CN1802603A - 用于高级微电子应用的平面化薄膜及其生产装置和方法 - Google Patents
用于高级微电子应用的平面化薄膜及其生产装置和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1802603A CN1802603A CNA2003801103946A CN200380110394A CN1802603A CN 1802603 A CN1802603 A CN 1802603A CN A2003801103946 A CNA2003801103946 A CN A2003801103946A CN 200380110394 A CN200380110394 A CN 200380110394A CN 1802603 A CN1802603 A CN 1802603A
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Abstract
本文中披露了一种平面化组合物,其包括:a)结构组分;和b)溶剂体系,其中该溶剂体系与结构组分相容并且降低了平面化组合物的至少一种分子间力分量或表面力分量。还披露了一种包括该平面化组合物的薄膜。另外,本文中披露了另一种平面化组合物,其包括:a)基于甲酚的聚合物化合物;和b)包含至少一种醇和至少一种基于醚乙酸酯的溶剂的溶剂体系。还披露了一种包括该平面化组合物的薄膜。本文中还披露了一种层状元件,其包括:a)具有表面形貌的基质;和b)例如本文中所述的那些的平面化组合物或薄膜,其中该组合物被偶合到基质上。本文中还披露了形成平面化组合物的方法,其包括:a)提供一种结构组分;b)提供一种溶剂体系,其中该溶剂体系与结构组分相容并且降低了平面化组合物的至少一种分子间力分量或表面力分量;和c)将结构组分和溶剂体系共混以形成平面化组合物。还披露了形成薄膜的方法,其包括:a)提供一种例如本文中所披露的那些的平面化组合物;和b)将至少部分溶剂体系蒸发以形成薄膜。
Description
本申请要求了2003年7月17日提交的美国临时申请序列号60/488484的优先权。
主题领域
本主题的领域是用于微电子和半导体应用的平面化组合物和薄膜,包括它们的生产方法。
背景
为了满足较快的性能要求,已经连续降低了集成电路设备特征体的特征尺寸。具有较小特征尺寸的设备的生产在许多常规用于半导体制造的工艺中带来新的挑战。生产微电子设备和将它们用于各种应用的其中一个挑战是将具有非平面的表面形貌的表面全面平面化。
表面的平面化通常包括利用两种不同作用的其中一种或两种:a)增加表面,或b)减少表面。减少表面的作用通常是指将表面抛光或者另外物理性或化学性蚀刻以除去任何不需要的表面形貌并且将任何间隙减少到最少/除去。增加表面的作用通常是指将另一个层加入到表面形貌中以填充任何间隙并且产生光滑的表面。
借助于增加的平面化并不令人满意,其中在开放的范围区域测量的薄膜厚度显著大于在表面形貌上测量的薄膜厚度。如果在形貌与开放的范围区域之间的薄膜厚度差异太大,则在最后的设备开发中有高的产量损失风险。另外,如果平面化组合物不能充分地填充表面上的间隙尤其是形成于基面上的小的通道和凹槽,并且实际上留下了完全没有被平面化组合物填充而是相反填充有空气或另一种大气的小的通道,那么借助于增加的平面化不令人满意或者不是所希望的。
为此,理想的是形成并且采用这样一种平面化组合物:该组合物能够a)提供当在开放的范围区域测量时薄膜厚度不显著大于在表面形貌上测量的薄膜厚度;b)在狭窄的凹槽和通道内充分的间隙填充;c)采用常规的结构组分和溶剂组分形成;d)承受其他的组成-改性组分例如表面活性剂的加入;和e)将表面或基质平面化以形成可以容易地结合到电子或半导体应用中的元件。
主题概述
本文中披露了一种平面化组合物,其包括:a)结构组分;和b)溶剂体系,其中该溶剂体系与结构组分相容并且降低了平面化组合物分子间力或表面力分量的至少一种。还披露了一种包括该平面化组合物的薄膜。
另外,本文中披露了另一种平面化组合物,其包括:a)基于甲酚的聚合物化合物;和b)包含至少一种醇和至少一种基于醚乙酸酯的溶剂的溶剂体系。还披露了一种包括该平面化组合物的薄膜。
本文中还披露了一种层状元件,其包括:a)具有表面形貌的基质;和b)例如本文中所述的那些的平面化组合物或薄膜,其中该组合物被偶合到基质上。
本文中还披露了形成平面化组合物的方法,其包括:a)提供一种结构组分;b)提供一种溶剂体系,其中该溶剂体系与结构组分相容并且降低了平面化组合物分子间力或表面力分量的至少一种;和c)将结构组分和溶剂体系共混以形成平面化组合物。
还披露了形成薄膜的方法,其包括:a)提供一种例如本文中所披露的那些的平面化组合物;和b)将至少部分溶剂体系蒸发以形成薄膜。
附图简述
图1表示两种所构思的平面化组合物的流体性能比较。
图2表示所构思的平面化组合物的结构信息。
图3表示所构思的平面化组合物的结构信息。
图4表示所构思的平面化组合物的平面化性能。
图5表示所构思的平面化组合物的平面化性能。
图6表示所构思的平面化组合物的平面化性能。
图7表示所构思的平面化组合物的平面化性能。
图8表示所构思的平面化组合物的等离子体蚀刻速率。
图9表示所构思的平面化组合物的填充和平面化数据。
图10表示所构思的平面化组合物的填充和平面化数据。
图11表示所构思的平面化组合物的表面光度计结果。
详述
如本文中所述,已经开发并且使用了包括至少一个以下目的和优点的平面化组合物:a)提供当在开放的范围区域测量时薄膜厚度不显著大于在表面形貌上测量的薄膜厚度;b)在狭窄的凹槽和通道内充分的间隙填充;c)采用常规的结构组分和溶剂组分形成;d)承受其他的组成-改性组分例如表面活性剂的加入;和e)将表面或基质平面化以形成可以容易地结合到电子或半导体应用中的元件。
在所构思的实施方案中,平面化组合物包括结构组分和溶剂体系,其中该溶剂体系与结构组分相容并且有效地降低了平面化组合物的至少一种分子间力分量或表面力分量。在另一个所构思的实施方案中,平面化组合物可以进一步包括组成-改性组分例如表面活性剂。
该平面化组合物的结构组分可以包括适合作为用于电子和半导体应用的平面化材料的任意合适的单体、聚合物、部分或化合物。这些单体、聚合物、部分或化合物可以包括有机、无机或有机金属部分。所构思的无机化合物的例子是硅酸盐、硅氧烷、硅氮烷、铝酸盐和含有过渡金属的化合物。有机化合物的例子包括聚亚芳基醚、聚酰亚胺、金刚烷分子、支化的金刚烷结构、基于酚醛清漆的聚合物和聚酯。所构思的有机金属化合物的例子包括聚(二甲基硅氧烷)、聚(乙烯基硅氧烷)和聚(三氟丙基硅氧烷)。
如本文中所使用的,术语“单体”是指能够与其自身或者化学性质不同的化合物以重复的方式形成共价键的任意化学上的化合物。单体之间重复的键形成可以得到线型、支化、超支化或三维的产品。此外,单体可以本身包括重复结构单元,并且当被聚合时,由这些单体形成的聚合物则被称作“嵌段聚合物”。该单体可以隶属于各种化学类别的分子,包括有机、有机金属或无机分子。单体的分子量可以在约40道尔顿-20000道尔顿之间极大地变化。然而尤其当单体包括重复结构单元时,单体可以具有甚至更高的分子量。单体也可以包括另外的基团,例如用于交联的基团。
当将在开放的范围区域测量的薄膜厚度与在表面形貌上测量的薄膜厚度相比时遇到了一些问题的其中一种平面化组合物是包括有基于酚醛清漆的聚合物的平面化组合物。本文中所构思的基于酚醛清漆的聚合物溶液是披露于美国已发表的专利:6,506,831;6,506,441;6,517,951;美国专利申请序列号:10/299,127和相关以及相应的外国和PCT申请,包括PCT/US99/30296中的那些,所有这些专利在本文中以它们的整体引入并且共同属于和指定给Honeywell InternationalInc。其他所构思的基于酚醛清漆的聚合物溶液是披露于以下参考文献中的那些:Rahman等(US5,853,954和US5,910,559);Malik等(US6,027,853);Allen等(SPIE 2438卷,250-260页);Tsiartas等(SPIE 2438卷,261-271卷)或Sizensky等(US5,413,894),所有这些在本文中引入作为参考。在本文中所构思的另一类组合物是可溶酚醛树脂型的酚醛树脂。应该理解的是在本文中所讨论的任意一种平面化组合物可以互相结合以形成另一种平面化组合物。例如,基于酚醛清漆的聚合物可以与可溶酚醛树脂型的酚醛树脂结合以形成平面化组合物。应该理解的是作为分子结构改进的平面化实现了线型或直链的结构。支化或交联的分子和化合物可用于平面化组合物,但是应该理解的是由于这些分子和化合物变得更大(从分子量观点出发)并且更复杂(从支化/交联的观点出发),因此表面可以开始经历成功的表面化。
也可以将有机氢化硅氧烷和有机硅氧烷树脂的溶液用于形成平面化组合物以及用于生产各种电子设备、微电子设备特别是半导体集成电路以及各种用于电子和半导体元件的层状材料,包括硬掩模层、介电层、蚀刻停止层和掩蔽蚀刻停止层。这些有机氢化硅氧烷树脂层与可用于层状材料和设备的其他材料例如基于金刚烷的化合物、基于金刚烃的化合物、硅-芯化合物、有机电介质和纳米多孔电介质十分地相容。与本文中所构思的有机氢化硅氧烷树脂平面化层显著相容的化合物披露于2001年10月17日提交的PCT申请PCT/US01/32569;2001年12月31日提交的PCT申请PCT/US01/50812;美国申请序列号09/538276;美国申请序列号09/544504;美国申请序列号09/587851;美国专利6,214,746;美国专利6,171,687;美国专利6,172,128;美国专利6,156,812;2002年1月15日提交的美国申请序列号60/350187;和2002年1月8日提交的US60/347195中,所有这些在本文中以它们的整体引入作为参考。
本文中所使用的有机氢化硅氧烷树脂具有以下通式:
[H-Si1.5]n[R-SiO1.5]m 式(1)
[H0.5-Si1.5-1.8]n[R0.5-1.0-SiO1.5-1.8]m 式(2)
[H0-1.0-Si1.5]n[R-SiO1.5]m 式(3)
[H-Si1.5]x[R-SiO1.5]y[SiO2]z 式(4)
其中:
n和m的总和,或者x、y和z的总和为约8-约5000,并且m或y以使得含碳组分以小于约40%的量(低有机含量=LOSP)或者以大于约40%的量(高有机含量=HOSP)存在的方式来选择;R选自取代和未取代的正构和支化的烷基(甲基、乙基、丁基、丙基、戊基)、链烯基(乙烯基、烯丙基、异丙烯基)、环烷基、环链烯基、芳基(苯基、苄基、萘基、蒽基和菲基),及它们的混合物;并且其中含碳组分的特定摩尔百分比是起始原料的数量的比例的函数。在一些LOSP实施方案中,借助于含碳组分的摩尔百分比处于约15mol%-约25mol%的范围内而得到了特别有利的结果。在一些HOSP实施方案中,借助于含碳组分的摩尔百分比处于约55mol%-约75mol%的范围内而得到了特别有利的结果。
术语“笼形结构”、“笼形分子”和“笼形化合物”可交替使用并且是指这样的分子:其排列了至少10个原子以使得至少一个桥共价连接环体系的两个或多个原子。换句话说,笼形结构、笼形分子或笼形化合物包括多个由共价连接的原子形成的环,其中该结构、分子或化合物确定了体积,以使得用该体积定位的点不能留下没有通过环的体积。桥和/或环体系可以包括一个或多个杂原子,并且可以是芳族、部分饱和或不饱和的。另外的所构思的笼形结构包括富勒烯和具有至少一个桥的冠醚。例如,金刚烷或金刚烃被认为是笼形结构,然而萘或芳族螺环化合物在该定义的范围内不被认为是笼形结构,因为萘或芳族螺环化合物不具有一个或者超过一个的桥。
所构思的笼形化合物不必限于仅由碳原子所组成,而是还可以包括杂原子例如N、S、O、P等。杂原子可以有利地引入非-四角形的键角结构。关于笼形化合物的取代基和衍生,应该认为许多的取代基和衍生是合适的。例如,在笼形化合物相对为憎水性的情况下,可以引入亲水性取代基以提高在亲水性溶剂中的溶解度,或者反之亦然。作为选择,在需要极性的情况下,可以将极性侧基加入到笼形化合物中。进一步构思的是合适的取代基还可以包括热不稳定基团、亲核性和亲电子性基团。还将理解的是可以将官能团用于笼形化合物(例如以促进交联反应、衍生反应等)。在使笼形化合物衍生化的情况下,尤其构思的是衍生包括笼形化合物的卤化,并且特别优选的卤素是氟。
如在本文中详细描述的笼形分子或化合物还可以是连接到聚合物主链上的基团,并且因此能够形成纳米多孔材料,其中笼形化合物形成一类空隙(分子内的)并且其中至少一部分主链与其自身或另一个主链的交联可以形成另一类空隙(分子间的)。另外的笼形分子、笼形化合物和这些分子和化合物的变型详细描述于2001年10月18日提交的PCT/US01/32569中,其以它的整体在本文中引入作为参考。
为了提高包括单体或其他非聚合物种类和/或聚合物组分的组合物的间隙填充和平面化能力,应该将组合物改性以改进平面化组合物的粘度、表面力分量和/或分子间力分量,例如组合物的表面能。在几种情况下,有利的是降低粘度和分子间力分量以使得间隙填充和平面化性能最优化。将平面化组合物改性的一种方法是改性和/或替换溶剂体系,其中将与结构组分相容并且降低了平面化组合物的至少一种分子间力分量或表面力分量的体系加入到溶剂体系中。在一些所构思的实施方案中,该溶剂体系包括至少两种溶剂。
例如在基于酚醛清漆的聚合物溶液中,强氢键的溶剂被用于溶解被加入聚合物溶液的表面活性剂。在一种情况下,强氢键的溶剂是乳酸乙酯,而表面活性剂是氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂。对于这种情况,强氢键的溶剂可以被包含醇的共溶剂体系例如2-丙醇和丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯(PGMEA)代替。利用Hildebrand和Hansen溶解度参数,我们认为氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂在2-丙醇中的溶解度与PGMEA相似,然而优于乳酸乙酯。另外,2-丙醇具有较弱的分子间力并且表面张力低于乳酸乙酯。在狭窄的凹槽内的毛细流动受到分子结构和相关的电荷的影响。中度极性的2-丙醇的表观粘度在狭窄的凹槽范围内从其额定值中减少-这代表了表面力的整体作用,其中乳酸乙酯的表观粘度与额定粘度之间的比例大于2-丙醇的该比例。在用于表面活性剂的共溶剂体系中将PGMEA加入到2-丙醇中降低了2-丙醇与用于甲酚-酚醛清漆树脂稀释的大体积PGMEA之间的蒸发率。在所构思的实施方案中,溶剂体系将表观粘度降低至少约10%。在另一个所构思的实施方案中,溶剂体系将表观粘度降低至少约20%。在仍然另一个所构思的实施方案中,溶剂体系将表观粘度降低至少约30%。
本文中所使用的术语“表观粘度”是指流体所固有的对流动的抵抗特性,并且其等于应力与应变率的比例。在亚微米凹槽中,表观粘度代表了表面力的整体作用并且由于其中表面力与体积力之间的比例大的位置的尺寸效应而从额定粘度中降低。同样在本文中所使用的术语“额定粘度”是指作为由可商购获得的粘度计例如Brookfield粘度计测量的大体积流体性能的粘度,并且由当流体是牛顿流体时所测量的力和流速计算。
所构思的将用于溶剂体系中的溶剂是早先与包括任意合适的纯的有机分子或者有机分子混合物的那些一起提及的那些,这些有机分子在所希望的温度下挥发和/或容易将所选的表面活性剂、聚合物和/或本文中所讨论的其他分子溶剂化。所构思的溶剂还是能够单独或者组合地改进溶液的粘度、分子间力和表面能以提高间隙填充和平面化性能的那些溶剂。这些溶剂还可以包括任意合适的纯的极性和非-极性化合物或者这些化合物的混合物。本文中所使用的术语“纯的”是指组分具有恒定的组成。例如,纯水单独由H2O组成。本文中所使用的术语“混合物”是指组分不是纯的,包括盐水。本文中所使用的术语“极性”是指分子或化合物这样的特性:在分子或化合物的一个点或者沿着分子或化合物产生了不相等的电荷、局部电荷或者自发的电荷分布。本文中所使用的术语“非极性”是指分子或化合物这样的特性:在分子或化合物的一个点或者沿着分子或化合物产生了相等的电荷、局部电荷或者自发的电荷分布。
在一些所构思的实施方案中,溶剂或溶剂混合物可以包括不被认为是烃溶剂系列的化合物的一部分的那些溶剂,例如酮如丙酮、二乙酮、甲乙酮等,醇(支链和直链的,例如2-丙醇或1-丙醇),酯、醚、醚乙酸酯和胺。在仍然另一些所构思的实施方案中,溶剂或溶剂混合物可以包括在本文中所提及的任意一种溶剂的组合。
在其他所构思的实施方案中,溶剂或溶剂混合物(包含至少两种溶剂)包括被认为是烃系列溶剂的一部分的那些溶剂。烃溶剂是含有碳和氢的那些溶剂。应该理解的是大部分的烃溶剂是非极性的;然而有少数的烃溶剂可以被认为是极性的。烃溶剂通常分为三类:脂族、环状和芳族。脂族烃溶剂可以包括直链化合物和支化并且可能交联的化合物,然而,脂族烃溶剂不被认为是环状的。环状烃溶剂是包括至少三个位于环结构中的碳原子、性质类似于脂族烃溶剂的那些溶剂。芳族烃溶剂是通常包括三个或多个不饱和键与通过共有的键连接的单环或多环和/或稠合在一起的多环的那些溶剂。所构思的烃溶剂包括甲苯、二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、莱、溶剂石脑油H、溶剂石脑油A、链烷例如戊烷、己烷、异己烷、庚烷、壬烷、辛烷、十二烷、2-甲基丁烷、十六烷、十三烷、十五烷、环戊烷、2,2,4-三甲基戊烷,石油醚、卤代烃例如氯代烃,硝化烃、苯、1,2-二甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯、石油溶剂油、煤油、异丁苯、甲基萘、乙基甲苯、轻石油。特别构思的溶剂包括,但不限于,戊烷、己烷、庚烷、环己烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和其混合物或其组合。
如本文中所使用的术语“分子间力”是指键接或非键接力的那些,例如范德华力、静电力、位阻力、库仑力、氢键力、离子力、共价力、偶极-偶极力、分散力、磁引力及其组合,其出现在两个或多个部分的物质或组分,例如平面化组合物与表面、平面化组合物与另一个材料层、构成平面化组合物的分子,其组合等的之间。当降低平面化组合物的分子间力时,重要的是使用“标准”平面化组合物,例如上述由基于酚醛清漆的聚合物、乳酸乙酯和表面活性剂所组成的一种。当标准平面化组合物的溶剂体系被例如上述包含2-丙醇和PGMEA的代替时,分子间力被降低以及平面化组合物是有利的并且牢固地连接到基质的表面或者连接到其他分子上。在这种情况下,平面化组合物自由地迁移到构成表面形貌的狭窄的间隙和凹槽中。应该理解的是标准组合物可以包括结构组分和溶剂体系的任意组合。应该进一步理解的是无论选择何种标准平面化组合物,采用本文中的披露内容可以容易地开发出相容的溶剂体系以降低组合物的分子间力分量。
在一些实施方案中,表面力分量例如界面张力由平面化组合物和平面化组合物与表面、基质或晶片的相互作用所产生。当与层状材料领域中的普通技术人员所公知的常规平面化组合物相比时,本文中所构思的溶剂体系可以将界面张力降低至少约10%。在一些实施方案中,当与常规的平面化组合物相比时,该溶剂体系可以将界面张力降低至少约20%。在仍然另一个实施方案中,当与常规的平面化组合物相比时,该溶剂体系可以将界面张力降低至少约30%。
如早先所提及的那样,在另一些所构思的实施方案中,平面化组合物可以进一步包括至少一种组成-改性组分,例如表面活性剂。所构思的表面活性剂包括基于烃的(非氟代的)和基于碳氟化合物的表面活性剂或其组合。正如所构思的那样,至少一种碳氟化合物型的表面活性剂可以包括至少一种氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂。合适的非氟代的表面活性剂是在由Hacker等发表的美国已发表的专利5,858,547和6,517,951中找到的那些,这些专利在本文中被共有、指定并且以它们的整体引入作为参考。取决于薄膜、元件和/或卖主的需要和规格,另外的组成-改性组分可以包括至少一种粘合促进剂、pH调节剂、成孔剂或任意其他合适的组成-改性剂。
合适的平面化薄膜有几种特性是本文中所希望并且构思的。所构思的组合物特性是组合物的多分散度。多分散度是重均分子量(Mw)与数均分子量(Mn)的比例。因此,重均分子量越接近于数均分子量,则多分散度越接近于1,这是可能的最低多分散度值。由于多分散度接近于1,因此组合物中的组分的分子量更接近,组合物中的分子量范围极少变化。已经发现相同或者接近于相同的分子量的组分作为结构组分可以极大地影响薄膜和结合到该薄膜中的组分的性能。例如,组合物中低分子量组分(小于350amu)的存在可以在薄膜的烘焙和固化时造成发烟和/或冒烟以及薄膜降解。在所构思的实施方案中,多分散度小于约3。在另一个所构思的实施方案中,多分散度小于约2.5。在仍然另一个所构思的实施方案中,多分散度小于约2。并且在另一个所构思的实施方案中,多分散度小于约1.5。
本文中所述的平面化组合物可以用于形成薄膜。形成薄膜的一种方法包括:a)提供至少一种本文中所披露的平面化组合物,其中该平面化组合物包括溶剂体系;和b)将至少部分溶剂体系蒸发以形成薄膜。可以使用由所共有的专利申请PCT/US96/08678和美国专利6,042,994;6,080,526;6,177,143和6,235,353教导的任意合适的工序或条件来除去或者至少部分除去溶剂体系,这些包括连续的源例如热源、溶于溶剂中,优选蚀刻,暴露于辐射、电磁辐射例如紫外线、X-射线,点源例如激光或者红外辐射;机械能例如超声波或物理性压力;或粒子辐射例如γ射线、α粒子、中子束或电子束,上述这些专利被共有并且以它们的整体在本文中引入作为参考。
作为所构思的用途或应用,在本文中还构思了一种层状元件,并且其包括:具有表面形貌的基质;如本文中所述的平面化溶液和/或薄膜,其中该薄膜和/或材料被偶合到基质上;和任选的至少一个另外的材料层或薄膜层。可使用的所构思的涂覆材料、涂覆溶液和薄膜可用于生产各种电子设备、微电子设备,特别是半导体集成电路和各种用于电子和半导体元件的层状材料,包括硬掩模层、介电层、蚀刻停止层和掩蔽蚀刻停止层。这些涂覆材料、涂覆溶液和薄膜与可用于层状材料和设备的其他材料例如基于金刚烷的化合物、基于金刚烃的化合物、硅-芯化合物、有机电介质和纳米多孔电介质十分地相容。与本文中所构思的涂覆材料、涂覆溶液和薄膜显著相容的化合物披露于2001年10月17日提交的PCT申请PCT/US01/32569;2001年12月31日提交的PCT申请PCT/US01/50812;美国申请序列号09/538276;美国申请序列号09/544504;美国申请序列号09/587851;美国专利6,214,746;美国专利6,171,687;美国专利6,172,128;美国专利6,156,812;2002年1月15日提交的美国申请序列号60/350187;和2002年1月8日提交的US60/347195中,所有这些在本文中以它们的整体引入作为参考。
本文中所构思的表面可以包括任何显著所希望的固体材料,例如基质、晶片或其他合适的表面。一些所构思的表面包括非平面的表面形貌,并且另一些所构思的表面已经被平面化。特别所希望的基质层将包括薄膜、玻璃、陶瓷、塑料、金属或涂布的金属或者复合材料。表面层和/或基质层包括至少一个层并且在某些情况下包括多个层。在优选实施方案中,基质包括砷化硅或砷化锗硬模或者晶片表面,例如在铜、银、镍或金电镀的引线框中发现的封装表面,例如在电路板或封装互连迹线中发现的铜表面,转接壁或硬化界面(“铜”包括所考虑到的裸铜和其氧化物),例如在基于聚酰亚胺的柔性包装中发现的基于聚合物的包装或板界面,铅或其他金属合金焊球表面、玻璃和聚合物例如聚酰亚胺。在更优选的实施方案中,基质包括在集成电路工业以及包装和电路板工业中所共有的材料,例如硅、铜、玻璃和其他聚合物。本文中所构思的合适的表面还可以包括另一个预先形成的层状叠层、其他的层状元件或者完全是其他的元件。其例子可以是其中介电材料和CVD阻隔层首先被铺设而作为层状叠层-这被认为是用于随后被旋涂上的层状元件的“表面”。
至少一个层被偶合到表面或基质上。如本文中所使用的术语“偶合”是指将表面和层或者两个层彼此物理性连接,或者在物质或元件的两部分之间有物理引力,包括键合力例如共价和离子键力,和非键合力例如范德华力、静电力、库仑力、氢键力和/或磁引力。同样,如本文中所使用的术语偶合是指包括这样的情况:将表面和层或者两个层彼此直接连接,但是该术语也是指包括这样的情况:将表面和层或者多个层彼此间接连接-例如这样的情况:在表面与层之间有粘合促进剂层或者在表面与层或者多个层之间完全有另一个层。
所构思的电介质或低电介质材料包括基于无机材料的化合物,例如在共同指定的美国专利6,143,855和2002年2月19日提交的悬而未决的美国序列号10/078919中所披露的基于硅的化合物;(例如Honeywell NANOGLASS和HOSP产品)、基于镓的、基于锗的、基于砷的、基于硼的化合物或其组合,以及基于有机材料的化合物,例如在共同指定的美国专利6,124,421中所披露的聚醚、聚亚芳基醚(例如Honeywell FLARETM产品)、聚酰亚胺、聚酯和在共同指定的WO01/78110和WO01/08308中所披露的基于金刚烷或基于笼形物质的化合物(例如Honeywell GX-3TM产品)。电介质和低电介质材料可以通过以下方式涂覆:将材料旋涂到表面上、将材料滚压在表面上、将材料滴注在表面上和/或将材料铺展在表面上。
也可以将介电常数为1.5-约3.8的纳米多孔二氧化硅电介质薄膜作为至少一个层。本文中所构思的纳米多孔二氧化硅化合物是在以下美国已授权的专利中发现的那些化合物:6,022,812;6,037,275;6,042,994;6,048,804;6,090,448;6,126,733;6,140,254;6,204,202;6,208,041;6,318,124和6,319,855。将这些种类的薄膜作为基于硅的前体而铺设、在水的存在下老化或者冷凝,并且充分加热以基本除去所有的成孔剂和在薄膜中形成孔隙。基于硅的前体组合物包括具有下式的单体或预聚物:Rx-Si-Ly,其中R独立地选自烷基、芳基、氢和其组合,L是负电性部分,例如烷氧基、羧基、氨基、酰氨基、卤化物、异氰酸根和其组合,x是0-约2的整数,y是约2-约4的整数。其他的纳米多孔化合物和方法可以在美国已授权的专利6,156,812;6,171,687;6,214,746;6,313,185;6,380,347和6,380,270中找到,这些专利以它们的整体在本文中引入。
本文中所构思的层状元件还可以包括扩散阻隔材料,其不以层的形式存在于元件上,而是用于“阻隔”任何单独的孔隙/空隙并且不会覆盖整个底层。在一些实施方案中,扩散阻隔材料将与底层低k值电介质材料或层反应,并且在另一些实施方案中,扩散阻隔材料将不会与底层低k值电介质材料或层反应。在其他实施方案中,所构思的扩散阻隔层状元件可以由致密的低k值材料层所组成,或者包含以阻隔物类的扩散这样的方式密实化的相分离的低k值材料元件。扩散阻隔材料例如本文中所构思的那些可以在2002年6月3日提交的所共有的美国临时申请60/385482中找到,其以它的整体在本文中引入。
可以将其他的旋涂材料用于层状元件的另外的层。几种所构思的旋涂材料描述于以下已授权的专利和悬而未决的申请中,这些以它们的整体在本文中引入作为参考:(2000年6月8日提交的PCT/US00/15772;1999年6月10日提交的美国申请序列号09/330248;1999年6月10日提交的美国申请序列号09/491166;2002年4月2日发表的US 6,365,765;2001年7月31日发表的US 6,268,457;2001年11月10日提交的美国申请序列号10/001143;2000年1月26日提交的美国申请序列号09/491166;1999年1月7日提交的PCT/US00/00523;2001年1月23日授权的US 6,177,199;2002年3月19日授权的US 6,358,559;2001年4月17日授权的US 6,218,020;2002年3月26日授权的US 6,361,820;2001年4月17日授权的US6,218,497;2002年3月19日授权的US 6,359,099;2000年11月7日授权的US 6,143,855;和1998年3月20日提交的美国申请序列号09/611528)。
如本文中所使用的术语“金属”是指在元素周期表的d区和f区中的那些元素,以及具有类似金属的性质的那些元素例如硅和锗。如本文中所使用的术语“d区”是指含有填充了元素的核周围的3d、4d、5d和6d轨道的电子的那些元素。如本文中所使用的术语“f区”是指含有填充了元素的核周围的4f和5f轨道的电子的那些元素,包括镧系和锕系。优选的金属包括铟、银、铜、铝、锡、铋、镓和其合金,银涂布的铜以及银涂布的铝。术语“金属”还包括合金、金属/金属复合材料、金属陶瓷复合材料、金属聚合物复合材料以及其他的金属复合材料。如本文中所使用的术语“化合物”是指具有可以通过化学方法分裂成元素的恒定组成的物质。
可以将另一个材料层偶合到层状元件上以连续构造层状元件或印制电路板。所构思的是该另一个层将包括类似于已经在本文中所描述的那些的材料,包括金属、金属合金、复合材料、聚合物、单体、有机化合物、无机化合物、有机金属化合物、树脂、粘合剂和光波导材料。
取决于元件所要求的规格,可以将层状材料或包覆材料的一层偶合到层状界面材料上。层压制品通常被认为是纤维增强的树脂电介质材料。包覆材料是当将金属和其他材料例如铜结合到层压制品中而制得的层压制品的副类。(Harper,Charles A.,电子包装和互连手册,第二版,McGraw-Hill(纽约),1997。)
也可以将旋涂层和旋涂材料加入到层状界面材料或后面的层中。旋涂的堆积薄膜由Michael E.Thomas,“用于低keff电介质的旋涂堆积薄膜(Spin-On Stacked Film for Low Keff Dielectrics)”,
固态技术(Solid State Technology)(2001年7月)所教导,其以它的整体在本文中结合作为参考。
其他的另一个材料层的例子包括金属(例如可用于形成通道填充物或印制电路的那些以及包括在美国专利No.5,780,755;6,113,781;6,348,139和6,332,233中的那些,所有这些专利以它们的整体在本文中结合)、金属扩散层、掩模层、抗反射涂层、粘合促进剂层等。
可以将本文中所述的化合物、涂料、薄膜、材料等用于变成电子元件和/或半导体元件的一部分、形成电子元件和/或半导体元件的一部分或者形成电子元件和/或半导体元件。如本文中所使用的术语“电子元件”也是指可用于电路中以获得一些所希望的导电作用的设备或部件。本文中所构思的电子元件可以不同的方式分类,包括分类成有源元件和无源元件。有源元件是能够起到一些动态作用例如放大、振动或者信号控制的电子元件,其操作通常需要电源。例子是双极晶体管、场效应晶体管和集成电路。无源元件是静态操作,即通常不能放大或者振动的电子元件,并且它们的特征化操作通常不需要动力源。例子是常规的电阻器、电容器、感应器、二极管、整流器和保险丝。
本文中所构思的电子元件还可以分为导体、半导体或绝缘体。这里,导体是允许电荷载体(例如电子)容易在电流中在原子之间移动的元件。导体元件的例子是包含金属的电路迹线和通道。绝缘体是其功能与材料对电流传导极度抵抗的能力显著相关的元件,例如用于将其他元件电分离的材料,而半导体是具有介于导体与绝缘体之间的天然抵抗性、其功能与材料传导电流的能力显著相关的元件。半导体元件的例子是晶体管、二极管、一些激光器、整流器、半导体开关元件和光敏元件。
本文中所构思的电子元件还可以分为电源或耗电器。电源元件被通常用于对其他元件供电,并且包括电池、电容器、线圈和燃料电池。耗电器元件包括电阻器、晶体管、集成电路(ICs)、传感器等。
再进一步地,本文中所构思的电子元件还可以分为离散的或集成的。离散的元件是集中在电路中的一个位置提供一种特定的电性能的设备。例子是电阻器、电容器、二极管和晶体管。集成的元件是能够在电路中的一个位置提供多重电性能的元件的组合。例子是其中将多个元件和连接迹线组合以起到多重或者复杂的作用例如逻辑性的集成电路。
实施例
实施例1
在室温和环境压力下将约1g氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂溶于约4.5g丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯(PGMEA)和约4.5g 2-丙醇的共溶剂中。在环境条件下将约10g低分子量的基于甲酚酚醛清漆的树脂(MW=约1500,Mn=800)溶于约15g丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯中。将约5wt%的该氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂溶液的进料加入到低分子量、低多分散度的基于甲酚酚醛清漆的树脂溶液中,并且进一步用约10g丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯稀释。通过旋涂将所配制的混合物涂覆到有图案的基质上。
在将丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯表面调节之后,使喷嘴从晶片边缘移动到中心并且将溶液放射状地涂覆到基质上,然后在约100RPM-约2500RPM的逐渐增加的速度下旋转。将经涂覆的基质置于两个各自温度约为160℃和约200℃的加热板中约90秒。
通过使用这些改性的聚合物溶液,在形貌与开放的范围区域之间的厚度差值已经显著降低,并且实现了对薄膜平面化性能的50%改进。
实施例2
将约106.2g低分子量(1500amu)的邻-甲酚酚醛清漆聚合物溶于159.4g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯中以得到265.6g甲酚酚醛清漆溶液。在环境条件下将1.66g分子量约为5500-8500amu的氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂溶液和7.47g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯以及7.47g 2-丙醇加入到265.5g甲酚酚醛清漆聚合物溶液中。然后使所得的聚合物溶液分散在有图案的测试晶片上-从晶片边缘分散到中心,并且在100RPM-2500RPM的逐渐增加的速度下旋转。将经涂覆的基质置于两个温度约为160℃和约200℃的加热板中约90秒。
测量的平均薄膜厚度为2.03微米,标准偏差为28纳米(平均厚度的0.68%)。测量所得的涂覆晶片在晶片中心600纳米处的形貌与开放区域之间的厚度均匀度和厚度差值。
实施例3(比较)
将约106.2g低分子量(1500amu)的邻-甲酚酚醛清漆聚合物溶于159.4g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯中以得到265.6g甲酚酚醛清漆溶液。在环境条件下将1.66g分子量约为5500-8500amu的氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂溶液和14.9g乳酸乙酯加入到265.5g甲酚酚醛清漆聚合物溶液中。然后使所得的聚合物溶液分散在有图案的测试晶片上-从晶片边缘分散到中心,并且在100RPM-2500RPM的逐渐增加的速度下旋转。将经涂覆的基质置于两个温度约为160℃和约200℃的加热板中约90秒。
测量的平均薄膜厚度为2.05微米,标准偏差为18纳米(平均厚度的0.44%)。测量所得的涂覆晶片在晶片中心1200纳米处的形貌与开放区域之间的厚度均匀度和厚度差值。
实施例4(比较)
将约106.2g低分子量(1500amu)的邻-甲酚酚醛清漆聚合物溶于159.4g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯中以得到265.6g甲酚酚醛清漆溶液。在环境条件下将1.66g分子量约为5500-8500amu的氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂溶液和14.9g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯加入到265.5g甲酚酚醛清漆聚合物溶液中。然后使所得的聚合物溶液分散在有图案的测试晶片上-从晶片边缘分散到中心,并且在100RPM-2500RPM的逐渐增加的速度下旋转。将经涂覆的基质置于两个温度约为160℃和约200℃的加热板中约90秒。
测量的平均薄膜厚度为2.06微米,标准偏差为19纳米(平均厚度的0.46%)。测量所得的涂覆晶片在晶片中心750纳米处的形貌与开放区域之间的厚度均匀度和厚度差值。
实施例5
将约106.2g低分子量(950amu)的酚醛清漆聚合物溶于159.4g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯中以得到265.6g甲酚酚醛清漆溶液。在环境条件下将1.66g分子量约为5500-8500amu的氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂溶液和7.47g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯以及7.47g 2-丙醇加入到265.5g甲酚酚醛清漆聚合物溶液中。然后使所得的聚合物溶液分散在有图案的测试晶片上-从晶片边缘分散到中心,并且在100RPM-2500RPM的逐渐增加的速度下旋转。将涂覆的基质置于两个温度约为160℃和约200℃的加热板中约90秒。
测量所得的涂覆晶片在晶片中心830纳米处的形貌与开放区域之间的厚度均匀度和厚度差值。
实施例6(比较)
将约106.2g低分子量(950amu)的酚醛清漆聚合物溶于159.4g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯中以得到265.6g甲酚酚醛清漆溶液。在环境条件下将1.66g分子量约为5500-8500amu的氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂溶液和14.9g乳酸乙酯加入到265.5g甲酚酚醛清漆聚合物溶液中。然后使所得的聚合物溶液分散在有图案的测试晶片上-从晶片边缘分散到中心,并且在100RPM-2500RPM的逐渐增加的速度下旋转。将经涂覆的基质置于两个温度约为160℃和约200℃的加热板中约90秒。
测量所得的涂覆晶片在晶片中心900纳米处的形貌与开放区域之间的厚度均匀度和厚度差值。
实施例7
将约106.2g低分子量(1300amu)的酚醛清漆聚合物溶于159.4g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯中以得到265.6g甲酚酚醛清漆溶液。在环境条件下将1.66g分子量约为5500-8500amu的氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂溶液和7.47g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯以及7.47g 2-丙醇加入到265.5g甲酚酚醛清漆聚合物溶液中。然后使所得的聚合物溶液分散在有图案的测试晶片上-从晶片边缘分散到中心,并且在100RPM-2500RPM的逐渐增加的速度下旋转。将经涂覆的基质置于两个温度约为160℃和约200℃的加热板中约90秒。
实施例7(比较)
将约106.2g低分子量(1300amu)的酚醛清漆聚合物溶于159.4g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯中以得到265.6g甲酚酚醛清漆溶液。在环境条件下将1.66g分子量约为5500-8500amu的氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂溶液和14.9g乳酸乙酯加入到265.5g甲酚酚醛清漆聚合物溶液中。然后使所得的聚合物溶液分散在有图案的测试晶片上-从晶片边缘分散到中心,并且在100RPM-2500RPM的逐渐增加的速度下旋转。将经涂覆的基质置于两个温度约为160℃和约200℃的加热板中约90秒。
测量所得的涂覆晶片在晶片中心900纳米处的形貌与开放区域之间的厚度均匀度和厚度差值。
实施例8(与实施例2比较)
将约106.2g低分子量(1500amu)的邻-甲酚酚醛清漆聚合物溶于159.4g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯中以得到265.6g甲酚酚醛清漆溶液。在环境条件下将3.32g分子量约为5500-8500amu的氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂溶液和14.9g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯以及14.9g 2-丙醇加入到265.5g甲酚酚醛清漆聚合物溶液中。然后使所得的聚合物溶液分散在有图案的测试晶片上-从晶片边缘分散到中心,并且在100RPM-2500RPM的逐渐增加的速度下旋转。将经涂覆的基质置于两个温度约为160℃和约200℃的电热板中约90秒。
测量的平均薄膜厚度为2.03微米,标准偏差为15纳米(平均厚度的0.37%)。测量所得的涂覆晶片在晶片中心200纳米处的形貌与开放区域之间的厚度均匀度和厚度差值。
实施例9(与实施例2比较)
将约106.2g低分子量(1500amu)的邻-甲酚酚醛清漆聚合物溶于159.4g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯中以得到265.6g甲酚酚醛清漆溶液。在环境条件下将1.66g分子量约为5500-8500amu的氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂溶液和9.7g丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯以及5g 2-丙醇加入到265.5g甲酚酚醛清漆聚合物溶液中。然后使所得的聚合物溶液分散在有图案的测试晶片上-从晶片边缘分散到中心,并且在100RPM-2500RPM的逐渐增加的速度下旋转。将经涂覆的基质置于两个温度约为160℃和约200℃的加热板中约90秒。
测量的平均薄膜厚度为2.1微米,标准偏差为15纳米(平均厚度的0.36%)。测量所得的涂覆晶片在晶片中心480纳米处的形貌与开放区域之间的厚度均匀度和厚度差值。
实施例10
实施例10表示在基于酚醛清漆的聚合物组合物例如本文中所述的那些(AccufloTM2025)与同样类似于本文中所述的那些(AccufloTM2027和/或T2027)的第二种基于酚醛清漆的聚合物组合物之间的比较研究。连同基于酚醛清漆的聚合物(结构组分)一起,AccufloTM 2025包括90%的PGMEA和10%的乳酸乙酯作为溶剂体系。另外,连同基于酚醛清漆的聚合物(结构组分)一起,AccufloTM 2027包括92%的PGMEA和8%的2-丙醇。
图1表示在大约室温(RT)和约40℃下两种组合物的溶液的流体性能比较。可以在该图中看出,由于溶剂体系中微小的组成变化,AccufloTM 2027组合物表观粘度降低约25%。
图2和3以及表l表示一旦起始组合物已经被沉积到表面或者晶片上并且烘焙和/或固化时组合物的结构信息。在大约室温和约40℃下进行老化实验。对于AccufloTM 2027而言,当该组合物在空气中在约160℃-200℃下烘焙约120秒时,计算Cauchy系数。对于波长(λ)范围约3500-约10,000有效的系数如下:
A(n)=1.552
B(n)=1.76E+62
C(n)=1.90E+124
采用下式在有效的波长范围内计算折射率:
n(λ)=A(n)+B(n)/λ2+C(n)/λ4
AccufloTM 2027的厚度约为20347。在该比较研究中AccufloTM 2025的厚度被测量约为19782。在该比较研究中,对于AccufloTM 2025有效的系数如下:
A(n)=1.588
B(n)=1.24E+62
C(n)=2.34E+124
图4和5以及表2-7表示在两个不同的实验室中测试的AccufloTM2025组合物的平面化性能。图6和7以及表8-13表示在两个不同的实验室中测试的AccufloTM2027组合物的平面化性能。
表14表示当在环境空气中在约160℃-约230℃下烘焙约90秒时,AccufloTM 2027的TMAH溶剂抗性。出于所有的实际目的,该溶剂抗性与AccufloTM 2025的溶剂抗性相同。
图8表示AccufloTM 2025和AccufloTM 2027具有可比较的等离子体蚀刻速率。这两种组合物之间的平面化比较示于表15中。
图9和10表示对于AccufloTM 2027所收集的填充和平面化数据。图9表示扫描路径900,形貌-深的凹槽阵列910和边缘920。图10表示晶片中心1010和晶片边缘1020的图示。表面光度计扫描路径和两个晶片位置被用于该评价。使用两个晶片。在三个位置进行SEM横截面分析:中心、晶片中部和边缘。图11表示表面光度计结果。表16表示SEM横截面结果,表17表示该相同组合物的BOE蚀刻结果。在所研究的所有烘焙条件下,AccufloTM 2027实现了完全对BOE的抗性(500∶1)。为了当使用浓缩的HF蚀刻剂时进一步使聚合物薄膜交联,160℃(100秒)-190℃(100秒)-200℃(210秒)的高烘焙温度是优选的实施方案。
可以从该实施例中得出几个结论,包括以下这些:
√借助于标准的旋转方法,由于降低的粘度和界面张力,AccufloTM2027与AccufloTM 2025相比呈现出优良的平面化性能。
√在对AccufloTM 2025的工艺开发之后,已经对AccufloTM 2027进行了所构思的方法以将凹槽填充性能最大化,这包括借助于和不借助于放射状分散方法和采用PGMEA的表面调节而逐渐增加旋转方法。已经实现了局部和全面的平面化大于70%的增强。凹槽阵列与支承区域之间的厚度偏差在晶片中心已经被降低至250nm,在晶片边缘被降低至150nm。
√已经对AccufloTM 2027和AccufloTM 2025进行了总体薄膜特征分析。已经观察了在这两种组合物之间可比较的结构(分子特征)、物理、工艺(溶剂抗性和等离子体蚀刻性能)和光学性能。
√可以通过在空气环境中采用所构思的借助于约160℃(约90秒)-约220℃(约90秒)的烘焙温度的旋转方法涂覆AccufloTM 2027来实现在深的凹槽阵列/缓冲电容器区域中优良的全面和局部的平面化。另一个在空气环境中最佳的烘焙范围是约160℃(约90秒)-约180℃(约90秒),这得到了中度的交联,和约160℃(约100秒)-约180℃(约100秒),这得到了高度的交联。
从而已经披露了改性的平面化组合物的形成方法和应用。然而,对于本领域那些技术人员而言将明显看出的是,除了已经描述的那些之外的许多更多的改进是可能的,只要不偏离本文中的发明构思。因此,本发明的主题仅受限于本文中的披露内容的精神。此外,在说明书和权利要求书的解释中,所有的术语应该以与上下文一致的可能最宽的方式来解释。特别地,术语“包括”和“包含”应该被理解为以非排他性的方式表示元素、组分或步骤,这表明所参考的元素、组分或步骤可以存在,或者被使用,或者与没有被明确参考的其他元素、组分或步骤相结合。
Claims (75)
1.一种平面化组合物,包括:
结构组分;和
溶剂体系,其中该溶剂体系与结构组分相容并且降低了平面化组合物分子间力或表面力分量的至少一种。
2.权利要求1的平面化组合物,其中所述结构组分包括聚合物。
3.权利要求2的平面化组合物,其中所述聚合物包括基于酚醛清漆的聚合物、可溶酚醛树脂型的酚醛树脂或它们的组合。
4.权利要求1的平面化组合物,其中所述溶剂体系包括至少两种溶剂。
5.权利要求4的平面化组合物,其中所述溶剂体系包括基于醇的溶剂。
6.权利要求5的平面化组合物,其中基于醇的溶剂包括1-丙醇或2-丙醇。
7.权利要求4的平面化组合物,其中所述溶剂体系包括丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯(PGMEA)、乳酸乙酯、丙二醇甲醚、二乙二醇、丙酮或它们的组合。
8.权利要求1的平面化组合物,其中所述分子间力分量包括氢键相互作用力、静电力、位阻力、偶极-偶极相互作用力、分散力、范德华力或它们的组合。
9.权利要求1的平面化组合物,其中该平面化组合物包括表观粘度。
10.权利要求9的平面化组合物,其中所述表面力分量包括界面张力。
11.权利要求9的平面化组合物,其中所述溶剂体系将表观粘度降低至少约10%。
12.权利要求11的平面化组合物,其中所述溶剂体系将表观粘度降低至少30%。
13.权利要求10的平面化组合物,其中所述溶剂体系将界面张力降低至少约10%。
14.权利要求13的平面化组合物,其中所述溶剂体系将界面张力降低至少约20%。
15.权利要求1的平面化组合物,其中该组合物进一步包括表面活性剂。
16.权利要求15的平面化组合物,其中所述表面活性剂包括至少一种烃型表面活性剂、至少一种碳氟化合物型表面活性剂或其组合。
17.权利要求16的平面化组合物,其中至少一种碳氟化合物型表面活性剂包括至少一种氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂。
18.一种平面化组合物,包括:
基于甲酚的聚合物化合物;和
包含至少一种醇和至少一种基于醚乙酸酯的溶剂的溶剂体系。
19.权利要求18的平面化组合物,其中基于甲酚的聚合物化合物包括酚醛清漆聚合物。
20.权利要求18的平面化组合物,其中至少一种醇包括支链醇。
21.权利要求20的平面化组合物,其中所述支链醇包括2-丙醇。
22.权利要求18的平面化组合物,其中至少一种基于醚乙酸酯的溶剂包括PGMEA。
23.权利要求18的平面化组合物,其中该组合物进一步包括表面活性剂。
24.权利要求23的平面化组合物,其中所述表面活性剂包括至少一种烃型表面活性剂、至少一种碳氟化合物型表面活性剂或其组合。
25.权利要求24的平面化组合物,其中至少一种碳氟化合物型表面活性剂包括至少一种氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂。
26.一种包括权利要求1或18其中一项的平面化组合物的薄膜,其中至少一些溶剂体系被除去。
27.一种包括权利要求15或23其中一项的平面化组合物的薄膜,其中至少一些溶剂体系被除去。
28.一种层状元件,包括:
具有表面形貌的基质;和
权利要求1的平面化组合物,其中该组合物被偶合到基质上。
29.权利要求28的层状元件,进一步包括至少一个另外的材料层或薄膜层。
30.一种层状元件,包括:
具有表面形貌的基质;和
权利要求18的平面化组合物,其中该组合物被偶合到基质上。
31.权利要求30的层状元件,进一步包括至少一个另外的材料层或薄膜层。
32.一种层状元件,包括:
具有表面形貌的基质;和
包括权利要求26的薄膜的层,其中该层被偶合到基质上。
33.权利要求32的层状元件,进一步包括至少一个另外的材料层或薄膜层。
34.一种层状元件,包括:
具有表面形貌的基质;和
包括权利要求27的薄膜的层,其中该层被偶合到基质上。
35.权利要求34的层状元件,进一步包括至少一个另外的材料层或薄膜层。
36.一种形成平面化组合物的方法,包括:
提供一种结构组分;
提供一种溶剂体系,其中该溶剂体系与结构组分相容并且降低了平面化组合物分子间力或表面力分量的至少一种;和
将结构组分和溶剂体系共混以形成平面化组合物。
37.权利要求36的方法,其中提供结构组分包括提供一种聚合物。
38.权利要求37的方法,其中该聚合物包括基于酚醛清漆的聚合物、可溶酚醛树脂型的酚醛树脂或它们的组合。
39.权利要求36的方法,其中所述溶剂体系包括至少两种溶剂。
40.权利要求39的方法,其中所述溶剂体系包括基于醇的溶剂。
41.权利要求38的方法,其中基于醇的溶剂包括1-丙醇或2-丙醇。
42.权利要求39的方法,其中所述溶剂体系包括丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯(PGMEA)、乳酸乙酯、丙二醇甲醚、二乙二醇、丙酮或它们的组合。
43.权利要求36的方法,其中所述分子间力分量包括氢键相互作用力、静电力、位阻力、偶极-偶极相互作用力、分散力、范德华力或它们的组合。
44.权利要求36的方法,其中所述表面力分量包括界面张力。
45.权利要求44的方法,其中所述溶剂体系将界面张力降低至少约10%。
46.权利要求45的方法,其中所述溶剂体系将界面张力降低至少约20%。
47.权利要求36的方法,其中所述平面化组合物包括表观粘度。
48.权利要求47的方法,其中所述溶剂体系将表观粘度降低至少约10%。
49.权利要求48的方法,其中所述溶剂体系将表观粘度降低至少30%。
50.权利要求36的方法,其中该组合物进一步包括表面活性剂。
51.权利要求50的方法,其中表面活性剂包括至少一种烃型表面活性剂、至少一种碳氟化合物型表面活性剂或它们的组合。
52.权利要求51的方法,其中至少一种碳氟化合物型表面活性剂包括至少一种氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂。
53.一种形成薄膜的方法,包括:
提供权利要求1的平面化组合物;和
将至少部分溶剂体系蒸发以形成薄膜。
54.权利要求53的方法,其中将至少部分溶剂体系蒸发包括将连续的源施加给平面化组合物。
55.权利要求54的方法,其中所述连续的源包括热源。
56.权利要求55的方法,其中所述连续的源包括红外线源、紫外线源、电子束源及它们的组合。
57.一种平面化组合物,包括:
结构组分;和
溶剂体系,其中该溶剂体系与结构组分相容并且降低了平面化组合物的至少一种分子间力分量或表面力分量,并且其中该组合物的多分散度小于约2.5。
58.权利要求57的平面化组合物,其中所述结构组分包括聚合物。
59.权利要求58的平面化组合物,其中所述聚合物包括基于酚醛清漆的聚合物、可溶酚醛树脂型的酚醛树脂或它们的组合。
60.权利要求57的平面化组合物,其中所述溶剂体系包括至少两种溶剂。
61.权利要求60的平面化组合物,其中所述溶剂体系包括基于醇的溶剂。
62.权利要求61的平面化组合物,其中基于醇的溶剂包括1-丙醇或2-丙醇。
63.权利要求60的平面化组合物,其中所述溶剂体系包括丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯(PGMEA)、乳酸乙酯、丙二醇甲醚、二乙二醇、丙酮或它们的组合。
64.权利要求57的平面化组合物,其中所述分子间力分量包括氢键相互作用力、静电力、位阻力、偶极-偶极相互作用力、分散力、范德华力或其组合。
65.权利要求57的平面化组合物,其中所述表面力分量包括界面张力。
66.权利要求57的平面化组合物,其中所述平面化组合物包括表观粘度。
67.权利要求66的平面化组合物,其中所述溶剂体系将表观粘度降低至少约10%。
68.权利要求67的平面化组合物,其中所述溶剂体系将表观粘度降低至少30%。
69.权利要求65的平面化组合物,其中所述溶剂体系将界面张力降低至少约10%。
70.权利要求69的平面化组合物,其中所述溶剂体系将界面张力降低至少约20%。
72.权利要求57的平面化组合物,其中所述该组合物进一步包括表面活性剂。
73.权利要求72的平面化组合物,其中所述表面活性剂包括至少一种烃型表面活性剂、至少一种碳氟化合物型表面活性剂或它们的组合。
74.权利要求73的平面化组合物,其中至少一种碳氟化合物型表面活性剂包括至少一种氟代脂族聚酯表面活性剂。
75.权利要求57的平面化组合物,其中多分散度小于约2。
76.权利要求75的平面化组合物,其中多分散度小于约1.5。
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- 2003-10-27 EP EP03777970A patent/EP1649322A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-10-27 WO PCT/US2003/034347 patent/WO2005017617A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2003-10-27 US US10/518,201 patent/US7910223B2/en active Active
- 2003-11-03 TW TW92130707A patent/TWI262130B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
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AU2003286758A8 (en) | 2005-03-07 |
KR101020164B1 (ko) | 2011-03-08 |
WO2005017617A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
TWI262130B (en) | 2006-09-21 |
AU2003286758A1 (en) | 2005-03-07 |
TW200503890A (en) | 2005-02-01 |
EP1649322A1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
EP1649322A4 (en) | 2007-09-19 |
US7910223B2 (en) | 2011-03-22 |
JP4426526B2 (ja) | 2010-03-03 |
WO2005017617A8 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
JP2007521349A (ja) | 2007-08-02 |
KR20060054318A (ko) | 2006-05-22 |
US20060106160A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
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