CH631875A5 - Process for the preparation of feed additives - Google Patents

Description

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PATENT CLAIMS

1. A process for producing a feed additive based on liquid brewer's yeast, characterized in that the liquid brewer's yeast, with a dry matter content of 8 to 25% by weight, is mixed with 0.5 to 4% by weight of organic acid.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that propionic acid is used as the organic acid.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that 1 wt .-% propionic acid is used.

4. Use of the feed additive, which was prepared according to claim 1, for feeding monogastrene.

The present application relates to a method for producing feed additives for monogastre based on liquid brewer's yeast which contain organic acids, in particular propionic acid.

In addition to beer spent grains, liquid beer yeast with a dry matter content of around 8-25% by weight is obtained as a further by-product for animal nutrition. Due to its high vitamin and protein content, brewer's yeast is one of the most valuable by-products of the brewery; it is therefore becoming increasingly popular in animal nutrition.

The feeding of liquid, uncooked brewer's yeast to ruminants is known. It is easily possible to administer up to 151 liquid brewer's yeast to dairy cows every day. In addition, fresh brewer's yeast can be used as an excellent protein feed in young cattle fattening. It can ensure the protein balance in a feed with high proportions of corn silage and cereals.

Brewer's yeast is particularly suitable for use in mixed pork feed due to its high content of digestible protein, usable energy and useful vitamins and minerals.

The digestibility of the individual nutrients is 92-97%. The content of essential amino acids can be regarded as favorable.

The biological value of the yeast protein is about 70. It is therefore in the range known for the protein of soybeans (75), wheat bran (74) and potatoes (71). This comparison cuts significantly worse, e.g. the protein from peanuts (58), peas (48) and maize (54-60). Of the protein-containing feedstuffs commonly used in pig feeding, only fish protein with a biological value of 76-90 is better than the yeast protein. Brewer's yeast is rich in vitamins and various minerals, especially phosphorus.

Liquid brewer's yeast is very water-rich; their dry matter content fluctuates in a wide range around an average of about 11-13%. Nevertheless, the recycling of the freshly produced brewer's yeast at Monogastren is Fattening pigs are of interest, as the following calculation shows: 11 fresh brewer's yeast with a dry matter content of 12% contains 120 kg of brewer's yeast dry matter, which, after rough calculation, is nutritionally equivalent to about 150 kg soybean meal (87% dry matter).

Feeding fresh, untreated brewer's yeast to pigs, however, is difficult. It is known that the living yeast cells in the animal's digestive tract cause false fermentation and persistent diarrhea.

In addition, the resorbability of nutrients and vitamins from living yeast cells seems to be worse than from killed yeast. It is known to have fresh brewer's yeast before

Cooking feed to pigs, but this entails a decrease in the digestibility of the nutrients and thus leads to a lower feed value of the yeast. For this reason and obviously because of the relatively high investment costs and the great effort involved in operating the systems, this method (cooking fresh liquid brewer's yeast) has not been able to become generally accepted until now.

A process is therefore sought for the production of feed additives based on liquid brewer's yeast for monogastrene, which can be tolerated by the animals over a longer period of time without disruption without prior boiling.

It has been found that feed additives for monogastre based on liquid brewer's yeast do not have the disadvantages described above when the liquid brewer's yeast is mixed with 0.5 to 4% by weight of organic acid. In this context, monogastren are preferably to be understood as pigs. Liquid brewer's yeast means brewer's yeast with a dry matter content of 8 to 25% by weight. Liquid brewer's yeast in the narrower sense is to be understood as brewer's yeast with a dry matter content of 8 to 18% by weight as well as pressed liquid beer yeast with a dry matter content of 23 to 25% by weight. The weight specifications 0.5 to 4% by weight each relate to the liquid brewer's yeast in its present form, i.e. Dry matter plus water. A 1% organic acid content means that, for example, 99 kg of liquid brewer's yeast or squeezed brewer's yeast is added to one kilogram of organic acid. Organic acid is preferably understood to mean lower organic acids, in particular propionic acid, furthermore, for example, acetic acid, formic acid or acrylic acid and mixtures thereof. Propionic acid is preferred. We have found feed additives containing 1% by weight propionic acid to be particularly effective.

The mixing can take place, for example, in such a way that the acid is poured into the yeast or the yeast is poured into the acid and mixed thoroughly. The advantage of the new feed additives can be seen in the fact that they are easy and simple to produce and their protein is easily digestible, while brewing yeast is cumbersome and time-consuming and involves considerable energy consumption, and the protein is more difficult to digest when cooked. In contrast, the new feed additives can be prepared by simply pouring the acid into the yeast and stirring.

Brewer's yeast contains bitter substances from the hops used in the production of beer, which impair the taste of this yeast and are responsible for ensuring that the animals only consume a limited amount of brewer's yeast in the feed. It is surprising that the animals absorb relatively large amounts of the new feed additives in the feed, although the bitter substances have not been removed from the brewer's yeast and the bitter, sour taste is enhanced by the acid addition.

It is also surprising that the brewer's yeast is almost completely digested in the new feed additives, although the yeast cells do not burst open in the mixture with organic acids and one would therefore have to assume that the content of the yeast cells is not accessible to the digestive juices.

example 1

Utilization of liquid brewer's yeast treated with propionic acid by piglets

When they receive high-quality feed, happy piglets show very intensive growth in the weight range of around 10-25 kg. Feed whose feed value has been checked

2nd

s

10th

15

20th

25th

30th

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

should be tested particularly well in such animals because they react immediately with insufficient weight gain if only poorly or moderately usable feed is contained in high proportions in the total feed. In particular, based on the total gain or daily weight gain registered in the piglet test 5, a reliable statement can be made about the value of the tested feed for pig nutrition.

An experiment was carried out with piglets to determine the feed value of liquid brewer's yeast, treated with 1% 10

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Propionic acid (1000 g per 100 kg liquid brewer's yeast). A total of 24 piglets were kept in a fully air-conditioned barn. The average weight was about 8 kg. After a 12-day pre-feeding period, 2 feeding groups with 12 animals each were formed, which were roughly similar in terms of weight and growth intensity. The two groups of animals received a different diet over a period of 3 weeks, as shown in the following table:

table

Feeding experiment with brewer's yeast on piglets 1. Feeding the experimental groups

Group 1 Group 2

Care in the Xth week of the trial Care in the ... week of the trial

X = 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.

Amount of feed per animal / day in g corn

Protein concentrate *

Brewer's yeast, liquid vitaminized mineral feed

Nutrients per animal / day in g digestible crude protein GN (total nutrient) methionine / cystine lysine

300.0 100.0

525.0 175.0

675.0 225.0

300.0

1200.0 20.0

525.0

1800.0 20.0

675.0

2000.0 20.0

65.0 249.0

2.2

4.3

113.0 435.0 3.9 7.5

145.0 565.0 5.0 9.7

80.0 288.0 2.3 4.7

136.0 477.0 3.7 7.2

160.0 585.0 4.3 8.1

* = commercially available feed with sufficient vitamin and mineral content

The animals in feeding group 1 (control group) received a ration consisting of maize and a high-quality vitaminized and mineralized protein concentrate (65% fish meal). The animals of feeding group 2 were fed liquid brewer's yeast with a dry matter content of 12-13% as well as a vitaminized mineral feed as protein source instead of protein concentrate. The aim of the ration compilation was to give all experimental animals approximately equal amounts of the essential amino acids lysine and methionine / cystine. Since the brewer's protein is relatively low in the sulfur-containing amino acids, in order to achieve this goal, the test animals had to be given more protein and energy than the control animals. Nevertheless, these animals received even less methionine / cystine and lysine in the third week of the experiment than the piglets in the control group.

The brewer's yeast was readily ingested by the animals in the amounts indicated.

The faeces of the animals from the brewer's yeast group were solid and very similar in color to those of the animals in the control group. No animals experienced diarrhea; all piglets showed a shiny coat and clearly felt comfortable.

The weight development of the piglets in both test groups was excellent. The increase shown in the table averaged 10 kg per animal or 476 g per animal and day during the 3-week test in both test groups. It has to be described as very good.

table

Feeding experiment with brewer's yeast on piglets 2. Test results

Group 1 (protein concentrate)

so number 12

Average weight per animal in kg at the start of the experiment 12.9

at the end of the experiment 22.9

55 Average increase per animal in kg in 1st week 1.9

in the 2nd week 3.8

in the 3rd week 4.3

60 total 10.0

Average daily increase during the test period in g 476

Group 2 (brewer's yeast, liquid)

11 *

13.3 23.3

2.5 3.1 4.4 10.0

476

* = an animal had to be taken out of the experiment due to tail biting.

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4th

The experiment shows that pig brewer's liquid brewer's yeast treated with propionic acid is optimally used. Furthermore, it is clear that young piglets in the weight range of around 13-23 kg can absorb increasing amounts of brewer's yeast (from around 1.2 to 21 per day).

Example 2

Utilization of brewer's yeast treated with propionic acid by fattening pigs Liquid brewer's yeast can be used even more advantageously by fattening pigs than by piglets. In a fattening test, it was to be examined whether liquid brewer's yeast, treated with propionic acid, would produce high-quality commercially available egg ration

Master results weight in kg per animal

Start of experiment 27.2 End of initial fattening 52.3 Increase during initial fattening in kg per animal 25.1 Average daily increase per animal in g 598

As can be deduced from these results, brewer's yeast treated with propionic acid is optimally used by fattening pigs; According to the results of this experiment, it is even possible to completely replace the protein concentrate with liquid brewer's yeast; however, care must be taken to supplement the feed with a calcium-rich and highly vitamin-rich mineral feed.

The fattening animals of feeding group 2 were just as eager to feed as the animals of the control group. The brewer's yeast, treated with 1000 g propionic acid per 100 kg, was fed after a storage period of about 4 days. The faeces of the test animals were comparable to those of the control animals in terms of consistency and color; There was no diarrhea or illness.

This experiment showed that the animals that received brewer's yeast as protein feed were clearly superior to the animals in the comparison group in terms of weight development. Such a superiority can only be achieved in a test like this one with a protein that is almost completely digested and used. Since the yeast cells do not burst due to the propionic acid treatment, this finding is surprising.

Pigs eat fresh brewer's yeast due to the relatively high content of hop resins, which taste quite bitter, can only replace white concentrate. For this reason 28 running pigs, which were known to be very vigorous due to preliminary tests, were selected with a weight of about 23 kg and divided into 2 feeding groups. 5 After a 12-day feeding period, the animals in feeding group 1 (control group) received barley and 300 g of a high-quality protein concentrate daily. The same large amount of barley was fed to the pigs in feeding group 2 (experimental group); Instead of the protein lo concentrate 2.5 kg or 3 kg brewer's yeast and 20 g of a vitamin-rich mineral feed were fed. The results achieved during fattening are shown in the table below:

Animal weight 40 kg 20 g vitaminized mineral feed

27.7 54.9

27.2

648

reluctant or only in relatively small amounts. For example, 40 pigs ingest liquid boiled brewer's yeast in daily amounts from 1.51 at the beginning of the fattening period, increasing to 41 towards the end of the fattening period, per fattening pig. As shown in the fattening experiments, liquid brewer's yeast treated with propionic acid is surprisingly readily ingested by piglets and fattening pigs 45. The following quantities of liquid brewer's yeast can be fed to pigs after treatment with propionic acid:

so weight of animals in kg intake of liquid

Brewer's yeast in 1st

20 2

30 2.5

55 40 3

60 4

100 6

60

It is surprising that it is possible to feed such large amounts of liquid brewer's yeast despite the bitter substances.

table

Weight development of fattening pigs during the initial fattening after feeding liquid brewer's yeast, treated with propionic acid

Feeding group 1 Feeding group 2

(Control group) (test group)

resembled barley barley

300 g protein concentrate 2.5 kg brewer's yeast (vitaminized and mineralized from the start) 3 kg brewer's yeast from p