US3827428A - Bipolar electrode structure for monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like - Google Patents

Bipolar electrode structure for monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like Download PDF

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US3827428A
US3827428A US00311764A US31176472A US3827428A US 3827428 A US3827428 A US 3827428A US 00311764 A US00311764 A US 00311764A US 31176472 A US31176472 A US 31176472A US 3827428 A US3827428 A US 3827428A
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holder member
electrode
forward end
tube
guide tube
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E Hon
R Hon
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/43—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems
    • A61B5/4306—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the reproductive systems for evaluating the female reproductive systems, e.g. gynaecological evaluations
    • A61B5/4343—Pregnancy and labour monitoring, e.g. for labour onset detection
    • A61B5/4362—Assessing foetal parameters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/263—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials
    • A61B5/265—Bioelectric electrodes therefor characterised by the electrode materials containing silver or silver chloride
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/271—Arrangements of electrodes with cords, cables or leads, e.g. single leads or patient cord assemblies
    • A61B5/273—Connection of cords, cables or leads to electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/28—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/283—Invasive
    • A61B5/288—Invasive for foetal cardiography, e.g. scalp electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/344—Foetal cardiography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode

Definitions

  • An improved electrode system for monitoring fetal heartbeat includes a curved guide tube adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor, a retaining coil mounted on a holder member which is slidably disposed in the guide tube, a flexible driving tube adapted to rotate the holder member to screw the retaining coil into a fetal epidermis and two spaced electrodes which are adapted to be electrically connected to a suitable apparatus for monitoring fetal heartbeat.
  • one of the electrodes is a pointed member mounted in the holder which mounts the retaining coil.
  • the retaining coil when screwed into the fetal epidermis, maintains the pointed first electrode in piercing engagement with the fetus.
  • the retaining coil and the first electrode are one and the same structure; i.e., the first electrodev is in the form of a coil which is adapted to screw into the fetal epidermis.
  • the second electrode is spaced from the first electrode and electrical contact between the two electrodes is established by vaginal and cervical secretions of the woman in labor.
  • Driving connection between the holder member and the flexible driving tube is provided by slots in the forward end of the driving tube and fin means on the holder.
  • the second electrode is in the'form of a flat member mounted on the rear end of the holder and serves as the fin means.
  • the present invention relates to an improved bipolar electrode structure adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor, into contact with the fetus.
  • the electrode structure is designed to be operatively connected to an amplifier and a cardiotachometer for recording the fetal electrocardiogram and heart rate during labor and delivery.
  • a second type of electrode structure for recording fetal heartbeat is described in Volume 16, No. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, November 1960 edition, pages 567-570.
  • the electrode structure there described is a unipolar structure comprising a spring steel clip adapted to be closed by a sliding plastic sleeve to engage the fetal scalp or buttocks.
  • the foregoing types of electrodes are also relatively difficult to apply and remove.
  • the forcepsendoscope system requires a specially designed lighting apparatus which must be used to insure proper application of the electrode.
  • vaginal electrode structure which overcomes the foregoing problems associated with the prior art electrode structures.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved, durable, vaginal electrode structure which can be quickly and effectively applied to the fetus during a relatively early stage of labor, and which can be quickly and easily removed.
  • FIG. I is a sectional side elevational view of the forward portion of a first preferred embodiment of the electrode structure of the present invention. with the various parts thereof positioned as they would be prior to use.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the holder member, first electrode, retaining coil and the forward end of the driving tube of the electrode structure shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional side elevational view of the rear portion of the electrode structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional side elevational view showing the electrode structure of FIGS. 1-3 with a modified form of the second electrode.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are diagrammatic views illustrating the manner in which the improved electrode structure of the present invention is applied to a fetus.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a second preferred embodiment of an electrode structure constructed according to the teachings of the present invention.
  • the retaining coil serves as the first electrode and wherein the first and second ellectrodes are mounted on the same holder.
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional side elevational view of the electrode structure shown in FIG. 8 with the various parts thereof positioned as they would be prior to use.
  • FIG. 10 is a side elevational view, partly in section, showing the electrode unit rotated degrees from the position illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • the electrode structure 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 comprises a guide tube 12 having an open forward end through which a holding member 14 is movable, and an open rear end through which electrode wires 16, 18 extend.
  • the guide tube 12 is curved (see FIGS. 5-7) to facilitate insertion of the tube through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor.
  • One of the wires 16 extends through the holding member 14 and is electrically connected to a pointed electrode 20 which is preferably made of silver-silver chloride.
  • a pointed electrode 20 which is preferably made of silver-silver chloride. The desirability of using a silver-silver chloride electrode is discussed in some detail in Volume 30, No. 2 of Obstetrics & Gynecology, August 1967 issue, pages 281-286.
  • the electrode 20 is preferably crimped on the forward end of wire 16, as at 22 (FIG. 1) and soldered thereto to insure a good electrical connection.
  • An insulating sleeve 24 covers the juncture of the first wire 16 and the first electrode 20.
  • Epoxy adhesive 26 fills and seals the annular space between the insulation 17 of wire 16 and the interior wall of the holder 14, behind the sleeve 24. The epoxy 26 also covers and seals the rear end of the holder 14.
  • Epoxy adhesive is also provided in the annular space 28 between the electrode 20 and the interior wall of tube 24, in the annular space 30 between the wire 16 and the interior wall of the tube 24, in the annular space between the wire insulation 17 and the interior wall of tube 24, and in the annular space 36 between the exterior wall of tube 24 and the interior wall of the holder 14.
  • the epoxy adhesive at these locations insures a good seal from the forward end of the holder 14.
  • the forward end 40 of the holder 14 has a retaining coil'42 mounted thereon by means of a suitable adhesive 44 (e.g., epoxy).
  • the retaining coil 42 (which may be plastic, metal or any other suitable material) is provided with a pointed forward end 46 to pierce the fetal epidermis.
  • the forward end 40 of the holder 14 acts as a stopper" which limits the distance which the tip 47 of the first electrode 20 can travel into the fetus.
  • the distance between the pointed end 46 of the retaining coil 42 and the forward end 40 of the holder member 14 is relatively small (e.g., about 1/16 of an inch).
  • the rear portion 49 of the holder member 14 is provided with a pluralityof radially outwardly extending, circumferentially spaced wings or fins 50, 50, 50, 50, which are adapted to be releasably engaged by circumferentially spaced slots52, 52, 52, 52, in the forward end 53 of a flexible driving I tube 54.
  • a silver-silver chloride electrode coil 60 is crimped (as at 62, FIG. 1) and soldered onto the forward end of the second conductor. 18.
  • the coil 20 is the second electrode in the system and also functions to hold the conductors 16, 18 adjacent to one another.
  • a plastic insulating sleeve 64 is provided around the juncture of the electrode coil 60 and the second conductor 18 to eliminate or minimize any electrical noise which otherwise might be created if the juncture of the conductor 18 and the electrode coil 60 were exposed to vaginal fluids when the system is in use.
  • Epoxy adhesive is preferably provided between the interior wall of the insulating sleeve 64 and the rear end of the coil electrode 60 to seal the forward end of the insulating sleeve.
  • Epoxy adhesive is also preferably provided between the conductor 18 and .the interior wall of the insulating sleeve 64 (as at 66, FIG. 1), and between the interior wall of the insulating sleeve 64 and the insulation cover 19 on the second conductor 18 to seal these junctures.
  • FIG. 4 an alternative structure for the second electrode is shown.
  • the second electrode 160 is in the form of a sleeve which is crimped and soldered onto the forward end of the second conductor 18 and an insulating sleeve 164 encloses both of the conductors 16, 18.
  • Epoxy adhesive is preferably provided in the FIG. 4 structure to seal the juncture between the electrode sleeve 160 and the conductor 18 from vaginal fluids.
  • the electrode structure 10 of the present invention is packaged so that the retaining coil 42 and the first electrode 20 are well behind the forward end of the guide tube 12, thereby protecting the retaining coil and electrode from damage prior to use.
  • the rear ends of the wires 16, 18 are folded back and inserted between the rear end of the curved guide tube 12 and the rear portion of the flexible driving tube 54.
  • a wedge (FIGS. 5 and 7) may be inserted in the rear end of the driving tube 54 to prevent relative sliding movement between the flexible driving tube and the wires 16, 18.
  • the doctor inserts the forward end of the curved guide tube through the mothers vagina 82 and cervix 84 until the forward end of the guide tube makes contact with the fetal head 86 (or other portion of the fetus), as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the doctor then removes the folded-back ends of the wires 16, 18 from between the rear ends of the guide tube 12 and the driving tube 54 to permit relative sliding movement between these tubes.
  • the doctor While holding the forward end of the guide tube 12 stationary, the doctor then pushes the rear end of the flexible driving tube 54 forwardly until the retaining coil 42 makes contact with the fetal epidermis (FIG. 6).
  • An indicator mark 88 (FIGS. 5-7) may be provided on the driving tube 54 to visually warn the doctor when the retaining coil 42 has passed beyond the forward end of the guide tube 12.
  • the flexible driving tube 54 e.g., about one full turn
  • the flexible driving tube 54 permits it to slide and rotate in the curved guide tube 12.
  • the wedge 80 is then removed from the rear end of the driving tube 54 to permit relative sliding movement between the wires 16, 18 and the driving tube.
  • the doctor then removes his fingers from the mothers vagina 82, grasps the outer ends of the driving tube and the guide tube, and slides these tubes (as a unit) off of the wires 16, 18 leaving only the electrodes 20 and 60, and the very thin wires'l6, 18 within the mother.
  • the outer ends of the wires l6, 18 are then connected to suitable apparatus (not shown) for monitoring fetal heartbeat.
  • FIGS. 8-10 illustrate a second preferred embodiment of the electrode structure of the present invention wherein the first electrode serves as the retaining coil and the second electrode is mounted on the holder member and serves as the fin means which cooperates with the slots in the forward end of the flexible driving tube to provide the driving connection between the holder and the driving tube.
  • the electrode structure 210 comprises a curved guide tube 212 having an open forward end through which a holder member 214 is adapted to pass.
  • the holder member 214 has a spiral electrode 220 mounted in its forward end and a generally flat electrode 222 mounted in its rear end.
  • a first electrode wire 216 extends through the rear end of the holder member 214 and is electrically connected to the rear end of spiral electrode 220.
  • a second electrode wire 218 also extends through the rear end of holder member 214 and is electrically connected to the forward end of the second electrode 222.
  • Both electrodes, 220 and 222 are preferably constructed of stainless-steel and are soldered to their re spective electrode wires, 216 and 218.
  • the holder member 214 is made of an insulative material, such as plastic, and electrically isolates the electrodes 220 and 222 from one another.
  • a flexible driving tube 254 is slidably and rotatably disposed in the curved guide tube 212 for rotating the holder 214 to screw the spiral electrode 220 into a fetal epidermis. As best shown in FIG. 8, the forward end of the driving tube 254 is provided with a pair of slots 252,
  • the electrode wires, 216 and 218, extend rearwardly through the rear portion (not shown) of the driving tube 254 and the rear portion (not shown) of the guide tube 212 for connection to a suitable apparatus (not shown) for monitoring fetal heartbeat.
  • the electrode structure 210 is used in the same manner as described above and illustrated in FIGS. 5-7 in connection with the structure of FIGS. 1-7.
  • the doctor inserts the forward end of the guide tube 212 through the womans vagina and cervix until the forward end of the guide tube makes contact with the fetal head (or other portion of the fetus) in the same manner as described above in connection with the electrode structure illustrated in FIGS. l-7.
  • the doctor then holds the forward end of the guide tube 212 stationary and pushes the rear end of the flexible driving tube 254 forwardly until the spiral electrode 220 makes contact with the fetal epidermis.
  • An apparatus for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
  • a relatively rigid, curved guide tube adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor
  • a holder member slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube
  • a retaining coil mounted on said holder member and adapted to be screwed into a fetal epidermis by rotating the holder member; monitoring means mounted on said holder member;
  • said drive tube has a sustantially uniform outer diameter throughout the length thereof, and said guide tube has a substantially uniform inside diameter throughout the length thereof; the outer diameter of said drive tube being smaller than the inside diameter of said guide tube, whereby said drive tube may be freely slid forwardly and rearwardly in said guide tube.
  • An improved electrode structure for monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
  • an elongated, relatively flexible, relatively narrow guide tube having an open forward end adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor;
  • a generally cylindrical holder member slidably and rotatably disposed within said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion;
  • a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holder member; said retaining coil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of the forward end of said holder member;
  • first electrode mounted in said holder member; said first electrode including a rear portion mounted in said holder member, and a pointed forward end ex tending through the forward end of said holder member; said pointed forward end of said first electrode terminating rearwardly of the pointed forward end of said retaining coil;
  • a first electrical wire conductor having a forward end extending through the rear end of said holder member and electrically connected to said first electrode
  • insulating means covering the juncture of said first electrode and said first electrical wire conductor
  • driving tube slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube; said driving tube having a forward end provided with a plurality of axially-extending, circumferentiallyspaced driving slots releasably engaging said driving fins on said holder member for rotating said holder member when said driving tube is rotated;
  • a second electrode slidably disposed within said driving tube, rearwardly of said slotted forward end thereof;
  • insulation means covering the juncture of said second electrical wire conductor and said second electrode
  • said first and second electrical wire conductors having rear ends extending out of the rear ends of said driving tube and said guide tube for connection to an electrical monitoring apparatus.
  • An improved electrode structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
  • a relatively rigid, curved elongated guide tube having an open forward end adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor;
  • holder means slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube;
  • a retaining coil connected to said holder means and adapted to engage a fetal epidermis
  • a flexible driving tube slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube for drivingsaid retaining means into engagement with a fetal epidermis; said drive tube having a forward end; and means on said forward end of said driving tube operatively connected to said retaining coil for rotating said retaining coil to screw said coil into the fetal epidermis;
  • An improved electrode structure wherein said electrode comprises a pointed electrode spaced from said retaining coil, and wherein said retaining coil is adapted to maintain said pointed electrode in engagement with the fetal epidermis when said retaining coil is screwed into the fetal epidermis.
  • An improved electrode structure wherein said retaining coil is mounted on one end of said holder member; fin means on the other end of said holder member; and wherein said means on said forward end of said driving tube comprises a plurality of slots releasably engaging said fin means on said holder member for rotating said holder member and said retaining coil when said driving tube is rotated.
  • An improved structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising;
  • a relatively rigid, elongated, curved guide tube having an open forward end adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor;
  • a holder member sliably and rotatably disposed within said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion;
  • a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holder member; said retaining coil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of the forward end of said holder member;
  • An apparatus for monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
  • a relatively rigid guide tube having an open forward end; said guide tube being curved to conform to and fit the angular anatomical configuration of a womans vagina and cervix so as to be adapted to be comfortably inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor;
  • a holder member adapted to be slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end and a rear end;
  • an electrode coil mounted on said forward end of said holder member and being adapted to be screwed into an epidermis when said holder member is rotated; said electrode coil having a pointed forward end adapted to pierce an epidermis;
  • a flexible driving tube adapted to be slidably and rotatably disposed in said curved guide tube for selectively moving and rotating said holder member and said electrode coil; said driving tube having a forward end;
  • said holder member comprising insulating material electrically insulating said first and second electrodes from one .another.
  • said second electrode comprises a generally flat mem ber
  • said cooperating drive means comprises slots in the forward end of said driving tube and a portion of said flat second electrode.
  • An improved structure for use in monitoring fetal a relatively rigid, elongated guide tube having an open forward; said guide tube being curved to conform to and fit the angular anatomical configuration of a womans vagina and cervix so as to be adapted to be comfortably inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor;
  • a holder member slidably and rotatably disposed within said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion;
  • a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holder member; said retaining coil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of the forward end of said holder member;
  • cooperating engaging means on said rear end of said holder member and the forward end of said driving tube comprise fin means on one of said holder member or said driving tube and slots in the other of said holder member or said driving tube.
  • An improved structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
  • a relatively rigid, elongated guide tube having an open forward; said guide tube being curved to conform to and fit the angular anatomical configuration of a womans vagina and cervix so as to be adapted to be comfortably inserted through the vagina and the cervix of a woman in labor;
  • a holder member slidably and rotatably disposed within said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion;
  • a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holdermember; said retainingcoil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of 0 the forward end of said holder member;
  • an elongated, relatively flexible driving tube slidably means defining slots in the forward end of said driving tube for releasably engaging said fin means and rotating said holder member and said retaining coil by rotating said driving tube; the portions of the forward end of said driving tube between said slots being relatively soft and flexible to establish a relatively loose connection with said fin means so that the forward end of said driving tube will slip around said fin means on the rear end portion of said holder member when the holder member meets with a predetermined amount of resistance to rotation.
  • An apparatus for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
  • a retaining coil mounted on said holder member and adapted to be screwed into a fetal epidermis by rotating the holder member;
  • An improved electrode structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
  • a retaining coil connected to said holder means and adapted to engage a fetal epidermis
  • a driving tube for driving said retaining means into engagement with a fetal epidermis; said drive tube having a forward end; and slots in said forward end of said driving tube operatively connected to said fin means on said holder means for rotating said holder means and said retaining coil to screw said coil into a fetal epidermis;
  • An improved structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
  • a relatively rigid, elongated outer tube having an open forward end adapted to be inserted throughthe vagina and cervix of a woman in labor;
  • a holder member slidably and rotatably disposed within said outer tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion;
  • a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holder member; said retaining coil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of the forward end of said holder member;
  • tin means on said holder member and slots in the forward end portion of said driving tube for rotating said holder member and said retaining coil by rotating said driving tubej

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Abstract

An improved electrode system for monitoring fetal heartbeat includes a curved guide tube adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor, a retaining coil mounted on a holder member which is slidably disposed in the guide tube, a flexible driving tube adapted to rotate the holder member to screw the retaining coil into a fetal epidermis and two spaced electrodes which are adapted to be electrically connected to a suitable apparatus for monitoring fetal heartbeat. In the first disclosed embodiment of the invention one of the electrodes is a pointed member mounted in the holder which mounts the retaining coil. The retaining coil, when screwed into the fetal epidermis, maintains the pointed first electrode in piercing engagement with the fetus. In the second disclosed embodiment the retaining coil and the first electrode are one and the same structure; i.e., the first electrode is in the form of a coil which is adapted to screw into the fetal epidermis. In both of the embodiments disclosed the second electrode is spaced from the first electrode and electrical contact between the two electrodes is established by vaginal and cervical secretions of the woman in labor. Driving connection between the holder member and the flexible driving tube is provided by slots in the forward end of the driving tube and fin means on the holder. In the second embodiment disclosed the second electrode is in the form of a flat member mounted on the rear end of the holder and serves as the fin means.

Description

United States Patent [191 Hon et al.
[451 Aug. 6, 1974 [76] Inventors: Edward H. Hon; Robert W. Hon,
both of 11 Bradbury Hills Rd., Bradbury, Calif. 91010 [22] Filed: Dec. 4, 1972 [2]] Appl. No.: 311,764
Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. l08,034, Jan. 20,
[52] US. Cl. l28/2.06 E, 128/418, l28/DIG. 4
[5]] Int. Cl A6lb 5/04 [58] Field Of Search 128/206 E, 2.06 R, 2.1 E, 'l28/DlG. 4, 404, 418
[ 56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,087,486 4/1963 Kilpatrick l28/2.l E
3,420,223 l/l969 Day et a1 128/206 E 3,472,234 l0/l969 Tachick 128/418 3,580,242 5/l97l LaCrOiX 128/206 E 3,750,650 8/1973 Ruttgers 128/206 E Primary ExaminerWilliam E. Kamm [57] ABSTRACT An improved electrode system for monitoring fetal heartbeat includes a curved guide tube adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor, a retaining coil mounted on a holder member which is slidably disposed in the guide tube, a flexible driving tube adapted to rotate the holder member to screw the retaining coil into a fetal epidermis and two spaced electrodes which are adapted to be electrically connected to a suitable apparatus for monitoring fetal heartbeat. in the first disclosed embodiment of the invention one of the electrodes is a pointed member mounted in the holder which mounts the retaining coil. The retaining coil, when screwed into the fetal epidermis, maintains the pointed first electrode in piercing engagement with the fetus. In the second disclosed embodiment the retaining coil and the first electrode are one and the same structure; i.e., the first electrodev is in the form of a coil which is adapted to screw into the fetal epidermis. In both of the embodiments disclosed the second electrode is spaced from the first electrode and electrical contact between the two electrodes is established by vaginal and cervical secretions of the woman in labor. Driving connection between the holder member and the flexible driving tube is provided by slots in the forward end of the driving tube and fin means on the holder. In the second embodiment disclosed the second electrode is in the'form of a flat member mounted on the rear end of the holder and serves as the fin means.
26- Claims, 10 Drawing Figures BIPOLAR ELECTRODE STRUCTURE FOR MONITORING FETAL HEARTBEAT AND THE LIKE This application is a continuation-in-part of US. Pat. application Ser. No. 108,034, filed Jan. 20, 1971.
The present invention relates to an improved bipolar electrode structure adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor, into contact with the fetus. The electrode structure is designed to be operatively connected to an amplifier and a cardiotachometer for recording the fetal electrocardiogram and heart rate during labor and delivery.
It has long been recognized that monitoring fetal heartbeat is a most important procedure during the conduct of labor. Various typesof methods and apparatuses for performing this monitoring function have been designed in recent years. The most successful and practical techniques are those employing electrodes which are attached to the fetus.
One such technique is described in Volume 35, No. 1, of Obstetrics and Gynecology, January 1970 issue, pages 1 1 1-1 13. The technique there described utilizes a vaginal endoscope and specially designed forceps to apply a silver electrode to the fetal scalp.
A second type of electrode structure for recording fetal heartbeat is described in Volume 16, No. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, November 1960 edition, pages 567-570. The electrode structure there described is a unipolar structure comprising a spring steel clip adapted to be closed by a sliding plastic sleeve to engage the fetal scalp or buttocks.
The foregoing electrode structures give rise to several problems which the structure of the present invention is designed to overcome. Both the forcepsendoscope and the sliding sleeve-clip types of electrodes cannot be applied until the mothers cervix has dilated to about 2.0 cm, and thus cannot ordinarily be applied during the very early stages of labor.
Another disadvantage associated with the foregoing types of electrodes is that both include clips which must be squeezed onto the fetal epidermis. These clips are extremely thin and brittle and are often cracked or damaged by mechanical stresses during application. Such cracks create electrical noise in theelectrocardiogram system during the fetal heartbeat monitoring operation, and thus interfere with such monitoring studies. 1
The foregoing types of electrodes are also relatively difficult to apply and remove. The forcepsendoscope system requires a specially designed lighting apparatus which must be used to insure proper application of the electrode.
In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to provide a vaginal electrode structure which overcomes the foregoing problems associated with the prior art electrode structures.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved, durable, vaginal electrode structure which can be quickly and effectively applied to the fetus during a relatively early stage of labor, and which can be quickly and easily removed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is a sectional side elevational view of the forward portion of a first preferred embodiment of the electrode structure of the present invention. with the various parts thereof positioned as they would be prior to use.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the holder member, first electrode, retaining coil and the forward end of the driving tube of the electrode structure shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a sectional side elevational view of the rear portion of the electrode structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 4 is a sectional side elevational view showing the electrode structure of FIGS. 1-3 with a modified form of the second electrode.
FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are diagrammatic views illustrating the manner in which the improved electrode structure of the present invention is applied to a fetus.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a second preferred embodiment of an electrode structure constructed according to the teachings of the present invention,
wherein the retaining coil serves as the first electrode and wherein the first and second ellectrodes are mounted on the same holder.
FIG. 9 is a sectional side elevational view of the electrode structure shown in FIG. 8 with the various parts thereof positioned as they would be prior to use.
FIG. 10 is a side elevational view, partly in section, showing the electrode unit rotated degrees from the position illustrated in FIG. 9.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT OF FIGS. l-7
Referring now to the drawings, the electrode structure 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 comprises a guide tube 12 having an open forward end through which a holding member 14 is movable, and an open rear end through which electrode wires 16, 18 extend. The guide tube 12 is curved (see FIGS. 5-7) to facilitate insertion of the tube through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor.
One of the wires 16 extends through the holding member 14 and is electrically connected to a pointed electrode 20 which is preferably made of silver-silver chloride. The desirability of using a silver-silver chloride electrode is discussed in some detail in Volume 30, No. 2 of Obstetrics & Gynecology, August 1967 issue, pages 281-286. The electrode 20 is preferably crimped on the forward end of wire 16, as at 22 (FIG. 1) and soldered thereto to insure a good electrical connection.
An insulating sleeve 24 covers the juncture of the first wire 16 and the first electrode 20. Epoxy adhesive 26 fills and seals the annular space between the insulation 17 of wire 16 and the interior wall of the holder 14, behind the sleeve 24. The epoxy 26 also covers and seals the rear end of the holder 14.
Epoxy adhesive is also provided in the annular space 28 between the electrode 20 and the interior wall of tube 24, in the annular space 30 between the wire 16 and the interior wall of the tube 24, in the annular space between the wire insulation 17 and the interior wall of tube 24, and in the annular space 36 between the exterior wall of tube 24 and the interior wall of the holder 14. The epoxy adhesive at these locations insures a good seal from the forward end of the holder 14.
The forward end 40 of the holder 14 has a retaining coil'42 mounted thereon by means of a suitable adhesive 44 (e.g., epoxy). The retaining coil 42 (which may be plastic, metal or any other suitable material) is provided with a pointed forward end 46 to pierce the fetal epidermis. When the holding member 14 and the retaining coil 42 are rotated the retaining coil will screw into the fetus and bring the first electrode 20 into engagement with the fetal epidermis with the pointed tip 47 piercing the epidermis. The forward end 40 of the holder 14 acts as a stopper" which limits the distance which the tip 47 of the first electrode 20 can travel into the fetus. The distance between the pointed end 46 of the retaining coil 42 and the forward end 40 of the holder member 14 is relatively small (e.g., about 1/16 of an inch).
As best shown in FIG. 2, the rear portion 49 of the holder member 14 is provided with a pluralityof radially outwardly extending, circumferentially spaced wings or fins 50, 50, 50, 50, which are adapted to be releasably engaged by circumferentially spaced slots52, 52, 52, 52, in the forward end 53 of a flexible driving I tube 54.
50 when the holder meets with a relatively slight amount of resistance to rotation. Thus, when the holder 14 meets with resistance to rotation (e.g., when the first electrode 20 has pierced the fetal epidermis and the forward end of the holder has come into contact with thefetus), continued rotation of the driving tube 54 will not drive the retaining coil or first electrode further into the fetus. This loose driving connection may be accomplished by making the fins 54 or the driving tube segments 56 between the slots 52 soft or pliable enough so that they will bend and slip relative to one another when the holder 14 resists rotation.
Referring to FIG. 1, it will be seen that the forward end of the second conductor 18 terminates within the guide tube 12 substantially behind the holder 14. A silver-silver chloride electrode coil 60 is crimped (as at 62, FIG. 1) and soldered onto the forward end of the second conductor. 18. The coil 20 is the second electrode in the system and also functions to hold the conductors 16, 18 adjacent to one another.
A plastic insulating sleeve 64 is provided around the juncture of the electrode coil 60 and the second conductor 18 to eliminate or minimize any electrical noise which otherwise might be created if the juncture of the conductor 18 and the electrode coil 60 were exposed to vaginal fluids when the system is in use.
Epoxy adhesive is preferably provided between the interior wall of the insulating sleeve 64 and the rear end of the coil electrode 60 to seal the forward end of the insulating sleeve. Epoxy adhesive is also preferably provided between the conductor 18 and .the interior wall of the insulating sleeve 64 (as at 66, FIG. 1), and between the interior wall of the insulating sleeve 64 and the insulation cover 19 on the second conductor 18 to seal these junctures.
In FIG. 4, an alternative structure for the second electrode is shown. In the FIG. 4 embodiment the second electrode 160 is in the form of a sleeve which is crimped and soldered onto the forward end of the second conductor 18 and an insulating sleeve 164 encloses both of the conductors 16, 18. Epoxy adhesive is preferably provided in the FIG. 4 structure to seal the juncture between the electrode sleeve 160 and the conductor 18 from vaginal fluids.
As best shown in FIG. 1, the electrode structure 10 of the present invention is packaged so that the retaining coil 42 and the first electrode 20 are well behind the forward end of the guide tube 12, thereby protecting the retaining coil and electrode from damage prior to use.
As best shown in FIG. 5, the rear ends of the wires 16, 18 are folded back and inserted between the rear end of the curved guide tube 12 and the rear portion of the flexible driving tube 54. A wedge (FIGS. 5 and 7) may be inserted in the rear end of the driving tube 54 to prevent relative sliding movement between the flexible driving tube and the wires 16, 18.
The method of using the electrode structure 10 of the present invention is illustrated diagrammatically in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7.
With the first and second electrodes, 20 and 60, disposed within the guide tube 12, the doctor inserts the forward end of the curved guide tube through the mothers vagina 82 and cervix 84 until the forward end of the guide tube makes contact with the fetal head 86 (or other portion of the fetus), as shown in FIG. 5. The doctor then removes the folded-back ends of the wires 16, 18 from between the rear ends of the guide tube 12 and the driving tube 54 to permit relative sliding movement between these tubes. While holding the forward end of the guide tube 12 stationary, the doctor then pushes the rear end of the flexible driving tube 54 forwardly until the retaining coil 42 makes contact with the fetal epidermis (FIG. 6). An indicator mark 88 (FIGS. 5-7) may be provided on the driving tube 54 to visually warn the doctor when the retaining coil 42 has passed beyond the forward end of the guide tube 12.
When the doctor feels or sees that the retaining coil 42 has contacted the fetal epidermis 86, he rotates the flexible driving tube 54 (e.g., about one full turn) while maintaining the forward end of the guide tube 12 against the fetal head. This will screw the retaining coil 42 into the fetal epidermis and drive the pointed end of the first electrode 20 into the epidermis (see FIG. 6). It will be appreciated that the flexible construction of the driving tube 54 permits it to slide and rotate in the curved guide tube 12.
The wedge 80 is then removed from the rear end of the driving tube 54 to permit relative sliding movement between the wires 16, 18 and the driving tube. The doctor then removes his fingers from the mothers vagina 82, grasps the outer ends of the driving tube and the guide tube, and slides these tubes (as a unit) off of the wires 16, 18 leaving only the electrodes 20 and 60, and the very thin wires'l6, 18 within the mother.
The outer ends of the wires l6, 18 are then connected to suitable apparatus (not shown) for monitoring fetal heartbeat.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT OF FIGS. 810
FIGS. 8-10 illustrate a second preferred embodiment of the electrode structure of the present invention wherein the first electrode serves as the retaining coil and the second electrode is mounted on the holder member and serves as the fin means which cooperates with the slots in the forward end of the flexible driving tube to provide the driving connection between the holder and the driving tube.
Referring to FIG. 9, the electrode structure 210 comprises a curved guide tube 212 having an open forward end through which a holder member 214 is adapted to pass. The holder member 214 has a spiral electrode 220 mounted in its forward end and a generally flat electrode 222 mounted in its rear end.
A first electrode wire 216 extends through the rear end of the holder member 214 and is electrically connected to the rear end of spiral electrode 220. A second electrode wire 218 also extends through the rear end of holder member 214 and is electrically connected to the forward end of the second electrode 222.
Both electrodes, 220 and 222, are preferably constructed of stainless-steel and are soldered to their re spective electrode wires, 216 and 218. The holder member 214 is made of an insulative material, such as plastic, and electrically isolates the electrodes 220 and 222 from one another.
A flexible driving tube 254 is slidably and rotatably disposed in the curved guide tube 212 for rotating the holder 214 to screw the spiral electrode 220 into a fetal epidermis. As best shown in FIG. 8, the forward end of the driving tube 254 is provided with a pair of slots 252,
' 252 which are adapted to receive the rearwardly extending portion of the plate electrode 222. When the slots 252, 252 on the forward end of the holder 214 engage the plate electrode 222 the holder 214 and the spiral electrode 220 may be rotated by rotating the flexible driving tube 254.
The electrode wires, 216 and 218, extend rearwardly through the rear portion (not shown) of the driving tube 254 and the rear portion (not shown) of the guide tube 212 for connection to a suitable apparatus (not shown) for monitoring fetal heartbeat.
The electrode structure 210 is used in the same manner as described above and illustrated in FIGS. 5-7 in connection with the structure of FIGS. 1-7. In use, with the spiral electrode 220, holder 214 and plate electrode 222 disposed within the curved guide tube 212, behind the' forward 'end thereof, the doctor inserts the forward end of the guide tube 212 through the womans vagina and cervix until the forward end of the guide tube makes contact with the fetal head (or other portion of the fetus) in the same manner as described above in connection with the electrode structure illustrated in FIGS. l-7. The doctor then holds the forward end of the guide tube 212 stationary and pushes the rear end of the flexible driving tube 254 forwardly until the spiral electrode 220 makes contact with the fetal epidermis.
When the doctor feels or sees that the spiral electr'ode 220 has contacted the fetal epidermis, he rotates the flexible driving tube 254 while maintaining the guide tube 212 against the fetal head to screw the spiral electrode 220 into the fetal epidermis.
It is intended that the present invention be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
We claim: v
1. An apparatus for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
a relatively rigid, curved guide tube adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor;
a holder member slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube;
a retaining coil mounted on said holder member and adapted to be screwed into a fetal epidermis by rotating the holder member; monitoring means mounted on said holder member;
cooperating means on said drive tube and said holder member for rotating said holder member and said retaining coil by rotating said drive tube.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said retaining coil comprises a first electrode.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, and further comprising a second electrode mounted on said holder member and spaced from said first electrode; said holder member comprising insulating material.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, and further comprising a first electrode mounted on said holder member and adapted to contact the epidermis into which the said retaining coil is screwed.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said drive tube has a sustantially uniform outer diameter throughout the length thereof, and said guide tube has a substantially uniform inside diameter throughout the length thereof; the outer diameter of said drive tube being smaller than the inside diameter of said guide tube, whereby said drive tube may be freely slid forwardly and rearwardly in said guide tube.
6. An improved electrode structure for monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
an elongated, relatively flexible, relatively narrow guide tube having an open forward end adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor;
a generally cylindrical holder member slidably and rotatably disposed within said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion;
a plurality of circumferentially-spaced driving fins on the rear end portion of said holder member;
a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holder member; said retaining coil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of the forward end of said holder member;
a first electrode mounted in said holder member; said first electrode including a rear portion mounted in said holder member, and a pointed forward end ex tending through the forward end of said holder member; said pointed forward end of said first electrode terminating rearwardly of the pointed forward end of said retaining coil;
a first electrical wire conductor having a forward end extending through the rear end of said holder member and electrically connected to said first electrode;
insulating means covering the juncture of said first electrode and said first electrical wire conductor;
'an elongated, relatively flexible driving tube slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube; said driving tube having a forward end provided with a plurality of axially-extending, circumferentiallyspaced driving slots releasably engaging said driving fins on said holder member for rotating said holder member when said driving tube is rotated;
a second electrode slidably disposed within said driving tube, rearwardly of said slotted forward end thereof;
a second electrical wire conductor having a forward end electrically connected to said second electrode;
insulation means covering the juncture of said second electrical wire conductor and said second electrode;
said first and second electrical wire conductors having rear ends extending out of the rear ends of said driving tube and said guide tube for connection to an electrical monitoring apparatus.
7. An improved electrode structure according to claim 6, wherein said driving tube is longer than said guide tube, and has a rear end portion extending rearwardly of the reare end of said guide tube; and further comprising an indicator mark on said rear end portion of said driving tube for indicating to the user when the pointed forward end of said retaining coil approaches the forward end of said guide tube. V
8. An improved electrode structure according to claim 6, wherein said second electrode is formed in the shape of a coil, encircling said first electrical wire to hold said first and second electrical wires adjacent one another.
9. An improved electrode structure according to claim 6, wherein said first electrode is made ofa silversilver chloride composition.
10. An improved electrode structure according to claim 6, wherein said second electrode is formed in the shape of a tubular sleeve.
11. An improved electrode structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
a relatively rigid, curved elongated guide tube having an open forward end adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor;
holder means slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube;
a retaining coil connected to said holder means and adapted to engage a fetal epidermis;
a flexible driving tube slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube for drivingsaid retaining means into engagement with a fetal epidermis; said drive tube having a forward end; and means on said forward end of said driving tube operatively connected to said retaining coil for rotating said retaining coil to screw said coil into the fetal epidermis;
an electrode mounted on said holder means; and
means for electrically connecting said electrode to an electrical monitoring apparatus.
12. An improved electrode structure according to claim 11, wherein said electrode comprises a pointed electrode spaced from said retaining coil, and wherein said retaining coil is adapted to maintain said pointed electrode in engagement with the fetal epidermis when said retaining coil is screwed into the fetal epidermis.
13. An improved electrode structure according to claim 11, wherein said electrode includes at least a portion of said retaining coil.
14. An improved electrode structure according to claim 11, wherein said electrode comprises a silversilver chloride electrode.
15. An improved electrode structure according to claim 11, wherein said retaining coil is mounted on one end of said holder member; fin means on the other end of said holder member; and wherein said means on said forward end of said driving tube comprises a plurality of slots releasably engaging said fin means on said holder member for rotating said holder member and said retaining coil when said driving tube is rotated.
16. An improved electrode structure according to claim 11, and further comprising a second electrode disposed in said guide tube rearwardly of said first electrode, and means for electrically connecting said second electrode to an electrical monitoring apparatus.
17. An improved structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising;
a relatively rigid, elongated, curved guide tube having an open forward end adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor;
a holder member sliably and rotatably disposed within said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion;
a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holder member; said retaining coil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of the forward end of said holder member;
electrode means mounted on said holder member;
an elongated, relatively flexible driving tube slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube; and
cooperating engaging means on said rear end portion of said holder member and the forward end portion of said driving tube for rotating said holder member and said retaining coil by rotating said driving tube.
18. An apparatus for monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
a relatively rigid guide tube having an open forward end; said guide tube being curved to conform to and fit the angular anatomical configuration of a womans vagina and cervix so as to be adapted to be comfortably inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor;
a holder member adapted to be slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end and a rear end;
an electrode coil mounted on said forward end of said holder member and being adapted to be screwed into an epidermis when said holder member is rotated; said electrode coil having a pointed forward end adapted to pierce an epidermis;
a flexible driving tube adapted to be slidably and rotatably disposed in said curved guide tube for selectively moving and rotating said holder member and said electrode coil; said driving tube having a forward end;
cooperating drive means on said driving tube and on said holder member for rotating said holder member and said' electrode coil when said driving tube is rotated; and
means for electrically connecting said electrode coil to an electrical monitoring apparatus.
19. The apparatus according to claim 18 and further comprising a second electrode mounted on said rear end of said holder member and spaced from said first heartbeat and the like comprising:
electrode; said holder member comprising insulating material electrically insulating said first and second electrodes from one .another.
20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said second electrode comprises a generally flat mem ber, and wherein said cooperating drive means comprises slots in the forward end of said driving tube and a portion of said flat second electrode.
21. An improved structure for use in monitoring fetal a relatively rigid, elongated guide tube having an open forward; said guide tube being curved to conform to and fit the angular anatomical configuration of a womans vagina and cervix so as to be adapted to be confortably inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor;
a holder member slidably and rotatably disposed within said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion;
a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holder member; said retaining coil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of the forward end of said holder member;
monitoring means mounted on said holder member;
an elongated, relatively flexible driving tube slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide'tube; and cooperating engaging means on said rear end portion of said holder member and the forward end portion of said driving tube for rotating said holder member and said retaining coil by rotating said driving tube; said cooperating engaging means on said rear end portion of said holder member and on the forward end portion of said driving tube establishing a relatively loose connection so that the engaging means on the forward end of said driving tube will slip around said engaging means on the rear end portion of said holder member when the holder member meets with a predetermined amount of resistance to rotation. 22. An improved structure according to claim 21,
wherein said cooperating engaging means on said rear end of said holder member and the forward end of said driving tube comprise fin means on one of said holder member or said driving tube and slots in the other of said holder member or said driving tube.
23. An improved structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
a relatively rigid, elongated guide tube having an open forward; said guide tube being curved to conform to and fit the angular anatomical configuration of a womans vagina and cervix so as to be adapted to be comfortably inserted through the vagina and the cervix of a woman in labor;
a holder member slidably and rotatably disposed within said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion;
a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holdermember; said retainingcoil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of 0 the forward end of said holder member;
monitoring means mounted on said holder member;
an elongated, relatively flexible driving tube slidably means defining slots in the forward end of said driving tube for releasably engaging said fin means and rotating said holder member and said retaining coil by rotating said driving tube; the portions of the forward end of said driving tube between said slots being relatively soft and flexible to establish a relatively loose connection with said fin means so that the forward end of said driving tube will slip around said fin means on the rear end portion of said holder member when the holder member meets with a predetermined amount of resistance to rotation.
24. An apparatus for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
a holder member;
a retaining coil mounted on said holder member and adapted to be screwed into a fetal epidermis by rotating the holder member;
monitoring means mounted on said holder member;
an elongated tube for moving said holder member to bring said retaining .coil into engagement with a fetal epidermis and for rotating said holder member to screw said retaining coil into the epidermis; and
slots in the forward end of said tube and fin means on said holder member, whereby said holder member and said retaining coil may be rotated by rotating said tube.
25. An improved electrode structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
holder means having fin means thereon;
a retaining coil connected to said holder means and adapted to engage a fetal epidermis;
a driving tube for driving said retaining means into engagement with a fetal epidermis; said drive tube having a forward end; and slots in said forward end of said driving tube operatively connected to said fin means on said holder means for rotating said holder means and said retaining coil to screw said coil into a fetal epidermis;
an electrode mounted on said holder means; and
means for electrically connecting said electrode to an electrical monitoring apparatus.
26. An improved structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising:
a relatively rigid, elongated outer tube having an open forward end adapted to be inserted throughthe vagina and cervix of a woman in labor;
a holder member slidably and rotatably disposed within said outer tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion;
a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holder member; said retaining coil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of the forward end of said holder member;
monitoring means mounted on said holder member;
an elongated driving tube disposed in said outer tube;
and
tin means on said holder member and slots in the forward end portion of said driving tube for rotating said holder member and said retaining coil by rotating said driving tubej

Claims (26)

1. An apparatus for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising: a relatively rigid, curved guide tube adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor; a holder member slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube; a retaining coil mounted on said holder member and adapted to be screwed into a fetal epidermis by rotating the holder member; monitoring means mounted on said holder member; a flexible drive tube slidably and rotatably disposed in said curved guide tube for moving said holder member through said guide tube to bring said retaining coil into engagement with a fetal epidermis and for rotating said holder member to screw said retaining coil into the epidermis; and cooperating means on said drive tube and said holder member for rotating said holder member and said retaining coil by rotating said drive tube.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said retaining coil comprises a first electrode.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, and further comprising a second electrode mounted on said holder member and spaced from said first electrode; said holder member comprising insulating material.
4. The apparatUs according to claim 1, and further comprising a first electrode mounted on said holder member and adapted to contact the epidermis into which the said retaining coil is screwed.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said drive tube has a sustantially uniform outer diameter throughout the length thereof, and said guide tube has a substantially uniform inside diameter throughout the length thereof; the outer diameter of said drive tube being smaller than the inside diameter of said guide tube, whereby said drive tube may be freely slid forwardly and rearwardly in said guide tube.
6. An improved electrode structure for monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising: an elongated, relatively flexible, relatively narrow guide tube having an open forward end adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor; a generally cylindrical holder member slidably and rotatably disposed within said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion; a plurality of circumferentially-spaced driving fins on the rear end portion of said holder member; a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holder member; said retaining coil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of the forward end of said holder member; a first electrode mounted in said holder member; said first electrode including a rear portion mounted in said holder member, and a pointed forward end extending through the forward end of said holder member; said pointed forward end of said first electrode terminating rearwardly of the pointed forward end of said retaining coil; a first electrical wire conductor having a forward end extending through the rear end of said holder member and electrically connected to said first electrode; insulating means covering the juncture of said first electrode and said first electrical wire conductor; an elongated, relatively flexible driving tube slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube; said driving tube having a forward end provided with a plurality of axially-extending, circumferentially-spaced driving slots releasably engaging said driving fins on said holder member for rotating said holder member when said driving tube is rotated; a second electrode slidably disposed within said driving tube, rearwardly of said slotted forward end thereof; a second electrical wire conductor having a forward end electrically connected to said second electrode; insulation means covering the juncture of said second electrical wire conductor and said second electrode; said first and second electrical wire conductors having rear ends extending out of the rear ends of said driving tube and said guide tube for connection to an electrical monitoring apparatus.
7. An improved electrode structure according to claim 6, wherein said driving tube is longer than said guide tube, and has a rear end portion extending rearwardly of the reare end of said guide tube; and further comprising an indicator mark on said rear end portion of said driving tube for indicating to the user when the pointed forward end of said retaining coil approaches the forward end of said guide tube.
8. An improved electrode structure according to claim 6, wherein said second electrode is formed in the shape of a coil, encircling said first electrical wire to hold said first and second electrical wires adjacent one another.
9. An improved electrode structure according to claim 6, wherein said first electrode is made of a silver-silver chloride composition.
10. An improved electrode structure according to claim 6, wherein said second electrode is formed in the shape of a tubular sleeve.
11. An improved electrode structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising: a relatively rigid, curved elongated guide tube having an open forward end adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor; holder means slIdably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube; a retaining coil connected to said holder means and adapted to engage a fetal epidermis; a flexible driving tube slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube for driving said retaining means into engagement with a fetal epidermis; said drive tube having a forward end; and means on said forward end of said driving tube operatively connected to said retaining coil for rotating said retaining coil to screw said coil into the fetal epidermis; an electrode mounted on said holder means; and means for electrically connecting said electrode to an electrical monitoring apparatus.
12. An improved electrode structure according to claim 11, wherein said electrode comprises a pointed electrode spaced from said retaining coil, and wherein said retaining coil is adapted to maintain said pointed electrode in engagement with the fetal epidermis when said retaining coil is screwed into the fetal epidermis.
13. An improved electrode structure according to claim 11, wherein said electrode includes at least a portion of said retaining coil.
14. An improved electrode structure according to claim 11, wherein said electrode comprises a silver-silver chloride electrode.
15. An improved electrode structure according to claim 11, wherein said retaining coil is mounted on one end of said holder member; fin means on the other end of said holder member; and wherein said means on said forward end of said driving tube comprises a plurality of slots releasably engaging said fin means on said holder member for rotating said holder member and said retaining coil when said driving tube is rotated.
16. An improved electrode structure according to claim 11, and further comprising a second electrode disposed in said guide tube rearwardly of said first electrode, and means for electrically connecting said second electrode to an electrical monitoring apparatus.
17. An improved structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising; a relatively rigid, elongated, curved guide tube having an open forward end adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor; a holder member sliably and rotatably disposed within said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion; a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holder member; said retaining coil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of the forward end of said holder member; electrode means mounted on said holder member; an elongated, relatively flexible driving tube slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube; and cooperating engaging means on said rear end portion of said holder member and the forward end portion of said driving tube for rotating said holder member and said retaining coil by rotating said driving tube.
18. An apparatus for monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising: a relatively rigid guide tube having an open forward end; said guide tube being curved to conform to and fit the angular anatomical configuration of a woman''s vagina and cervix so as to be adapted to be comfortably inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor; a holder member adapted to be slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end and a rear end; an electrode coil mounted on said forward end of said holder member and being adapted to be screwed into an epidermis when said holder member is rotated; said electrode coil having a pointed forward end adapted to pierce an epidermis; a flexible driving tube adapted to be slidably and rotatably disposed in said curved guide tube for selectively moving and rotating said holder member and said electrode coil; said driving tube having a forward end; cooperating drive means on said driving tube and on said holder member for rotating said holder member and said electrode coil when said driving tube iS rotated; and means for electrically connecting said electrode coil to an electrical monitoring apparatus.
19. The apparatus according to claim 18 and further comprising a second electrode mounted on said rear end of said holder member and spaced from said first electrode; said holder member comprising insulating material electrically insulating said first and second electrodes from one another.
20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said second electrode comprises a generally flat member, and wherein said cooperating drive means comprises slots in the forward end of said driving tube and a portion of said flat second electrode.
21. An improved structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising: a relatively rigid, elongated guide tube having an open forward; said guide tube being curved to conform to and fit the angular anatomical configuration of a woman''s vagina and cervix so as to be adapted to be confortably inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor; a holder member slidably and rotatably disposed within said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion; a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holder member; said retaining coil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of the forward end of said holder member; monitoring means mounted on said holder member; an elongated, relatively flexible driving tube slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube; and cooperating engaging means on said rear end portion of said holder member and the forward end portion of said driving tube for rotating said holder member and said retaining coil by rotating said driving tube; said cooperating engaging means on said rear end portion of said holder member and on the forward end portion of said driving tube establishing a relatively loose connection so that the engaging means on the forward end of said driving tube will slip around said engaging means on the rear end portion of said holder member when the holder member meets with a predetermined amount of resistance to rotation.
22. An improved structure according to claim 21, wherein said cooperating engaging means on said rear end of said holder member and the forward end of said driving tube comprise fin means on one of said holder member or said driving tube and slots in the other of said holder member or said driving tube.
23. An improved structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising: a relatively rigid, elongated guide tube having an open forward; said guide tube being curved to conform to and fit the angular anatomical configuration of a woman''s vagina and cervix so as to be adapted to be comfortably inserted through the vagina and the cervix of a woman in labor; a holder member slidably and rotatably disposed within said guide tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion; a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holder member; said retaining coil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of the forward end of said holder member; monitoring means mounted on said holder member; an elongated, relatively flexible driving tube slidably and rotatably disposed in said guide tube; and fin means on said rear end of said holder member and means defining slots in the forward end of said driving tube for releasably engaging said fin means and rotating said holder member and said retaining coil by rotating said driving tube; the portions of the forward end of said driving tube between said slots being relatively soft and flexible to establish a relatively loose connection with said fin means so that the forward end of said driving tube will slip around said fin means on the rear end portion of said holder member when the holder member meets with a predetermined amount of resistance to rotation.
24. An apparatus for use in Monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising: a holder member; a retaining coil mounted on said holder member and adapted to be screwed into a fetal epidermis by rotating the holder member; monitoring means mounted on said holder member; an elongated tube for moving said holder member to bring said retaining coil into engagement with a fetal epidermis and for rotating said holder member to screw said retaining coil into the epidermis; and slots in the forward end of said tube and fin means on said holder member, whereby said holder member and said retaining coil may be rotated by rotating said tube.
25. An improved electrode structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising: holder means having fin means thereon; a retaining coil connected to said holder means and adapted to engage a fetal epidermis; a driving tube for driving said retaining means into engagement with a fetal epidermis; said drive tube having a forward end; and slots in said forward end of said driving tube operatively connected to said fin means on said holder means for rotating said holder means and said retaining coil to screw said coil into a fetal epidermis; an electrode mounted on said holder means; and means for electrically connecting said electrode to an electrical monitoring apparatus.
26. An improved structure for use in monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like comprising: a relatively rigid, elongated outer tube having an open forward end adapted to be inserted through the vagina and cervix of a woman in labor; a holder member slidably and rotatably disposed within said outer tube; said holder member having a forward end portion and a rear end portion; a retaining coil mounted on the forward end portion of said holder member; said retaining coil terminating in a pointed forward end spaced forwardly of the forward end of said holder member; monitoring means mounted on said holder member; an elongated driving tube disposed in said outer tube; and fin means on said holder member and slots in the forward end portion of said driving tube for rotating said holder member and said retaining coil by rotating said driving tube.
US00311764A 1971-01-20 1972-12-04 Bipolar electrode structure for monitoring fetal heartbeat and the like Expired - Lifetime US3827428A (en)

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US3910271A (en) * 1973-06-04 1975-10-07 Theodore C Neward Method of making a bipolar electrode structure
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US3986497A (en) * 1975-04-28 1976-10-19 American Home Products Corporation Electrode wire clamp
US3989038A (en) * 1974-11-25 1976-11-02 Neward Theodore C Fetal electrode and biopsy device
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US5105077A (en) * 1989-08-01 1992-04-14 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Laser beam scanning position detecting device having means for determining print start timing
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US5377677A (en) * 1992-10-13 1995-01-03 Graphic Controls Corporation Packaging system for a fetal electrode
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US5566680A (en) * 1995-09-22 1996-10-22 Graphic Controls Corporation Transducer-tipped intrauterine pressure catheter system
US5671736A (en) * 1995-10-17 1997-09-30 Graphic Controls Corporation Fetal electrode product with easy-to-handle connector
WO1998006323A1 (en) 1996-08-13 1998-02-19 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated Fetal pulse oximetry sensor
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US5833622A (en) * 1994-04-04 1998-11-10 Graphic Controls Corporation Non-invasive fetal probe having improved mechanical and electrical properties
US5839439A (en) * 1995-11-13 1998-11-24 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated Oximeter sensor with rigid inner housing and pliable overmold
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US20070299329A1 (en) * 2006-06-22 2007-12-27 Jonas Alexander Pologe Spring wing assembly for photoplethysmorgraphic sensor
US20080009749A1 (en) * 2006-06-22 2008-01-10 Theodore Philip Delianides Curved needle assembly for subcutaneous light delivery
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WO2021031513A1 (en) * 2019-08-20 2021-02-25 青岛光电医疗科技有限公司 Disposable spiral electrode for fetal scalp
US11622705B2 (en) 2019-10-16 2023-04-11 James Robert Balman Apparatus and method for determining physiological parameters of an infant in-utero

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Cited By (74)

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US3910271A (en) * 1973-06-04 1975-10-07 Theodore C Neward Method of making a bipolar electrode structure
US3973555A (en) * 1973-10-16 1976-08-10 Moeller Willi Electrode cell assembly for the continuous determination of ion concentrations in living tissues
US3875947A (en) * 1974-02-19 1975-04-08 James L Jula Device for screwing body tissue electrode into body tissue
US3989038A (en) * 1974-11-25 1976-11-02 Neward Theodore C Fetal electrode and biopsy device
US4144890A (en) * 1975-01-14 1979-03-20 Cordis Corporation Contact device for muscle stimulation
US4066085A (en) * 1975-01-14 1978-01-03 Cordis Corporation Contact device for muscle stimulation
FR2319385A1 (en) * 1975-04-21 1977-02-25 Medtronic Inc TREATMENT OF SPINE DEFORMATIONS
US4026301A (en) * 1975-04-21 1977-05-31 Medtronic, Inc. Apparatus and method for optimum electrode placement in the treatment of disease syndromes such as spinal curvature
FR2308383A1 (en) * 1975-04-23 1976-11-19 Medtronic Inc IMPLANTABLE CONDUCTOR, ESPECIALLY FOR HEART STIMULATION
US3986497A (en) * 1975-04-28 1976-10-19 American Home Products Corporation Electrode wire clamp
US4010758A (en) * 1975-09-03 1977-03-08 Medtronic, Inc. Bipolar body tissue electrode
FR2322582A1 (en) * 1975-09-05 1977-04-01 Osypka Peter Medical electrode for permanent positioning in muscle tissue - requiring minimum chest surgery and which remains permanently in place
US4106512A (en) * 1976-12-16 1978-08-15 Medtronic, Inc. Transvenously implantable lead
FR2392650A1 (en) * 1977-05-31 1978-12-29 Hoffmann La Roche INTRADERMAL ELECTRODES
US4149528A (en) * 1977-10-03 1979-04-17 Hewlett-Packard Company Electrode assembly for sensing heart activity
US4180080A (en) * 1977-10-03 1979-12-25 Hewlett-Packard Company Electrode assembly for sensing heart activity
EP0004785A1 (en) * 1978-04-10 1979-10-17 Edward David Hon Fetal monitoring apparatus
US4235246A (en) * 1979-02-05 1980-11-25 Arco Medical Products Company Epicardial heart lead and assembly and method for optimal fixation of same for cardiac pacing
US4299239A (en) * 1979-02-05 1981-11-10 Intermedics, Inc. Epicardial heart lead assembly
US4280510A (en) * 1979-02-08 1981-07-28 Medtronic, Inc. Sutureless myocardial lead introducer
EP0041791A1 (en) * 1980-05-29 1981-12-16 Hector Osvaldo Trabucco Percutaneous insertable electrode device for the stimulation of the heart or other organs
US4320764A (en) * 1980-06-13 1982-03-23 American Home Products Corporation Fetal electrode
US4355642A (en) * 1980-11-14 1982-10-26 Physio-Control Corporation Multipolar electrode for body tissue
US4467817A (en) * 1981-04-20 1984-08-28 Cordis Corporation Small diameter lead with introducing assembly
US4488558A (en) * 1981-06-16 1984-12-18 Innova Wiener Innovationsgesellschaft M.B.H. Birth monitor
US4644957A (en) * 1985-04-08 1987-02-24 Ricciardelli Robert H Applicator structure for biological needle probes employing spiral-shaped retaining coils
EP0258961A1 (en) * 1986-08-01 1988-03-09 American Home Products Corporation Electrode assembly
US4813425A (en) * 1987-08-26 1989-03-21 American Home Products Corporation Fetal electrode product
US5105077A (en) * 1989-08-01 1992-04-14 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Laser beam scanning position detecting device having means for determining print start timing
US5443493A (en) * 1989-09-22 1995-08-22 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Cochlea stimulating electrode assembly, insertion tool, holder and method of implantation
US5143090A (en) * 1989-11-02 1992-09-01 Possis Medical, Inc. Cardiac lead
US6671530B2 (en) 1990-08-22 2003-12-30 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated Positioning method for pulse oximetry fetal sensor
US5743260A (en) * 1990-08-22 1998-04-28 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated Fetal pulse oximetry apparatus and method of use
US5215090A (en) * 1991-03-12 1993-06-01 Hon Edward H Fetal electrode
US5123420A (en) * 1991-03-25 1992-06-23 Hewlett-Packard Company Method and apparatus for processing heart rate traces in a fetal monitor
US5257627A (en) * 1991-11-14 1993-11-02 Telmed, Inc. Portable non-invasive testing apparatus
US5265613A (en) * 1992-04-03 1993-11-30 Telmed, Inc. Portable non-invasive testing apparatus with logarithmic amplification
US5284141A (en) * 1992-07-31 1994-02-08 Eibling David L Electrode emplacement apparatus for amniotomy and fetal monitoring and method of use
US5377677A (en) * 1992-10-13 1995-01-03 Graphic Controls Corporation Packaging system for a fetal electrode
WO1994021325A1 (en) * 1993-03-15 1994-09-29 Medtronic, Inc. Rf lead fixation
US5388579A (en) * 1993-09-23 1995-02-14 Graphic Controls Corporation Fetal electrode product with channeled drive mechanism and improved torque characteristics
US5411024A (en) * 1993-12-15 1995-05-02 Corometrics Medical Systems, Inc. Fetal pulse oximetry sensor
US5665477A (en) * 1994-04-04 1997-09-09 Graphic Controls Corporation Hydrogel adhesive for attaching medical device to patient
US5833622A (en) * 1994-04-04 1998-11-10 Graphic Controls Corporation Non-invasive fetal probe having improved mechanical and electrical properties
US5474065A (en) * 1994-04-04 1995-12-12 Graphic Controls Corporation Non-invasive fetal probe
US5522874A (en) * 1994-07-28 1996-06-04 Gates; James T. Medical lead having segmented electrode
US5522875A (en) * 1994-07-28 1996-06-04 Medtronic, Inc. Medical electrical lead system having a torque transfer stylet
US5566680A (en) * 1995-09-22 1996-10-22 Graphic Controls Corporation Transducer-tipped intrauterine pressure catheter system
US5671736A (en) * 1995-10-17 1997-09-30 Graphic Controls Corporation Fetal electrode product with easy-to-handle connector
US5839439A (en) * 1995-11-13 1998-11-24 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated Oximeter sensor with rigid inner housing and pliable overmold
WO1998006323A1 (en) 1996-08-13 1998-02-19 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated Fetal pulse oximetry sensor
US5776058A (en) * 1996-08-13 1998-07-07 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated Pressure-attached presenting part fetal pulse oximetry sensor
WO1998015223A1 (en) 1996-10-10 1998-04-16 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated Pulse oximeter sensor with articulating head
WO1998017345A1 (en) 1996-10-22 1998-04-30 Medtronic, Inc. Temporary transvenous endocardial lead
US5851226A (en) * 1996-10-22 1998-12-22 Medtronic, Inc. Temporary transvenous endocardial lead
EP2087839A3 (en) * 1997-06-17 2009-10-21 Respironics, Inc. Fetal oximetry system and sensor
US6151520A (en) * 1999-01-26 2000-11-21 Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc. Connector for fetal probe
US6363272B1 (en) 1999-01-26 2002-03-26 Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc. Connector for fetal probe
US6356778B1 (en) 2000-03-08 2002-03-12 Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc. Connector assembly for fetal scalp electrode
WO2001089626A1 (en) 2000-05-25 2001-11-29 Medtronic, Inc. Introducer system for medical electrical lead
US6662043B1 (en) 2000-08-03 2003-12-09 Ge Marquette Medical Systems, Inc. Heart beat coincidence detection
WO2002022009A1 (en) * 2000-09-13 2002-03-21 Neoventa Medical Ab Fetal scalp electrode
US20040015066A1 (en) * 2000-09-13 2004-01-22 Rosen Karl G. Fetal scalp electrode
US7336985B2 (en) 2003-10-02 2008-02-26 Clinical Innovations, Llc Fetal heart rate electrode assembly, connector for same, cable assembly, system, and methods of use
US20050137486A1 (en) * 2003-10-02 2005-06-23 Wallace Wm. D. Fetal heart rate electrode assembly, connector for same, cable assembly, system, and methods of use
US20080009749A1 (en) * 2006-06-22 2008-01-10 Theodore Philip Delianides Curved needle assembly for subcutaneous light delivery
US20070299329A1 (en) * 2006-06-22 2007-12-27 Jonas Alexander Pologe Spring wing assembly for photoplethysmorgraphic sensor
US8078251B2 (en) 2006-06-22 2011-12-13 Kestrel Labs, Inc. Spring wing assembly for photoplethysmorgraphic sensor
WO2010089133A1 (en) 2009-02-06 2010-08-12 Neoventa Medical Ab Fetal electrode assembly and fetal electrode
WO2010089134A1 (en) 2009-02-06 2010-08-12 Neoventa Medical Ab Single-use connection system for a fetal electrode
US8600473B2 (en) 2009-02-06 2013-12-03 Neoventa Medical Ab Fetal electrode assembly and fetal electrode
US8827752B2 (en) 2009-02-06 2014-09-09 Neoventa Medical Ab Single use connection system for a fetal electrode
WO2021031513A1 (en) * 2019-08-20 2021-02-25 青岛光电医疗科技有限公司 Disposable spiral electrode for fetal scalp
US11622705B2 (en) 2019-10-16 2023-04-11 James Robert Balman Apparatus and method for determining physiological parameters of an infant in-utero

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