WO2012053261A1 - エチレン系重合体粒子の製造方法ならびに該エチレン系重合体粒子から得られる延伸成形体 - Google Patents
エチレン系重合体粒子の製造方法ならびに該エチレン系重合体粒子から得られる延伸成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012053261A1 WO2012053261A1 PCT/JP2011/066195 JP2011066195W WO2012053261A1 WO 2012053261 A1 WO2012053261 A1 WO 2012053261A1 JP 2011066195 W JP2011066195 W JP 2011066195W WO 2012053261 A1 WO2012053261 A1 WO 2012053261A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/72—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44
- C08F4/74—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44 selected from refractory metals
- C08F4/76—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44 selected from refractory metals selected from titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium or tantalum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
- B29K2023/0658—PE, i.e. polyethylene characterised by its molecular weight
- B29K2023/0666—ULMWPE, i.e. ultra low molecular weight polyethylene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/50—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides selected from alkaline earth metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper or silver
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/52—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides selected from boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium or rare earths
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a production method capable of obtaining ultrahigh molecular weight ethylene polymer particles having excellent stretch moldability and further obtaining the particles with good industrial handling.
- the present invention also relates to a stretch-molded product manufactured using the particles, preferably a stretch-molded product manufactured by a solid phase stretch molding method.
- the so-called ultra-high molecular weight ethylene polymer with extremely high molecular weight is superior in impact resistance, wear resistance, chemical resistance, strength, etc. compared to general-purpose ethylene polymers, and is an excellent feature as an engineering plastic. have.
- ultrahigh molecular weight ethylene polymers are said to be difficult to perform melt molding, which is a general resin molding method, because of their high molecular weight.
- melt molding which is a general resin molding method, because of their high molecular weight.
- a method for molding an ultrahigh molecular weight ethylene polymer a method in which an ultrahigh molecular weight ethylene polymer is dissolved in a solvent, or ultrahigh molecular weight ethylene polymer particles are pressed at a temperature below the melting point.
- a solid-phase stretch molding method has been developed, in which the film is stretched after the stretching.
- Patent Document 1 is obtained using the post metallocene catalyst ([3-t-Bu-2-O—C 6 H 3 CH ⁇ N (C 6 F 5 )] 2 TiCl 2 ) described in Patent Document 2. Further, it has been disclosed that the strength of a molded body obtained by molding ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene by a solid phase stretch molding method is 3 GPa or more. However, since the polymerization method described in Patent Document 1 does not use a carrier such as an inorganic solid component for supporting the catalyst component described above, the polymer is not present on the polymerization tank wall or the stirring blade during the polymerization reaction. The phenomenon of adhesion, so-called fouling, is expected.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a production method capable of obtaining ultra-high molecular weight ethylene polymer particles excellent in stretch moldability with good industrial handling and at low cost. And to provide a stretch-molded body produced using the particles.
- Patent Documents 1 to 6 there is no example in which the fine particles and the transition metal compound in the present invention are combined, and ethylene polymer particles obtained using an olefin polymerization catalyst obtained by the combination are disclosed. There is no disclosure or suggestion that it is preferable in terms of physical properties when stretched.
- the method for producing ethylene polymer particles according to the present invention includes: (A) Fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1 nm or more and 300 nm or less obtained through at least the following two steps; (Step 1) A step of contacting a metal halide and an alcohol in a hydrocarbon solvent, (Step 2) A step of bringing the component obtained in (Step 1) into contact with an organoaluminum compound and / or an organoaluminum oxy compound, (B) ethylene homopolymerization in the presence of a catalyst for olefin polymerization containing a transition metal compound represented by the following general formula (I) or general formula (II), or ethylene and a straight chain of 3 to 20 carbon atoms It is characterized in that a linear or branched ⁇ -olefin is copolymerized to satisfy the following (E). (E) Intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] measured at 135 ° C. in decalin solvent is 5 to 50 dl /
- M represents a transition metal atom of Groups 4 and 5 of the periodic table
- m represents an integer of 1 to 4
- R 1 to R 5 may be the same or different from each other, and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic compound residue, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a boron-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, phosphorus A containing group, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group, or a tin-containing group, and two or more of these may be linked to each other to form a ring
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms composed of only primary or secondary carbon, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 5 or more carbon atoms, an aryl group-substituted alkyl group, monocyclic or bicyclic Selected from alicyclic hydrocarbon groups, aromatic hydrocarbon groups and halogen atoms of
- M represents titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- R 11 to R 18 may be the same or different from each other, and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic compound residue, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a boron-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, phosphorus A containing group, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group, or a tin-containing group, and two or more adjacent ones of these may be linked to each other to form a ring
- X 1 and X 2 may be the same or different from each other, and each represents a hydrocarbon group, an oxygen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a silicon-containing group, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom
- Y represents a divalent hydrocarbon group, a divalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a divalent silicon-containing group, a divalent germanium-containing group, a di
- the difference is preferably 4 or more.
- the alcohol is a combination of an alcohol having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an alcohol having 13 to 25 carbon atoms, or a combination of two kinds of alcohols selected from alcohols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Is preferred.
- the transition metal compound (B) in the general formula (I) M represents a transition metal atom of Group 4 of the periodic table, m is 2, and R 1 has 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a group selected from a linear or branched hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and R 2 to R 5 may be the same as or different from each other, and each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, and R 6 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 5 or more carbon atoms, an aryl group-substituted alkyl group, a monocyclic group Alternatively, it is selected from a bicyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and X preferably represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group.
- the homopolymerization of ethylene or the copolymerization of ethylene with a linear or branched ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms is preferably performed by multistage polymerization.
- the ethylene polymer particles according to the present invention are obtained by the above production method, and have an average particle diameter in the range of 10 nm or more and less than 3000 nm.
- the method for producing a stretched molded product according to the present invention is characterized by using ethylene polymer particles obtained by the production method.
- the stretch molded body is preferably obtained by a solid phase stretch molding method.
- the stretched molded product according to the present invention is obtained by the method for producing a stretched molded product.
- the method for producing ethylene polymer particles according to the present invention includes fine polymer particles obtained through a specific process as an essential component of the catalyst for olefin polymerization, so that a polymerization tank wall or a stirring blade of the ethylene polymer particles can be used.
- a high-strength molded body can be obtained.
- the present invention is a highly balanced two effects, namely, industrial advantages at the time of production of ethylene polymer particles and physical properties of ethylene polymer particles.
- 2 is an SEM photograph of the ethylene polymer particles of Example 1.
- 2 is a photograph inside the polymerization tank after completion of the polymerization reaction of Example 1.
- 2 is a SEM photograph of ethylene polymer particles of Example 2.
- 2 is a photograph inside the polymerization tank after completion of the polymerization reaction of Example 2.
- 4 is a SEM photograph of ethylene polymer particles of Example 3.
- 4 is a photograph of the inside of the polymerization tank after completion of the polymerization reaction of Example 3.
- 4 is a SEM photograph of ethylene polymer particles of Example 4.
- 2 is a photograph inside the polymerization tank after completion of the polymerization reaction of Example 4.
- 4 is a SEM photograph of ethylene polymer particles of Example 5.
- Example 6 is a photograph inside the polymerization tank after completion of the polymerization reaction of Example 5.
- 4 is a SEM photograph of ethylene polymer particles of Example 6. It is the photograph in the polymerization tank after the completion of the polymerization reaction of Example 6.
- 4 is a SEM photograph of ethylene polymer particles of Example 7.
- 7 is a photograph inside the polymerization tank after completion of the polymerization reaction of Example 7.
- 4 is a SEM photograph of ethylene polymer particles of Example 8.
- 7 is a photograph inside the polymerization tank after completion of the polymerization reaction of Example 8.
- 4 is a SEM photograph of ethylene polymer particles of Example 9.
- 2 is a SEM photograph of ethylene polymer particles of Example 10. 2 is a photograph inside the polymerization tank after completion of the polymerization reaction of Example 10.
- 2 is a SEM photograph of ethylene polymer particles of Example 11.
- 2 is a photograph inside the polymerization tank after completion of the polymerization reaction of Example 11.
- 2 is a SEM photograph of ethylene polymer particles of Example 12. It is a photograph in the polymerization tank after the completion of the polymerization reaction of Example 12.
- 4 is a SEM photograph of ethylene polymer particles of Example 13. It is a photograph in the polymerization tank after the completion of the polymerization reaction of Example 13.
- 4 is a SEM photograph of ethylene polymer particles of Example 14. It is a photograph in the polymerization tank after the completion of the polymerization reaction of Example 14.
- 2 is a SEM photograph of the ethylene polymer of Comparative Example 1.
- the ethylene polymer particles mean polymer particles containing ethylene as a main component and include ethylene homopolymer particles and copolymer particles of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin.
- the olefin polymerization catalyst used in the method for producing ethylene-based polymer particles according to the present invention (A) Fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1 nm or more and 300 nm or less obtained by a specific process; (B) It contains the transition metal compound represented by general formula (I) or general formula (II), It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
- Fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1 nm or more and 300 nm or less are obtained through at least the following two steps.
- Step 1 A step of contacting a metal halide and an alcohol in a hydrocarbon solvent
- Step 2 A step of bringing the component obtained in (Step 1) into contact with an organoaluminum compound and / or an organoaluminum oxy compound
- Step 1 is a step in which a metal halide and an alcohol are brought into contact with each other in a hydrocarbon solvent to form an alcohol complex of the metal halide to be in a liquid state.
- Step 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is a reaction condition in which the metal halide is usually in a liquid state, but is usually performed under normal pressure heating or under pressure heating.
- the temperature up to the boiling point of the hydrocarbon solvent to be used can be arbitrarily selected.
- the boiling point of the hydrocarbon solvent or alcohol to be used under pressure The temperature up to can be arbitrarily selected.
- metal halides and alcohol When the metal halide and alcohol are brought into contact with each other in the hydrocarbon solvent in Step 1, it can be carried out by ordinary stirring and mixing.
- the equipment used for stirring include publicly known known stirrers.
- Metal halides Preferred examples of the metal halides used in the present invention include ion-binding compounds having a CdCl 2 type or CdI 2 type layered crystal structure. Specific examples of the compound having a CdCl 2 type crystal structure include CdCl 2 , MnCl 2 , FeCl 2 , CoCl 2 , NiI 2 , NiCl 2 , MgCl 2 , ZnBr 2 , and CrCl 3 .
- the compound having a CdI 2 type crystal structure for example CdBr 2, FeBr 2, CoBr 2 , NiBr 2, CdI 2, MgI 2, CaI 2, ZnI 2, PbI 2, MnI 2, FeI 2, CoI 2 Mg (OH) 2 , Ca (OH) 2 , Cd (OH) 2 , Mn (OH) 2 , Fe (OH) 2 , Co (OH) 2 , Ni (OH) 2 , ZrS 4 , SnS 4 , TiS 4 , PtS 4 and the like.
- the ion-binding compound as described above may be finally contained in the catalyst, and the ion-binding compound itself is not necessarily used. Therefore, at the time of preparation of the catalyst, an ion-binding compound may be formed using a compound capable of forming an ion-binding compound and finally exist in the catalyst. That is, using a compound that does not belong to either the CdCl 2 type or the CdI 2 type crystal structure, the compound is contacted with a halogen-containing compound or a hydroxyl-containing compound during the preparation of the catalyst, and finally obtained. It is good also as an ion binding compound in the catalyst to be produced.
- a magnesium compound having a reducing ability and a magnesium compound not having a reducing ability are used as starting materials as compounds capable of forming these.
- the magnesium compound having a reducing ability include organic magnesium compounds represented by the following formula.
- X n MgR 2-n (Wherein n is 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 2, R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 21 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms) , N is 0, two Rs may be the same or different.
- X is a halogen.
- organic magnesium compounds having such reducing ability include dialkyl magnesium, diethyl magnesium, dipropyl magnesium, dibutyl magnesium, diamyl magnesium, dihexyl magnesium, didecyl magnesium, octyl butyl magnesium, ethyl butyl magnesium and the like.
- alkyl magnesium halides such as ethyl magnesium chloride, propyl magnesium chloride, butyl magnesium chloride, hexyl magnesium chloride, amyl magnesium chloride; alkyl magnesium alkoxides such as butyl ethoxy magnesium, ethyl butoxy magnesium, octyl butoxy magnesium; other ethyl magnesium hydrides, Propyl magnesium hydride Alkylmagnesium hydride such as Le magnesium hydride and the like.
- organomagnesium compounds having no reducing ability include alkoxymagnesium halides such as methoxymagnesium chloride, ethoxymagnesium chloride, isopropoxymagnesium chloride, butoxymagnesium chloride, octoxymagnesium chloride; phenoxymagnesium chloride, methylphenoxymagnesium chloride Allyloxymagnesium halides such as; ethoxymagnesium, isopropoxymagnesium, butoxymagnesium, n-octoxymagnesium, 2-ethylhexoxymagnesium and other alkoxymagnesium; diphenoxymagnesium, methylphenoxymagnesium and other allyloxymagnesium; magnesium laurate , Magnesium carboxylates such as magnesium stearate It is below.
- alkoxymagnesium halides such as methoxymagnesium chloride, ethoxymagnesium chloride, isopropoxymagnesium chloride, butoxymagnesium chloride,
- the magnesium compound not having the reducing ability may be a compound derived from the magnesium compound having the reducing ability described above or a compound derived at the time of preparing the catalyst.
- a magnesium compound having no reducing ability from a magnesium compound having a reducing ability for example, a magnesium compound having a reducing ability is converted into a polysiloxane compound, a halogen-containing silane compound, a halogen-containing aluminum compound, an ester, an alcohol, It may be brought into contact with a halogen-containing compound or a compound having an OH group or an active carbon-oxygen bond.
- the magnesium compound having the reducing ability and the magnesium compound not having the reducing ability form a complex compound or a complex compound with other organometallic compounds such as aluminum, zinc, boron, beryllium, sodium, and potassium. It may be a mixture or a mixture. Further, the magnesium compound may be used alone, or two or more of the above compounds may be combined, and may be used in a liquid state or in a solid state. When the magnesium compound having a reducing ability or the magnesium compound not having a reducing ability is a solid, it is preferably made into a liquid state using an alcohol described later. Alcohol Examples of the alcohol used in the present invention include alcohols having 1 to 25 carbon atoms.
- These alcohols can be used singly or as a mixture of two or more. Among these, it is preferable to mix and use 2 types of alcohol from the following viewpoints.
- the two kinds of alcohols are classified by paying attention to a difference in reactivity between an alcohol complex of a metal halide containing the alcohol and an organoaluminum compound and / or an organoaluminum oxy compound described later.
- the reason why it is preferable to use such two kinds of alcohols in combination is presumed as follows.
- An alcohol complex of a metal halide obtained from an alcohol having a high reactivity with an organoaluminum compound and / or an organoaluminum oxy compound is produced by a contact reaction with the organoaluminum compound and / or the organoaluminum oxy compound.
- Alcohol is extracted from the alcohol complex of the halide, and a portion that becomes the nucleus of the metal halide fine particles can be rapidly generated.
- an alcohol complex of metal halide obtained from an organoaluminum compound and / or an alcohol having a relatively low reactivity with an organoaluminum oxy compound is formed after a portion serving as a nucleus of the fine particles is formed. It is considered that the alcohol is extracted from the metal halide alcohol complex, and the metal halide is precipitated outside the fine particle nuclei, thereby forming fine particles having an average particle size defined as the component (A) of the present invention.
- the fine particles as the component (A) of the present invention can be expected to have a narrow particle size distribution despite having a small diameter, and when the by-product contamination of extremely small fine particles, for example, particles having a size such as the above-mentioned nucleus is reduced Can be assumed.
- the ethylene polymer particles to be described later are extremely susceptible to the particle size of the fine particles, if the fine particles which are the component (A) of the present invention are used as constituents of the catalyst for olefin polymerization, an amorphous ethylene polymer is obtained. It is considered that particles are difficult to generate and fouling to a reaction vessel or the like is unlikely to occur even with a nano-sized polymer.
- the difference in the reactivity of the alcohol with the organoaluminum compound and / or the organoaluminum oxy compound is due to the difference in the molecular structure of the alcohol as shown in the following (i) to (iv). Can be assumed.
- an alcohol having a relatively small number of carbon atoms is generally highly reactive with an organoaluminum compound and / or an organoaluminum oxy compound, while an alcohol having a relatively large number of carbon atoms is an organic compound. This corresponds to a low reactivity with an aluminum compound and / or an organoaluminum oxy compound.
- an alcohol corresponding to an alcohol having a relatively small number of carbon atoms in one embodiment may be an alcohol having a relatively large number of carbon atoms, depending on the type of the other alcohol. It may be certified. For example, when 2-ethylhexanol is used as an example, when 2-octyldodecanol is used as the other alcohol, it corresponds to an alcohol having a relatively small number of carbon atoms, and isobutyl alcohol is used as the other alcohol. This corresponds to an alcohol having a relatively large number of carbon atoms. Since this focuses on reactivity, no problem arises even if one type of alcohol falls into any category.
- the difference in the number of carbon atoms of the two kinds of alcohols is 4 or more in consideration of expression of the effect generated from the viewpoint of the reactivity.
- Specific combinations of alcohols include combinations of alcohols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and alcohols having 13 to 25 carbon atoms, and two kinds of alcohols selected from alcohols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Examples include combinations.
- the alcohol having 2 to 12 carbon atoms preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and is selected from ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, heptanol, and octanol. Particularly preferred is an alcohol.
- the alcohol having 13 to 25 carbon atoms preferably has 15 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 16 to 25 carbon atoms, such as 2-hexyldecanol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-octyl.
- Particularly preferred is an alcohol selected from decanol, 2-octyldodecanol, isohexadecanol, isoeicosanol, octadecyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol.
- the amount of alcohol used to bring the metal halide into a liquid state as long as the metal halide dissolves is preferably 0.1 to 50 moles per mole of metal halide, preferably The amount is 0.5 to 30 mol, more preferably 1 to 20 mol, and still more preferably 2 to 15 mol.
- the ratio of the alcohol having a relatively small number of carbon atoms and the alcohol having a relatively large number of carbon atoms is such that the metal halide is dissolved.
- the lower limit of the proportion of alcohol having a relatively large number of carbon atoms is 10 mol%, preferably 20 mol%, more preferably 30 mol%, and the upper limit is 95 mol%, preferably 90 mol%, more preferably 85 mol%.
- Hydrocarbon solvent used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and specifically, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane, and kerosene; cyclopentane, cyclohexane, methyl Examples thereof include alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as ethylene chloride, chlorobenzene and dichloromethane, or mixtures thereof.
- decane, dodecane, toluene, xylene, and chlorobenzene are preferably used from the viewpoints of solubility and reaction temperature.
- step 2 an organoaluminum compound and / or an organoaluminum oxy compound is brought into contact with the alcohol complex of the metal halide in the liquid state obtained in step 1 to precipitate the dissolved metal halide to produce fine particles. It is a process.
- Step 2 is usually performed under reaction conditions in which a dissolved metal halide precipitates, but is preferably performed at a temperature of ⁇ 50 to 200 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 20 to 150 ° C., and even more preferably 0 to 120 ° C. .
- step 2 when adding the organoaluminum compound and / or the organoaluminum oxy compound to the solution, the solution in the reactor is stirred and mixed.
- the stirring and mixing may be performed under normal stirring conditions, but may require stirring and mixing at a high speed.
- the equipment used for high-speed stirring is not particularly limited as long as it is generally marketed as an emulsifier and a disperser.
- Ultra Tarrax manufactured by IKA
- Polytron manufactured by Kinematica
- Batch emulsifiers such as TK auto homomixer (manufactured by Special Machine Industries Co., Ltd.), national cooking mixer (manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.), Ebara Milder (manufactured by Ebara Seisakusho), TK pipeline homomixer, TK homomic line Flow (manufactured by Koki Kogyo Co., Ltd.), colloid mill (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd.), slasher, trigonal wet milling machine (manufactured by Mitsui Miike Kako), Cavitron (manufactured by Eurotech), fine flow mill (manufactured by Taiheiyo Kiko)
- TK auto homomixer manufactured
- the stirring speed is preferably 5000 rpm or more.
- organoaluminum compound examples include compounds represented by the following formula (Al-1), (Al-2), or (Al-3).
- R a is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- X is a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom
- n is 1 to 3
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is, for example, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, and specifically includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, a pentyl group, Hexyl group, octyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, phenyl group, tolyl group and the like.
- organoaluminum compounds include the following compounds.
- Trialkylaluminum such as trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, trioctylaluminum, tri-2-ethylhexylaluminum; alkenylaluminum such as isoprenylaluminum; dimethylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum chloride, diisopropylaluminum chloride, diisobutyl Dialkylaluminum halides such as aluminum chloride and dimethylaluminum bromide; alkylaluminum sesquichlorides such as methylaluminum sesquichloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, isopropylaluminum sesquichloride, butylaluminum sesquichloride, ethylaluminum sesquibromide; Le aluminum dichloride, ethyl
- organoaluminum compound represented by the following formula can also be used.
- R a n AlY 3-n ( Al-2) (In the formula (Al-2), R a is the same as that in the above formula (Al-1), Y is —OR b group, —OSiR c 3 group, —OAlR d 2 group, —NR e 2 group, — SiR f 3 group or —N (R g ) AlR h 2 group, n is 1 to 2, and R b , R c , R d and R h are methyl group, ethyl group, isopropyl group, isobutyl group, A cyclohexyl group, a phenyl group, etc., Re is hydrogen, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a phenyl group, a trimethylsilyl group, etc., and Rf and Rg are a methyl group, an ethyl group, etc.)
- R a is the same as that in
- R a n Al OR b) a compound represented by 3-n, e.g., dimethylaluminum methoxide, diethylaluminum ethoxide, diisobutylaluminum methoxide, alkyl aluminum alkoxides such as diethylaluminum 2-ethylhexoxide .
- R a n Al ( OSiR c 3) a compound represented by 3-n, e.g., Et 2 Al (OSiMe 3), (iso-Bu) 2 Al (OSiMe 3), (iso-Bu) 2 Al ( OSiEt 3 ) and the like.
- R a n Al ( OAlR d 2) a compound represented by 3-n, e.g., Et 2 AlOAlEt 2, such as (iso-Bu) 2 AlOAl ( iso-Bu) 2.
- R a n Al ( NR e 2) a compound represented by 3-n, e.g., Me 2 AlNEt 2, Et 2 AlNHMe , Me 2 AlNHEt, Et 2 AlN (Me 3 Si) 2, (iso-Bu) 2 AlN (Me 3 Si) 2 etc.
- R a n Al ( SiR f 3) a compound represented by 3-n, such as (iso-Bu) 2 AlSiMe 3 .
- organoaluminum compound a compound represented by the following formula (Al-3) which is a complex alkylated product of a Group I metal and aluminum can be used.
- M 1 AlR j 4 (Al-3) (In the formula (Al-3), M 1 is Li, Na, K, and R j is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.) Specific examples include LiAl (C 2 H 5 ) 4 and LiAl (C 7 H 15 ) 4 .
- organoaluminum compounds described above trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, trioctylaluminum, diethylaluminum chloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, ethylaluminum dichloride, and diisobutylaluminum hydride are particularly preferable.
- the amount of the organoaluminum compound used is preferably 0.1 to 50 mol, more preferably 0.2 to 0.2 mol per mol of metal halide. 30 moles, more preferably 0.5 to 20 moles, and particularly preferably 1.0 to 10 moles.
- Organoaluminumoxy compound The organoaluminumoxy compound that can be used in the present invention may be a conventionally known aluminoxane, or a benzene-insoluble organoaluminumoxy compound as exemplified in JP-A-2-78687. It may be. Specific examples of the organoaluminum oxy compound include methylaluminoxane, ethylaluminoxane, and isobutylaluminoxane.
- a conventionally well-known aluminoxane can be manufactured, for example with the following method, and is normally obtained as a solution of a hydrocarbon solvent.
- Compounds containing adsorbed water or salts containing water of crystallization such as magnesium chloride hydrate, copper sulfate hydrate, aluminum sulfate hydrate, nickel sulfate hydrate, first cerium chloride hydrate, etc.
- a method of reacting adsorbed water or crystal water with an organoaluminum compound by adding an organoaluminum compound such as trialkylaluminum to the above suspension of the hydrocarbon medium.
- the aluminoxane may contain a small amount of an organometallic component. Further, after removing the solvent or unreacted organoaluminum compound from the recovered aluminoxane solution by distillation, the obtained aluminoxane may be redissolved in a solvent or suspended in a poor aluminoxane solvent.
- organoaluminum compound used in preparing the aluminoxane include the same organoaluminum compounds as those exemplified as the organoaluminum compound.
- trialkylaluminum and tricycloalkylaluminum are preferable, and trimethylaluminum is particularly preferable.
- organoaluminum compounds are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Solvents used for the preparation of aluminoxane include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, cumene, and cymene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane, hexadecane, and octadecane, and cyclopentane.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, cumene, and cymene
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane, hexadecane, and octadecane
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecan
- Cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclooctane and methylcyclopentane, petroleum fractions such as gasoline, kerosene and light oil or halides of the above aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons and alicyclic hydrocarbons, especially chlorine And hydrocarbon solvents such as bromide and bromide.
- ethers such as ethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran can also be used. Of these solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons or aliphatic hydrocarbons are particularly preferable.
- the benzene-insoluble organoaluminum oxy compound used in the present invention has an Al component dissolved in benzene at 60 ° C. of usually 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, particularly preferably 2% or less in terms of Al atoms. That is, it is preferably insoluble or hardly soluble in benzene.
- R 21 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and four R 22 s may be the same as or different from each other, and have a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a carbon atom number. 1 to 10 hydrocarbon groups are shown.
- the organoaluminum oxy compound containing boron represented by the general formula (III) includes an alkyl boronic acid represented by the following general formula (IV) and an organoaluminum compound in an inert solvent under an inert gas atmosphere. In particular, it can be produced by reacting at a temperature of ⁇ 80 ° C. to room temperature for 1 minute to 24 hours.
- R 22 -B (OH) 2 (IV) (In the general formula (IV), R 22 represents the same group as R 22 in the general formula (III).) Specific examples of the alkyl boronic acid represented by the general formula (IV) include methyl boronic acid, ethyl boronic acid, isopropyl boronic acid, n-propyl boronic acid, n-butyl boronic acid, isobutyl boronic acid, n-hexyl boron.
- cyclohexyl boronic acid phenyl boronic acid, 3,5-difluoroboronic acid, pentafluorophenyl boronic acid, 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl boronic acid, and the like.
- methyl boronic acid, n-butyl boronic acid, isobutyl boronic acid, 3,5-difluorophenyl boronic acid, and pentafluorophenyl boronic acid are preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- organoaluminum compound to be reacted with the alkylboronic acid include the same organoaluminum compounds as those exemplified as the organoaluminum compound.
- organoaluminum compound trialkylaluminum and tricycloalkylaluminum are preferable, and trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, and triisobutylaluminum are particularly preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- organoaluminum oxy compounds as described above can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the organoaluminum oxy compound used is preferably 0.1 to 50 mol, more preferably 0.2 mol, per mol of metal halide. -30 mol, more preferably 0.5-20 mol, particularly preferably 1.0-10 mol.
- the amount of the organoaluminum oxy compound used in the case of depositing the metal halide is very small compared to the amount using the organoaluminum oxy compound described in Patent Document 1 as a promoter.
- ⁇ Fine particles At least the fine particles obtained through the above steps 1 and 2 have an average particle size measured by a dynamic light scattering method of 1 nm or more and 300 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 250 nm or less, more preferably 1 nm or more and 200 nm.
- it is more preferably 1 nm or more and 150 nm or less, still more preferably 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and particularly preferably 1 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- fine particles having such a size are as follows.
- the specific surface area of the carrier is increased, so that the distance between active points during ethylene polymerization produced when (B) a transition metal compound described later is carried becomes longer.
- the distance between the active points is increased, the heat generation around the active points is reduced, the crystallization temperature of the produced ethylene polymer is lowered, and the lamella thickness is reduced. It is also possible to reduce the entanglement of the polymer molecular chains of the ethylene-based polymer to be generated.
- the resulting ethylene polymer particles are easily stretched because the crystal parts are easily crushed during stretching, resulting in a high degree of orientation. It is expected that the strength becomes higher and higher strength is developed.
- the specific surface area of the carrier is increased as described above. Therefore, when a distance between active sites similar to that of an existing carrier is secured, The amount of the transition metal compound supported can be increased, and the olefin polymerization activity per catalyst weight can be increased. Further, the monomer diffusion during polymerization is improved, and a compound that reacts with a transition metal compound (C) described later to form an ion pair, or (D) an organoaluminum oxy compound is used as a component of an olefin polymerization catalyst. In such a case, the contact probability between these compounds and the (B) transition metal compound supported on the carrier is increased, so that it is considered that active sites are efficiently formed.
- the transition metal compound used in the present invention is limited to known metallocene compounds and specific organic transition metal complex compounds such as so-called postmetallocenes as long as the intrinsic viscosity and crystallinity of the ethylene polymer particles described later can be realized. It can be used without.
- an organic transition metal complex having a so-called phenoxyimine ligand described in Patent Document 2 is particularly preferable.
- an organic transition metal complex having a structural formula such as the following general formula (I) can be mentioned as a preferred embodiment.
- M represents a transition metal atom of Groups 4 and 5 of the periodic table, preferably a Group 4 transition metal atom.
- titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, and the like are preferable, titanium, zirconium, and hafnium are more preferable, and titanium or zirconium is particularly preferable.
- a dotted line connecting N and M generally indicates that N is coordinated to M, but may or may not be coordinated in the present invention.
- m represents an integer of 1 to 4, preferably an integer of 2 to 4, and more preferably 2.
- R 1 to R 5 may be the same or different from each other, and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic compound residue, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, boron A containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group, or a tin-containing group, and two or more of these may be connected to each other to form a ring.
- halogen atom examples include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- hydrocarbon group examples include a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- a hydrogen group is mentioned. Specifically, the number of carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, neopentyl group, n-hexyl group, etc.
- the hydrocarbon group may have a hydrogen atom substituted with a halogen, and examples of the hydrocarbon group in which such a hydrogen atom is substituted with a halogen include a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluorophenyl group, and a chlorophenyl group. Examples thereof include halogenated hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon group may be substituted with other hydrocarbon groups, and examples of the hydrocarbon group substituted with such a hydrocarbon group include aryl group-substituted alkyl groups such as a benzyl group and a cumyl group. Etc.
- the hydrocarbon group is a heterocyclic compound residue;
- Oxygen-containing groups such as alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, ester groups, ether groups, acyl groups, carboxyl groups, carbonate groups, hydroxy groups, peroxy groups, carboxylic anhydride groups;
- Nitrogen-containing groups such as; Boron-containing groups such as boranediyl group, boranetriyl group, diboranyl group; Mercapto group, thioester group, dithioester group, alkylthio group, arylthio group, thioacyl group, thioether group, thiocyanate group, isothiocyanate group, sulf
- heterocyclic compound residue examples include residues such as nitrogen-containing compounds such as pyrrole, pyridine, pyrimidine, quinoline, and triazine, oxygen-containing compounds such as furan and pyran, and sulfur-containing compounds such as thiophene, and heterocycles thereof.
- residues such as nitrogen-containing compounds such as pyrrole, pyridine, pyrimidine, quinoline, and triazine, oxygen-containing compounds such as furan and pyran, and sulfur-containing compounds such as thiophene, and heterocycles thereof.
- examples thereof include groups in which a substituent such as an alkyl group or alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, is further substituted on the compound compound residue.
- silicon-containing group examples include silyl group, siloxy group, hydrocarbon-substituted silyl group, hydrocarbon-substituted siloxy group, and more specifically, methylsilyl group, dimethylsilyl group, trimethylsilyl group, ethylsilyl group, diethylsilyl group.
- methylsilyl group dimethylsilyl group, trimethylsilyl group, ethylsilyl group, diethylsilyl group.
- a methylsilyl group, a dimethylsilyl group, a trimethylsilyl group, an ethylsilyl group, a diethylsilyl group, a triethylsilyl group, a dimethylphenylsilyl group, a triphenylsilyl group and the like are preferable, and in particular, a trimethylsilyl group, a triethylsilyl group, and a triphenylsilyl group.
- dimethylphenylsilyl group is preferred.
- Specific examples of the hydrocarbon-substituted siloxy group include a trimethylsiloxy group.
- Examples of the germanium-containing group or the tin-containing group include groups in which silicon of the silicon-containing group is replaced with germanium or tin.
- the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, an isobutoxy group, and a t-butoxy group.
- Specific examples of the aryloxy group include a phenoxy group, 2,6-dimethylphenoxy group, 2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy group, and the like.
- Specific examples of the ester group include an acetyloxy group, a benzoyloxy group, a methoxycarbonyl group, a phenoxycarbonyl group, and a p-chlorophenoxycarbonyl group.
- acyl group examples include formyl group, acetyl group, benzoyl group, p-chlorobenzoyl group, p-methoxybenzoyl group, and the like.
- amino group examples include a dimethylamino group, an ethylmethylamino group, and a diphenylamino group.
- imino group examples include a methylimino group, an ethylimino group, a propylimino group, a butylimino group, and a phenylimino group.
- amide group examples include an acetamide group, an N-methylacetamide group, and an N-methylbenzamide group.
- the imide group examples include an acetimide group and a benzimide group.
- the thioester group include an acetylthio group, a benzoylthio group, a methylthiocarbonyl group, and a phenylthiocarbonyl group.
- Specific examples of the alkylthio group include a methylthio group and an ethylthio group.
- Specific examples of the arylthio group include a phenylthio group, a methylphenylthio group, and a naphthylthio group.
- the sulfone ester group examples include a methyl sulfonate group, an ethyl sulfonate group, and a phenyl sulfonate group.
- Specific examples of the sulfonamido group include a phenylsulfonamido group, an N-methylsulfonamido group, and an N-methyl-p-toluenesulfonamido group.
- hydrocarbon group examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, neopentyl group, and n-hexyl group.
- These aryl groups have a substituent such as a halogen atom, an alkyl group or alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aryloxy group.
- a substituted aryl group substituted with 1 to 5 is preferred.
- R 1 to R 5 are, as described above, a heterocyclic compound residue, oxygen-containing group, nitrogen-containing group, boron-containing group, sulfur-containing group, phosphorus-containing group, silicon-containing group, germanium-containing group or tin-containing group. These examples may be the same as those exemplified in the description of the hydrocarbon group.
- the olefin polymerization in view of giving aspects and high molecular weight ethylene polymer of the catalytic activity, of 1 to 20 carbon atoms linear or A group selected from a branched hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable.
- R 6 is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms consisting of only primary or secondary carbon, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms, or an aryl group-substituted alkyl group.
- a monocyclic or bicyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group and a halogen atom are examples of these, from the viewpoint of olefin polymerization catalytic activity, the viewpoint of providing a high molecular weight ethylene polymer, and the viewpoint of hydrogen resistance during polymerization, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms, an aryl group-substituted alkyl group, a single group.
- It is preferably a group selected from a cyclic or bicyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group, more preferably a branched hydrocarbon group such as a t-butyl group; a benzyl group, 1-methyl Aryl-substituted alkyl groups such as -1-phenylethyl group (cumyl group), 1-methyl-1,1-diphenylethyl group, 1,1,1-triphenylmethyl group (trityl group); hydrocarbon group at position 1
- An alicyclic hydrocarbon group having a C6-C15 alicyclic or polycyclic ring structure such as a cyclohexyl group, adamantyl group, norbornyl group, tetracyclododecyl group having It is below.
- n is a number that satisfies the valence of M;
- X represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, an oxygen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, a boron-containing group, an aluminum-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group, a halogen-containing group, or a heterocyclic ring.
- the halogen atom, hydrocarbon group, heterocyclic compound residue, oxygen-containing group, nitrogen-containing group, boron-containing group, sulfur-containing group, phosphorus-containing group, silicon-containing group, germanium-containing group, tin-containing group are the same as those exemplified in the description of R 1 to R 5 above. Of these, a halogen atom and a hydrocarbon group are preferable.
- the transition metal compound represented by the general formula (I) can be produced without limitation by the production method described in Patent Document 3 described above.
- examples of the transition metal compound contained in the olefin polymerization catalyst in the present invention include metallocene compounds represented by the following general formula (II).
- M represents titanium, zirconium, or hafnium.
- R 11 to R 18 may be the same or different from each other, and are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic compound residue, an oxygen-containing group, a nitrogen-containing group, or a boron-containing group.
- a group, a sulfur-containing group, a phosphorus-containing group, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group, or a tin-containing group, and two or more adjacent ones thereof may be connected to each other to form a ring.
- R 11 to R 18 the halogen atom, hydrocarbon group, heterocyclic compound residue, oxygen-containing group, nitrogen-containing group, boron-containing group, sulfur-containing group, phosphorus-containing group, silicon-containing group, germanium-containing group,
- the tin-containing group include those similar to those exemplified in the description of R 1 to R 5 in the general formula (I).
- X 1 and X 2 may be the same as or different from each other, and each represents a hydrocarbon group, an oxygen-containing group, a sulfur-containing group, a silicon-containing group, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.
- Y represents a divalent hydrocarbon group, a divalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, a divalent silicon-containing group, a divalent germanium-containing group, a divalent tin-containing group, —O— , —CO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, —Ge—, —Sn—, —NR—, —P (R) —, —P (O) (R) —, —BR— Or —AlR— (wherein R may be the same or different and is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a halogenated hydrocarbon group or an alkoxy group).
- the hydrocarbon group, oxygen-containing group, sulfur-containing group, silicon-containing group, and halogen atom are the same as those exemplified in the description of R 1 to R 5 in the general formula (I). .
- metallocene compounds as described above include compounds having structures described in International Publication No. 01/27124 pamphlet, International Publication No. 2004/029062 pamphlet, and the like.
- components (A) and (B) other than the components (A) and (B) for the purpose of performing the production method of the ethylene polymer particles with higher activity and adjusting the physical properties of the resulting ethylene polymer particles. These components can be additionally used.
- the other components can be used without particular limitation as long as the performance of the olefin polymerization catalyst containing the components (A) and (B) is not impaired.
- the compound (C) that can be used as a component of the olefin polymerization catalyst and reacts with the component (B) to form an ion pair includes an organoaluminum compound, a boron halide compound, a phosphorus halide compound, Examples thereof include a halogenated sulfur compound, a halogenated titanium compound, a halogenated silane compound, a halogenated germanium compound, and a tin halide compound.
- the organoaluminum compound used for the production of the fine particles (A) described above can be exemplified as a preferable compound.
- boron halide compounds include the following compounds. .
- Boron halide compounds such as boron trifluoride, boron trichloride, boron tribromide; Phosphorus trichloride, phosphorous tribromide, phosphorous triiodide, phosphorous pentachloride, phosphorous pentabromide, phosphorous oxychloride, phosphorous oxybromide, methyldichlorophosphine, ethyldichlorophosphine, propyldichlorophosphine, butyldichlorophosphine, cyclohexyldichloro Phosphine, phenyldichlorophosphine, methyldichlorophosphine oxide, ethyldichlorophosphine oxide, butyldichlorophosphine oxide, cyclohexyldichlorophosphine oxide, phenyldichlorophosphine oxide, methylphenylchlorophos
- These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, it may be diluted with a hydrocarbon or a halogenated hydrocarbon.
- the compounds exemplified as the component (C) preferably, trialkylaluminum, alkenylaluminum, dialkylaluminum halide, alkylaluminum sesquihalide, alkylaluminum dihalide, alkylaluminum hydride, alkylaluminum alkoxide, (Iso-Bu) 2 Al (OSiMe 3 ), (iso-Bu) 2 Al (OSiEt 3 ), Et 2 AlOAlEt 2 , (iso-Bu) 2 AlOAl (iso-Bu) 2 , LiAl (C 2 H 5 ) 4, a halogenated silane compound and a titanium halide compound, more preferably trialkyl aluminum, alkenyl aluminum, dialkyl aluminum halide, alkyl aluminum sesquihalide, alkyl aluminum Umdihalide, alkylaluminum hydride, alkylaluminum alkoxide, and more preferably trialkylaluminum and alky
- (D) Organoaluminum oxy compound Diisobutylaluminum monochloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, ethylaluminum dichloride.
- (D) Organoaluminum oxy compound that can be used as a component of the olefin polymerization catalyst has been described as the organoaluminum oxy compound used in (Step 2) when producing the fine particles (A) described above. The thing similar to a thing can be used.
- ethylene is homopolymerized or ethylene and the number of carbon atoms in the presence of an olefin polymerization catalyst containing (A) fine particles and (B) a transition metal compound as described above. 3-20 linear or branched ⁇ -olefins are copolymerized.
- the polymerization can be carried out by either a liquid phase polymerization method such as suspension polymerization or a gas phase polymerization method.
- a liquid phase polymerization method such as suspension polymerization or a gas phase polymerization method.
- the inert hydrocarbon medium used in the liquid phase polymerization method include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane, and kerosene; cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclopentane.
- Alicyclic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and other aromatic hydrocarbons; halogenated hydrocarbons such as ethylene chloride, chlorobenzene and dichloromethane, or mixtures thereof, and the olefin itself is used as a solvent. You can also.
- the component (B) is usually 10 ⁇ 11 to 10 mmol, preferably as metal atoms in the component (B) per liter of reaction volume.
- the amount used is 10 -9 to 1 mmol.
- the amount of the component (B) is usually 10 ⁇ 4 to 100 mmol, preferably 10 ⁇ 3 to 50 mmol, per 1 g of the component (A).
- the molar ratio [(C) / M] of the transition metal atoms (M) in the component (C) to the component (B) is usually 0.01 to 100,000, preferably Is used in an amount of 0.05 to 50000.
- the molar ratio [(D) / M] of the component (D) and the total transition metal atom (M) in the component (B) is usually 0.01 to 100,000, preferably Is used in an amount of 0.05 to 50000.
- the lower limit of the olefin polymerization temperature using such an olefin polymerization catalyst is -20 ° C, preferably 0 ° C, more preferably 20 ° C, particularly preferably 30 ° C.
- the upper limit of the olefin polymerization temperature is 150 ° C.
- the temperature is preferably 120 ° C., more preferably 100 ° C., and particularly preferably 80 ° C.
- the above range of the polymerization temperature is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of a balance between catalytic activity and inhibition of entanglement of polymer molecular chains.
- the polymerization pressure is usually from normal pressure to 10 MPa, preferably from normal pressure to 5 MPa.
- the method for producing an ethylene polymer of the present invention may be a so-called multistage polymerization method in which the reaction is carried out in two or more stages by changing the conditions of the polymerization reaction.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of the ethylene polymer obtained in one step of the multistage polymerization step is 2 dl / g or more and 30 dl / g or less, preferably 3 dl / g or more, 28 dl. / G or less, more preferably 5 dl / g or more and 25 dl / g or less.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] is 2 dl / g or more and 30 dl / g or less, preferably 3 dl / g or more and 28 dl / g or less, more preferably 5 dl / g or more and 25 dl / g or less.
- step b An ethylene polymer is produced, and in another step (hereinafter referred to as step b), the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] is more than 15 dl / g and not more than 50 dl / g, preferably more than 20 dl / g and not more than 48 dl / g. More preferably, the ethylene polymer is produced under conditions for producing an ethylene polymer of more than 23 dl / g and 45 dl / g or less. However, it is preferable to produce different [ ⁇ ] polymers in the step a and the step b.
- the order in which the step a and the step b are performed is not particularly limited, but if the step of producing a relatively low molecular weight ethylene polymer component is the step a, the step a is performed first. It is preferable that the step b for producing a high molecular weight ethylene polymer component is subsequently carried out.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the component produced in step a can be obtained as an actual measurement value obtained by sampling a part of the component.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the component manufactured by b process is calculated based on the formula mentioned later.
- the upper and lower limits of the mass ratio of the component (a) formed in the step a and the component (b) formed in the step b depend on the intrinsic viscosity of each component, but the component (a)
- the upper limit is preferably 50%, more preferably 40%, still more preferably 35%, and the lower limit is preferably 5%, more preferably 10%.
- the upper limit of component (b) is preferably 95%, more preferably 90%, and the lower limit is 50%, preferably 60%, more preferably 65%.
- This mass ratio is determined by measuring the amount of ethylene absorbed in each step, sampling a small amount of the resin obtained in each step and a specified amount, and determining the mass, slurry concentration, catalyst component content in the resin, etc. It can be determined by calculating the amount of resin produced.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer produced in the second stage is calculated based on the following formula.
- the polymerization reaction occurs at a catalytic active point in the catalyst component. Since the produced polymer moves away from the active site, the polymer produced in the early stage of the polymerization reaction is on the surface of the produced ethylene polymer particles, the polymer produced in the later stage of the polymerization reaction is inside the composition particles, Each is presumed to be unevenly distributed. That is, it is thought that it has the structure similar to the tree ring.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of the ethylene polymer produced in the first stage is that of the ethylene polymer finally obtained. If it is produced under a condition lower than [ ⁇ ], there is a high possibility that a polymer having a relatively low molecular weight exists on the surface of the composition particles, and it is considered that the particles are easily pressure-bonded during solid-phase stretch molding. In the present invention, since it is an ethylene polymer obtained by using the specific catalyst as described above, it is presumed that a polymer that is partially meltable is formed.
- the olefin polymerization catalyst used in the present invention is a so-called single site catalyst. For this reason, it is anticipated that the site
- the polymerization reaction of the ethylene polymer can be carried out by any of batch, semi-continuous and continuous methods.
- the ethylene polymer obtained by the batch process is considered to be more advantageous for the uniform dispersion structure because there is little variation in the ethylene polymer obtained in the first polymerization step and the second polymerization step for each composition particle. Because it is.
- the molecular weight of the obtained olefin polymer can be adjusted by allowing hydrogen to be present in the polymerization system or by changing the polymerization temperature or the polymerization pressure. Furthermore, it can also adjust with the quantity of (C) component or (D) component which exists in the catalyst for olefin polymerization.
- the olefin polymerized in the present invention includes a linear or branched ⁇ -olefin having at least 2 to 30, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms containing at least ethylene, such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene and 2-butene.
- unsaturated glycidyl esters vinylcyclohexane, diene, polyene, or the like can be used.
- diene or polyene a cyclic or chain compound having 2 or more double bonds having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 20 carbon atoms is used.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] is in the range of 5 to 50 dl / g
- the average particle diameter is in the range of 10 nm or more and less than 3000 nm
- the crystallinity is 70% or more.
- the above intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] is a value measured at 135 ° C. in a decalin solvent.
- the range of the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] is 5 to 50 dl / g, preferably 10 to 45 dl / g, more preferably 15 to 40 dl / g. If it is less than 5 dl / g, the strength of the drawn fiber is insufficient, and if it exceeds 50 dl / g, the joining of the grain boundaries of the polyolefin powder is insufficient due to pressing and drawing, and uniform drawing becomes difficult.
- the ethylene polymer particles are formed of an aggregate of fine particles, and the average particle size of the fine particles is determined by observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles of the ethylene polymer particles is 10 nm or more and less than 3000 nm, preferably 10 nm or more and less than 2000 nm, more preferably 10 nm or more and less than 1000 nm. Since the ethylene polymer particles having such a structure having an average particle size range have a large specific surface area, the contact area becomes wide when the ethylene polymer particles are brought into contact with each other. Bonding between the particles becomes easy to occur. As a result, interfacial fracture between the particles hardly occurs at the time of stretching, and molding at a high stretching ratio becomes possible.
- the ethylene polymer particles are formed from an aggregate of microparticles, so that a uniform crimping history is received at the time of crimping and a uniform structure with few defects is obtained. Can be formed. As a result, breakage due to defects hardly occurs at the time of stretching, and molding at a high stretch ratio becomes possible.
- the crystallinity of the ethylene polymer particles is a value calculated from the heat of fusion using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
- the lower limit of the crystallinity of the ethylene polymer particles is usually 70%, preferably 75%, more preferably 80%.
- the upper limit of the crystallinity the higher the higher the strength, the higher the strength of the molded product, the less likely to cause distortion and deformation such as volume shrinkage. If set intentionally, it is 99%, preferably 97%, more preferably 95%.
- the ethylene polymer particles according to the present invention can be obtained by polymerizing or copolymerizing the exemplified olefins in the presence of the above-mentioned olefin polymerization catalyst.
- the ethylene polymer particles according to the present invention are ethylene homopolymer, ethylene and a small amount of ⁇ -olefin such as propylene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-pentene, 1-pentene, Preferred is a crystalline copolymer mainly composed of ethylene obtained by copolymerizing hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, etc., but it is possible to increase the degree of crystallinity and stretch in solid phase stretch molding described later. From the viewpoint of properties, it is preferably an ethylene homopolymer. On the other hand, when the molded article requires creep resistance or the like, it is preferable that propylene or the like is copolymerized.
- the stretch-molded product obtained from the ethylene polymer according to the present invention is obtained by molding the above-mentioned ethylene polymer particles by a known stretch method for polyethylene.
- the stretched molded product of the present invention is an ethylene polymer polymerized using the component (A), which contains fine particles obtained through a specific step as an essential component of an olefin polymerization catalyst. Since it is obtained from the particles, the polymer molecular chain of the ethylene-based polymer is less entangled and can be molded at a high draw ratio. As a result, the degree of orientation of the resulting molded body is increased and high strength is exhibited.
- the ethylene polymer particles are formed by an aggregate of microparticles, so that a uniform crimping history is received at the time of crimping molding and a uniform structure with few defects is obtained. Can be formed. Therefore, breakage due to defects hardly occurs during stretching, and molding at a high stretch ratio becomes possible. As a result, the degree of orientation of the resulting molded body is increased and high strength is exhibited.
- the stretched molded product of the present invention uses ethylene polymer particles having a high intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ], a high-strength molded product tends to be obtained. Furthermore, since the stretched molded product of the present invention uses ethylene polymer particles having a small average particle size, the specific surface area is large, the contact area between the ethylene polymer particles is widened during stretch molding, Crimping is likely to occur. For this reason, interfacial fracture between the particles hardly occurs at the time of stretching, and molding at a high stretching ratio becomes possible. As a result, the degree of orientation of the resulting molded body is increased and high strength is exhibited.
- a stretched molded product obtained by a solid phase stretch molding method is particularly preferable. Since solid-phase stretch molding is a method that does not use a solvent, the molding equipment is relatively simple, and it is a molding method that has less adverse effects on the environment. Providing the stretched molded article by such a method is considered to have a high contribution to society.
- the ethylene-based polymer particles according to the present invention exhibit extremely high stretching performance when performing solid-phase stretch molding, biomaterials such as fibers, films, sheets, and bone substitute materials having high strength can be obtained. .
- Solid-phase stretch molding conditions can be used without limiting known conditions, except that the above-mentioned ethylene polymer is used.
- the molding temperature such as the crimping step and the stretching step is preferably equal to or lower than the melting point of the ethylene polymer particles. However, if the melt flow does not substantially occur, the molding temperature may be equal to or higher than the melting point.
- the temperature range is such that the upper limit of the melting point of the ethylene polymer according to the present invention is about 5 ° C and the lower limit is about the melting point of minus 30 ° C.
- the stretchability of a molded body using the ethylene polymer according to the present invention that is, the stretch ratio and the physical properties of the stretched molded body obtained are the methods described in the examples (stretch ratio, maximum stress during stretching, stretched molded body). Strength and elastic modulus).
- a stretched molded product having a stretch ratio of 50 times or more can be obtained. More preferably, it is 80 times or more, More preferably, it is 100 times or more, Especially preferably, it is 120 times or more.
- the tensile stress during stretching is lower than that of conventional polymers. Therefore, there is a tendency that more uniform stretching is possible.
- the stress during stretching is preferably 30 MPa or less, more preferably 25 MPa or less, further preferably 23 MPa or less, further preferably 20 MPa or less, and particularly preferably 16 MPa or less.
- the stretched molded product of the present invention can be molded at a high stretch ratio, it is expected to have a high tensile elastic modulus and tensile strength.
- the obtained stretched molded article preferably has a tensile modulus of 80 GPa or more, more preferably 120 GPa or more, and particularly preferably 140 GPa or more.
- the strength of the obtained stretched molded product is preferably 2 GPa or more, more preferably 2.5 GPa or more, and particularly preferably 3 GPa or more.
- the average particle size of fine particles, the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of ethylene polymer particles, the crystallinity, the average particle size, and various physical properties of the stretched molded product were measured according to the following methods.
- (Fine particle average particle size) In measuring the average particle diameter of the fine particles by the dynamic light scattering method, it was measured in a toluene solution at a temperature of 25 ° C. using a Zetasizer (NanoZS manufactured by Sysmex Corporation).
- Intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] The intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] was measured in decalin at a temperature of 135 ° C. by dissolving ultrahigh molecular weight ethylene polymer particles in decalin.
- (Crystallinity and melting point) Using a DSC (DSC 6220 manufactured by SII Nano Technology), the measurement was performed by the following method.
- Temperature rising rate 10 ° C./min Measurement temperature range: 0 ° C to 200 ° C Melting point: Peak top temperature of melting Crystallinity: A value obtained by dividing the heat of fusion from the difference in heat obtained by drawing a baseline from 70 ° C. to 180 ° C. by 290 J / g, which is the heat of fusion of 100% polyethylene crystals (scanning electron microscope) (SEM)) The average particle diameter of the ethylene polymer particles was observed at a magnification of 10,000 times using a scanning electron microscope (JSM-6510LV manufactured by JEOL Ltd.). Ten polymer particles were selected from the observed images, and the average particle size was calculated.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- a cylindrical injection molded product having a diameter of 10 mm ⁇ is made of high-density polyethylene, and this molded product is divided in half along the central axis (hereinafter referred to as billet).
- the above cut out sheet is fixed by being sandwiched between flat portions of the billet.
- the capillary rheometer IIB manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho is heated to 120 ° C, and the previously prepared billet is set in the cylinder.
- the billet is pressed from the top at a speed of 2 mm / sec using a pressing rod, and compressed and stretched by passing through a concave tapered nozzle.
- the ratio of the cross-sectional area calculated based on the cylinder diameter and the outlet diameter of the concave tapered nozzle is 6: 1, and the sheet is stretched 6 times in the longitudinal direction while passing through the nozzle.
- the stretched sheet obtained by the above preliminary stretching is cut out, and the marked line is marked on the sheet so that the distance between the marked lines becomes 5 mm.
- a value obtained by multiplying the second draw ratio by 6 times that is the draw ratio in the compression drawing is evaluated as the draw ratio of the evaluation.
- Strength of stretched molded product Using a tensile tester (manufactured by Instron Co., Ltd., universal testing machine 1123 type), the tensile strength in the stretching direction of the stretched molded product cut into a strip shape under the conditions of a temperature of 23 ° C., a chuck distance of 30 mm, and a tensile speed of 30 mm / min. It was measured.
- Example 1 [Preparation of component (a-1)] In a 2 L glass container equipped with a stirrer sufficiently purged with nitrogen, anhydrous magnesium chloride 76.2 g (0.80 mol), dehydrated decane 332 g, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol 260.4 g (2.0 mol), and 2-octyldodecyl alcohol 119. 4 g (0.4 mol) was charged and reacted at 155 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a uniform transparent solution. Next, this homogeneous transparent solution was diluted with dehydrated decane to obtain a uniformly transparent component (a-1) of 0.2 mmol / mL in terms of Mg atoms.
- component (A-1) Into a 2 L glass vessel equipped with a stirrer sufficiently purged with nitrogen, 1 L of dehydrated toluene was charged, the liquid temperature was maintained at 50 ° C., and 4.0 mmol of component (a-1) was charged in terms of Mg atoms, 16 mmol of isobutylaluminum in terms of Al atoms was slowly added dropwise to synthesize the fine particle component (A-1). A part of this reaction solution was sampled, and the average particle size of the fine particles was measured by a dynamic light scattering method. [Ethylene polymerization] Ethylene was blown into the reaction liquid containing the component (A-1), and the liquid phase and the gas phase were saturated with ethylene.
- the liquid temperature was cooled to 10 ° C., 0.002 mmol of the following transition metal compound (B-1) was charged in terms of Zr atom, and a polymerization reaction was performed at 10 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the mixture was poured into 4 L of methanol to which hydrochloric acid was added to precipitate the whole amount of the polymer, filtered, preliminarily dried at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and further dried at 110 ° C. for 10 hours under reduced pressure.
- the obtained polyethylene was 22.3 g, the catalytic activity was 22.3 kg / mmol-Zr ⁇ h, and [ ⁇ ] was 18.7 dl / g.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles constituting the polymer particles by observation with a scanning electron microscope was 190 nm (FIG. 1). Moreover, when the state of the polymerization tank was confirmed, adhesion of the polymer was not seen (FIG. 2).
- Example 2 [Preparation of component (A-2)] Into a 1 L autoclave equipped with a stirrer sufficiently purged with nitrogen, 500 mL of dehydrated toluene was charged and the liquid temperature was maintained at 50 ° C. Next, 32 mmol was charged, and then 1.28 mmol of triisobutylaluminum in terms of Al atom was slowly added dropwise to synthesize a fine particle component (A-2). A part of this reaction solution was sampled, and the average particle size of the fine particles was measured by a dynamic light scattering method. [Ethylene polymerization] Ethylene was blown into the reaction solution containing the component (A-2) to saturate the liquid phase and gas phase with ethylene.
- the transition metal compound (B-1) was charged in terms of Zr atoms, and a polymerization reaction was performed at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes while supplying ethylene so that the total pressure became 0.8 MPa. .
- the obtained polymer was washed with hexane, preliminarily dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and further dried under reduced pressure at 110 ° C. for 10 hours.
- the obtained polyethylene was 62.8 g
- the catalytic activity was 314.0 kg / mmol-Zr ⁇ h
- [ ⁇ ] was 26.7 dl / g.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles constituting the polymer particles by observation with a scanning electron microscope was 390 nm (FIG. 3). Moreover, when the state of the polymerization tank was confirmed, adhesion of the polymer was not seen (FIG. 4).
- Example 3 [Preparation of component (A-3)] A 1 L autoclave equipped with a stirrer sufficiently purged with nitrogen was charged with 500 mL of dehydrated toluene, the liquid temperature was maintained at 50 ° C., and the component (a-1) synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 was reduced to an Mg atom equivalent of 0.001. Then, 16 mmol was charged, and then 0.64 mmol of triisobutylaluminum in terms of Al atom was slowly dropped and a fine particle component (A-3) was synthesized.
- the obtained polyethylene was 34.8 g
- the catalytic activity was 348.4 kg / mmol-Zr ⁇ h
- [ ⁇ ] was 34.8 dl / g.
- the average particle size of the microparticles constituting the polymer particles by observation with a scanning electron microscope was 300 nm (FIG. 5).
- adhesion of the polymer was not seen (FIG. 6).
- Example 4 Ethylene was blown into the reaction solution containing the component (A-3) prepared in Example 3 to saturate the liquid phase and gas phase with ethylene. Next, 0.0002 mmol of the transition metal compound (B-2) was charged in terms of Zr atoms, and a polymerization reaction was performed at 65 ° C. for 30 minutes while supplying ethylene so that the total pressure became 0.3 MPa. . After completion of the polymerization, the obtained polymer was washed with hexane, preliminarily dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and further dried under reduced pressure at 110 ° C. for 10 hours.
- the obtained polyethylene was 30.4 g, the catalytic activity was 304.0 kg / mmol-Zr ⁇ h, and [ ⁇ ] was 28.4 dl / g.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles constituting the polymer particles by observation with a scanning electron microscope was 310 nm (FIG. 7). Moreover, when the state of the polymerization tank was confirmed, adhesion of the polymer was not seen (FIG. 8).
- Example 5 [Preparation of component (a-2)] In a 1 L glass container equipped with a stirrer sufficiently purged with nitrogen, anhydrous magnesium chloride 47.6 g (0.50 mol), dehydrated decane 65 g, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol 97.6 g (0.75 mol), and 2-octyldodecyl alcohol 223. 9 g (0.75 mol) was charged and reacted at 155 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a uniform transparent solution.
- this homogeneous transparent solution was diluted with dehydrated decane to obtain a uniformly transparent component (a-2) of 0.2 mmol / mL in terms of Mg atoms.
- component (A-4) A 1 L autoclave with a stirrer sufficiently purged with nitrogen was charged with 500 mL of dehydrated toluene, the liquid temperature was maintained at 50 ° C., 0.75 mmol of component (a-2) was charged in terms of Mg atoms, and then triisobutylaluminum was slowly added dropwise in terms of Al atoms to synthesize a fine particle component (A-4).
- the obtained polyethylene was 28.5 g
- the catalytic activity was 38.0 kg / mmol-Ti ⁇ h
- [ ⁇ ] was 23.8 dl / g.
- the average particle diameter of the microparticles constituting the polymer particles by observation with a scanning electron microscope was 250 nm (FIG. 9).
- adhesion of the polymer was not seen (FIG. 10).
- Example 6 [Preparation of component (A-5)] A 1 L glass container equipped with a stirrer sufficiently purged with nitrogen was charged with 750 mL of dehydrated toluene and 20.0 mmol of triisobutylaluminum in terms of Al atom. The component (a-1) synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 was slowly added dropwise in the form of Mg atom while maintaining the liquid temperature at 20 ° C. with vigorous stirring, and the reaction was allowed to proceed for 15 minutes. . Subsequently, the liquid temperature was raised to 50 ° C., and the mixture was reacted for 3 minutes to synthesize the fine particle component (A-5).
- the obtained polymer was washed with hexane, preliminarily dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and further dried under reduced pressure at 110 ° C. for 10 hours.
- the obtained polyethylene was 24.9 g
- the catalytic activity was 49.8 kg / mmol-Ti ⁇ h
- [ ⁇ ] was 24.8 dl / g.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles constituting the polymer particles by observation with a scanning electron microscope was 220 nm (FIG. 11).
- adhesion of the polymer was not seen (FIG. 12).
- Example 7 [Preparation of component (A-6)] A 1 L autoclave equipped with a stirrer sufficiently purged with nitrogen was charged with 500 mL of dehydrated toluene, the liquid temperature was maintained at 50 ° C., and the component (a-1) synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 was converted to 1. Then, 0 mmol was charged, and then 3.0 mmol of triisobutylaluminum in terms of Al atom was slowly added dropwise to synthesize a fine particle component (A-6).
- the obtained polymer was washed with hexane, preliminarily dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and further dried under reduced pressure at 110 ° C. for 10 hours.
- the obtained polyethylene was 43.3 g
- the catalytic activity was 17.3 kg / mmol-Ti ⁇ h
- [ ⁇ ] was 23.8 dl / g.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles constituting the polymer particles by observation with a scanning electron microscope was 150 nm (FIG. 13).
- adhesion of the polymer was not seen (FIG. 14).
- Example 8 Into a 1 L autoclave equipped with a stirrer sufficiently purged with nitrogen, 500 mL of dehydrated toluene was charged, and ethylene containing a hydrogen concentration of 500 ppm was blown to saturate the liquid phase and gas phase. Then, triisobutylaluminum was converted to 0.04 mmol in terms of Al atom, component (A-5) prepared in Example 6 was converted to 0.40 mmol in terms of Mg atom, and the transition metal compound (B-4) was converted to Ti atom. The polymerization reaction was carried out at 50 ° C.
- the obtained polymer was washed with hexane, preliminarily dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and further dried under reduced pressure at 110 ° C. for 10 hours.
- the obtained polyethylene was 26.5 g
- the catalytic activity was 26.5 kg / mmol-Ti ⁇ h
- [ ⁇ ] was 27.5 dl / g.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles constituting the polymer particles by observation with a scanning electron microscope was 230 nm (FIG. 15). Moreover, when the state of the polymerization tank was confirmed, adhesion of the polymer was not seen (FIG. 16).
- Example 9 [Preparation of component (a-3)] In a 1 L glass container equipped with a stirrer sufficiently purged with nitrogen, anhydrous magnesium chloride 47.6 g (0.50 mol), dehydrated decane 65 g, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol 97.6 g (0.75 mol), and 2-octyldodecyl alcohol 223. 9 g (0.75 mol) was charged and reacted at 155 ° C. for 4 hours to prepare a uniform transparent component (a-3).
- the obtained polyethylene was 15.6 g
- the catalytic activity was 103.7 kg / mmol-Zr ⁇ h
- [ ⁇ ] was 20.0 dl / g.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles constituting the polymer particles by observation with a scanning electron microscope was 1050 nm (FIG. 17). Moreover, when the state of the polymerization tank was confirmed, adhesion of the polymer was not seen.
- Example 10 [Preparation of component (a-4)] A 2 L glass container equipped with a stirrer sufficiently purged with nitrogen was charged with 95.2 g (1.0 mol) of anhydrous magnesium chloride, 442 mL of dehydrated decane and 390.6 g (3.0 mol) of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol. A time reaction was performed to obtain a uniform transparent solution. Next, this homogeneous transparent solution was diluted with dehydrated decane to obtain a 0.2 mmol / mL solution in terms of Mg atoms.
- component (a-8) To the total amount of component (a-4) obtained by the above preparation method, 1.68 mmol of triethylaluminum was slowly added dropwise in terms of Al atom to synthesize the fine particle component (A-8). A part of this reaction solution was sampled, and the average particle size of the fine particles was measured by a dynamic light scattering method.
- Ethylene polymerization Ethylene was blown into the reaction solution containing the component (A-8) to saturate the liquid phase and gas phase with ethylene. Next, 0.0001 mmol of the transition metal compound (B-2) was charged in terms of Zr atoms, and a polymerization reaction was performed at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes while supplying ethylene so that the total pressure became 0.3 MPa. . After completion of the polymerization, the obtained polymer was washed with hexane, preliminarily dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and further dried under reduced pressure at 110 ° C. for 10 hours.
- the obtained polyethylene was 14.8 g, the catalytic activity was 296.2 kg / mmol-Zr ⁇ h, and [ ⁇ ] was 29.7 dl / g.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles constituting the polymer particles by observation with a scanning electron microscope was 690 nm (FIG. 18). Moreover, when the state of the polymerization tank was confirmed, adhesion of the polymer was not seen (FIG. 19).
- Example 11 [Preparation of component (a-5)] A 2 L glass container equipped with a stirrer sufficiently purged with nitrogen was charged with 95.2 g (1.0 mol) of anhydrous magnesium chloride, 442 mL of dehydrated decane and 390.6 g (3.0 mol) of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol. A time reaction was performed to obtain a uniform transparent solution. Next, this homogeneous transparent solution was diluted with dehydrated decane to obtain a 0.2 mmol / mL solution in terms of Mg atoms.
- component (A-9) To the total amount of the component (a-5) obtained by the above preparation method, 1.68 mmol of triethylaluminum was slowly added dropwise in terms of Al atom to synthesize the fine particle component (A-9).
- the obtained polyethylene was 22.6 g
- the catalytic activity was 452.0 kg / mmol-Zr ⁇ h
- [ ⁇ ] was 28.6 dl / g.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles constituting the polymer particles by observation with a scanning electron microscope was 840 nm (FIG. 20).
- adhesion of the polymer was not seen (FIG. 21).
- Example 12 [Preparation of component (A-10)] Into a 1 L autoclave equipped with a stirrer sufficiently purged with nitrogen, 500 mL of dehydrated toluene was charged and the liquid temperature was maintained at 50 ° C. Then, 24 mmol was charged, and then 0.96 mmol of triisobutylaluminum in terms of Al atom was slowly dropped and a fine particle component (A-10) was synthesized. A part of this reaction solution was sampled, and the average particle size of the fine particles was measured by a dynamic light scattering method.
- Ethylene polymerization Ethylene was blown into the reaction solution containing the component (A-10), and the liquid phase and the gas phase were saturated with ethylene. Next, 0.0003 mmol of the transition metal compound (B-2) was charged in terms of Zr atoms, and ethylene containing a hydrogen concentration of 1000 ppm was supplied at 50 ° C. while supplying an ethylene flow rate of 0.5 L / min. The polymerization reaction was performed for 15 minutes. After completion of the polymerization, the pressure was once released, and then the polymerization reaction was carried out at 50 ° C. for 25 minutes while supplying ethylene so that the total pressure became 0.3 MPa.
- the obtained polymer was washed with hexane, preliminarily dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and further dried under reduced pressure at 110 ° C. for 10 hours.
- the obtained polyethylene was 41.8 g
- the catalyst activity was 209.0 kg / mmol-Zr ⁇ h
- the polyethylene [ ⁇ ] obtained in step a was 18.2 dl / g
- the total [ ⁇ ] was 33. It was 9 dl / g.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles constituting the polymer particles by observation with a scanning electron microscope was 305 nm (FIG. 22). Moreover, when the state of the polymerization tank was confirmed, adhesion of the polymer was not seen (FIG. 23).
- Example 13 [Ethylene polymerization] Ethylene was blown into the reaction solution containing the component (A-10), and the liquid phase and the gas phase were saturated with ethylene. Next, 0.0003 mmol of the transition metal compound (B-2) was charged in terms of Zr atoms, and ethylene containing a hydrogen concentration of 2000 ppm was supplied so that the ethylene flow rate was 0.5 L / min. The polymerization reaction was performed for 15 minutes. After completion of the polymerization, the pressure was once released, and then the polymerization reaction was performed at 50 ° C.
- the obtained polymer was washed with hexane, preliminarily dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and further dried under reduced pressure at 110 ° C. for 10 hours.
- the obtained polyethylene was 34.3 g
- the catalytic activity was 149.0 kg / mmol-Zr ⁇ h
- the polyethylene [ ⁇ ] obtained in step a was 20.8 dl / g
- the total [ ⁇ ] was 34. It was 7 dl / g.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles constituting the polymer particles by observation with a scanning electron microscope was 257 nm (FIG. 24). Moreover, when the state of the polymerization tank was confirmed, adhesion of the polymer was not seen (FIG. 25).
- Example 14 [Ethylene polymerization] Ethylene was blown into the reaction solution containing the component (A-10), and the liquid phase and the gas phase were saturated with ethylene. Next, 0.0003 mmol of the transition metal compound (B-2) was charged in terms of Zr atoms, and ethylene containing a hydrogen concentration of 1000 ppm was supplied at 50 ° C. while supplying an ethylene flow rate of 0.5 L / min. The polymerization reaction was performed for 7.5 minutes.
- the pressure was once released, and then the polymerization reaction was carried out at 50 ° C. for 23 minutes while supplying ethylene so that the total pressure became 0.3 MPa.
- the obtained polymer was washed with hexane, preliminarily dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and further dried under reduced pressure at 110 ° C. for 10 hours.
- the obtained polyethylene was 42.7 g
- the catalytic activity was 280.2 kg / mmol-Zr ⁇ h
- the polyethylene [ ⁇ ] obtained in the step a was 18.2 dl / g
- the total [ ⁇ ] was 34. 1 dl / g.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles constituting the polymer particles by observation with a scanning electron microscope was 286 nm (FIG. 26). Moreover, when the state of the polymerization tank was confirmed, adhesion of the polymer was not seen (FIG. 27).
- Example 2 Using the obtained polyethylene, a press sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the stretching ratio and the strength of the stretched molded product were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 1 Into a 1 L glass container equipped with a stirrer sufficiently purged with nitrogen, 500 ml of dehydrated toluene was charged and ethylene was blown to saturate the liquid phase and the gas phase. The liquid temperature was cooled to 5 ° C., and 0.50 mmol of methylaluminoxane (hereinafter sometimes referred to as MAO) was charged in terms of Al atoms, and 0.0008 mmol of the transition metal compound (B-1) was charged in terms of Zr atoms.
- MAO methylaluminoxane
- the polymerization reaction was carried out at 10 ° C. for 30 minutes. After completion of the polymerization, the mixture was poured into 2 L of methanol to which hydrochloric acid was added to precipitate the whole amount of the polymer, filtered, preliminarily dried at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and further dried at 110 ° C. for 10 hours under reduced pressure.
- the obtained polyethylene was 5.5 g
- the catalytic activity was 24.9 kg / mmol-Zr ⁇ h
- [ ⁇ ] was 38.5 dl / g.
- the polymerization reaction was carried out at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes. After completion of the polymerization, the mixture was poured into 2 L of methanol to which hydrochloric acid was added to precipitate the whole amount of the polymer, filtered, preliminarily dried at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and further dried at 110 ° C. for 10 hours under reduced pressure.
- the obtained polyethylene was 9.9 g
- the catalytic activity was 19.5 kg / mmol-Ti ⁇ h
- [ ⁇ ] was 36.5 dl / g.
- the obtained polymer was washed with hexane, preliminarily dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and further dried under reduced pressure at 110 ° C. for 10 hours.
- the obtained polyethylene was 63.1 g
- the catalytic activity was 31.6 kg / mmol-Zr ⁇ h
- [ ⁇ ] was 19.2 dl / g.
- 7.0 mL of a toluene solution of the transition metal compound (B-2) (0.001 mmol / mL in terms of Zr atoms) was charged dropwise and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. Thereafter, the supernatant was removed by decantation, and washed with dehydrated toluene three times and with dehydrated decane twice to prepare a decane slurry of the solid catalyst component (Z). A part of the resulting decane slurry of the solid catalyst component (Z) was collected to examine the concentration. As a result, the Zr concentration was 0.000234 mmol / mL.
- the obtained polyethylene was 49.9 g
- the catalytic activity was 166.2 kg / mmol-Zr ⁇ h
- [ ⁇ ] was 27.5 dl / g.
- Example 3 Using the obtained polyethylene, a press sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the stretching ratio and the strength of the stretched molded product were measured. The results are shown in Table 3. The obtained polyethylene had low stretchability and the strength of the stretched molded product was low.
- the method for producing ethylene polymer particles according to the present invention since fouling of the ethylene polymer particles to the polymerization tank wall or the stirring blade can be suppressed to a minimum, the plant is stopped in industrial production. This is advantageous in terms of cost. Further, when the ethylene-based polymer particles obtained by the method are stretch-molded, a high-strength molded body can be obtained, so that it can be suitably used for battery separators, gel spinning fibers, sheets and the like. .
- a stretch-molded product molded by a solid-phase stretch molding method has high strength and can be suitably used for solid-phase stretch molding.
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Abstract
Description
(A)少なくとも下記の2工程を経由して得られる、平均粒径が1nm以上、300nm以下の微粒子と、
(工程1)金属ハロゲン化物と、アルコールとを炭化水素溶媒中で接触させる工程、
(工程2)(工程1)で得られた成分と有機アルミニウム化合物、および/または、有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物とを接触させる工程、
(B)下記一般式(I)または一般式(II)で表される遷移金属化合物
とを含むオレフィン重合用触媒の存在下、エチレンの単独重合、もしくはエチレンと炭素原子数3~20の直鎖状または分岐状のα-オレフィンとを共重合させ、下記(E)を満たすことを特徴とする。
(E)デカリン溶媒中、135℃で測定した極限粘度[η]が5~50dl/g
mは、1~4の整数を示し、
R1~R5は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭化水素基、ヘテロ環式化合物残基、酸素含有基、窒素含有基、ホウ素含有基、イオウ含有基、リン含有基、ケイ素含有基、ゲルマニウム含有基、またはスズ含有基を示し、これらのうちの2個以上が互いに連結して環を形成していてもよく、
R6は、水素原子、1級または2級炭素のみからなる炭素数1~4の炭化水素基、炭素数5以上の脂肪族炭化水素基、アリール基置換アルキル基、単環性または二環性の脂環族炭化水素基、芳香族炭化水素基およびハロゲン原子から選ばれ、
nは、Mの価数を満たす数であり、
Xは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭化水素基、酸素含有基、イオウ含有基、窒素含有基、ホウ素含有基、アルミニウム含有基、リン含有基、ハロゲン含有基、ヘテロ環式化合物残基、ケイ素含有基、ゲルマニウム含有基、またはスズ含有基を示し、nが2以上の場合は、Xで示される複数の基は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、またXで示される複数の基は互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。)
R11~R18は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭化水素基、ヘテロ環式化合物残基、酸素含有基、窒素含有基、ホウ素含有基、イオウ含有基、リン含有基、ケイ素含有基、ゲルマニウム含有基、またはスズ含有基を示し、これらのうち隣接する2個以上が互いに連結して環を形成していてもよく、
X1およびX2は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、炭化水素基、酸素含有基、イオウ含有基、ケイ素含有基、水素原子またはハロゲン原子を示し、
Yは、2価の炭化水素基、2価のハロゲン化炭化水素基、2価のケイ素含有基、2価のゲルマニウム含有基、2価のスズ含有基、-O-、-CO-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-Ge-、-Sn-、-NR-、-P(R)-、-P(O)(R)-、-BR-、または-AlR-〔ただし、Rは、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭化水素基、ハロゲン化炭化水素基、アルコキシ基である〕)
本発明において、前記(A)微粒子を得るに当たり工程1で用いられるアルコールは、炭素原子数1~25のアルコールから選ばれる2種のアルコールの組み合わせであって、その2種のアルコールの炭素原子数の差は、4以上であることが好ましい。また、該アルコールは、炭素原子数2~12のアルコールと、炭素原子数13~25のアルコールとの組み合わせ、もしくは、炭素原子数2~12のアルコールから選ばれる2種のアルコールの組み合わせであることが好ましい。
<オレフィン重合用触媒>
本発明に係るエチレン系重合体粒子の製造方法に用いるオレフィン重合用触媒は、
(A)特定の工程により得られる、平均粒径が1nm以上、300nm以下の微粒子と、
(B)一般式(I)または一般式(II)で表される遷移金属化合物
とを含むことを特徴とする。
[(A)平均粒径が1nm以上、300nm以下の微粒子]
本発明で用いられる平均粒径が1nm以上、300nm以下の微粒子は、少なくとも下記の2工程を経由して得られる。
(工程2)(工程1)で得られた成分と有機アルミニウム化合物、および/または、有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物とを接触させる工程、
以下、各工程の内容および各工程において用いられる化合物について説明する。
○工程1
工程1は、金属ハロゲン化物とアルコールとを炭化水素溶媒中で接触させて、金属ハロゲン化物のアルコール錯体を形成させ、液状状態とする工程である。
・金属ハロゲン化物
本発明で用いられる金属ハロゲン化物の好ましい例としては、CdCl2型またはCdI2型の層状結晶構造を有するイオン結合性化合物が挙げられる。CdCl2型結晶構造を有する化合物として具体的には、例えばCdCl2、MnCl2、FeCl2、CoCl2、NiI2、NiCl2、MgCl2、ZnBr2、CrCl3などが挙げられる。CdI2型結晶構造を有する化合物として具体的には、例えばCdBr2、FeBr2、CoBr2、NiBr2、CdI2、MgI2、CaI2、ZnI2、PbI2、MnI2、FeI2、CoI2、Mg(OH)2、Ca(OH)2、Cd(OH)2、Mn(OH)2、Fe(OH)2、Co(OH)2、Ni(OH)2、ZrS4、SnS4、TiS4、PtS4などが挙げられる。
(式中、nは0≦n<2であり、Rは水素または炭素原子数1~20のアルキル基、炭素原子数6~21のアリール基または炭素原子数5~20のシクロアルキル基であり、nが0である場合2個のRは同一でも異なっていてもよい。Xはハロゲンである。)
このような還元能を有する有機マグネシウム化合物として具体的には、ジメチルマグネシウム、ジエチルマグネシウム、ジプロピルマグネシウム、ジブチルマグネシウム、ジアミルマグネシウム、ジヘキシルマグネシウム、ジデシルマグネシウム、オクチルブチルマグネシウム、エチルブチルマグネシウムなどのジアルキルマグネシウム化合物;エチル塩化マグネシウム、プロピル塩化マグネシウム、ブチル塩化マグネシウム、ヘキシル塩化マグネシウム、アミル塩化マグネシウムなどのアルキルマグネシウムハライド;ブチルエトキシマグネシウム、エチルブトキシマグネシウム、オクチルブトキシマグネシウムなどのアルキルマグネシウムアルコキシド;その他エチルマグネシウムハイドライド、プロピルマグネシウムハイドライド、ブチルマグネシウムハイドライドなどのアルキルマグネシウムハイドライドが挙げられる。
・アルコール
本発明で用いられるアルコールとしては、炭素原子数1~25のアルコールが挙げられる。具体的には、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール、ペンタノール、ヘキサノール、2-エチルヘキサノール、オクタノール、ドデカノール、オクタデシルアルコール、オレイルアルコール、2-ブチルオクタノール、2-ヘキシルデカノール、2-ヘキシルドデカノール、2-オクチルデカノール、2-オクチルドデカノール、イソヘキサデカノール、イソエイコサノール、ベンジルアルコール、フェニルエチルアルコール、クミルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール、イソブチルアルコール、イソプロピルベンジルアルコールなどの炭素原子数1~25のアルコール類;トリクロロメタノール、トリクロロエタノール、トリクロロヘキサノールなどの炭素原子数1~25のハロゲン含有アルコール類;フェノール、クレゾール、キシレノール、エチルフェノール、プロピルフェノール、ノニルフェノール、クミルフェノール、ナフトールなどの低級アルキル基を有してもよい炭素原子数6~25のフェノール類などが挙げられる。
(ii)脂肪族、脂環族、芳香族の違い
(iii)炭素原子数の違い
(iv)上記(i)~(iii)の組み合わせ
これらのうち、例えば、(iii)炭素原子数の違い、具体的には、R-OHで表されるアルコールのRの炭素原子数を指標とした場合、炭素原子数が相対的に少ないアルコールと、炭素原子数が相対的に多いアルコールに区分けすることができる。この際、炭素原子数が相対的に少ないアルコールは、一般的に有機アルミニウム化合物、および/または、有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物との反応性が高く、一方、炭素原子数が相対的に多いアルコールは、有機アルミニウム化合物、および/または、有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物との反応性が低いものに該当する。
・炭化水素溶媒
本発明で用いられる炭化水素溶媒には、特に制限がないが、具体的には、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、デカン、ドデカン、灯油などの脂肪族炭化水素;シクロペンタン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロペンタンなどの脂環族炭化水素;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレンなどの芳香族炭化水素;エチレンクロリド、クロルベンゼン、ジクロロメタンなどのハロゲン化炭化水素またはこれらの混合物などを挙げることができる。
○工程2
工程2は、工程1で得られた液状状態の金属ハロゲン化物のアルコール錯体に有機アルミニウム化合物、および/または、有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物を接触させて、溶解した金属ハロゲン化物を析出させ、微粒子を製造する工程である。
・有機アルミニウム化合物
本発明で用いることのできる有機アルミニウム化合物としては、下記式(Al-1)、(Al-2)または(Al-3)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
(式(Al-1)中、Raは炭素原子数1~12の炭化水素基であり、Xはハロゲン原子または水素原子であり、nは1~3である。)
炭素原子数1~12の炭化水素基は、例えばアルキル基、シクロアルキル基またはアリール基であり、具体的には、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、イソブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、フェニル基、トリル基などである。
(式(Al-2)中、Raは上記式(Al-1)と同様であり、Yは-ORb基、-OSiRc 3基、-OAlRd 2基、-NRe 2基、-SiRf 3基または-N(Rg)AlRh 2基であり、nは1~2であり、Rb、Rc、RdおよびRhはメチル基、エチル基、イソプロピル基、イソブチル基、シクロヘキシル基、フェニル基などであり、Reは水素、メチル基、エチル基、イソプロピル基、フェニル基、トリメチルシリル基などであり、RfおよびRgはメチル基、エチル基などである。)
式(Al-2)で表される有機アルミニウム化合物としては、具体的には、以下のような化合物が用いられる。
(i)Ra nAl(ORb)3-nで表される化合物、例えば
ジメチルアルミニウムメトキシド、ジエチルアルミニウムエトキシド、ジイソブチルアルミニウムメトキシド、ジエチルアルミニウム-2-エチルヘキソキシドなどのアルキルアルミニウムアルコキシド。
(ii)Ra nAl(OSiRc 3)3-nで表される化合物、例えば
Et2Al(OSiMe3)、(iso-Bu)2Al(OSiMe3)、(iso-Bu)2Al(OSiEt3)など。
(iii)Ra nAl(OAlRd 2)3-nで表される化合物、例えば
Et2AlOAlEt2、(iso-Bu)2AlOAl(iso-Bu)2など。
(iv)Ra nAl(NRe 2)3-nで表される化合物、例えば
Me2AlNEt2、Et2AlNHMe、Me2AlNHEt、Et2AlN(Me3Si)2、(iso-Bu)2AlN(Me3Si)2など、
(v)Ra nAl(SiRf 3)3-n で表される化合物、例えば
(iso-Bu)2AlSiMe3など。
(vi)Ra nAl〔N(Rg)-AlRh 2〕3-nで表される化合物、例えば
Et2AlN(Me)-AlEt2、(iso-Bu)2AlN(Et)Al(iso-Bu)2など。
(式(Al-3)中、M1はLi、Na、Kであり、Rjは炭素原子数1~15の炭化水素基である。)
具体的には、LiAl(C2H5)4、LiAl(C7H15)4などが挙げられる。
・有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物
本発明で用いることのできる有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物は、従来公知のアルミノキサンであってもよく、また特開平2-78687号公報に例示されているようなベンゼン不溶性の有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物であってもよい。有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物としては、具体的には、メチルアルミノキサン、エチルアルミノキサン、イソブチルアルミノキサンなどが挙げられる。
(1)吸着水を含有する化合物または結晶水を含有する塩類、例えば塩化マグネシウム水和物、硫酸銅水和物、硫酸アルミニウム水和物、硫酸ニッケル水和物、塩化第1セリウム水和物などの炭化水素媒体懸濁液に、トリアルキルアルミニウムなどの有機アルミニウム化合物を添加して、吸着水または結晶水と有機アルミニウム化合物とを反応させる方法。
(2)ベンゼン、トルエン、エチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフランなどの媒体中で、トリアルキルアルミニウムなどの有機アルミニウム化合物に直接水、氷または水蒸気を作用させる方法。
(3)デカン、ベンゼン、トルエンなどの媒体中でトリアルキルアルミニウムなどの有機アルミニウム化合物に、ジメチルスズオキシド、ジブチルスズオキシドなどの有機スズ酸化物を反応させる方法。
前記一般式(III)で表されるボロンを含んだ有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物は、下記一般式(IV)で表されるアルキルボロン酸と、有機アルミニウム化合物とを、不活性ガス雰囲気下に不活性溶媒中で、-80℃~室温の温度で1分~24時間反応させることにより製造できる。
(一般式(IV)中、R22は前記一般式(III)におけるR22と同じ基を示す。)
前記一般式(IV)で表されるアルキルボロン酸の具体的な例としては、メチルボロン酸、エチルボロン酸、イソプロピルボロン酸、n-プロピルボロン酸、n-ブチルボロン酸、イソブチルボロン酸、n-ヘキシルボロン酸、シクロヘキシルボロン酸、フェニルボロン酸、3,5-ジフルオロボロン酸、ペンタフルオロフェニルボロン酸、3,5-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニルボロン酸などが挙げられる。これらの中では、メチルボロン酸、n-ブチルボロン酸、イソブチルボロン酸、3,5-ジフルオロフェニルボロン酸、ペンタフルオロフェニルボロン酸が好ましい。これらは1種単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて用いられる。
○微粒子
少なくとも上記の工程1および工程2を経て得られる微粒子は、動的光散乱法で測定した平均粒径が1nm以上、300nm以下、好ましくは1nm以上、250nm以下、より好ましくは1nm以上、200nm以下、さらに好ましくは1nm以上、150nm以下、さらにより好ましくは1nm以上、100nm以下、特に好ましくは1nm以上、50nm以下である。
[(B)遷移金属化合物]
本発明で用いられる遷移金属化合物は、後述するエチレン系重合体粒子の極限粘度や結晶化度などを実現できる限り、公知のメタロセン化合物や、いわゆるポストメタロセンなどの特定の有機遷移金属錯体化合物を制限なく使用することができる。
ビニル基、アリル基、イソプロペニル基などの炭素原子数が2~30、好ましくは2~20の直鎖状または分岐状のアルケニル基;
エチニル基、プロパルギル基など炭素原子数が2~30、好ましくは2~20、さらに好ましくは2~10の直鎖状または分岐状のアルキニル基;
シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、アダマンチル基などの炭素原子数が3~30、好ましくは3~20、さらに好ましくは3~10の環状飽和炭化水素基;
シクロペンタジエニル基、インデニル基、フルオレニル基などの炭素数5~30の環状不飽和炭化水素基;
フェニル基、ナフチル基、ビフェニル基、ターフェニル基、フェナントリル基、アントラセニル基などの炭素原子数が6~30、好ましくは6~20、さらに好ましくは6~10のアリール基;
トリル基、iso-プロピルフェニル基、t-ブチルフェニル基、ジメチルフェニル基、ジ-t-ブチルフェニル基などのアルキル置換アリール基;
などが挙げられる。
アルコシキ基、アリーロキシ基、エステル基、エーテル基、アシル基、カルボキシル基、カルボナート基、ヒドロキシ基、ペルオキシ基、カルボン酸無水物基などの酸素含有基;
アミノ基、イミノ基、アミド基、イミド基、ヒドラジノ基、ヒドラゾノ基、ニトロ基、ニトロソ基、シアノ基、イソシアノ基、シアン酸エステル基、アミジノ基、ジアゾ基、アミノ基がアンモニウム塩となったものなどの窒素含有基;
ボランジイル基、ボラントリイル基、ジボラニル基などのホウ素含有基;
メルカプト基、チオエステル基、ジチオエステル基、アルキルチオ基、アリールチオ基、チオアシル基、チオエーテル基、チオシアン酸エステル基、イソチアン酸エステル基、スルホンエステル基、スルホンアミド基、チオカルボキシル基、ジチオカルボキシル基、スルホ基、スルホニル基、スルフィニル基、スルフェニル基などのイオウ含有基;
ホスフィド基、ホスホリル基、チオホスホリル基、ホスファト基などのリン含有基;
ケイ素含有基;ゲルマニウム含有基;またはスズ含有基を有していてもよい。
アルコキシ基として具体的には、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n-プロポキシ基、イソプロポキシ基、n-ブトキシ基、イソブトキシ基、t-ブトキシ基などが挙げられ、
アリーロキシ基として具体的には、フェノキシ基、2,6-ジメチルフェノキシ基、2,4,6-トリメチルフェノキシ基などが挙げられ、
エステル基として具体的には、アセチルオキシ基、ベンゾイルオキシ基、メトキシカルボニル基、フェノキシカルボニル基、p-クロロフェノキシカルボニル基などが挙げられ、
アシル基として具体的には、ホルミル基、アセチル基、ベンゾイル基、p-クロロベンゾイル基、p-メトキシベンゾイル基などが挙げられ、
アミノ基として具体的には、ジメチルアミノ基、エチルメチルアミノ基、ジフェニルアミノ基などが挙げられ、
イミノ基として具体的には、メチルイミノ基、エチルイミノ基、プロピルイミノ基、ブチルイミノ基、フェニルイミノ基などが挙げられ、
アミド基として具体的には、アセトアミド基、N-メチルアセトアミド基、N-メチルベンズアミド基などが挙げられ、
イミド基として具体的には、アセトイミド基、ベンズイミド基などが挙げられ、
チオエステル基として具体的には、アセチルチオ基、ベンゾイルチオ基、メチルチオカルボニル基、フェニルチオカルボニル基などが挙げられ、
アルキルチオ基として具体的には、メチルチオ基、エチルチオ基などが挙げられ、
アリールチオ基として具体的には、フェニルチオ基、メチルフェニルチオ基、ナフチルチオ基などが挙げられ、
スルホンエステル基として具体的には、スルホン酸メチル基、スルホン酸エチル基、スルホン酸フェニル基などが挙げられ、
スルホンアミド基として具体的には、フェニルスルホンアミド基、N-メチルスルホンアミド基、N-メチル-p-トルエンスルホンアミド基などが挙げられる。
フェニル基、ナフチル基、ビフェニル基、ターフェニル基、フェナントリル基、アントラセニル基などの炭素原子数6~30、好ましくは6~20のアリール基;
これらのアリール基にハロゲン原子、炭素原子数1~30、好ましくは1~20のアルキル基もしくはアルコキシ基、炭素原子数6~30、好ましくは6~20のアリール基もしくはアリーロキシ基などの置換基が1~5個置換した置換アリール基が好ましい。
上記一般式(I)においてXは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭化水素基、酸素含有基、イオウ含有基、窒素含有基、ホウ素含有基、アルミニウム含有基、リン含有基、ハロゲン含有基、ヘテロ環式化合物残基、ケイ素含有基、ゲルマニウム含有基、またはスズ含有基を示し、nが2以上の場合は、Xで示される複数の基は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、またXで示される複数の基は互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
[オレフィン重合用触媒に用いることのできるその他の成分]
本発明に係るエチレン系重合体粒子の製造方法に用いるオレフィン重合用触媒は、上述した(A),(B)成分を含むことを必須とする。
[(C):(B)成分と反応してイオン対を形成する化合物]
本発明において、オレフィン重合用触媒の成分として用いることのできる、(B)成分と反応してイオン対を形成する化合物(C)としては、有機アルミニウム化合物、ハロゲン化ホウ素化合物、ハロゲン化リン化合物、ハロゲン化イオウ化合物、ハロゲン化チタン化合物、ハロゲン化シラン化合物、ハロゲン化ゲルマニウム化合物、ハロゲン化錫化合物などが挙げられる。
三塩化リン、三臭化リン、三ヨウ化リン、五塩化リン、五臭化リン、オキシ塩化リン、オキシ臭化リン、メチルジクロロホスフィン、エチルジクロロホスフィン、プロピルジクロロホスフィン、ブチルジクロロホスフィン、シクロヘキシルジクロロホスフィン、フェニルジクロロホスフィン、メチルジクロロホスフィンオキシド、エチルジクロロホスフィンオキシド、ブチルジクロロホスフィンオキシド、シクロヘキシルジクロロホスフィンオキシド、フェニルジクロロホスフィンオキシド、メチルフェニルクロロホスフィンオキシド、ジブロモトリフェニルホスホラン、テトラエチルホスホニウムクロリド、ジメチルジフェニルホスホニウムヨージド、エチルトリフェニルホスホニウムクロリド、アリルトリフェニルホスホニウムクロリド、ベンジルトリフェニルホスホニウムクロリド、アリルトリフェニルホスホニウムブロミド、ブチルトリフェニルホスホニウムブロミド、ベンジルトリフェニルホスホニウムブロミドなどのハロゲン化リン化合物;
二塩化イオウ、塩化チオニル、塩化スルフリル、臭化チオニルなどのハロゲン化イオウ化合物;
四フッ化チタン、四塩化チタン、四臭化チタン、四ヨウ化チタン、メトキシトリクロロチタン、エトキシトリクロロチタン、ブトキシトリクロロチタン、エトキシトリブロモチタン、ブトキシトリブロモチタン、ジメトキシジクロロチタン、ジエトキシジクロロチタン、ジブトキシジクロロチタン、ジエトキシジブロモチタン、トリメトキシクロロチタン、トリエトキシクロロチタン、トリブトキシクロロチタン、トリエトキシブロモチタンなどのハロゲン化チタン化合物;
四塩化ケイ素、四臭化ケイ素、四ヨウ化ケイ素、メトキシトリクロロシラン、エトキシトリクロロシラン、ブトキシトリクロロシラン、エトキシトリブロモシラン、ブトキシトリブロモシラン、ジメトキシジクロロシラン、ジエトキシジクロロシラン、ジブトキシジクロロシラン、ジエトキシジブロモシラン、トリメトキシクロロシラン、トリエトキシクロロシラン、トリブトキシクロロシラン、トリエトキシブロモシラン、メチルトリクロロシラン、エチルトリクロロシラン、ブチルトリクロロシラン、フェニルトリクロロシラン、ジメチルジクロロシラン、ジエチルジクロロシラン、ジブチルジクロロシラン、ジフェニルジクロロシラン、トリメチルクロロシラン、トリエチルクロロシラン、トリブチルクロロシラン、トリフェニルクロロシランなどのハロゲン化シラン化合物;
四フッ化ゲルマニウム、四塩化ゲルマニウム、四ヨウ化ゲルマニウム、メトキシトリクロロゲルマニウム、エトキシトリクロロゲルマニウム、ブトキシトリクロロゲルマニウム、エトキシトリブロモゲルマニウム、ブトキシトリブロモゲルマニウム、ジメトキシジクロロゲルマニウム、ジエトキシジクロロゲルマニウム、ジブトキシジクロロゲルマニウム、ジエトキシジブロモゲルマニウム、トリメトキシクロロゲルマニウム、トリエトキシクロロゲルマニウム、トリブトキシクロロゲルマニウム、トリエトキシブロモゲルマニウムなどのハロゲン化ゲルマニウム化合物;
四フッ化錫、四塩化錫、四臭化錫、四ヨウ化錫、メトキシトリクロロ錫、エトキシトリクロロ錫、ブトキシトリクロロ錫、エトキシトリブロモ錫、ブトキシトリブロモ錫、ジメトキシジクロロ錫、ジエトキシジクロロ錫、ジブトキシジクロロ錫、ジエトキシジブロモ錫、トリメトキシクロロ錫、トリエトキシクロロ錫、トリブトキシクロロ錫、トリエトキシブロモ錫、メチルトリクロロ錫、エチルトリクロロ錫、ブチルトリクロロ錫、フェニルトリクロロ錫、ジメチルジクロロ錫、ジエチルジクロロ錫、ジブチルジクロロ錫、ジフェニルジクロロ錫、トリメチルクロロ錫、トリエチルクロロ錫、トリブチルクロロ錫、トリフェニルクロロ錫などのハロゲン化錫化合物。
[(D)有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物]
本発明において、オレフィン重合用触媒の成分として用いることのできる(D)有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物としては、上述した(A)微粒子を製造する際の(工程2)で用いられる有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物として説明したものと同様のものを用いることができる。
<エチレン系重合体の製造方法>
本発明に係るエチレン系重合体粒子の製造方法は、上記のような(A)微粒子、(B)遷移金属化合物を含むオレフィン重合用触媒の存在下、エチレンを単独重合、もしくはエチレンと炭素原子数3~20の直鎖状または分岐状のα-オレフィンとを共重合させる。
(式中、[η](1)はa工程で生成した重合体の極限粘度、[η](2)はb工程で生成した重合体の極限粘度、[η](t)は最終生成物の極限粘度、w(1)はa工程の質量分率、w(2)はb工程の質量分率をそれぞれ示す。)
上記のとおり、本発明に係るエチレン系重合体を二段重合で行うことが好ましい理由としては、以下のように推察している。
<エチレン系重合体粒子>
本発明に係るエチレン系重合体粒子の製造方法により得られるエチレン系重合体粒子は、以下の特徴を有することが好ましい。
(ii)平均粒径が、10nm以上、3000nm未満の範囲であり、
(iii)結晶化度が、70%以上である。
<エチレン系重合体から得られる延伸成形体およびその製造方法>
本発明に係るエチレン系重合体から得られる延伸成形体は、上記のエチレン系重合体粒子を公知のポリエチレン用延伸成形法で成形することによって得られる。本発明の延伸成形体は、上記の(A)成分である、特定の工程を経て得られる微粒子をオレフィン重合用触媒の必須の構成成分として含んでいるものを用いて重合されたエチレン系重合体粒子から得られるものであるため、エチレン系重合体の重合体分子鎖の絡み合いが少なく、高い延伸倍率での成形が可能となる。その結果、得られる成形体の配向度が高くなり、高強度が発現する。また、該エチレン系重合体粒子は、微小粒子の集合体で形成されているため微小粒子間に空間が広く存在することにより、圧着成形時に均一な圧着履歴を受け、欠陥の少ない均一な構造を形成することができる。したがって、延伸時に欠陥による破断が起こり難くなり、高い延伸倍率での成形が可能となる。その結果、得られる成形体の配向度が高くなり、高強度が発現する。
(微粒子平均粒径)
微粒子の平均粒径を動的光散乱法で測定するに当たっては、Zetasizer(シスメックス社製NanoZS)を用いて、温度25℃のトルエン溶液中で測定した。
(極限粘度[η])
極限粘度[η]は、超高分子量エチレン系重合体粒子をデカリンに溶解させ、温度135℃のデカリン中で測定した。
(結晶化度および融点)
DSC(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー社製DSC6220)を用いて、以下のような方法で測定した。
昇温速度:10℃/min
測定温度範囲:0℃~200℃
融点:融解のピークトップ温度
結晶化度:70℃から180℃までベースラインを引いた差分の熱量から融解熱量をポリエチレン100%結晶の融解熱量である290J/gで除した値
(走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM))
エチレン系重合体粒子の平均粒径は、走査型電子顕微鏡(日本電子社製JSM-6510LV)を用いて、倍率10000倍で観察した。観察した画像から10個の重合体粒子を選択し、その平均粒径を算出した。
(延伸倍率)
エチレン系重合体粒子を温度136℃、圧力7MPaで30分間、加圧することで、厚さ約500μmのプレスシートを作製し、縦35mm×横7mmの矩形に切り出す。
(延伸成形体の強度)
引張試験機(インストロン社製、万能試験機1123型)を用いて、温度23℃、チャック間30mm、引張速度30mm/minの条件で短冊状に切削した延伸成形体の延伸方向の引張強度を測定した。
[実施例1]
[成分(a-1)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き2Lガラス容器に、無水塩化マグネシウム76.2g(0.80mol)、脱水デカン332g、2-エチルヘキシルアルコール260.4g(2.0mol)、および2-オクチルドデシルアルコール119.4g(0.4mol)を装入し、155℃で4時間反応を行い、均一透明溶液とした。次いで、この均一透明溶液を脱水デカンで希釈し、Mg原子換算で0.2mmol/mLの均一透明な成分(a-1)を得た。
[成分(A-1)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き2Lガラス容器に、脱水トルエン1Lを装入し、液温を50℃に維持し、成分(a-1)をMg原子換算で4.0mmol装入し、次いでトリイソブチルアルミニウムをAl原子換算で16mmolをゆっくりと滴下装入し、微粒子成分(A-1)を合成した。この反応液の一部を採取し、動的光散乱法により微粒子の平均粒径を測定したところ、40nmであった。
[エチレン重合]
前記成分(A-1)を含む反応液にエチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相をエチレンで飽和させた。次いで、液温を10℃まで冷却し、下記遷移金属化合物(B-1)をZr原子換算で0.002mmolを装入し、10℃で30分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、塩酸を加えた4Lのメタノールに投入しポリマーを全量析出させ、ろ過した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、22.3gであり、触媒活性は22.3kg/mmol-Zr・h、[η]は18.7dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡観察によるポリマー粒子を構成する微小粒子の平均粒径は190nmであった(図1)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図2)。
[成分(A-2)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lオートクレーブに脱水トルエン500mLを装入し、液温を50℃に維持し、実施例1と同様にして合成した成分(a-1)をMg原子換算で0.32mmol装入し、次いでトリイソブチルアルミニウムをAl原子換算で1.28mmolをゆっくりと滴下装入し、微粒子成分(A-2)を合成した。この反応液の一部を採取し、動的光散乱法により微粒子の平均粒径を測定したところ、40nmであった。
[エチレン重合]
前記成分(A-2)を含む反応液にエチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相をエチレンで飽和させた。次いで、前記遷移金属化合物(B-1)をZr原子換算で0.0004mmolを装入し、全圧が0.8MPaとなるようにエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で30分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、62.8gであり、触媒活性は314.0kg/mmol-Zr・h、[η]は26.7dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡観察によるポリマー粒子を構成する微小粒子の平均粒径は390nmであった(図3)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図4)。
[実施例3]
[成分(A-3)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lオートクレーブに脱水トルエン500mLを装入し、液温を50℃に維持し、実施例1と同様にして合成した成分(a-1)をMg原子換算で0.16mmol装入し、次いでトリイソブチルアルミニウムをAl原子換算で0.64mmolをゆっくりと滴下装入し、微粒子成分(A-3)を合成した。この反応液の一部を採取し、動的光散乱法により微粒子の平均粒径を測定したところ、40nmであった。
[エチレン重合]
前記成分(A-3)を含む反応液にエチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相をエチレンで飽和させた。次いで、下記遷移金属化合物(B-2)をZr原子換算で0.0002mmolを装入し、全圧が0.3MPaとなるようにエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で30分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、34.8gであり、触媒活性は348.4kg/mmol-Zr・h、[η]は34.8dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡観察によるポリマー粒子を構成する微小粒子の平均粒径は300nmであった(図5)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図6)。
前記実施例3にて調製した成分(A-3)を含む反応液にエチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相をエチレンで飽和させた。次いで、前記遷移金属化合物(B-2)をZr原子換算で0.0002mmolを装入し、全圧が0.3MPaとなるようにエチレンを供給しながら、65℃で30分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、30.4gであり、触媒活性は304.0kg/mmol-Zr・h、[η]は28.4dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡観察によるポリマー粒子を構成する微小粒子の平均粒径は310nmであった(図7)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図8)。
[実施例5]
[成分(a-2)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lガラス容器に、無水塩化マグネシウム47.6g(0.50mol)、脱水デカン65g、2-エチルヘキシルアルコール97.6g(0.75mol)、および2-オクチルドデシルアルコール223.9g(0.75mol)を装入し、155℃で4時間反応を行い、均一透明溶液とした。次いで、この均一透明溶液を脱水デカンで希釈し、Mg原子換算で0.2mmol/mLの均一透明な成分(a-2)を得た。
[成分(A-4)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lオートクレーブに脱水トルエン500mLを装入し、液温を50℃に維持し、成分(a-2)をMg原子換算で0.75mmol装入し、次いでトリイソブチルアルミニウムをAl原子換算で2.25mmolをゆっくりと滴下装入し、微粒子成分(A-4)を合成した。この反応液の一部を採取し、動的光散乱法により微粒子の平均粒径を測定したところ、30nmであった。
[エチレン重合]
前記成分(A-4)を含む反応液にエチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相をエチレンで飽和させた。次いで、下記遷移金属化合物(B-3)をTi原子換算で0.0015mmolを装入し、全圧が0.3MPaとなるようにエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で30分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、28.5gであり、触媒活性は38.0kg/mmol-Ti・h、[η]は23.8dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡観察によるポリマー粒子を構成する微小粒子の平均粒径は250nmであった(図9)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図10)。
[成分(A-5)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lガラス容器に、脱水トルエン750mLおよびトリイソブチルアルミニウムをAl原子換算で20.0mmolを装入し、ホモジナイザー(エムテクニック社製クレアミックスCLM-1.5S、回転数15000rpm)による強撹拌下、液温を20℃に保持しながら、実施例1と同様にして合成した成分(a-1)をMg原子換算で20mmolをゆっくりと滴下装入し、15分間反応させた。次いで、液温を50℃に昇温し3分間反応させることで、微粒子成分(A-5)を合成した。この反応液の一部を採取し、動的光散乱法により微粒子の平均粒径を測定したところ、50nmであった。
[エチレン重合]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lオートクレーブに脱水トルエン500mLを装入し、エチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相をエチレンで飽和させた。次いで、トリイソブチルアルミニウムをAl原子換算で0.05mmol、前記成分(A-5)をMg原子換算で0.50mmol、前記遷移金属化合物(B-3)をTi原子換算で0.001mmolを装入し、全圧が0.3MPaとなるようにエチレンガスを供給しながら、50℃で30分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、24.9gであり、触媒活性は49.8kg/mmol-Ti・h、[η]は24.8dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡観察によるポリマー粒子を構成する微小粒子の平均粒径は220nmであった(図11)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図12)。
[実施例7]
[成分(A-6)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lオートクレーブに脱水トルエン500mLを装入し、液温を50℃に維持し、実施例1と同様にして合成した成分(a-1)をMg原子換算で1.0mmol装入し、次いでトリイソブチルアルミニウムをAl原子換算で3.0mmolをゆっくりと滴下装入し、微粒子成分(A-6)を合成した。この反応液の一部を採取し、動的光散乱法により微粒子の平均粒径を測定したところ、40nmであった。
[エチレン重合]
前記成分(A-6)を含む反応液に水素濃度500ppmを含むエチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相を飽和させた。次いで、下記遷移金属化合物(B-4)をTi原子換算で0.005mmolを装入し、全圧が0.8MPaとなるように水素濃度500ppmを含むエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で30分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、43.3gであり、触媒活性は17.3kg/mmol-Ti・h、[η]は23.8dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡観察によるポリマー粒子を構成する微小粒子の平均粒径は150nmであった(図13)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図14)。
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lオートクレーブに脱水トルエン500mLを装入し、水素濃度500ppmを含むエチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相を飽和させた。次いで、トリイソブチルアルミニウムをAl原子換算で0.04mmol、前記実施例6で調製した成分(A-5)をMg原子換算で0.40mmol、前記遷移金属化合物(B-4)をTi原子換算で0.002mmolを装入し、全圧が0.8MPaとなるように水素濃度500ppmを含むエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で30分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、26.5gであり、触媒活性は26.5kg/mmol-Ti・h、[η]は27.5dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡観察によるポリマー粒子を構成する微小粒子の平均粒径は230nmであった(図15)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図16)。
[実施例9]
[成分(a-3)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lガラス容器に、無水塩化マグネシウム47.6g(0.50mol)、脱水デカン65g、2-エチルヘキシルアルコール97.6g(0.75mol)、および2-オクチルドデシルアルコール223.9g(0.75mol)を装入し、155℃で4時間反応を行い、均一透明な成分(a-3)を調製した。
[成分(A-7)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lガラス容器に、前記(a-3)100mL(Mg原子換算で100mmol)、2-オクチルドデシルアルコール89.6g(300mmol)を装入し、155℃で4時間反応を行った。次いで、液温を0℃まで冷却し、脱水デカン50mL、および脱水クロロベンゼン560mLを装入し、ホモジナイザー(エムテクニック社製クレアミックスCLM-1.5S、回転数15000rpm)による強撹拌下、液温を0℃に維持しながら、トリエチルアルミニウム138mmolをゆっくりと滴下装入した。その後、液温を4時間かけて80℃に昇温し、80℃を維持しながら、再びトリエチルアルミニウム158mmolをゆっくりと滴下装入し、さらに1時間反応した。反応終了後、ろ過にて固体部を採取し、脱水トルエンにて充分洗浄し、脱水トルエンを加えて微粒子成分(A-7)を合成した。この反応液の一部を採取し、動的光散乱法により微粒子の平均粒径を測定したところ、150nmであった。
[固体触媒成分(E)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き300mLガラス容器に脱水トルエン100mLを装入し、上記で調製した微粒子成分(A-7)をMg原子換算で5.0mmol装入した。次いで、下記遷移金属化合物(B-5)のトルエン溶液をZr原子換算で0.025mmol滴下装入し、室温で1時間反応させることで固体触媒成分(E)を合成した。
[エチレン重合]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lオートクレーブに、脱水ヘプタン500mLを装入し、エチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相をエチレンで飽和させた。次いで、トリエチルアルミニウムをAl原子換算で1.25mmol、前記固体触媒成分(E)をZr原子換算で0.00015mmol装入し、全圧が0.8MPaになるようにエチレンガスを供給しながら、65℃で1時間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、15.6gであり、触媒活性は103.7kg/mmol-Zr・h、[η]は20.0dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡観察によるポリマー粒子を構成する微小粒子の平均粒径は1050nmであった(図17)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった。
[成分(a-4)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き2Lガラス容器に、無水塩化マグネシウム95.2g(1.0mol)、脱水デカン442mLおよび2-エチルヘキシルアルコール390.6g(3.0mol)を装入し、145℃で4時間反応を行い、均一透明溶液とした。次いで、この均一透明溶液を脱水デカンで希釈し、Mg原子換算で0.2mmol/mLの溶液を得た。次いで、充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lオートクレーブに脱水トルエン500mLを装入し、液温を50℃に維持し、先に得た溶液を0.80mL装入し、さらにイソブチルアルコールを0.96mmolゆっくり滴下装入し、15分間攪拌して、成分(a-4)を得た。
[成分(A-8)の調製]
上記調製方法により得られた成分(a-4)全量に対して、トリエチルアルミニウムをAl原子換算で1.68mmolゆっくりと滴下装入し、微粒子成分(A-8)を合成した。この反応液の一部を採取し、動的光散乱法により微粒子の平均粒径を測定したところ、70nmであった。
[エチレン重合]
前記成分(A-8)を含む反応液にエチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相をエチレンで飽和させた。次いで、前記遷移金属化合物(B-2)をZr原子換算で0.0001mmolを装入し、全圧が0.3MPaとなるようにエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で30分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、14.8gであり、触媒活性は296.2kg/mmol-Zr・h、[η]は29.7dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡観察によるポリマー粒子を構成する微小粒子の平均粒径は690nmであった(図18)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図19)。
[実施例11]
[成分(a-5)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き2Lガラス容器に、無水塩化マグネシウム95.2g(1.0mol)、脱水デカン442mLおよび2-エチルヘキシルアルコール390.6g(3.0mol)を装入し、145℃で4時間反応を行い、均一透明溶液とした。次いで、この均一透明溶液を脱水デカンで希釈し、Mg原子換算で0.2mmol/mLの溶液を得た。次いで、充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lオートクレーブに脱水ヘプタン500mLを装入し、液温を50℃に維持し、先に得た溶液を0.8mL装入し、さらにイソブチルアルコールを0.96mmolゆっくり滴下装入し、15分間攪拌して、成分(a-5)を得た。
[成分(A-9)の調製]
上記調製方法により得られた成分(a-5)全量に対して、トリエチルアルミニウムをAl原子換算で1.68mmolゆっくりと滴下装入し、微粒子成分(A-9)を合成した。この反応液の一部を採取し、動的光散乱法により微粒子の平均粒径を測定したところ、80nmであった。
[エチレン重合]
前記成分(A-9)を含む反応液にエチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相をエチレンで飽和させた。次いで、前記遷移金属化合物(B-2)をZr原子換算で0.0001mmolを装入し、全圧が0.3MPaとなるようにエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で30分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、22.6gであり、触媒活性は452.0kg/mmol-Zr・h、[η]は28.6dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡観察によるポリマー粒子を構成する微小粒子の平均粒径は840nmであった(図20)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図21)。
[実施例12]
[成分(A-10)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lオートクレーブに脱水トルエン500mLを装入し、液温を50℃に維持し、実施例1と同様にして合成した成分(a-1)をMg原子換算で0.24mmol装入し、次いでトリイソブチルアルミニウムをAl原子換算で0.96mmolをゆっくりと滴下装入し、微粒子成分(A-10)を合成した。この反応液の一部を採取し、動的光散乱法により微粒子の平均粒径を測定したところ、40nmであった。
[エチレン重合]
前記成分(A-10)を含む反応液にエチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相をエチレンで飽和させた。次いで、前記遷移金属化合物(B-2)をZr原子換算で0.0003mmolを装入し、エチレン流量が0.5L/minとなるように水素濃度1000ppmを含むエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で15分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、一旦脱圧し、次いで全圧が0.3MPaとなるようにエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で25分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、41.8gであり、触媒活性は209.0kg/mmol-Zr・h、a工程で得られたポリエチレンの[η]は18.2dl/g、total[η]は33.9dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡観察によるポリマー粒子を構成する微小粒子の平均粒径は305nmであった(図22)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図23)。
[実施例13]
[エチレン重合]
前記成分(A-10)を含む反応液にエチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相をエチレンで飽和させた。次いで、前記遷移金属化合物(B-2)をZr原子換算で0.0003mmolを装入し、エチレン流量が0.5L/minとなるように水素濃度2000ppmを含むエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で15分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、一旦脱圧し、次いで全圧が0.3MPaとなるようにエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で31分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、34.3gであり、触媒活性は149.0kg/mmol-Zr・h、a工程で得られたポリエチレンの[η]は20.8dl/g、total[η]は34.7dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡観察によるポリマー粒子を構成する微小粒子の平均粒径は257nmであった(図24)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図25)。
[実施例14]
[エチレン重合]
前記成分(A-10)を含む反応液にエチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相をエチレンで飽和させた。次いで、前記遷移金属化合物(B-2)をZr原子換算で0.0003mmolを装入し、エチレン流量が0.5L/minとなるように水素濃度1000ppmを含むエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で7.5分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、一旦脱圧し、次いで全圧が0.3MPaとなるようにエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で23分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、42.7gであり、触媒活性は280.2kg/mmol-Zr・h、a工程で得られたポリエチレンの[η]は18.2dl/g、total[η]は34.1dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡観察によるポリマー粒子を構成する微小粒子の平均粒径は286nmであった(図26)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図27)。
[比較例1]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lガラス容器に、脱水トルエン500mlを装入し、エチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相を飽和させた。液温を5℃まで冷却し、メチルアルミノキサン(以下MAOと記載することがある)をAl原子換算で0.50mmol、前記遷移金属化合物(B-1)をZr原子換算で0.0008mmol装入し、10℃で30分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、塩酸を加えた2Lのメタノールに投入しポリマーを全量析出させ、ろ過した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、5.5gであり、触媒活性は24.9kg/mmol-Zr・h、[η]は38.5dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡により得られたポリマー粒子を観察したところ、微小粒子の集合体といったモルフォロジーは観察されなかった(図28)。
[比較例2]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lオートクレーブに脱水トルエン500mLを装入し、エチレンガスを吹き込み、液相および気相を飽和させた。次いで、メチルアルミノキサンをAl原子換算で1.25mmol、前記遷移金属化合物(B-4)をTi原子換算で0.001mmol装入し、全圧が0.3MPaとなるようにエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で30分間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、塩酸を加えた2Lのメタノールに投入しポリマーを全量析出させ、ろ過した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、9.9gであり、触媒活性は19.5kg/mmol-Ti・h、[η]は36.5dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡により得られたポリマー粒子を観察したところ、微小粒子の集合体といったモルフォロジーは観察されなかった(図30)。
[比較例3]
[固体成分(W)の調製]
窒素流通下、150℃で5時間乾燥した平均粒径5μmのシリカゲル(SiO2)30gを470mLの脱水トルエンに懸濁した後、メチルアルモキサンのトルエン溶液(Al原子換算で3.07mmol/mL)130mLを氷浴中0℃で30分間にわたり滴下装入した。滴下終了後、氷浴中で30分間撹拌し、次いで95℃まで昇温し、95℃で4時間反応させた。反応終了後、デカンテーションにより上澄み液を除去し、得られた固体成分を脱水トルエンで3回洗浄することで、固体成分(W)のトルエンスラリーを調製した。
[固体触媒成分(X)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き300mLガラス容器に脱水トルエン150mLを装入し、上記で調製した固体成分(W)のトルエンスラリーを固体部換算で1.34g装入した。次いで、前記遷移金属化合物(B-1)のトルエン溶液(Zr原子換算で0.001mmol/mL)40.0mLを滴下装入し、室温で1時間反応させた。その後、デカンテーションにより上澄み液を除去し、脱水トルエンで3回、脱水デカンで2回洗浄し、固体触媒成分(X)のデカンスラリーを調製した。得られた固体触媒成分(X)のデカンスラリーの一部を採取して濃度を調べたところ、Zr濃度0.000363mmol/mL、Al濃度0.0919mmol/mLであった。
[エチレン重合]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lオートクレーブに、脱水ヘプタン500mLを装入し、エチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相をエチレンで飽和させた。次いで、トリイソブチルアルミニウムをAl原子換算で0.35mmol、上記で調製した固体触媒成分(X)をZr原子換算で0.002mmol装入した。さらに、水素25mlを装入した後、全圧が0.8MPaとなるようにエチレンを供給しながら、50℃で1時間重合反応を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、63.1gであり、触媒活性は31.6kg/mmol-Zr・h、[η]は19.2dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡により得られたポリマー粒子を観察したところ、微小粒子の集合体といったモルフォロジーは観察されなかった(図32)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図33)。
[比較例4]
[固体成分(Y)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き2Lガラス容器に、無水塩化マグネシウム95.2g(1.0mol)、脱水デカン442mLおよび2-エチルヘキシルアルコール390.6g(3.0mol)を装入し、145℃で4時間反応を行い、均一透明溶液とした。次いで、別の充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lガラス容器に、前記均一透明溶液100mL(Mg原子換算で100mmol)、脱水デカン610mLを装入し、ホモジナイザー(エムテクニック社製クレアミックスCLM-1.5S、回転数10000rpm)による強撹拌下、液温を0℃に維持しながら、トリエチルアルミニウム104mmolをゆっくりと滴下装入した。その後、液温を4時間かけて80℃に昇温し、80℃を維持しながら、再びトリエチルアルミニウム202mmolをゆっくりと滴下装入し、さらに1時間反応した。反応終了後、ろ過にて固体部を採取し、脱水トルエンにて充分洗浄し、200mLの脱水トルエンを加えて固体成分(Y)のトルエンスラリーとした。このトルエンスラリーの一部を採取し、動的光散乱法により固体成分(Y)の粒径を測定したところ、750nmであった。
[固体触媒成分(Z)の調製]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き300mLガラス容器に脱水トルエン100mLを装入し、上記で調製した固体成分(Y)のトルエンスラリーをMg原子換算で5.0mmol装入した。次いで、遷移金属化合物(B-2)のトルエン溶液(Zr原子換算で0.001mmol/mL)7.0mLを滴下装入し、室温で1時間反応させた。その後、デカンテーションにより上澄み液を除去し、脱水トルエンで3回、脱水デカンで2回洗浄し、固体触媒成分(Z)のデカンスラリーを調製した。得られた固体触媒成分(Z)のデカンスラリーの一部を採取して濃度を調べたところ、Zr濃度0.000234mmol/mLであった。
[エチレン重合]
充分に窒素置換した撹拌機付き1Lオートクレーブに、脱水ヘプタン500mLを装入し、エチレンを吹き込み、液相および気相をエチレンで飽和させた。次いで、トリエチルアルミニウムをAl原子換算で1.00mmol、固体触媒成分(Z)をZr原子換算で0.0001mmol装入し、全圧が0.8MPaになるようにエチレンを供給しながら、70℃で3時間重合を行った。重合終了後、得られたポリマーをヘキサンで洗浄した後、80℃で1時間減圧予備乾燥を行い、さらに110℃にて10時間減圧乾燥した。得られたポリエチレンは、49.9gであり、触媒活性は166.2kg/mmol-Zr・h、[η]は27.5dl/gであった。走査型電子顕微鏡により得られたポリマー粒子を観察したところ、微小粒子の集合体といったモルフォロジーは観察されなかった(図34)。また、重合槽の状態を確認したところ、ポリマーの付着は見られなかった(図35)。
Claims (10)
- (A)少なくとも下記の2工程を経由して得られる、平均粒径が1nm以上、300nm以下の微粒子と、
(工程1)金属ハロゲン化物と、アルコールとを炭化水素溶媒中で接触させる工程、
(工程2)(工程1)で得られた成分と有機アルミニウム化合物、および/または、有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物とを接触させる工程、
(B)下記一般式(I)または一般式(II)で表される遷移金属化合物
とを含むオレフィン重合用触媒の存在下、エチレンの単独重合、もしくはエチレンと炭素原子数3~20の直鎖状または分岐状のα-オレフィンとを共重合させ、下記(E)を満たすエチレン系重合体粒子の製造方法。
(E)デカリン溶媒中、135℃で測定した極限粘度[η]が5~50dl/g
mは1~4の整数を示し、
R1~R5は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭化水素基、ヘテロ環式化合物残基、酸素含有基、窒素含有基、ホウ素含有基、イオウ含有基、リン含有基、ケイ素含有基、ゲルマニウム含有基、またはスズ含有基を示し、これらのうちの2個以上が互いに連結して環を形成していてもよく、
R6は、水素原子、1級または2級炭素のみからなる炭素数1~4の炭化水素基、炭素数4以上の脂肪族炭化水素基、アリール基置換アルキル基、単環性または二環性の脂環族炭化水素基、芳香族炭化水素基およびハロゲン原子から選ばれ、
nは、Mの価数を満たす数であり、
Xは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭化水素基、酸素含有基、イオウ含有基、窒素含有基、ホウ素含有基、アルミニウム含有基、リン含有基、ハロゲン含有基、ヘテロ環式化合物残基、ケイ素含有基、ゲルマニウム含有基、またはスズ含有基を示し、nが2以上の場合は、Xで示される複数の基は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、またXで示される複数の基は互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。)
R11~R18は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭化水素基、ヘテロ環式化合物残基、酸素含有基、窒素含有基、ホウ素含有基、イオウ含有基、リン含有基、ケイ素含有基、ゲルマニウム含有基、またはスズ含有基を示し、これらのうちの隣接する2個以上が互いに連結して環を形成していてもよく、
X1およびX2は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、炭化水素基、酸素含有基、イオウ含有基、ケイ素含有基、水素原子またはハロゲン原子を示し、
Yは、2価の炭化水素基、2価のハロゲン化炭化水素基、2価のケイ素含有基、2価のゲルマニウム含有基、2価のスズ含有基、-O-、-CO-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-Ge-、-Sn-、-NR-、-P(R)-、-P(O)(R)-、-BR-または-AlR-〔ただし、Rは、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭化水素基、ハロゲン化炭化水素基、アルコキシ基である〕) - 前記アルコールが、炭素原子数1~25のアルコールから選ばれる2種のアルコールの組み合わせであって、その2種のアルコールの炭素原子数の差が4以上である、請求項1に記載のエチレン系重合体粒子の製造方法。
- 前記2種のアルコールが、炭素原子数2~12のアルコールと、炭素原子数13~25のアルコールとの組み合わせである、請求項2に記載のエチレン系重合体粒子の製造方法。
- 前記2種のアルコールが、炭素原子数2~12のアルコールから選ばれる2種のアルコールの組み合わせである、請求項2に記載のエチレン系重合体粒子の製造方法。
- 前記(B)遷移金属化合物が、一般式(I)において、Mが、周期表第4族の遷移金属原子であり、
mは2であり、
R1は、炭素原子数1~20の直鎖状または分岐状の炭化水素基、炭素原子数3~20の脂環族炭化水素基、または炭素原子数6~20の芳香族炭化水素基から選ばれる基を示し、
R2~R5は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、または炭化水素基を示し、
R6は、炭素原子数5以上の脂肪族炭化水素基、アリール基置換アルキル基、単環性または二環性の脂環族炭化水素基、および芳香族炭化水素基から選ばれ、
Xは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、または炭化水素基を示す、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のエチレン系重合体粒子の製造方法。 - 前記エチレンの単独重合、もしくはエチレンと炭素原子数3~20の直鎖状または分岐状のα-オレフィンとの共重合が、多段重合で行われる、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のエチレン系重合体粒子の製造方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により得られる、平均粒径が、10nm以上3000nm未満の範囲にあるエチレン系重合体粒子。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により得られたエチレン系重合体粒子を用いる延伸成形体の製造方法。
- 固相延伸成形法で得られる請求項8に記載の延伸成形体の製造方法。
- 請求項8または9に記載の製造方法により得られる延伸成形体。
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JP7051395B2 (ja) | 2017-11-29 | 2022-04-11 | 旭化成株式会社 | エチレン重合体、及びその成形体 |
WO2020028331A1 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Polyethylene film |
EP4484155A2 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2025-01-01 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Polyethylene film |
JP7518642B2 (ja) | 2020-03-17 | 2024-07-18 | 三井化学株式会社 | エチレン系重合体粒子の製造方法および延伸成形体の製造方法 |
WO2023114080A1 (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2023-06-22 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Paste-processed ultra high molecular weight polyethylene expanded into dense articles |
WO2023145924A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-31 | 2023-08-03 | 三井化学株式会社 | エチレン系重合体粒子、エチレン系重合体粒子の製造方法、延伸成形体、延伸成形体の製造方法、およびその用途 |
WO2023154502A1 (en) | 2022-02-14 | 2023-08-17 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Method for producing porous articles from ultra high molecular weight polyethylene |
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JP5689473B2 (ja) | 2015-03-25 |
US20130209805A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
BR112013009340B1 (pt) | 2019-12-17 |
EP2631252A1 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
BR112013009340A2 (pt) | 2016-07-26 |
US9181359B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
CN103168052A (zh) | 2013-06-19 |
EP2631252A4 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
JPWO2012053261A1 (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
EP2631252B1 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
CN103168052B (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
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