US2614748A - Centrifuge for separating solids - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 21, 1952 H. P. RITSCH 2,614,748

I CENTRIFUGE FOR SEPARATING SOLIDS Filed July 29, 1947' 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. HOWARD P R/TSCH BY a ATT0RNEYSW- Oct. 21, 1952 H. P. RITSCH 2,614,748 CENTRIFUGE FOR SEPARATIILIG SQLIDS 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed July 29, 1947 INVENTOR. HOWARD P. R/TSCH ATTORNEYS Oct. 21, 1952 I RITSCH 2,614,748

CENTRIFUGE FOR SEPARATING SOLIDS I Filed July 29, 1947 I 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 i I i z IN V EN TOR.

HOWARD P. R/TSCH BY MAM kw ATTORNEYS Patented 0a. 21, 1952 r 2,614,748 CENTRIFUGE ron SEPARATING SOLIDS Howard P. Kitsch, Chicago, Ill. Application .luly 29, 1947, Serial No. 764,368

This invention relates to an improvement in the I art of separating solids of different densities by means of a liquid medium of intermediate density, and media whereby the solids are separated, as set forth in my .Patent No. 2,528,974, issued November 7, 1950.

In the sink-float method of separation as now practiced, there are two definite limitations.

First, it has not proved feasible to apply such methods on a large or commercial scale to particles smaller than 3 5 of an inch. I

Second, the maximum density which can be used as the point of separation by such methods is about 3.3, as water is the only medium in which solids are suspended and galena and ferrosilicon are the only solids being used at presenton a large scale, except in the cleaning of coal. Another limiting factor is viscosity, which builds up rapidly after a certain concentration of solids in the fluid is reached. These limitations exclude separations not only of the precious metals but also of the greater number of base metal minerals.

One of the objectsof this invention is the provision of a method and apparatus, whereby separations of particles down to 100 mesh or finer may be made.

Another object of this invention is the provision of a method and apparatus whereby minerals ranging in dens'ity down to those of theplatinum group may be separated.

Another object of this invention is the provision of a method and means whereby the I amount of medium required to carry out the separation of minerals has been greatly'reduced so that it is possible to use certain desirable media 1 which have heretofore been excluded by the cost of maintaining the large stock required, for a given hourly capacity M 5 r Ofi h s i ntio f isl hem9: appa a us -.-W.h, hy. ,t

A h rie ie l-i a t-amenqda mediuml ss is reduced to a minimum.

ect of this inVntion is v i l i e? irre rent 1 11 119 lfleei le lb l Y is r la i mi let 1 the i m. T t .pr visio bia."

7 Claims. (01. 233 -7) quired as well as the amount of separation me-" dium for a given capacity.

Another object of this invention is the pro vision of an apparatus which may be used for the separation of solids with heavy media currently in use on a commercial with some now commonly used only in laboratory tests because of the high cost of the constituents;

Another object of this invention is the provision of an apparatus whereby thelighter separated by the liquid medium are continuously discharged therefrom as well as the heavier solids within the medium.

Another object of this invention is the provision of means whereby the separation takes place in a zone where the surface density of the medium is outlet port. Thus the clear so the degree of ,is'ffeasiblje" and'n be the: feed tube at its maximum.

A further object of this invention is the provision of means for discharging both light and heavy solids from one end of the apparatus, while discharging the water and medium from the other end of the apparatus and the introduction of the solids and water at a point remote from the outlet for the water and the end of the rotor or screw at the outlet end for the water. The rotor being arranged to move the solids from said water outlet end or counter to the water flow so that any solids carried by the waterare settled out and conveyed counter to the water flow by the screw before the solids are carried to the water overflow water is relatively turbidity and analysis of suspended solids provide an ideal check on the efficiency of separator at any given rate of feed of water or solids or rate of rotation of the rotor or of the screw relative to the rotor. This counterflow of the water andmediumrelative to the separated solids permits the discharge of the solids with'a minimum of Water or medium con j 3 Another object or myQinYGfiliiQn i the pro of f. means whereby the apparatus is adapte either w" 't feeding or'idr feeding dry'sonq separator in cases where operation without;

,for the with a tube ior fe'eding 0 enre Fig. 21s a section of a portion'go a OFFICE" scale, as well as solids w. sf" hdr'awing end of the apparatus on a larger scale showing the feed pipe in position to feed wet pulp and water;

Fig. 3 is a section similar to Fig. 2 of the right hand end;

Fig- 4 is a sectional view on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a similar view on the line 55 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 isiasectional view on the line E-B of Fig. 1 ofthe cones between which a channel is formed for feeding the medium to the apparatus and the trunnion at the tapered end of the drum;

Fig. 7 is a face view of the plateto, which the cones shown in Fig. 6 are connectedyand Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view showing a" portion of the joint between the cylindrical and conical screw members.

The apparatus illustrated in the drawings comprises a standard II! at each end thereof, each having. a-bearing at its upper, end for supp rtin a cylindrical main shell Manda conical Shellie Connectedi, to" the main. shell connected thereto. is an; end plate I8 haying anhiollow' trunnion 251 forming a closure. for the one end thereof rotat ably mounted-in the hearing; at o ne'end'offthe' structureand'72'2 is an endplatesecured to small endgoi thelconioal shell ltf whichis also provided" witha hollow trunnion. 24 supp'ortedin' the hearingat theotherfendiof. the structure;

Secured toJthe endpl'ate I8 is a cup-shaped member 2-6 having alhollowstub shaft-.28 extending inwardly therefrom. Mounted'for' rotation within the shells lAtand Ifiis ad'rumtll'h'aving'a tapered endlwithinthe oonicali shell 6Q provided with. a: closed? end Slljand projecting. outwardly therefrom is a hollow trunnion, 3'21 extending through and slightly beyond-the hollow trunnion 24,011 the end plate 22, and locat'edbetween the trunnions-Bland 2.4?isa bearing 33'in which'the trunnion-.32 is-rotatablymounted.

The other end of the drumv 3.0.. closed? by a wall ta and, extending. inwardly therefrom is. a hollow bossi3 lrotatably mountedlon abearing 35. supported-:on the hollow. trunnion 2.8; A partitiorr- 40 within thedrum, together. with the end 36,-, entirely: encloses arspacev within thedrum 30 betweenthe partition 4i!- and. the end, 36, and,v

formed between-the-partition .4 0i. and theiencl wall Melisa-chamber 4- 2- for the reception ofjwet solids mbeseparated; Extending from .the end wall3 8 of the -drum are aplurality of ribs which extend over-a portion of the. cup-shaped member 26; towardssthe supporting. flange of the cup-.- shaped member: but. leaving a slight clearance space between the endsofI the ribs 44' and the flangejof .the-cupeshaped' member 26.

Suitablepacking. members. are located between the'stubshaft 28 and the bore of boss 34 as well as between the end wall 38 of the drum 30 and the-wall-of. thecup-shapedmember 26 for preventing; the-entrance ofiliquidjorr solids to the bea-ringbetween the stubflshafti 28.,and the bore oflboss 34;,

Thelmaj'or. portion of; the, annular wall of the cup-shapedlmember it between" the end wall and the flangevsecuredlto endplatej I8-is cut away leaving aplurality'ofrib's 48'betwee'n which are formed feed. openings for deliveringdry solids from-the cup-shaped member 26 to the apparatus.

Mounted on the drum 301s a worm having three portions carried thereby and arranged to berotated with the drum to move'thesolids from the point of delivery to; the apparatus" towards the, conical endfithereof'to outlet ports at the conical'endof the apparatus:

The worm comprises a portion 50 welded to the cylindrical portion of the drum 30 and extending from the drum to the wall of the shell I4 as well as a portion 52 of less depth welded to p and is arranged to rotate therewith.

Outlet tubes 10 for the lighter solids are welded to the inner conical member 64 and extend through the outer conical member 66 and are welded'thereto to prevent leakage of the mediumi from an annular channelSIl between the conicalmembersfitandtbi The medium is" fedtothe apparatus through tube" is which extends into-the'innerend: ofh'o'l low trunnion" 32 to a. point close to the closediend' 36'. The medium flows from the hollow trunnion 32 to a chamber 16 in disc 68 through ports 114* and flows from chamber 15 through a plurality of arcuate ports T8 into conical channel beftween conical members 64" and B8; and is ldeliyered to the space between the drum 307 and the; shell I It at the point of the separation andrem'ov al of the light andrheavy solids.

Extending through the} hollow" trunnion? 2t at the other endof the apparatus is a' feed pipe 82 havinga screw thereinforfeedingdrysolid mate rial-into the cup-shaped member 26'".-

Extending I through end plate" I85 is' a plurality of tubes 86 through which the mediumflows from theshell I4", each tube provided withta valved outlet 88 and an inwardly directed freelyropen outlet portion 90 for maintaining thelevel offth medium at the'level aplurality ofwat'eroutlet tubes I00 also-extendthroughthe end plate I8 for maintaining the water at the level P' when" water is fed with the solids as" hereinafter described. I

A' casing H32 surrounds the separating" appav ratus-and isidivided by its end walls and p'artitions formingchambers' I 0.4; I06, I 08and I "I 0; provided with outlets 2,. I1 41,116 and H8; respec' tively, leading fromthe' chambers.

The outlet tubes 'IIlfor the lighter solids are in the plane of outlet openings 92 through the wall of shell Hi, and 94' are'outlets through" the wall of shelllfi'for the heavier solids;

The outlets I00 for the water open into. chain:-

ber I04, outlets 88'and 90 for-the medium open into chamber I06, outlets 94 for theheaviersolids open into chamber I08, while theoutlet's92' for the denser material open into chamber I I0; Connected to trunnion 32' is a pulley I20 and connected to trunnion 20 is apulley I22 somewhat larger in diameter than pulley I20 sothat when the apparatus is driven from a common shaft having pulleys of the same diameter-"(not shown) the drum with the 'worm thereon will be driven slightly faster than the shells to being separatedto their respective outlets;

Assuming that dry solids are to be separated, the apparatusis rotated at its" proper speed; me'-- dium is fed to the apparatus ata predetermined rate; the valved outlets 8E being-partially closed while continuously discharging medium through outlet's'-90'-' to maintain-thelevel of the medium at the level Mi After theleveleithe-medium-lies feed the solids of the portions 5110f the worm, the solids are slowly moved towards the conical shell [6 between the wall of shell l4 and drum 30 by the worm. During the movement of thesolids towards the conical shell, the lighter solids will float on the medium while the solids heavier than the medium will be maintained therein. When the solids reach the end of the portion 50 of the worm at the point of delivery of the medium from the annular channel 80 at the zone-where the surface density of the medium is at its maximum, the portion 52 of the worm will skim the lighter solids from the surface of the medium and con vey them along theinnerface of conical member 66 to outlet tubes Hi, through which "the solids will pass and be delivered through outlets 92 to chamber 1 ill to be carried 01f through outlet 1 I8.

The heavier solids within the medium will be conveyed along the inner face of shell It to outlets 94 and will be delivered to chamber I08, from which it is withdrawn through outlet H6. The medium which is thrown out through outlets 90 to chamber 106 is withdrawn through outlet H4 and is regenerated and returned to the supply to be delivered to the apparatus.

. When dry solids are being separated, ports lflil chamber .104.

Patent is:

sertion into the separator of thepipe for feeding solids with Water. f Another advantage results from the provision of means for delivering the medium to the me-, dium pool just below the surface thereof at'the' zone where the separation between "light and heavy solids takes place, so that density of 5 the. medium is at its maximum at said zone. 5 Another advantage results from the provision of means for positively conveying the separated light and heavy solids in one direction while the flow of the'medium and water are carriedcounter thereto.

What I claim and desire to protect by Letters 1. A centrifugal separator for separating solids comprising a shell, means for rotating' the shell, a drum rotatably mounted within the shell, means for rotating the drum in the same direction as the shell and at a different speed from the speed of rotation of the shell, an inlet for continuously delivering separating medium between the shell and the drum, an inlet for continuously delivering water and solids between the shell and the. drum, an outlet maintaining a constant level of medium between the shell and the drum, an outlet maintaining a constant level of water between the shell and the drum, the solids being separated into light and heavy annular layers by centrifugal force and the medium,'a worm carried by the drum within the shell for conveying the separated solids within the shell, the worm ,When wet pulp is to be separated, the pipe 82, I

together with the feed screw therein, is removed from the hollow trunnion 20, and a feed pipe I20 for feeding solids and water is inserted through v the hollow trunnion 20, as well as the hollow stub shaft 28 into the chamber 42 in the end of drum '30, which is'delivered to the space between the inner face of shell l4 and the outer face of the drum 30 between the flights of the portion 50 of the worm, through ports 98 some distance from the end plate 18, through which the water outlet tubes I0 0 extend, so that any solids carried by the water will settle out before the outlets I90 are reached and will be conveyed counter to the flow of the water by the worm, thus, the water overflow, will be substantially clear.

I 'The separating of wet solids or pulp is carried out in the same manner as when separating dry solids by first rotating the empty apparatus and after the speed of the apparatus for separating solids has been reached the apparatus is charged with medium, from pipe 12, water and solids are thendeliveredto chamber 42 through pipe We,

see Fig; 2L---The separatiorfis thencarried out as above.described zwiththe addition-of the continu ous discharge. "of ter' through outlet tubes forithewater; "One of the advantages of my invention results from the provi'sion= of a separating apparatus whereby solids maybe fed in dry form to the with water.

Another advantage results from thei'p rovision ofa separating apparatus in which" the only changes required for changing'from dry' 'feedingj w wet feeding (with' water) is the withdrawal from theseparator of the pipe togetherwiththe screw therein for feeding dry solids" and, the inf the speed or rotation ,of'lthefshelha a 'worm carried by thedrum,.with.

having two concentrically arranged conical p0rtionsextending from its trailing end to which the solids are conveyed by the worm, the conical portions converging toward their outer ends, a conical separating member extending between the two conical portions of the worm, the water and medium outlets being positioned to maintain the levels of the water and the medium such astoprovide concentric annuli of water and medium with the boundary therebetween lying substantially adjacent to the maximum diameter end of the separating conical member, an outlet for light solids in communication with the trailing end of the worm on the interior of the conical separating;

member, an outlet for heavy solids in communi-- cation with the trailing-end of the worm on the exterior of the conical separating member, said conical member acting to separate the heavy solids within the medium from the light solids floating on the medium, thereafter the separated solids being conveyed to said outlets by said conical portions of the worm on either side of said conical member. I

2. A centrifugal separator for separating solids comprising a shell, means for rotating the shell, a drum rotatably mounted within the shell, meansjfor rotating the drum in the sam continuously delivering, separating, In tween the shell and the"; drum, an inlet of tinuo'usly delivering water and (sojljids i, bet the shell andfthefl drum, an; outlet m intain n constant: l ver ormeamm, petween jrheehu1 he.

the drum, an outlet maintaining of water between theshell and the-drum,- the a ,con'stan l' solids being separated into reman heavy an.- nular layers by centrifugal force" and the medium;

the shell f conveying ,the'jseparatedsolids withi'n'l the, s the'wor 'mjjhaving two eeneentrmanyarra ed] conical portions extending from" its trailing'fend: to which the solids are conveyed the ens};

7 spaced conicalseparating-members extendingtbetween the two conical portions of the worm,the water andmedium outlets being positioned to maintain the levels of the water and the-medium such as to ,provide concentric annuli of water and medium with the boundary therebetween lying substantially "adj acent to the "maximum, diameter ends of the spaced conical separating members, an outlet for light solids in communication with the trailing end of the worm on the interior-of the'inner of'the spaced conical separating members,'an outlet for heavy solids in communication with the trailing end of the Worm on the exterior of the outer of the spaced conical separating members, said conical members acting to separate the heavy solids from the light solids and'thereafter the separated solids being conveyed to said'outlets'by said conical portions'o the worm, the space between the conical menu bers forming a, portion of the inlet through which the medium is delivered between the shell and the drum.

3. A centrifugal separator for separating solids comprising a shell, means for rotating the shell, a drum rotatably mounted within the shell, means for rotating the drum in the same direction as the shell and at a different speed from the speed of rotation of the shell, an inlet tube extending into one end of the separator for continuously delivering separating medium between theshell and the drum, an inlet at the other end of the separator for continuously delivering water and solids between the shell and the drum. an outlet for maintaining a constant level of medium between the shell and the drum, an outlet for maintaining a constant level of water between the shell and the drum and through which tails carried by the water are discharged, the solids being separated into light and heavy annular layers by centrifugal force and the medium, a Worm carried by the drum within the shell for conveying the separated solids within the shell, the worm having two-concentrically arranged conical portions extending from its trailing end to which the solids are conveyed by the Worm, the conical portions converging toward their outer ends, spaced conical separating members carried by the shell extending between the two conical portions of the Worm, the wa-- ter and medium outlets being positioned to maintain the levels of the water and the medium such as to provide concentric annuli of water and medium with the boundary therebetween lying substantially adjacent to the maximum diameter ends of the spaced conical separating members, an outlet for light solids in communication with the trailing end of the worm on the interior of the inner of the spaced conical separating members, an outlet for heavy solids in communication with the trailing end of the worm on the exterior of the outer of the spaced conical separating members, said conical members acting to separate the heavy solidswithin the medium from the light solids floating on the medium and thereafter the separated solids being conveyed to said outlets by said conical portions of the worm.

4. A centrifugal separator for separating solids, comprising a shell, means for rotating the shell, a drum rotatably mounted within the shell, means for rotating said drum in the same directtion as the shell and at a different speed from the speed of rotation of the shell, spaced conical members connected to the end of the shell for continuously delivering a separating medium between the shell and drum through the space between the conical members, an outlet for maintaininga-constant level of medium between the shell and drum, an inlet for continuously delivering water and solids to the shell, an outlet for maintaining a constant level'of water in the shell, said outlets positioned to provide concentric annuli of water and medium, the solids being separated into light and heavy annular layers by centrifugal force and the medium, an outlet for the light solids, an outlet for the heavy solids, a worm carried by the drum within the shellfor conveying theseparated solids toward their respectiveoutlets, the end of said worm being'separated into two'conical portions concentrically arranged and reducing in diameter toward their outer ends, a conical member'carried by the shell extending between the separated conical portions-of the worm for separating the heavy solids within 'the medium from the light solids floating on the "medium before the separated solids are conveyed to the outlets, said conical members at their maximum diameter ends extending substantially to the constant level of the medium and, at'their minimum diameter ends, delivering the conveyed separated light and heavy solids to their respective outlets.

'5. Acentrifug-al separator for separating solids of difierent densities comprising a shell, the shell including a substantially cylindrical portion and a conical portion, the conical portionibeing of reducing diameter toward the outer end of the shell, means for rotating the shell, a drumrotatably mounted within the shell in spaced relation and substantially concentric therewith, mea'n's'for rotating the drum in the same direction as the shell and at a speed difierentirom the speed-oi rotation of the shell, a conical separator extending between the conical portions of the shell and the drum, means for continuously delivering a separating medium to the space between the rotating shell and the rotating drum atalocation substantially at the base ofthe conical portions thereof, the medium forming a rotating annulus therein, an outlet for maintaining a constant annular level of-the-medium between the substantially cylindrical portions of the shell and the drum, said level being substantially the level of the maximum diameter end of the-conical separator, an inlet for continuously delivering solids to be separated to the space between the rotating shell and drum at substantially the cylindrical ends thereof, the solids being separated into light and heavy annular layers by centrifugalforceand the medium, a Worm conveyor carried by the drum for conveying the separated solids toward the base of the conical portion of the shell and to a location adjacent to the base of the conical separator, a worm conveyor for conveying the light annular layer of solids to a point of discharge within and substantially adjacent to the reduced diameter end of the conical separator and internally of the conicalseparator, and a worm conveyor for conveying the heavy annular layer of solids to a point of discharge within and substantially adjacent to the reduced. diameter end oftthe shell'and externally'of the conical separa or.

6. A centrifugal separatorfor separating solids of different densities comprising a shell, the shell including a substantially cylindrical portion and a conical portion, the conical portion being of reducing diameter toward the outer end of the shell, means for rotating the shell, a drum rotatably "mounted within the shell in spaced relation and substantially concentric therewith, means for rotating the drum in the same direction as the shell. and at a speed different from the speed of rotation of the shell, pair of spaced conical members extending between the conical portions of the shell and the drum, means for continuously delivering a separating medium to the space between the pair of spaced conical members through which it passes to the space between the rotating shell and the rotating drum at a location substantially at the base of the conical portions thereof, the medium forming a rotating annulus within the shell, an outlet for maintaining a constant annular level of the medium betweenthe substantially cylindrical portions of the shell and the drum, said level being substantially the level of the maximum diameter end of the conica1 separator, an inlet for continuously delivering solids to be separated to the space between the rotating shell and drum at substantially the cylindrical ends thereof, the solids being separated intov light and heavy annular layers by centrifugal force and the medium, a worm conveyor carried by the drum for conveying the separated solids toward the base of the conical portion of the shell and to a location adjacent to the base of the conical members, a worm conveyor for convey-ingthe light annular layer of solids to a'point of. discharge within and substantially adjacent to'the reduced diameter end of the conical members and internally of the internal conical member, and a worm conveyor for conveying the heavy annular layer of solids to a point of discharge within and substantially adjacent to the reduced diameter end of the shell and externally of the external conical member.

7. A centrifugal separator for separating solids of different densities comprising a shell, the shell including a substantially cylindrical portion and a conical portion, the conical portion being of reducing diameter toward the outer end of the shell, means for rotating the shell, a drum rotatably mounted within the shell in spaced relation and substantially concentric therewith, means for rotating the drum in the same direction as the shell and at a speed different from the speed of rotation of the shell, a pair of spaced conical members extending between the conical portions of the shell and the drum, means for continuously delivering a separating medium to the space between the pair of spaced conical members through which it passes to the space between the rotating 10 shell and the rotating drum at a location substantially at the base of the conical portions thereof, the medium forming a rotating annulus therein, an outlet for maintaining a, constant annular level of the medium between the substantially cylindrical portions of the shell and the drum, said level being substantially the leve1 of the maximum diameter end of the conical separator, an inlet for continuously delivering solids to be separated to the space between the rotating shell and drum at substantially the cylindrical ends thereof, the solids being separated into light and heavy annular layers by centrifugal force and the medium, a worm conveyor carried by the drum for conveying the separated solids toward the base of the conical portion of the shell and to a location adjacent to the base of the conical members, a worm conveyor carried by the drum for conveying the light annular layer of solids to a point of discharge within and substantially adj acent to the reduced diameter end of the conical members and internally of the internal conical member, and a worm conveyor carried by the drum for conveying the heavy annular layer of solids to a point of discharge within and substantially adjacent to the reduced diameter end of the shell and externally of the external conical member. I I

HOWARD P. RITSCH.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 750,668 Liedbeck Jan. 26, 1904' 832,191 Holzer Oct. 2, 1906 994,497 Berrigan June 6, 1911 1,055,254 Berrigan Mar. 4, 1913 1,064,184 Wels June 10, 1913 1,067,410 Dupont July15, 1913 1,158,959 Beach Nov. 2, 1915 1,232,104 Sharples July 3, 1917 1,373,219 I Beach ....1 Mar. 29, 1921 1,699,471 Laughlin Jan. 15, 1929 1,749,057 Armentrout Mar. 4, 1930 2,109,234 Keenan Feb. 22, 1938 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 291,930 Germany May 16, 1916 876,531 France Aug. 3, 1942

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