CA1116026A - Dry transfer product and process - Google Patents
Dry transfer product and processInfo
- Publication number
- CA1116026A CA1116026A CA310,096A CA310096A CA1116026A CA 1116026 A CA1116026 A CA 1116026A CA 310096 A CA310096 A CA 310096A CA 1116026 A CA1116026 A CA 1116026A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- indicia
- surface layer
- ink
- carrier sheet
- receptor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A dry transfer material comprising a carrier sheet of from about 0.001 inch to 0.0025 inch thickness, which may in-clude a polymeric coating or a release chemical treatment, inked indicia printed thereon, and a pressure sensitive adhe-sive overlying said indicia, said dry transfer material being self-adherent to surfaces, without fastening or external sup-port, prior to transfer of the indicia, under the application of light rubbing or burnishing.
A dry transfer material comprising a carrier sheet of from about 0.001 inch to 0.0025 inch thickness, which may in-clude a polymeric coating or a release chemical treatment, inked indicia printed thereon, and a pressure sensitive adhe-sive overlying said indicia, said dry transfer material being self-adherent to surfaces, without fastening or external sup-port, prior to transfer of the indicia, under the application of light rubbing or burnishing.
Description
l6~
This invention relates to new and improved sel~adherent dry transfer materials and methods for their use.
The transfer o inclicia from one surface to another has long been used in the graphic arts ~eld for the creation of advertising media and art work. Among the older methods of trans-fer were those which employed water to effect transfer of the indicia. These generally involved the printing of indicia upon a transparent carrier sheet adhered to a support sheet by a water-soluble adhesive. Water was used to soften the adhesive and permit removal of the txansparent carrier sheet from the support sheet, after which the carrier sheet, with the indicia thereon, was applied to a receptor surface. The disadvantages of such "wet process" technique were the difficulty in positioning the carrier sheets properly, as well as the cumbersomeness of their applica-tion and their unsuitabilit~ for many purposes.
More recently, a number of techniques have been developed which eliminate the need for treatment with water to effect release from the support sheet. These are generally referred to as "dry transfer" processes. The elements of the more ~dva~ced "dry transfer" techniques generally involve, first, the printing of indicia upon a supporting or carrier sheet, then the superimposi-tion of an adhesive film, having pressure-sensitive properties, upon the indicia. The images are transferred from the carrier sheet to the adhesive film by placing the laminate, adhesive side down, upon a receptor surface and applying pressure by rubbing or burnishing the back of the carrier sheet above the indicia. Due to the lower degree of adhesion of the indicia to the carrier sheet than to the pressure-sensitive adhesive, when subjected to the pressure of the burnishing or rubbing, the indicia is released from the carrier sheet -- 1 .
,. ~ ~
..
~, , , , ~ .
::, ~ ., 11~1l~6 to the receptor surface.
A number of dry transfer materials have been developed along the lines described above. One technique employs indicia which have a low degree of adhesion to the carrier film, which may include a polymeric coating. The indicia-forming inks used in such systems are formulated with additives to decrease the adhesion between the carrier film and the indicia.
Another method employs a carrier sheet -trea-ted with release chemicals having comparitively low surface energy, such as silicones, hydrocarbon and ester waxes,fluoro-chemicals, etc.
These adhesive treatments facilitate the release of indicia printed thereon.
Another dry transfer system employs a microencapsulated adhesive applied to the indicia printed on a carrier sheet.
Still another "dry transfer" method involves the application of indicia to a carrier sheet and coating the indicia with a pressure-sensitive adhesive. The carrier sheet that is used in this system is a material which is capable of stretching when subjected to the mechanical forces of rubbing or burnishing.
The separation of the indicia occurs during the stretching of the carrier sheet.
In contrast, a superior dry transfer material is con-structed of a non-extensible carrier film which includes an essentially non-extensible solvent-susceptible, polymeric coating upon which indicia and pressure-sensitive adhesive are super-imposed.
All of the above systems, as well as others known to the art, may be employed to transfer printed indicia onto surfaces in general, but when applied to vertical surfaces , such as walls or "unsupported" horizon-tal suxfaces such as ceilings or the underside of horizontally positioned objects, these systems require manual support or mechanical or ad-hesive fastening prior to transfer in order to facilitate super-positioning. Withbut provision for fastening it be-comes physically impossible for one person to employ transfer sheets covering large areas. Temporary adhesive or mechani-cal fastening is undesirable because of the inherent poten-tial for damage or marring of surfaces.
An object of thé present invention, therefore, is to provide a new and improved l'dry transfer" system which over-comes the aforesaid limitations and disaclvantages of prior "dry transfer" systems.
A further object of this invention is to provide a 'Idry transfer" material which seIf-adheres to vertical and "unsupported" horizontal surfaces prior to transfer without recourse to adhésive or mechanical fastening to permit align-ment.
A further object of the pres~ent invention is to pro- ;
vide 'Idry transfer" decals with tough and durable indicia, particularly suitable for application to surfaces such as walls, furniture and other articles subject to abrasion or scratching, as well as to the action of detergents and ;~
abrasive cleaners.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a "dry transfer" product having uni~orm transfer characteristics under light rubbing or burnishing and hav-ing indefinite shelf life.
Other objects are many of the attendant advantages of this-invention will be readily appreciated as the same be-comes better understood by re~erence to the following de-scription, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
: . ~
~$~
Fig. 1 is a per6pective view of a dry transfer ma-terial embodying the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view o~ the material of Fig. 1 as applied to a receptor sheet.
According to the preselit invention, a dry transfer material is provided which comprises a carrier sheet, a transferable indicia layer applied to the'carrier she'et, and an outermost layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive. The carrier sheet includes a polymeric coating having a low modu-lus of elongation and, contrary to prior teachings, prefera-bly susceptibIe to thé absorption and desorption of solvents commonly used in printing inks.
More specifically, the carrier sheet is essentially non-extensible'under normal conditions of burnishi'ng and is of pellucid quality in order to permit accurate posi~ionin`g of the indicia during transf~r. ~cceptable carrier sheets include'polyester and other light-transmitting polymer films of low-extensibility under the''stresses encountered under light rubbing or burnishing conditions.
The carrier sheets of this invention have thicknesses of about 0.'001 inch. Particularly suitable'are'certain grades of polyester fi'lms wh'ich'require'tensile stresses greater than : lo, ooa psi to produce elongation of about 5~. ~`
Surprisingly, it has~been found that if the thickness of the carrier sheét, including polymeric coating or release chemical treatmentl is limited to about 0.001 to 0.0025 inch~
the advantageous property of self-adherence to surfaces is present in the final dry transfer product.
Referring in greater detail to the drawings wherein similar reference'characters refer to similar parts, the dry transfer material, generally designate~d 10,' comprises~a .. . ...
'. ~
IL$ ~ ~
carrier sheet or film 12 made of polyester or the'like, on which is applied a polymeric coating 14. The coating 14 should have a pellucid quality and, preferably, should have a dimensional stability similar to that of the'film 12 to which it is applied. The coating may be'provided in either a smooth.'or matte finish,' but it is preferabIe that the coating be:susceptibl'e:to:penetration by thé solvents normally employed in the formulation of printing inks, such as used to form the indicia shown in the form of a printed "A" at 16.
Unexpectedly, it has been found that such'i.n]cs' can '': :~
be applied withbut apparent effect on the bond between the carrier sheet and the' coating and without ultimate effect on the integrity of the'polymeric film. This property per-mits a more.'positive and uniform control of the degree of adhesion of the indicia to the'carrier sheet and greatly '~
simplifies' the'probIem of formulating inks to provide ade-quate we'tting wi~th good definition of the:indicia, while mainta:ining a sufficient and uniform degree'of adhésion of the indicia to the carrier film sufficient:to prevent pre mature'release on sto:rage'and handllng.
Among thb'pol.ymeric coatings which may be:used for :
the present purpose~are'res:ins which are'good film formers and which'are capable'of both:good solvent absorption and good solvent rel'ease. Examples of such'materials are phenol-formeLdehyde resins, styrenated alkyd res'ins, styrenated oils, rosln,:maleic anhydride'resins, epoxy resins, as well as certain other thermosetting and the~rmoplastic resins, and ~' may be:photocurable,' self-curing or pre-formed. They may be applied by roller-coating or any other suitabl'e means. ;~
The following is illustr:ative'of the invention:
-:, :
Ex~ le 1 A styrenated-al.~yd resin coating was applied to a polyester film and then exposed to a number of chemicals fre-quently used as ink solvents. Thes'e'included aromatic hydro-carbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene,: trimethyl benzéne, aromatic naphtha and nitrobenzene; esters such'as butyl ace-tate,.amyl acetate,' ethylene glycol acetate,' butyl lactate and ethyl lactate;' ketones such'as acetophenone,: me-thyl eth~l ketone, methyl propyl ketone,' methy amyl ketone, methyl iso-butyl ketone, methyl hbxyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl hex-anone, diacetone alcohbl and acetone; and ethe'r alcohols such ::
as bùtyl either'or ethylene glycol, methy.l ether of ethylene glycol, butyl either of diethylene glycol, nitropropanes, and mixtures thereof.
~ . :Penetration of each'solvent into different areas of the res'in was-dete:cted after brlef exposures of from about 30.seconds to 5 minute:s by lightly wiping the.'exposed area with'.cheese clo-th'to remove the polymeric coating from the supporting film.
After the solvents~-are removed and the coating is dried, the coating cannot be removed by ordinary wiping.
As an example of this, in a series of parallel exposures, the coating was treated with:the'solvents:mentioned above; but subsequent to: an exposure:of about 30'seconds-to: about 5 minute:s,: the treated coating was heate:d in a forced-air oven for about 5 to lO minutes:at a temperature of hetwe'en about 100..-140.F. The'areas of coating previously exposed to the ~' solvent remained essentially unaffected and could not be re- ~' moved by wiping; they remained intact an`d firmly adhered to the substrate.' Since the'dry transfer products of this invention ~ ~ .
, , .. ::
may be exposed to abrasion, the indicia-forming ink should preferably contain film-forming ingredients of high mechanical strength.' These films shbuld have a hi'gh'sheen and should be tough'and of high tensile stren~th'in order to withstand the stress of burnishing and have satisfactory durability after transfer to the reception surface. Pre~erably, thes'e inks are based on polymers such'as nitroceIlulosa,' polyacrylate or polyvinyl chloride-polyvinyl acetate copolymers and their mixtures. Without being bound by any particular thbory, it appears that the'diffusion of solvent from the ink layer and its subsequent evaporation causes softening or plasticizing at the surface o the polymeric coating~ permitting a more ' uniorm distribution of thb'physical force responsible for adhesion. In this manner, it is possible'to provide'the uniform but limited degree of adhesion that is required for ready release'under ihe stress of burnishing the'carrier film, while avoiding any nonuniform or premature release under ambient conditions.
A distinct advantage over prior "dry transfer" pro-ducts is provided by the good wettabilit~ of the'polymeric coating used in the'process of the present invention. In this ~
manner, it is possibIe to combine satisfactory adhesion with ~' good indicia definition.
The'~adhesive, shown at ]8, which'is employed in the present invention, may be applied in register with the indicia '~
or over both the indicia and the areas-of the polymeric ~ ;~
coating surface'not covered by the indicia. Since it is frequently necessary to place the "dry transfer" decal against the receptor surface, shown at 20'in Fig. 2, and move it into desired position, the~adhesive 18 should, preferabIy, be one ;~
which wi'll be'substantially non-adherent to the receptor ., ~
- : ~ i , surface 20 under liyht pressure; for example, a pressure of at least abou-t 50'psi, which may be'produced by rubbing or burnishing the supporting or carrier sheet. Pressured sensitive adhesives of this -type are considered to have low dry tack.
The adhesive'should be chosen so that the degree of adhesion of the adhesive to the indicia film and thé adhesive film to the receptor surface is greater than that of thé
indicia for the polymeric coating of the' carrier sheet when localized pres'sure is applied to the'carrier sheet opposite the indicia. Additionally, it is desirable'to use an adhe-sive from areas overlapping the indicia whbn pressure is applied to the carrier film in the vicinity of the'indicia.
As the indicia is adhered to the'receptor surfaces by burn-ishing, it shears the adhesive along th~e outline of the indicia so that, essentially, none-of thb overlapping adhesive' is transferred.
In order to achieve the above'result, the pressure-sensitive~adhesive~should not be a hi:ghly cohesive film former. Proper formulation of polymers, tackifiers ana fillers achieve this result. Adhesive based on natural rub-ber and synthetic rubber such'as styrenebutadiene,' polyisobu-tylene,' polycis-l, 4-isoprene are suitable. ' Using the proper combination of a'support or carrier sheet, ink and adhe'sive'selecte~d to provide'the'aforementioned properties, a dry transfer decal was prepared as follows~:
Ex'ample'2 A 0.45 mil. thickness polyester film of low extensi-bility coated with a styrenated alkyd resin of nominal 0.5 mil, thickness, was printed with a lacquer-type printing ink of the following composition:
omponents 'Parts b~ Wt.
vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate, copolymer 10~
polyester plasticizer 20 cyclohexanone 190 carbon black 15 The ink was dried in a continuous feed forced-air oven and then coated with a pressure-sensitive'aahesive of the follow ing composition~
Comp_nents Par'ts by Wt.
Polycis~ -isoprene 5~5 polyterpene resin 9.5 silica filler 3.'Q' antioxidant 0.3 naphtha 40.0 mineral spirits 40'.0 After drying, the'dry transfer sheet was first placed against a painted plaster wall and then against a ceiling, and found to be'self-adherent in both'cases'. After proper alignment of thé~sheet, the'indicia was easily transferred by light rubbing of the outer surface of the carrier sheet. ' The dry transfer sheets of Example 1 remained un-changed after storage of at least one'year, and the indicia remained uniformly adhered to thé carrier sheet until transferred.
Dry transfer products prepared in an identical manner but having a polyester carrier sheet including polymeric coating of 2.0 mil and 2.5'mil thickness were respectively Eound to be similarly "self-adherent".
~ y contrast, a dry transfer product identically pre-pared but having polyes'ter carrier sheet including polymeric coating of 3.'5 mil. thïckness did not "seLf-adhere".
~ lthough,' as previously noted in the aforesaid co-pending application, the dry transfer products prepared with'carrier sheets including a solvent-susceptibIe, .
~L~æ~
essentially non-extensibIe polymeric coating, are parkicu-larly advantagebus, a solvent-inert, es:sentially non-extensibIe polymeric coating comprising an essentially non-extensible cross-linked, modified thermosetting acid-cata-lyzed urea-formaldehyde resin coating, when similarly ap-plied to polyester film, also has the property of forming a "self-adherent" dry transfer product provided that the thickness of the carrier sheet is limited to thé range o from about 1 mil to 2.5 mil (about 0.001 to 0.0025 inch).
: , .
This invention relates to new and improved sel~adherent dry transfer materials and methods for their use.
The transfer o inclicia from one surface to another has long been used in the graphic arts ~eld for the creation of advertising media and art work. Among the older methods of trans-fer were those which employed water to effect transfer of the indicia. These generally involved the printing of indicia upon a transparent carrier sheet adhered to a support sheet by a water-soluble adhesive. Water was used to soften the adhesive and permit removal of the txansparent carrier sheet from the support sheet, after which the carrier sheet, with the indicia thereon, was applied to a receptor surface. The disadvantages of such "wet process" technique were the difficulty in positioning the carrier sheets properly, as well as the cumbersomeness of their applica-tion and their unsuitabilit~ for many purposes.
More recently, a number of techniques have been developed which eliminate the need for treatment with water to effect release from the support sheet. These are generally referred to as "dry transfer" processes. The elements of the more ~dva~ced "dry transfer" techniques generally involve, first, the printing of indicia upon a supporting or carrier sheet, then the superimposi-tion of an adhesive film, having pressure-sensitive properties, upon the indicia. The images are transferred from the carrier sheet to the adhesive film by placing the laminate, adhesive side down, upon a receptor surface and applying pressure by rubbing or burnishing the back of the carrier sheet above the indicia. Due to the lower degree of adhesion of the indicia to the carrier sheet than to the pressure-sensitive adhesive, when subjected to the pressure of the burnishing or rubbing, the indicia is released from the carrier sheet -- 1 .
,. ~ ~
..
~, , , , ~ .
::, ~ ., 11~1l~6 to the receptor surface.
A number of dry transfer materials have been developed along the lines described above. One technique employs indicia which have a low degree of adhesion to the carrier film, which may include a polymeric coating. The indicia-forming inks used in such systems are formulated with additives to decrease the adhesion between the carrier film and the indicia.
Another method employs a carrier sheet -trea-ted with release chemicals having comparitively low surface energy, such as silicones, hydrocarbon and ester waxes,fluoro-chemicals, etc.
These adhesive treatments facilitate the release of indicia printed thereon.
Another dry transfer system employs a microencapsulated adhesive applied to the indicia printed on a carrier sheet.
Still another "dry transfer" method involves the application of indicia to a carrier sheet and coating the indicia with a pressure-sensitive adhesive. The carrier sheet that is used in this system is a material which is capable of stretching when subjected to the mechanical forces of rubbing or burnishing.
The separation of the indicia occurs during the stretching of the carrier sheet.
In contrast, a superior dry transfer material is con-structed of a non-extensible carrier film which includes an essentially non-extensible solvent-susceptible, polymeric coating upon which indicia and pressure-sensitive adhesive are super-imposed.
All of the above systems, as well as others known to the art, may be employed to transfer printed indicia onto surfaces in general, but when applied to vertical surfaces , such as walls or "unsupported" horizon-tal suxfaces such as ceilings or the underside of horizontally positioned objects, these systems require manual support or mechanical or ad-hesive fastening prior to transfer in order to facilitate super-positioning. Withbut provision for fastening it be-comes physically impossible for one person to employ transfer sheets covering large areas. Temporary adhesive or mechani-cal fastening is undesirable because of the inherent poten-tial for damage or marring of surfaces.
An object of thé present invention, therefore, is to provide a new and improved l'dry transfer" system which over-comes the aforesaid limitations and disaclvantages of prior "dry transfer" systems.
A further object of this invention is to provide a 'Idry transfer" material which seIf-adheres to vertical and "unsupported" horizontal surfaces prior to transfer without recourse to adhésive or mechanical fastening to permit align-ment.
A further object of the pres~ent invention is to pro- ;
vide 'Idry transfer" decals with tough and durable indicia, particularly suitable for application to surfaces such as walls, furniture and other articles subject to abrasion or scratching, as well as to the action of detergents and ;~
abrasive cleaners.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a "dry transfer" product having uni~orm transfer characteristics under light rubbing or burnishing and hav-ing indefinite shelf life.
Other objects are many of the attendant advantages of this-invention will be readily appreciated as the same be-comes better understood by re~erence to the following de-scription, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
: . ~
~$~
Fig. 1 is a per6pective view of a dry transfer ma-terial embodying the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view o~ the material of Fig. 1 as applied to a receptor sheet.
According to the preselit invention, a dry transfer material is provided which comprises a carrier sheet, a transferable indicia layer applied to the'carrier she'et, and an outermost layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive. The carrier sheet includes a polymeric coating having a low modu-lus of elongation and, contrary to prior teachings, prefera-bly susceptibIe to thé absorption and desorption of solvents commonly used in printing inks.
More specifically, the carrier sheet is essentially non-extensible'under normal conditions of burnishi'ng and is of pellucid quality in order to permit accurate posi~ionin`g of the indicia during transf~r. ~cceptable carrier sheets include'polyester and other light-transmitting polymer films of low-extensibility under the''stresses encountered under light rubbing or burnishing conditions.
The carrier sheets of this invention have thicknesses of about 0.'001 inch. Particularly suitable'are'certain grades of polyester fi'lms wh'ich'require'tensile stresses greater than : lo, ooa psi to produce elongation of about 5~. ~`
Surprisingly, it has~been found that if the thickness of the carrier sheét, including polymeric coating or release chemical treatmentl is limited to about 0.001 to 0.0025 inch~
the advantageous property of self-adherence to surfaces is present in the final dry transfer product.
Referring in greater detail to the drawings wherein similar reference'characters refer to similar parts, the dry transfer material, generally designate~d 10,' comprises~a .. . ...
'. ~
IL$ ~ ~
carrier sheet or film 12 made of polyester or the'like, on which is applied a polymeric coating 14. The coating 14 should have a pellucid quality and, preferably, should have a dimensional stability similar to that of the'film 12 to which it is applied. The coating may be'provided in either a smooth.'or matte finish,' but it is preferabIe that the coating be:susceptibl'e:to:penetration by thé solvents normally employed in the formulation of printing inks, such as used to form the indicia shown in the form of a printed "A" at 16.
Unexpectedly, it has been found that such'i.n]cs' can '': :~
be applied withbut apparent effect on the bond between the carrier sheet and the' coating and without ultimate effect on the integrity of the'polymeric film. This property per-mits a more.'positive and uniform control of the degree of adhesion of the indicia to the'carrier sheet and greatly '~
simplifies' the'probIem of formulating inks to provide ade-quate we'tting wi~th good definition of the:indicia, while mainta:ining a sufficient and uniform degree'of adhésion of the indicia to the carrier film sufficient:to prevent pre mature'release on sto:rage'and handllng.
Among thb'pol.ymeric coatings which may be:used for :
the present purpose~are'res:ins which are'good film formers and which'are capable'of both:good solvent absorption and good solvent rel'ease. Examples of such'materials are phenol-formeLdehyde resins, styrenated alkyd res'ins, styrenated oils, rosln,:maleic anhydride'resins, epoxy resins, as well as certain other thermosetting and the~rmoplastic resins, and ~' may be:photocurable,' self-curing or pre-formed. They may be applied by roller-coating or any other suitabl'e means. ;~
The following is illustr:ative'of the invention:
-:, :
Ex~ le 1 A styrenated-al.~yd resin coating was applied to a polyester film and then exposed to a number of chemicals fre-quently used as ink solvents. Thes'e'included aromatic hydro-carbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene,: trimethyl benzéne, aromatic naphtha and nitrobenzene; esters such'as butyl ace-tate,.amyl acetate,' ethylene glycol acetate,' butyl lactate and ethyl lactate;' ketones such'as acetophenone,: me-thyl eth~l ketone, methyl propyl ketone,' methy amyl ketone, methyl iso-butyl ketone, methyl hbxyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl hex-anone, diacetone alcohbl and acetone; and ethe'r alcohols such ::
as bùtyl either'or ethylene glycol, methy.l ether of ethylene glycol, butyl either of diethylene glycol, nitropropanes, and mixtures thereof.
~ . :Penetration of each'solvent into different areas of the res'in was-dete:cted after brlef exposures of from about 30.seconds to 5 minute:s by lightly wiping the.'exposed area with'.cheese clo-th'to remove the polymeric coating from the supporting film.
After the solvents~-are removed and the coating is dried, the coating cannot be removed by ordinary wiping.
As an example of this, in a series of parallel exposures, the coating was treated with:the'solvents:mentioned above; but subsequent to: an exposure:of about 30'seconds-to: about 5 minute:s,: the treated coating was heate:d in a forced-air oven for about 5 to lO minutes:at a temperature of hetwe'en about 100..-140.F. The'areas of coating previously exposed to the ~' solvent remained essentially unaffected and could not be re- ~' moved by wiping; they remained intact an`d firmly adhered to the substrate.' Since the'dry transfer products of this invention ~ ~ .
, , .. ::
may be exposed to abrasion, the indicia-forming ink should preferably contain film-forming ingredients of high mechanical strength.' These films shbuld have a hi'gh'sheen and should be tough'and of high tensile stren~th'in order to withstand the stress of burnishing and have satisfactory durability after transfer to the reception surface. Pre~erably, thes'e inks are based on polymers such'as nitroceIlulosa,' polyacrylate or polyvinyl chloride-polyvinyl acetate copolymers and their mixtures. Without being bound by any particular thbory, it appears that the'diffusion of solvent from the ink layer and its subsequent evaporation causes softening or plasticizing at the surface o the polymeric coating~ permitting a more ' uniorm distribution of thb'physical force responsible for adhesion. In this manner, it is possible'to provide'the uniform but limited degree of adhesion that is required for ready release'under ihe stress of burnishing the'carrier film, while avoiding any nonuniform or premature release under ambient conditions.
A distinct advantage over prior "dry transfer" pro-ducts is provided by the good wettabilit~ of the'polymeric coating used in the'process of the present invention. In this ~
manner, it is possibIe to combine satisfactory adhesion with ~' good indicia definition.
The'~adhesive, shown at ]8, which'is employed in the present invention, may be applied in register with the indicia '~
or over both the indicia and the areas-of the polymeric ~ ;~
coating surface'not covered by the indicia. Since it is frequently necessary to place the "dry transfer" decal against the receptor surface, shown at 20'in Fig. 2, and move it into desired position, the~adhesive 18 should, preferabIy, be one ;~
which wi'll be'substantially non-adherent to the receptor ., ~
- : ~ i , surface 20 under liyht pressure; for example, a pressure of at least abou-t 50'psi, which may be'produced by rubbing or burnishing the supporting or carrier sheet. Pressured sensitive adhesives of this -type are considered to have low dry tack.
The adhesive'should be chosen so that the degree of adhesion of the adhesive to the indicia film and thé adhesive film to the receptor surface is greater than that of thé
indicia for the polymeric coating of the' carrier sheet when localized pres'sure is applied to the'carrier sheet opposite the indicia. Additionally, it is desirable'to use an adhe-sive from areas overlapping the indicia whbn pressure is applied to the carrier film in the vicinity of the'indicia.
As the indicia is adhered to the'receptor surfaces by burn-ishing, it shears the adhesive along th~e outline of the indicia so that, essentially, none-of thb overlapping adhesive' is transferred.
In order to achieve the above'result, the pressure-sensitive~adhesive~should not be a hi:ghly cohesive film former. Proper formulation of polymers, tackifiers ana fillers achieve this result. Adhesive based on natural rub-ber and synthetic rubber such'as styrenebutadiene,' polyisobu-tylene,' polycis-l, 4-isoprene are suitable. ' Using the proper combination of a'support or carrier sheet, ink and adhe'sive'selecte~d to provide'the'aforementioned properties, a dry transfer decal was prepared as follows~:
Ex'ample'2 A 0.45 mil. thickness polyester film of low extensi-bility coated with a styrenated alkyd resin of nominal 0.5 mil, thickness, was printed with a lacquer-type printing ink of the following composition:
omponents 'Parts b~ Wt.
vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate, copolymer 10~
polyester plasticizer 20 cyclohexanone 190 carbon black 15 The ink was dried in a continuous feed forced-air oven and then coated with a pressure-sensitive'aahesive of the follow ing composition~
Comp_nents Par'ts by Wt.
Polycis~ -isoprene 5~5 polyterpene resin 9.5 silica filler 3.'Q' antioxidant 0.3 naphtha 40.0 mineral spirits 40'.0 After drying, the'dry transfer sheet was first placed against a painted plaster wall and then against a ceiling, and found to be'self-adherent in both'cases'. After proper alignment of thé~sheet, the'indicia was easily transferred by light rubbing of the outer surface of the carrier sheet. ' The dry transfer sheets of Example 1 remained un-changed after storage of at least one'year, and the indicia remained uniformly adhered to thé carrier sheet until transferred.
Dry transfer products prepared in an identical manner but having a polyester carrier sheet including polymeric coating of 2.0 mil and 2.5'mil thickness were respectively Eound to be similarly "self-adherent".
~ y contrast, a dry transfer product identically pre-pared but having polyes'ter carrier sheet including polymeric coating of 3.'5 mil. thïckness did not "seLf-adhere".
~ lthough,' as previously noted in the aforesaid co-pending application, the dry transfer products prepared with'carrier sheets including a solvent-susceptibIe, .
~L~æ~
essentially non-extensibIe polymeric coating, are parkicu-larly advantagebus, a solvent-inert, es:sentially non-extensibIe polymeric coating comprising an essentially non-extensible cross-linked, modified thermosetting acid-cata-lyzed urea-formaldehyde resin coating, when similarly ap-plied to polyester film, also has the property of forming a "self-adherent" dry transfer product provided that the thickness of the carrier sheet is limited to thé range o from about 1 mil to 2.5 mil (about 0.001 to 0.0025 inch).
: , .
Claims (8)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A dry transfer material comprising a non-extensi-ble carrier sheet constructed of a light-transmitting polymer film of low extensibility under the stresses of light rub-bing or burnishing, said sheet having a polymeric surface layer which is substantially non-extensible, ink-printed indicia on said polymeric surface layer, said indicia being capable of being transferred to a receptor surface without the application of heat, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive coating overlying said indicia, said material being self-adherent to a receptor surface to which it is applied, said carrier sheet having a thickness of about 0.001 to 0.0025 inch.
2. The material of claim 1 wherein said surface layer is susceptable to penetration by ink-carrying solvents.
3. The material of claim 1 wherein said surface layer is not susceptable to penetration by ink-carrying solvents.
4. The material of claim 1 wherein said adhesive coat-ing has greater adhesion to said indicia than the indicia has to said surface layer.
5. The material of claim 1 wherein said adhesive coat-ing overlies both the indicia and the surface layer and has greater adhesion to said surface layer than to a receptor surface to which said material is applied.
6. The material of claim 1 wherein said ink-printed indicia is formed by an ink based upon a member selected from the group consisting of nitrocellulose, polyacrylate, poly-vinyl chloride-polyvinyl acetate copolymers, and mixtures thereof.
7. The material of claim 1 wherein said ink-carrying solvents are selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydro-carbons, esters, ketones, and ether alcohols.
8. A method of transferring indicia from one surface to another which comprises applying a self-adherent transfer material to a receptor surface by placing the transfer material against the receptor surface and causing adherence therebetween in the absence of other fastening means, said transfer material comprising a non-extensible carrier sheet having a thickness of about 0.001 to 0.0025 inch constructed of a light-transmitting polymer film of low extensibility under the stresses of light rubbing or burnishing, said sheet having a polymeric surface layer which is substantially non-extensible, ink-printed indicia on said polymeric surface layer, said indicia being capable of being transferred to a receptor surface without the application of heat, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive coating overlying said indicia, and then applying a predetermined pressure, at ambient temperature, to said transfer material to transfer said indicia and the adhesive coating over-lying said indicia to said receptor surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA310,096A CA1116026A (en) | 1978-08-25 | 1978-08-25 | Dry transfer product and process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA310,096A CA1116026A (en) | 1978-08-25 | 1978-08-25 | Dry transfer product and process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1116026A true CA1116026A (en) | 1982-01-12 |
Family
ID=4112207
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA310,096A Expired CA1116026A (en) | 1978-08-25 | 1978-08-25 | Dry transfer product and process |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1116026A (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-08-25 CA CA310,096A patent/CA1116026A/en not_active Expired
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |
