一第二开关(S32)302及一直流/交流电力转换器304。该直流/交流电力转换器304的功能为转换来自该直流电源3的直流电力,成为第二交流电源305。其中该第一开关(S31)301为固态开关,而该第二开关(S32)302则为机械式开关。当该第一交流电源2正常时,该第一开关(S31)301及该第二开关(S32)302均形成闭合,藉由控制该直流/交流电力转换器304的输出电流使其趋近于零,而不会于该第一交流电源2与该直流/交流电力转换器304 间产生环流,此时该负载4的电力由该第一交流电源2直接供给。当该第一交流电源2故障时,该第一开关(S31)301形成关断,该第二开关(S32)302一直维持闭合不需切换,该直流/交流电力转换器304立即建立一正弦波电压供应电力给负载4继续使用,因此该备用电源供电系统30可以在完全不断电转换的条件下,将该负载4的供电来源由该第一交流电源2切换至该第二交流电源305。As shown in Figure 3, it is the circuit block diagram of the standby power supply system of zero power-off conversion time of the present invention, its input terminal is connected with a first
本发明的零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统改善了前述备用电源供电系统10中使用固态开关所产生的较差的电压调整率、额外压降损失及需要散热装置等问题,也无前述备用电源供电系统20的增加组件、成本较高、所需体积较大的缺点。The standby power supply system with zero power-off conversion time of the present invention improves the poor voltage regulation rate, extra voltage drop loss and the need for heat dissipation devices caused by the use of solid-state switches in the aforementioned standby
图4揭示本发明较佳实施例零断电转换时间的备用一电源供电系统30与其直流/交流电力转换器控制电路方块图31。该直流/交流电力转换器304采用电流控制模式。请参照图4所示,本发明较佳实施例零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统30的直流/交流电力转换器控制方块31中包含一参考电流产生电路311、一第一交流电源故障侦测电路312、一开关313、一减法器314、一控制器315、一脉宽调制电路316。FIG. 4 shows a block diagram 31 of a standby
请再参照图4所示,本发明较佳实施例零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统30的直流/交流电力转换器控制方块31,其中该参考电流产生电路311产生一参考电流信号,该参考电流信号与实际该直流/交流电力转换器输出电流反馈信号317作闭环控制后,可使该直流/交流电力转换器304输出一正弦波电压;该第一交流电源故障侦测电路312用以侦测第一交流电源状态;该开关313用以依第一交流电源故障侦测电路312的侦测状态结果,来决定是否将参考电流产生电路311的输出与接地电平318连接:该减法器314的输出信号经该控制器315与该脉宽调制电路316后用来驱动直流/交流电力转换器304以完成电流控制模式,则该直流/交流电力转换器304的输出电流可以趋近该参考电流产生电路311所输出的参考电流信号。Please refer to FIG. 4 again, the DC/AC power
请再参照图4所示,本发明较佳实施例零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统30与其直流/交流电力转换器控制电路方块图31,当第一交流电源2正常时,该第一交流电源故障侦测电路312送出一控制信号,以控制该开关313形成闭合,使该参考电流产生电路311的输出与接地电平318连接,因此参考电流信号成为零电平,该零电平参考电流信号与直流/交流电力转换器的输出电流反馈信号317经该减法器314及控制器315作闭环控制,接着,该控制器315的控制信号输出至该脉宽调制电路316以产生该直流/交流电力转换器304的驱动信号。此时,由于该参考电流信号为零电平,因此经电流闭环控制后可使该直流/交流电力转换器304的输出电流趋近于零,此时不仅该第一开关(S31)301形成闭合,该第二开关(S32)302亦闭合,而不会于该第一交流电源2与该直流/交流电力转换器304间产生环流,且由于该直流/交流电力转换器304的输出电流趋近于零,所以不致于在该直流/交流电力转换器304上产生额外的损失,此时,负载4所需电力是由第一交流电源2供应。Please refer to FIG. 4 again, the backup
请再参照图4所示,本发明较佳实施例零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统30与其直流/交流电力转换器控制方块31,当第一交流电源2故障发生瞬间,该第一开关(S31)301将立即形成关断,且该侦测电路312立即侦测到第一交流电源故障,并送出一控制信号,以控制该开关313形成断开。此时,该参考电流产生电路311送出至该减法器314的信号因已与接地电平318形成开路,而成为正常电流控制回路的参考电流信号(不等于零),该正常参考电流信号与该直流/交流电力转换器的输出电流反馈信号317经该减法器314及控制器315作闭环控制,该控制器315的控制信号输出至该脉宽调制电路316以产生该直流/交流电力转换器304的驱动信号。此时,该正常电平的参考电流信号经电流闭环控制后可在该直流/交流电力转换器304的输出端产生一正弦波电压,因此该直流/交流电力转换器304输出的第二交流电源305经该第二开关(S32)302供电给负载4,由于该第二开关(S32)302在第一交流电源2正常时即维持闭合,在第一交流电源2故障发生瞬间不用作切换,因此可避免该第二开关(S22)202切换所造成的短暂停电。Please refer to Fig. 4 again, the backup
请再参照图4所示,本发明较佳实施例零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统30的直流/交流电力转换器控制方块31,其中该参考电流产生电路311、该第一交流电源故障侦测电路312、该减法器314、该控制器315、该脉宽调制电路316均为传统电流控制式直流/交流电力转换器作为备用电源供电系统时的基本控制方块,因此本发明零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统30的直流/交流电力转换器控制方块31中仅增加该开关313,并使之与该第一交流电源故障侦测电路312连接,即可完成零断电转换时间的控制功能。Please refer to FIG. 4 again, the DC/AC power
本发明的零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统常见的应用场所有热待机型离线式不断电系统,及在线式不断电系统的经济运转模式等要求不断电转换的备用电源供电系统。在线式不断电系统的正常运转模式下,其直流/交流电力转换器是处于有载运转状态,然而为追求较高的电能转换效率,近年来在线式不断电系统亦设计有经济运转模式供使用者选择。所谓经济运转模式,即为将其直流/交流电力转换器设定运转在热持机状态,负载由市电直接供给电力,一旦市电故障才经由转换开关(Transfer Switch)切换负载至直流/交流电力转换器供电。因此,直流/交流电力转换器的输出开关的导通特性,亦对在线式不断电系统的正常运转模式下的负载端电压调整率及整体电能转换效率具有重大影响。所以本发明的零断电转换时间的备用电源供电系统,其优异性能于在线式不断电系统设有经济运转模式应用时更加明显。Common applications of the backup power supply system with zero power-off switching time of the present invention include hot-standby off-line uninterruptible power systems, and online uninterruptible power systems in economical operation modes and other backup power supply systems that require uninterruptible power conversion. In the normal operation mode of the on-line uninterruptible power system, its DC/AC power converter is in the state of load operation. However, in order to pursue higher power conversion efficiency, in recent years, the on-line uninterruptible power system has also been designed with an economical operation mode for use choose. The so-called economical operation mode is to set its DC/AC power converter to run in the hot state, and the load is directly supplied with power by the mains. Once the mains fails, the load is switched to DC/AC through the transfer switch (Transfer Switch) The power converter supplies power. Therefore, the conduction characteristic of the output switch of the DC/AC power converter also has a significant impact on the regulation rate of the load terminal voltage and the overall power conversion efficiency in the normal operation mode of the on-line uninterruptible power system. Therefore, the excellent performance of the standby power supply system with zero power-off switching time of the present invention is more obvious when the on-line uninterruptible power system is equipped with an economical operation mode.
虽然本发明已以前述较佳实施例揭示,然其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟习此技艺者,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作各种的更动与修改,本发明的保护范围以权利要求书所限定的范围为准。Although the present invention has been disclosed by the aforementioned preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the invention is subject to the scope defined by the claims.
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EP3314723B1 (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2019-06-12 | ABB Schweiz AG | Ups with source impedance compensation |
US11232922B2 (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2022-01-25 | Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd. | Power supply circuit, relay device and power over ethernet system |
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US5563778A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1996-10-08 | Lg Industrial Systems Co., Ltd. | Uninterruptible power supply system |
CN2404252Y (en) * | 1998-08-19 | 2000-11-01 | 深圳市华为电气股份有限公司 | Two-way power change-over apparatus |
JP2003087999A (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-03-20 | Sanyo Denki Co Ltd | Uninterruptible power supply and ac switch interrupting method therefor |
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US5563778A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1996-10-08 | Lg Industrial Systems Co., Ltd. | Uninterruptible power supply system |
CN2404252Y (en) * | 1998-08-19 | 2000-11-01 | 深圳市华为电气股份有限公司 | Two-way power change-over apparatus |
JP2003087999A (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-03-20 | Sanyo Denki Co Ltd | Uninterruptible power supply and ac switch interrupting method therefor |
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