CN115160329A

CN115160329A - Compounds having a structure of diaza-dibenzofuran or diaza-dibenzothiophene

Info

Publication number: CN115160329A
Application number: CN202210824596.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 阿米尔·帕勒姆; 托马斯·埃伯利; 安雅·雅提斯奇; 托比亚斯·格罗斯曼; 乔纳斯·克罗巴
Original assignee: Merck Patent GmbH
Current assignee: Merck Patent GmbH
Priority date: 2016-09-30
Filing date: 2017-09-28
Publication date: 2022-10-11
Also published as: US12030890B2; KR20230008231A; US20230117837A1; CN115160328A; CN109689658A; KR102708264B1; WO2018060307A1; JP7051831B2; TWI766884B; US20200024282A1; CN109689658B; KR102480535B1; US11530224B2; EP3519417A1; KR20190059949A; TW201829414A; CN115232137A; JP2019532951A; EP3519417B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a compound having a structure of diaza-dibenzofuran or diaza-dibenzothiophene. In particular, the present invention relates to diaza-dibenzofuran or diaza-dibenzothiophene derivatives substituted with carbazole, fluorene, phenanthrene, benzofuran and/or benzothiophene groups, in particular for use in electronic devices. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the compounds according to the invention and to electronic devices comprising these compounds.

Description

Compound having diaza dibenzofuran or diaza dibenzothiophene structure

The application is a divisional application of Chinese patent application with the application date of 2017, 9 and 28, and the application number of 201780055925.8, and the invention name of the invention is 'a compound with a diaza dibenzofuran or diaza dibenzothiophene structure'.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a compound having a structure of diaza-dibenzofuran or diaza-dibenzothiophene. In particular, the present invention describes diaza-dibenzofuran or diaza-dibenzothiophene derivatives, which are particularly useful in electronic devices. The invention also relates to methods of preparing the compounds of the invention and electronic devices comprising these compounds.

Background

The structures of organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs) in which organic semiconductors are used as functional materials are described, for example, in US4539507, US5151629, EP0676461 and WO 98/27136. The luminescent materials used are often organometallic complexes which exhibit phosphorescence. For quantum mechanical reasons, up to four times the energy and power efficiency can be achieved when using organometallic compounds as phosphorescent emitters. In general, there is still a need for improvements in OLEDs, in particular OLEDs which exhibit phosphorescence, for example with respect to efficiency, operating voltage and lifetime.

The properties of the organic electroluminescent device are not solely determined by the luminophor used. Of particular interest in this connection are, in particular, the other materials used, such as host and matrix materials, hole-blocking materials, electron-transport materials, hole-transport materials and electron-or exciton-blocking materials. Improvements in these materials can lead to significant improvements in electroluminescent devices.

According to the prior art, heteroaromatic compounds, such as diazabenzofuran derivatives, are frequently used as matrix materials for phosphorescent compounds and as electron transport materials. In addition, carbazole derivatives are also used as matrix materials. Examples of known compounds for such function include diazadidibenzofuran derivatives substituted with a carbazole group, as disclosed in JP 5604848B 2, WO2015/182872 A1. In addition, WO2014/157599 A1 and WO2015/182872 A1 describe diaza dibenzofuran derivatives substituted with fluorene, phenanthrene, triphenylidene groups or dibenzothiophene groups. However, the diaza-dibenzofuran group does not have to be disubstituted in the diaza-phenyl group of the diaza-dibenzofuran group by an aryl or heteroaryl group. In addition, some specific compounds have two diaza-phenyl groups in the diaza-dibenzofuran group.

In general, in the case of these materials, for example for use as matrix materials, there is still a need for improvements, in particular in terms of lifetime, and in terms of efficiency and operating voltage of the devices.

The problem underlying the present invention was therefore to provide compounds which are suitable for use in organic electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, and to provide corresponding electronic devices, which compounds when used in such devices give good device properties.

More specifically, the problem addressed by the present invention is to provide compounds that result in long life, good efficiency and low operating voltage. In particular, the properties of the matrix material also have a significant influence on the lifetime and efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device.

Another problem solved by the present invention can be considered to be to provide compounds suitable for use in phosphorescent or fluorescent OLEDs, especially as matrix materials. It is a particular object of the present invention to provide matrix materials which are suitable for red-, yellow-and green-phosphorescent OLEDs and also for blue-phosphorescent OLEDs.

Furthermore, another problem solved by the present invention may be seen in providing compounds suitable for use in phosphorescent or fluorescent OLEDs, especially as electron transporting materials.

Furthermore, the compounds should be processable in a very simple manner and should in particular exhibit good solubility and film formation. For example, the compounds should exhibit increased oxidative stability and improved glass transition temperatures.

A further object may be seen to be to provide an electronic device which is excellent in performance, very economical and of constant quality.

Furthermore, the electronic device should be usable or adaptable for many purposes. More particularly, the performance of the electronic device should be maintained over a wide temperature range.

Disclosure of Invention

It has been surprisingly found that the specific compounds detailed below solve these problems and eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art. The use of the compounds leads to very good properties of the organic electronic devices, in particular of the organic electroluminescent devices, in particular with respect to lifetime, efficiency and operating voltage. The invention therefore provides electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, comprising such compounds and corresponding preferred embodiments thereof.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a compound comprising the structure of the following formula (a):

the symbols used therein are as follows:

Y ¹ is O or S;

Y ² is N (Ar), O, S, C (R) ¹ ) ₂ or-R ¹ C＝CR ¹ -；

W is identical or different in each case and is N or CR ¹ Preferably CR ¹ Provided that no more than two W groups in a ring are N;

L ¹ is a bond or has 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted by one or more R ¹ A group-substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system;

a is identical or different in each case and is N, CAr ^a Or CAr ^b Exactly two of whichA is at least one CAr ^a Or CAr ^b N separated by a group, with the proviso that if two N are adjacent to this A, then A is CAr ^b ；

Ar is identical or different on each occurrence and is a cyclic aromatic compound having from 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms and which may be substituted by one or more R ¹ A group-substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system;

Ar ^a identical or different in each case and having from 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms which may be substituted by one or more R ¹ A group-substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system;

Ar ^b identical or different in each case and having from 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms which may be substituted by one or more R ¹ A group-substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system;

R ¹ in each case identical or different and are H, D, F, cl, br, I, CN, NO ₂ ，N(Ar ¹ ) ₂ ，N(R ² ) ₂ ，C(＝O)Ar ¹ ，C(＝O)R ² ，P(＝O)(Ar ¹ ) ₂ ，P(Ar ¹ ) ₂ ，B(Ar ¹ ) ₂ ，Si(Ar ¹ ) ₃ ，Si(R ² ) ₃ A linear alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having from 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted with one or more R ² Substituted by radicals in which one or more non-adjacent CH ₂ The radical may be represented by-R ² C＝CR ² -、-C≡C-、Si(R ² ) ₂ 、C＝O、C＝S、C＝NR ² 、-C(＝O)O-、-C(＝O)NR ² -、NR ² 、P(＝O)(R ² ) -O-, -S-, SO or SO ₂ And wherein one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by D, F, cl, br, I, CN or NO ₂ Instead of, or as aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems having from 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R ² Substituted by radicals, or having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and which may be substituted by one or more R ² A radical-substituted aryloxy or heteroaryloxy radical or of the formulaHaving 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted by one or more R ² A group-substituted aralkyl or heteroaralkyl group, or a combination of these systems; simultaneously, two or more substituents R ¹ May also together form a mono-or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system;

Ar ¹ identical or different in each case and is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which has 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted by one or more nonaromatic R ² Substitution of radicals; simultaneously, two Ar's bonded to the same silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus or boron atom ¹ The groups may be linked together by a single bridging group or a bridging group selected from: b (R) ² )、C(R ² ) ₂ 、Si(R ² ) ₂ 、C＝O、C＝NR ² 、C＝C(R ² ) ₂ 、O、S、S＝O、SO ₂ 、N(R ² )、P(R ² ) And P (= O) R ² ；

R ² Identical OR different in each case and is H, D, F, cl, br, I, CN, B (OR) ³ ) ₂ ，CHO，C(＝O)R ³ ，CR ³ ＝C(R ³ ) ₂ ，C(＝O)OR ³ ，C(＝O)N(R ³ ) ₂ ，Si(R ³ ) ₃ ，P(R ³ ) ₂ ，B(R ³ ) ₂ ，N(R ³ ) ₂ ，NO ₂ ，P(＝O)(R ³ ) ₂ ，OSO ₂ R ³ ，OR ³ ，S(＝O)R ³ ，S(＝O) ₂ R ³ A linear alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having from 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R ³ Substituted by radicals in which one or more non-adjacent CH ₂ The group may be represented by-R ³ C＝CR ³ -、-C≡C-、Si(R ³ ) ₂ 、C＝O、C＝S、C＝NR ³ 、-C(＝O)O-、-C(＝O)NR ³ -、NR ³ 、P(＝O)(R ³ ) -O-, -S-, SO or SO ₂ And wherein one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by D,F. Cl, br, I, CN or NO ₂ Instead of, or as a compound having from 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and which may be substituted in each case by one or more R ³ An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system substituted by radicals, or a ring system having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms which may be substituted by one or more R ³ A group-substituted aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group, or a combination of these systems; simultaneously, two or more adjacent R ² The substituents may also together form a mono-or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system;

R ³ identical or different on each occurrence and is H, D, F, or an aliphatic, aromatic and/or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where hydrogen atoms may also be replaced by F; simultaneously, two or more adjacent R ³ The substituents may also together form a mono-or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system;

n is 0, 1,2 or 3, preferably 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0 or 1, particularly preferably 0;

with the proviso that,

if Y is ² The radical is N (Ar), O or S, then Ar ^a A group including being bondable to Ar ^a R of the radical ¹ 、R ² And R ³ A substituent group, not comprising any carbazole group.

Adjacent carbon atoms mentioned in the context of the present invention are carbon atoms directly bonded to each other. In addition, "adjacent groups" in the definition of groups means that these groups are bonded to the same carbon atom or adjacent carbon atoms. These definitions apply correspondingly, in particular, to the terms "vicinal radical" and "vicinal substituent".

The expression "two or more groups may together form a ring" in the context of the present specification shall in particular mean that two groups are connected to each other by a chemical bond by formally eliminating two hydrogen atoms. The following scheme is used for illustration:

however, the above expression shall also mean that if one of the two groups is hydrogen, the second group is bonded to the position to which the hydrogen atom is bonded, thereby forming a ring. The following scheme is used for illustration:

a fused aryl group, a fused aromatic ring system or a fused heteroaromatic ring system in the context of the present invention refers to a group in which two or more aromatic groups are fused to each other along a common edge (i.e. ring extension) so that, for example, two carbon atoms belong to at least two aromatic or heteroaromatic rings, as is the case, for example, in naphthalene. In contrast, for example, fluorene is not a fused aryl group in the sense of the present invention because the two aromatic groups in fluorene do not have a common side. The corresponding definitions apply to heteroaryl groups and to fused ring systems which may, but need not, also contain heteroatoms.

An aryl group in the context of the present invention comprises 6 to 40 carbon atoms; heteroaryl groups in the context of the present invention comprise from 2 to 40 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom, with the proviso that the sum of carbon atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5. The heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and/or S. An aryl group or heteroaryl group is herein understood to be a simple aromatic ring (i.e., benzene), or a simple heteroaromatic ring (e.g., pyridine, pyrimidine, thiophene, etc.), or a fused aryl or heteroaryl group (e.g., naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, quinoline, isoquinoline, etc.).

An aromatic ring system in the context of the present invention comprises 6 to 40 carbon atoms in the ring system. Heteroaryl ring systems in the context of the present invention comprise 1 to 40 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom in the ring system, with the proviso that the sum of carbon atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5. The heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and/or S. An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system in the context of the present invention shall mean a system which does not necessarily comprise only aryl or heteroaryl groups, but wherein two or more aryl or heteroaryl groups may be interrupted by non-aromatic units (preferably less than 10% of non-hydrogen atoms), such as carbon, nitrogen or oxygen atoms or carbonyl groups. For example, also aromatic ring systems such as 9,9' -spirobifluorene, 9-diarylfluorene, triarylamine, diaryl ether, 1, 2-stilbene, etc. are therefore considered in the context of the present invention, as are also the systems in which two or more aryl groups are interrupted by, for example, a linear or cyclic alkyl group or by a silyl group. In addition, systems in which two or more aryl or heteroaryl groups are bonded directly to one another, such as biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl or bipyridine, are likewise to be regarded as aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems.

Cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy groups in the context of the present invention refer to monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic groups.

In the context of the present invention, wherein individual hydrogen atoms or CH ₂ C whose radicals may also be replaced by the above-mentioned radicals ₁ -to C ₂₀ Alkyl radicals are understood to mean, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, sec-pentyl, tert-pentyl, 2-pentyl, neopentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, sec-hexyl, tert-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, neohexyl, cyclohexyl, 1-methylcyclopentyl, 2-methylpentyl, n-heptyl, 2-heptyl, 3-heptyl, 4-heptyl, cycloheptyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, cyclooctyl, 1-bicyclo [ 2.2.2.2 ] cyclo]Octyl, 2-bicyclo [2.2.2 ]]Octyl, 2- (2, 6-dimethyl) octyl, 3- (3, 7-dimethyl) octyl, adamantyl, trifluoromethyl pentafluoroethyl, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1-dimethyl-n-hex-1-yl, 1-dimethyl-n-hept-1-yl 1, 1-dimethyl-n-oct-1-yl, 1-dimethyl-n-decan-1-yl, 1-dimethyl-n-dodec-1-yl, 1-dimethyl-n-tetradec-1-yl, 1-dimethyl-n-hexadecan-1-yl, 1, 1-dimethyl-n-octadecan-1-yl, 1-diethyl-n-hexyl-1-yl, 1-diethyl-n-hept-1-yl, 1-diethyl-n-oct-1-yl 1, 1-diethyl-n-decan-1-yl, 1-diethyl-n-dodecane-1-yl, 1-diethyl-n-tetradecan-1-yl 1, 1-diethyl-n-hexadecan-1-yl, 1-diethyl-n-octadecan-1-yl, 1- (n-propyl) cyclohex-1-yl, 1- (n-butyl) cyclohex-1-yl, 1- (n-hexyl) cyclohex-1-yl, 1- (n-octyl) cyclohex-1-yl and 1- (n-decyl) cyclohex-1-yl groups. Alkenyl radicals are understood to mean, for exampleVinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl or cyclooctadienyl. Alkynyl radicals are understood as meaning, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl or octynyl. C ₁ -to C ₄₀ Alkoxy radicals are, for example, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy or 2-methylbutoxy.

Aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems having from 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms which may be substituted in each case by the abovementioned radicals and may be bonded to the aromatic or heteroaromatic systems via any desired positions refer, for example, to radicals derived from the following structures: benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, triphenylene, pyrene,

Perylene, fluoranthene, benzofluoranthene, tetracene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, terphenylene, dibenzothiophene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, cis-or trans-indenofluorene, cis-or trans-monobenzoindenofluorene, cis-or trans-dibenzoindenofluorene, triindene, isotridendene, spirotriindene, spiroisotridendene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, pyrrole, indole, isoindole, carbazole, indolocarbazole, indenocarbazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, phenanthridine, benzo-5, 6-quinoline, benzo-6, 7-quinoline, benzo-7, 8-quinoline, phenothiazine, thiophene

Oxazines, pyrazoles, indazoles, imidazoles, benzimidazoles, naphthoimidazoles, phenanthroimidazoles, pyridoimidazoles, pyrazinoimidazoles, quinoxalimidazoles, benzoxazoles,

Azole, benzo

Azoles, naphtho

Azoles, anthracenes

Azole, phenanthro

Oxazole, iso

Oxazole, 1, 2-thiazole, 1, 3-thiazole, benzothiazole, pyridazine, benzopyridazine, pyrimidine, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, 1, 5-diaza anthracene, 2, 7-diaza pyrene, 2, 3-diaza pyrene, 1, 6-diaza pyrene, 1, 8-diaza pyrene, 4,5,9, 10-tetraazaperylene, pyrazine, phenazine, thiophene

Oxazines, phenothiazines, fluoranthenes, naphthyridines, azacarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, phenanthrolines, 1,2, 3-triazoles, 1,2, 4-triazoles, benzotriazoles, 1,2,3-

Oxadiazole, 1,2,4-

Oxadiazole, 1,2,5-

Oxadiazole, 1,3,4-

Oxadiazole, 1,2, 3-thiadiazole, 1,2, 4-thiadiazole, 1,2, 5-thiadiazole, 1,3, 4-thiadiazole, 1,3, 5-triazine, 1,2, 4-triazine, 1,2, 3-triazine, tetrazole, 1,2,4, 5-tetrazine, 1,2,3, 4-tetrazine, 1,2,3, 5-tetrazine, purine, pteridine, indolizine, and benzothiadiazole.

In a preferred configuration, the compounds of the invention may form a structure of formula (I), (II) or (III):

wherein symbol Ar ^a 、Ar ^b 、Y ¹ 、L ¹ 、Y ² 、R ¹ N and W have the definitions stated above for formula (A). Preferred are compounds having the structure of formula (I) and/or (II).

Preferably, the compounds of the invention may comprise structures of formula (Ia), (IIa) and/or (IIIa), preferably of formula (Ia) and/or (IIa):

wherein the symbol Ar ^a 、Ar ^b 、Y ¹ 、L ¹ 、Y ² 、R ¹ N and W have the abovementioned definitions, in particular as defined for formula (A), (I), (II) or (III).

Preferably, the compounds of the present invention may comprise at least one of the structures of formula (Ib), (IIb) and/or (IIIb), preferably the structures of formula (Ib) and/or (IIb):

wherein the symbol Ar ^a 、Ar ^b 、Y ¹ 、L ¹ 、Y ² 、R ¹ N and W have the abovementioned definitions, in particular those stated for the formulae (A), (I), (II) or (III).

Preferably, the compounds of the present invention may comprise at least one of the structures of formula (Ic), (IIc) and/or (IIIc), preferably of formula (Ic) and/or (IIc):

wherein symbol Ar ^a 、Ar ^b 、Y ¹ 、L ¹ 、Y ² 、R ¹ N and W have the abovementioned definitions, in particular as defined for formula (A), (I), (II) or (III).

It may also be the case that the compound comprises at least one of the structures of formula (Id), (IId) and/or (IIId), preferably the structures of formula (Id) and/or (IId):

Among the compounds comprising structures of formulae (Ia) to (IIId) detailed above, preferred are those comprising structures of formulae (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId) and/or (IIId), particularly preferred are compounds having structures of formulae (Ic), (IIc) and/or (IIIc).

It may additionally be the case that the compound comprises at least one of the structures of formulae (Ie), (IIe) and/or (IIIe), preferably of formulae (Ie) and/or (IIe):

It may also be the case that the compound comprises at least one of the structures of formulae (If), (IIf) and/or (IIIf), preferably of formulae (If) and/or (IIf):

Preferably, the compounds of the invention may comprise at least one of the structures of formula (Ig), (IIg) and/or (IIIg), preferably of formula (Ig) and/or (IIg):

It may also be the case that the compounds of the invention comprise at least one of the structures of formulae (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh), preferably of formulae (Ih) and/or (IIh):

wherein symbol Ar ^a 、Ar ^b 、Y ¹ 、L ¹ 、Y ² 、R ¹ N and W have the abovementioned meanings, in particular for the formulae (A), (I), (II)Or (III) the definition of (A).

Among the compounds comprising structures of formulae (Ie) to (IIIh) detailed above, those comprising structures of formulae (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) are preferred, with compounds having structures of formulae (Ig), (IIg) and/or (IIIg) being particularly preferred.

Furthermore, it may be the case that CR not represented by the symbol W is not present in the structure of one of the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) ¹ Substituent R of a part of the group ¹ Do not form a fused aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with the ring atoms of the respective ring structure, and preferably do not form any fused ring systems. This includes the linkage to R ¹ Possible R of the radical ² 、R ³ The substituents form a fused ring system. It may be preferred that CR not represented by the symbol W is present in the structure of one of the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) ¹ Substituent R of a part of a group ¹ And do not form any ring system with the ring atoms of the respective ring structures. This includes the linkage to R ¹ Possible R of the radical ² 、R ³ The substituents form a ring system.

It is also possible for the sum of the indices n in the structures of the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) to not exceed 3, preferably not 2, more preferably not 1, in each case.

In the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe)In the structures of (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh), it is feasible that two adjacent W groups are each CR ¹ And together form a group of formula (W-1):

wherein

Y ³ Is N (Ar), O, S or C (R) ² ) ₂ Preferably C (R) ² ) ₂ ，

X is identical or different in each case and is N or CR ² Preferably CR ² Provided that no more than two X groups in a ring are N, wherein Ar and R ² May have the definitions given above, in particular as described for formula (A),

and

the dotted line represents a bond to an adjacent atom. Preferably, compounds comprising structures of formula (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) preferably have no more than one group of formula (W-1) per structure.

Further preferred are compounds having the following characteristics: in formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih) and/or (IIIh), not more than two W groups are N, preferably not more than one W group is N, preferably all W are CR ¹ Wherein preferably not more than 4, more preferably not more than 3, and particularly preferably not more than 2 CR's represented by W ¹ The group is not a CH group.

It may also be the case that the compounds of the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (II f), (II) andr of the W group in If), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) ¹ The groups do not form a fused aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with the ring atoms of the ring structure and preferably do not form any fused ring system. This includes the linkage to R ¹ Possible R of the radical ² 、R ³ The substituents form a fused ring system.

Preference is given to R of the W radicals of the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) ¹ The groups do not form any ring system with the ring atoms of the ring structure. This includes the linkage to R ¹ Possible R of the radical ² 、R ³ The substituents form a ring system.

In a preferred embodiment of the compounds according to the invention, structures of the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) are included, the symbols Y ² Is C (R) ¹ ) And R ¹ In each case identical or different, are aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems having from 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and are in each case substituted by one or more R ² And (4) substituting the group.

Furthermore, it may be the case that in formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) the symbols Y ² Is of the formula (Y) ² -1) of the group:

wherein the dotted line represents a bond to an adjacent atom, R ² Having the definitions given above, in particular as described for formula (A)And m is 0, 1,2,3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2.

It may also be the case that in formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) the symbol Y ² Is of the formula (Y) ² -2) of:

wherein the dotted line represents a bond to an adjacent atom, R ² Have the definitions given above, in particular as described for formula (a), and m is 0, 1,2,3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2.

It may be preferred that formula (Y) ² -1) and/or (Y) ² The sum of the indices m in the structure of-2) is in each case not more than 3, preferably not more than 2 and particularly preferably not more than 1.

The formula (Y) may be ² -1) and/or (Y) ² R in the structure of-2) ¹ The groups do not form any fused aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, preferably any fused ring system, with the ring atoms of the ring structure. This includes the linkage to R ¹ Possible R of the radical ² 、R ³ The substituents form a fused ring system. It may be preferred that formula (Y) ² -1) and/or (Y) ² R in the structure of-2) ¹ The groups do not form any ring system with the ring atoms of the ring structure. This includes the linkage to R ¹ Possible R of the radical ² 、R ³ The substituents form a ring system.

In a further preferred embodiment, in the structures of the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh), the symbols Y ¹ May be O or S and the symbol Y ² May be N (Ar).

Preferably, in the structures of formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh), ar ^a And/or Ar ^b One of the radicals has not more than 5 heteroatoms, preferably not more than 3 heteroatoms and more preferably not more than 1 heteroatom, where this includes R which may be bonded to these radicals ¹ 、R ² And R ³ And (4) a substituent. Particularly preferably, ar ^a And/or Ar ^b The radicals do not have any heteroatoms, wherein this includes R which may be bonded to these radicals ¹ 、R ² And R ³ A substituent group.

It may also be the case that Ar, ar in the structures of formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) ^a And/or Ar ^b The radicals have a total of not more than 5 heteroatoms, preferably not more than 3 heteroatoms and more preferably not more than 1 heteroatom, where this includes R which may be bonded to these radicals ¹ 、R ² And R ³ And (4) a substituent.

Furthermore, it may be the case that Ar, ar in the structures of the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) ^a And/or Ar ^b The radicals have a total of not more than 50, preferably not more than 40, and more preferably not more than 22 aromatic ring atoms, where this includes R which may be bonded to these radicals ¹ 、R ² And R ³ And (4) a substituent.

In addition, the compounds of the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe),The Ar group in the structure of (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) does not include any carbazole group, where this includes R that may be bonded to the Ar group ¹ 、R ² And R ³ And (4) a substituent.

Preferably, ar in the structures of formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) ^a The radicals not containing any carbazole groups, wherein this includes bonding to Ar ^a R of the radical ¹ 、R ² And R ³ And (4) a substituent.

In a more preferred configuration, ar in the structures of formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) ^b The group may be of the formula (Ar) ^b -1) of the group:

wherein L is ² Is a bond or has 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted by one or more R ¹ Radical-substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems, the symbol R ¹ Having the definitions given above, in particular as described for formula (a), m is 0, 1,2,3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, and the dotted line represents the binding to a diaza-dibenzofuran or diaza-dibenzothiophene group.

Especially preferred are compounds comprising the structure of formula (IV) and/or (V):

wherein L is ² Is a bond or has 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted by one or more R ¹ Radical (I)Substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems, symbol Ar ^a 、Y ¹ 、L ¹ 、Y ² 、R ¹ N and W have the definitions given above, in particular as described for formula (a), m is 0, 1,2,3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, and the dotted line represents a bond.

It may be preferred that in formula (Ar) ^b The sum of the indices m in the structures of (1), (IV) and/or (V) is in each case not more than 3, preferably not more than 2 and more preferably not more than 1.

The case may also be that formula (Ar) ^b R in the structure of-1), (IV) and/or (V) ¹ The radicals being different from R ¹ The ring atoms of the ring structure to which the groups are bonded form a fused aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system and preferably do not form any fused ring system. This includes the linkage to R ¹ Possible R of the radical ² 、R ³ The substituents form a fused ring system. It may be preferable that formula (Ar) ^b R in the structure of-1), (IV) and/or (V) ¹ The groups do not form a ring system with a ring atom of the ring structure. This includes the linkage to R ¹ Possible R of the radical ² 、R ³ The substituents form a ring system.

For Y in ² Is C (R) ¹ ) ₂ or-R ¹ C＝CR ¹ Structures of formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh) Ar ^a The radicals may likewise be of the formula (Ar) ^b -1) of a group.

Ar and Ar may be ^a And/or Ar ^b The radicals are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, ortho-, meta-or para-biphenyl, terphenyl (in particular branched terphenyl), quaterphenyl (in particular branched quaterphenyl), 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-fluorenyl, 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-spirobifluorenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-dibenzofuranyl, 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-dibenzothienyl and 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-carbazolyl, spirobifluorenyl, fluorenyl, dibenzofuranylDibenzothienyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl and/or terphenyl radicals, each of which may be interrupted by one or more R ² The radicals substituted, but preferably unsubstituted, are particularly preferably spirobifluorene, fluorene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, anthracene, phenanthrene, terphenylene radicals.

In another embodiment, ar of the above compound ^a And Ar ^b Neither carbazole groups, dibenzofuran groups or dibenzothiophene groups are included. If Ar of the above-mentioned compound is ^a And Ar ^b Neither include fused heteroaromatic groups, which are particularly preferred. If Ar of the above-mentioned compound is ^a And Ar ^b Neither includes heteroaromatic groups, and are very particularly preferred.

In preferred configurations, compounds comprising structures of formula (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh), (IIIh), (IV) and/or (V) can be synthesized from compounds of formula (A), (I) (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh), (IIIh), (IV) and/or (V). Preferably, compounds comprising structures of the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh), (IIIh), (IV) and/or (V), (VII) and/or (VIII) have a molecular weight of not more than 5000g/mol, preferably not more than 4000g/mol, particularly preferably not more than 3000g/mol, particularly preferably not more than 2000g/mol and most preferably not more than 1200g/mol.

In addition, a feature of preferred compounds of the invention is that the compounds can sublime. These compounds generally have a molar mass of less than about 1200g/mol.

At W is CR ¹ When or when the aromatic and/or heteroaromatic radical is substituted by R ¹ When substituted, these R ¹ The substituents are preferably selected from H, D, F, CN, N (Ar) ¹ ) ₂ ，C(＝O)Ar ¹ ，P(＝O)(Ar ¹ ) ₂ A linear alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R ² Radical substitution of one or more non-adjacent CH ₂ The radicals may be replaced by O and in which one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by D or F, have 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R ² An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system substituted (but preferably unsubstituted) by a group, or having 5 to 25 aromatic ring atoms and which may be substituted by one or more R ² A group-substituted aralkyl or heteroaralkyl group; also optionally, two R's bound to the same carbon atom or to adjacent carbon atoms ¹ Substituent formation may be by one or more R ¹ A group-substituted mono-or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system in which Ar is ¹ Are identical or different on each occurrence and denote a compound having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms and which may be substituted in each case by one or more R ² Aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems substituted by radicals, having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and possibly being substituted by one or more R ² Aryloxy groups substituted by radicals, or having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and which may be substituted in each case by one or more R ² A group-substituted aralkyl group in which two or more adjacent R are ² The substituents may optionally form groups which may be substituted by one or more R ³ A mono-or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system substituted by radicals, in which the symbol R ² Having the definitions given above, in particular as described for formula (a). Preferably, ar ¹ Identical or different in each case and are aryl or heteroaryl radicals having from 5 to 24 and preferably from 5 to 12 aromatic ring atoms, and which may be substituted in each case by one or more R ² The radicals are substituted, but preferably unsubstituted.

Suitable Ar ¹ Radical (I)Examples of (A) are selected from phenyl, ortho-, meta-or para-biphenyl, terphenyl (especially branched terphenyl), quaterphenyl (especially branched quaterphenyl), 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-fluorenyl, 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-spirobifluorenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-dibenzofuranyl, 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-dibenzothienyl and 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-carbazolyl, each of which may be substituted by one or more R ² The radicals are substituted, but preferably unsubstituted.

More preferably, these R' s ¹ The substituent is selected from H, D, F, CN, N (Ar) ¹ ) ₂ A linear alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably having 1,2,3 or 4 carbon atoms, a branched or cyclic alkyl group having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably having 3 or 4 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably having 2,3 or 4 carbon atoms, each of which groups may be substituted by one or more R ² A group, but preferably is unsubstituted, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having from 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, preferably from 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, more preferably from 6 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, and which may be substituted in each case by one or more non-aromatic R ¹ The radicals are substituted, but preferably unsubstituted; while optionally, two R's bound to the same carbon atom or to adjacent carbon atoms ¹ The substituents forming a mono-or polycyclic aliphatic ring system, which may be substituted by one or more R ² The radicals substituted, but preferably unsubstituted, wherein Ar ¹ May have the above definition.

Most preferably, R ¹ The substituents are selected from H and aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems having from 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, preferably from 6 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more nonaromatic R ² The radicals are substituted, but preferably unsubstituted. Suitable R ¹ Examples of substituents are selected from phenyl, ortho-, meta-or para-biphenyl, terphenyl (especially branched terphenyl), quaterphenyl (especially branched quaterphenyl), 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-fluorenyl, 1-, 2-, or,3-or 4-spirobifluorenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-dibenzofuranyl, 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-dibenzothienyl and 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-carbazolyl, each of which may be substituted with one or more R ² The radicals are substituted, but preferably unsubstituted.

Furthermore, it may be the case that in the structures of formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId) (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh), (IIIh), (IV) and/or (V), at least one R is present ¹ 、Ar、Ar ¹ 、Ar ^a Or Ar ^b The radicals are selected from the formula (R) ¹ -1) to (R) ¹ -87) of:

the symbols used therein are as follows:

y is O, S or NR ² Preferably O or S;

k is independently in each case 0 or 1,

i is independently in each case 0, 1, or 2, preferably 0 or 1;

j is independently in each case 0, 1,2 or 3, preferably 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0 or 1;

h is independently in each case 0, 1,2,3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2;

g is independently in each case 0, 1,2,3,4 or 5, preferably 0, 1 or 2;

R ² may have the definitions given above, in particular as described for formula (A), and

the dashed bonds indicate the connection locations.

It may be preferred that in the formula (R) ¹ -1) to (R) ¹ The sum of the markers k, i, j, h and g in the structure of-87) is in each case not more than 3, preferably not more than 2 and more preferably not more than 1.

Preferably, formula (R) ¹ -1) to (R) ¹ R in-87) ² The radicals not being identical to R ² The ring atoms of the aryl or heteroaryl group to which the group is bonded form a fused aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system and preferably do not form any fused ring systems. This includes the linkage to R ² Possible R of the radical ³ The substituents form a fused ring system.

More preferably, the Ar of formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh), (IIIh), (IV) and/or (V) ^a And/or Ar ^b The group is selected from the formula (R) ¹ -1) to (R) ¹ -48) and (R) ¹ -73) to (R) ¹ Group of-87), particularly preferably (R) ¹ -1)、(R ¹ -38) to (R) ¹ -48) and (R) ¹ -73) to (R) ¹ -81). In this context, the above is for formula (R) ¹ -1) to (R) ¹ -87) sum of labels detailed for groups and R bonded to these groups ² The preferred case of radicals also applies.

More preferablyAnd, ar and/or Ar in formulas (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh), (IIIh), (IV) and/or (V) ¹ The group is selected from the formula (R) ¹ -1) to (R) ¹ Group of-54), particularly preferably (R) ¹ -1) to (R) ¹ -51), particularly preferably (R) ¹ -1) to (R) ¹ -37), very particularly preferably according to (R) ¹ -1) of a group. In this context, the above is for formula (R) ¹ -1) to (R) ¹ -87) groups detailed for the sum of labels and R bonded to these groups ² The preferred case of radicals also applies.

Preferably, L ¹ Or L ² The groups are related to formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih) and/or (IIIh), (Ar), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih) ^b L of-1), (IV) and/or (V) ¹ Or L ² The two aryl or heteroaryl groups to which the groups are bonded together form a full conjugate. The full conjugation of an aromatic or heteroaromatic system is formed when a direct bond is formed between adjacent aromatic or heteroaromatic rings. Additional bonds between the above conjugated groups, such as those formed via sulfur, nitrogen or oxygen atoms or carbonyl groups, are not detrimental to conjugation. In the case of fluorene systems, the two aromatic rings are directly bonded, with sp in the 9 position ³ Hybridization of carbon atoms prevents the fusion of the rings, but conjugation is still possible because of this sp in position 9 ³ The carbon atom of the hybrid need not be located between two aryl or heteroaryl groups. In contrast, in the case of the second spirobifluorene structure, full conjugation is formed if the bond between the two aryl or heteroaryl groups is through the same phenyl group in the spirobifluorene structure or through phenyl groups in the spirobifluorene structure that are directly bonded to each other and in one plane. If the bond between two aryl or heteroaryl groups is through sp via position 9 ³ -different phenyl groups in the hybridized carbon atom-bonded second spirobifluorene structureGroup, then conjugation is interrupted.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, L ¹ And/or L ² Is a bond.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, L ¹ And/or L ² Is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having from 5 to 14 aromatic or heteroaromatic ring atoms, preferably an aromatic ring system having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and the ring system may be interrupted by one or more R ¹ The radicals are substituted, but preferably unsubstituted, wherein R ¹ May have the definitions given above, in particular as described for formula (a). More preferably, L ¹ And/or L ² Is an aromatic ring system having from 6 to 10 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system having from 6 to 13 heteroaromatic ring atoms, each of which may be interrupted by one or more R ² The radicals are substituted, but are preferably unsubstituted, wherein R ² May have the definitions given above, in particular as described for formula (a).

Also preferably in the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh), (Ar), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih) ^b Symbols L detailed in the structures of-1), (IV) and/or (V) ¹ And/or L ² In each case in particular identical or different, and are aryl or heteroaryl groups having from 5 to 24 ring atoms, preferably from 6 to 13 ring atoms, more preferably from 6 to 10 ring atoms, so that the aromatic or heteroaromatic groups of the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system are bonded directly to the corresponding atoms of the other groups, i.e. via atoms of the aromatic or heteroaromatic groups.

It may also be the case that, in the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId) (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh), (Ar) ^b L detailed in the structures of-1), (IV) and/or (V) ¹ And/or L ² The radicals especially includeAn aromatic ring system having no more than two fused aromatic and/or heteroaromatic rings, and preferably does not include any fused aromatic or heteroaromatic systems. Accordingly, the naphthyl structure is more preferable than the anthracene structure. In addition, a fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, dibenzofuranyl, and/or dibenzothienyl structure is more preferred over a naphthyl structure.

Particularly preferred are structures without a fused, for example phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl and/or quaterphenyl structure.

Suitable aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems L ¹ And/or L ² Examples of (A) are selected from ortho-, meta-or para-phenylene radicals, ortho-, meta-or para-biphenylene radicals, terphenylene radicals, in particular branched terphenylene radicals, quaterphenylene radicals, in particular branched quaterphenylene radicals, fluorenylene radicals, spirobifluorenylene radicals, dibenzofuranene radicals, dibenzothiophenylene radicals and carbazolylene radicals, each of which may be substituted by one or more R ² The radicals are substituted, but preferably unsubstituted.

It may also be the case that in formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh), (Ar), (IIb) and/or (IIIb) ^b L detailed in the structures of-1), (IV) and/or (V) ¹ And/or L ² The radicals have in particular not more than 1 nitrogen atom, preferably not more than 2 heteroatoms, particularly preferably not more than one heteroatom and more preferably no heteroatoms.

Preferred are compounds comprising structures of the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh), (IIIh), (IV) and/or (V), where compounds of the formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIIh), (Ar), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIf), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and/or (IIh) ^b -1) L of (IV), (IV) and/or (V) ¹ And/or L ² The radicals are selected from the formulae (L) ¹ -1) to (L) ¹ Group of-108)

The dashed bonds indicate the connection position in each case, the index k is 0 or 1, the index l is 0, 1 or 2, the index j is in each case independently 0, 1,2 or 3; the index h is in each case independently 0, 1,2,3 or 4 and the index g is 0, 1,2,3,4 or 5; the symbol Y is O, S or NR ² Preferably O or S; and the symbol R ² Having the definitions given above, in particular as described for formula (A)As defined above.

It may be preferred that in the formula (L) ¹ -1) to (L) ¹ The sum of the markers k, l, g, h and j in the structure of-108) is in each case at most 3, preferably at most 2, more preferably at most 1.

It may also be the case that L in the structures of formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh), (IIIh), (IV) and/or (V) ¹ And/or L ² One of the groups has not more than 5 heteroatoms, preferably not more than 3 heteroatoms, and more preferably not more than 1 heteroatom, wherein this includes R which may be bonded to these groups ¹ 、R ² And R ³ And (4) a substituent.

Furthermore, it may be the case that all L in the structures of formulae (A), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh), (IIIh), (IV) and/or (V) ¹ And/or L ² The groups have not more than 5 heteroatoms, preferably not more than 3 heteroatoms, and more preferably not more than 1 heteroatom, wherein this includes R which may be bonded to these groups ¹ 、R ² And R ³ A substituent group.

Preferred compounds of the present invention include compounds selected from formula (L) ¹ -1) to (L) ¹ -78) and/or (L) ¹ -92) to (L) ¹ L of one of the radicals-108) ¹ A radical, preferably selected from the formula (L) ¹ -1) to (L) ¹ -54) and/or (L) ¹ -92) to (L) ¹ -108) of the group of the components, particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of formula (L) ¹ -1) to (L) ¹ -29) and/or (L) ¹ -92) to (L) ¹ 103) of the groups. Advantageously, in the formula (L) ¹ -1) to (L) ¹ -78) and/or (L) ¹ -92) to (L) ¹ -108), preferably of formula (L) ¹ -1) to (L) ¹ -54) and/or (L) ¹ -92) to (L) ¹ Of the structures of the formula (E) -108), particularly preferred is the formula (L) ¹ -1) to (L) ¹ -29) and/or (L) ¹ -92) to (L) ¹ The sum of the indices k, l, g, h and j in the structure of-103) may in each case be not more than 3, preferably not more than 2, and more preferably not more than 1.

Preferably, formula (L) ¹ -1) to (L) ¹ R in-108) ² The radicals not being identical to R ² The ring atoms of the aryl or heteroaryl groups to which the groups are bonded form a fused aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system and preferably do not form any fused ring systems. This includes the linkage to R ² Possible R of the radical ³ The substituents form a fused ring system.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, R is, for example, in the structure of formula (A) ² And R in preferred embodiments of one or more such structures wherein these formulae are mentioned ² In each case identical or different and selected from H, D, aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably having from 1,2,3 or 4 carbon atoms, or aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems having from 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, preferably from 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, more preferably from 5 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted (but are preferably unsubstituted) by one or more alkyl radicals each having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, R is, for example, in the structure of formula (A) ³ And R in preferred embodiments of one or more such structures wherein these formulae are mentioned ³ Identical or different in each case and selected from the group consisting of H, D, F, CN, an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably having from 1,2,3 or 4 carbon atoms, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having from 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, preferably from 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, more preferably from 5 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted (but preferably is unsubstituted) by one or more alkyl radicals each having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

In which the compounds of the invention are substituted by aromatic or heteroaromatic R ¹ Or R ² When substituted, it is preferred that these compounds do not have any aryl or heteroaryl groups having more than two aryl or heteroaryl groups directly fused to each otherA group six-membered ring. More preferably, the substituent does not have any aryl or heteroaryl groups at all with six-membered rings fused directly to each other. The reason for this preference is that this structure has a low triplet energy. Fused aryl groups having more than two aromatic six-membered rings fused directly to one another, which are still suitable for the present invention, are phenanthrenes and terphenyls, since they also have high triplet energy levels.

Particularly preferred are compounds of the invention having the following properties:

particularly preferred are compounds having the structure of formula (W-1) wherein Y is ³ Is of the formula C (R) ² ) ₂ And the compound has the following properties:

in addition, particularly preferred is the compound wherein Y ² A compound which is a group of formula N (Ar) and which has the following properties:

formula R in the above tables ¹ The label g in-1 is preferably 0, 1,2 or 3, more preferably 0 or 1, particularly preferably 0; formula L in the above tables ¹ -1 or L ¹ The mark h in-94 is preferably 0, 1,2 or 3, more preferably 0 or 1, and particularly preferably 0.

In each of the tables, ar ^a And Ar ^b Is R ¹ -1 to R ¹ -87 means Ar ^a Group and Ar ^b Both of which are selected from the formula R detailed above ¹ -1 to R ¹ A group of-87, preferably R ¹ -1。L ¹ Is a bond or L ¹ -1 means the formulae (A), (I), (II) detailed above,L in (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh), (IIIh), (IV) and/or (V) ¹ The radicals being in each case a bond or a radical of the formula L specified above ¹ A group of-1, preferably L ¹ -94。L ¹ In the presence of Y ¹ Preferably the position on the phenyl ring of (a) corresponds to formula (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), meaning that L is ¹ The radical is preferably in Y ¹ The para or meta position of the group is as shown in formulas (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId). L is a radical of an alcohol ¹ In the presence of Y ² Preferably, the position on the phenyl ring of (a) corresponds to formula (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh), (IIIh), meaning that L is as defined above ¹ The radical is preferably in Y ² The para or meta position of the group is shown in formulas (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh) and (IIIh). For R ¹ The index n of (a) is 0, 1,2, meaning that in the formulae (a), (I), (II), (III), (Ia), (IIa), (IIIa), (Ib), (IIb), (IIIb), (Ic), (IIc), (IIIc), (Id), (IId), (IIId), (Ie), (IIe), (IIIe), (If), (IIf), (IIIf), (Ig), (IIg), (IIIg), (Ih), (IIh), (IIIh), (IV) and/or (V) detailed above, the index n is in each case 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1 and particularly preferably 0.

Examples of suitable compounds of the invention are the structures of formulae 1 to 217 shown below:

preferred embodiments of the compounds of the present invention are specifically described in the examples, and these compounds may be used alone or in combination with additional compounds for all purposes of the present invention.

The above-described preferred embodiments can be freely combined with each other as long as the conditions specified in claim 1 are met. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the preferred embodiments described above apply simultaneously.

The compounds of the invention can in principle be prepared by a variety of processes. However, the processes described below are considered to be particularly suitable.

Accordingly, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a compound comprising a structure of formula (a), wherein a compound comprising at least one diaza-dibenzofuran or diaza-dibenzothiophene group is combined with a group comprising at least one carbazole, fluorene, phenanthrene, benzofuran and/or benzothiophene group in a coupling reaction.

Suitable compounds having a diaza-dibenzofuran or diaza-dibenzothiophene group are in many cases commercially available, and the starting compounds detailed in the examples can be obtained by known processes and are therefore referred to said known processes.

These compounds can be reacted with further aryl compounds by known coupling reactions, the requirements for this purpose being known to the person skilled in the art, and the detailed description in the examples provides support for the person skilled in the art to carry out these reactions.

Particularly suitable and preferred coupling reactions, which can achieve C-C bond formation and/or C-N bond formation, are BUCHWALD, SUZUKI, YAMAMOTO, STILLE, HECK, NEGISHI, SONOGASHIRA and HIYAYAMA. These reactions are widely known and other indications will be provided in the examples to those skilled in the art.

In all subsequent synthetic schemes, compounds are shown with a small number of substituents to simplify the structure. This does not exclude the presence of any other substituents required in the process.

The following schemes give exemplary operations, but are not intended to be limiting. The individual process steps can be combined with one another as desired.

Synthesis scheme 1

Synthesis scheme 2

Synthesis scheme 3

Synthesis scheme 4

The illustrated processes for synthesizing the compounds of the present invention should be understood as examples only. The skilled person will be able to develop alternative synthetic routes within the scope of his technical general knowledge.

The principles of the preparation methods detailed above are in principle known from the literature for similar compounds and can be easily modified by the person skilled in the art to prepare the compounds of the invention. Further information may be found in the examples.

By these methods, the compounds of the invention comprising the structure of formula (A) can be obtained in high purity, preferably in a purity of more than 99% (by means of purification, e.g. recrystallization or sublimation), if necessary ¹ H NMR and/or HPLC determination).

The compounds of the invention also have suitable substituents, for example relatively long alkyl groups (about 4 to 20 carbon atoms), in particular branched alkyl groups, or optionally substituted aryl groups, for example xylyl, trimethylphenyl or branched terphenyl or quaterphenyl groups, which bring about a solubility at room temperature in standard organic solvents (for example toluene or xylene) of sufficient concentration to enable handling of the compounds from solution. These soluble compounds are particularly suitable for processing from solution, for example by printing processes. In addition, it is emphasized that the compounds of the invention comprising at least one structure of formula (a) already have increased solubility in these solvents.

The compounds of the invention may also be mixed with polymers. It is also possible to incorporate these compounds covalently into the polymer. This is particularly feasible when the compound is substituted with a reactive leaving group such as bromine, iodine, chlorine, boronic acid or boronic ester or with a reactive polymerizable group such as an alkene or oxetane. These can be used as monomers for the production of corresponding oligomers, dendrimers or polymers. The oligomerization or polymerization is preferably effected by halogen functionality or boronic acid functionality or by polymerizable groups. The polymers can additionally be crosslinked by such groups. The compounds and polymers of the invention may be used in the form of crosslinked or uncrosslinked layers.

The present invention therefore also provides oligomers, polymers or dendrimers comprising one or more of the structures of formula (a) or compounds of the present invention as detailed above, wherein there is present one or more of the compounds of the present invention or structures of formula (a) in association with the polymer, oligomer or dendrimer. These thus form side chains of the oligomer or polymer, or are incorporated within the main chain, according to the structure of formula (a) or the linkage of the compounds. The polymer, oligomer or dendrimer may be conjugated, partially conjugated or non-conjugated. The oligomer or polymer may be linear, branched or dendritic. The same preferences as described above apply for the repeating units of the compounds according to the invention in oligomers, dendrimers and polymers.

To prepare the oligomers or polymers, the monomers of the invention are homopolymerized or copolymerized with other monomers. Preference is given to copolymers in which the units of the formula (A) or the preferred embodiments described above and below are present to the extent of from 0.01 to 99.9 mol%, preferably from 5 to 90 mol%, more preferably from 20 to 80 mol%. Suitable and preferred comonomers forming the basic skeleton of the polymer are selected from the group consisting of fluorenes (for example according to EP842208 or WO 2000/022026), spirobifluorenes (for example according to EP707020, EP894107 or WO 2006/061181), paraphenylenes (for example according to WO 92/18552), carbazoles (for example according to WO2004/070772 or WO 2004/113468), thiophenes (for example according to EP 1028136), dihydrophenanthrenes (for example according to WO 2005/014689), cis-and trans-indenofluorenes (for example according to WO2004/041901 or WO 2004/113412), ketones (for example according to WO 2005/040302), phenanthrenes (for example according to WO2005/104264 or WO 2007/017066) or a plurality of these units. The polymers, oligomers and dendrimers may also comprise further units, such as hole transport units (especially those based on triarylamines) and/or electron transport units.

It is also particularly important that the compounds of the invention are characterized by a high glass transition temperature. In this connection, particular preference is given to compounds of the invention comprising a structure of the general formula (a) or of the preferred embodiments described above and below having a glass transition temperature of at least 70 ℃, more preferably at least 110 ℃, even more preferably at least 125 ℃ and particularly preferably at least 150 ℃ as determined according to DIN 51005 (version 2005-08).

For processing the compounds of the invention from the liquid phase, for example by spin coating or by printing methods, a preparation of the compounds of the invention is required. These formulations may be, for example, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. Mixtures of two or more solvents are preferably used for this purpose. Suitable and preferred solvents are, for example, toluene, anisole, o-xylene, m-or p-xylene, methyl benzoate, mesitylene, tetralin, veratrole, THF, methyl-THF, THP, chlorobenzene, dioxane, phenoxytoluene, in particular 3-phenoxytoluene, (-) -fenchone, 1,2,3, 5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4, 5-tetramethylbenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylbenzothiazole, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-pyrrolidone, 3-methylanisole, 4-methylanisole, 3, 4-dimethylanisole, 3, 5-dimethylanisole, acetophenone, alpha-terpineol, benzothiazole, butyl benzoate cumene, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene, decalin, dodecylbenzene, ethyl benzoate, indane, methyl benzoate, NMP, p-cymene, phenetole, 1, 4-diisopropylbenzene, dibenzyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 2-isopropylnaphthalene, pentylbenzene, hexylbenzene, heptylbenzene, octylbenzene, 1-bis (3, 4-dimethylphenyl) ethane, hexamethylindane or a mixture of these solvents.

Accordingly, the present invention also provides a formulation comprising a compound of the invention and at least one additional compound. The further compound may for example be a solvent, especially one of the above solvents or a mixture of these solvents. The further compound may optionally be at least one further organic or inorganic compound, such as a luminescent compound (in particular a phosphorescent dopant) and/or a further host material, which is also used in the electronic device. Such additional compounds may also be polymeric.

Accordingly, the present invention also provides a composition comprising a compound of the invention and at least one additional organic functional material. The functional material is typically an organic or inorganic material introduced between the anode and the cathode. Preferably, the organic functional material is selected from the group consisting of fluorescent emitters, phosphorescent emitters, host materials, electron transport materials, electron injection materials, hole conductor materials, hole injection materials, electron blocking materials, hole blocking materials, wide band gap materials and n-type dopants.

The present invention therefore also relates to a composition comprising at least one compound comprising formula (a) or the structures of the preferred embodiments described above and below and at least one further matrix material. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the further host material has hole transporting properties.

The present invention also provides a composition comprising at least one compound comprising at least one structure of formula (a) or the preferred embodiments described above and below and at least one wide bandgap material, wherein a wide bandgap material means a material in the sense of the disclosure of US7,294,849. These systems exhibit particularly advantageous performance data in electroluminescent devices.

Preferably, the further compound may have a band gap of 2.5eV or more, preferably 3.0eV or more, very preferably 3.5eV or more. One way to calculate the bandgap is via the energy levels of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO).

The molecular orbital (in particular the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO)), the energy level and the lowest triplet state T of the material ₁ Energy of and lowest excited singlet state S ₁ Is determined by quantum chemical calculations. For the calculation of metal-free organic substances, the optimization of the geometry was first carried out by the "ground state/semi-empirical/default spin/AM 1/charge 0/spin singlet" method. Energy calculations are then performed on the basis of the optimized geometry. This was done using the "TD-SCF/DFT/default spin/B3 PW91" method with the "6-31G (d)" base set (charge 0, spin singlet). For metal-containing compounds, the geometry was optimized by the "ground state/Hartree-Fock/default spin/LanL 2 MB/charge 0/spin singlet" method. The energy calculation was carried out analogously to the method described above for organic substances, with the difference that for the metal atoms a "LanL2DZ" group was used, and for the ligands a "6-31G (d)" group was used. The HOMO energy level HEh or LUMO energy level LEh in Hartree is obtained from the energy calculation. This was used to determine the HOMO and LUMO energy levels in electron volts, calibrated by cyclic voltammetry measurements, as follows:

HOMO(eV)＝((HEh*27.212)-0.9899)/1.1206

LUMO(eV)＝((LEh*27.212)-2.0041)/1.385。

these values are considered to be the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the materials in the context of the present application.

Lowest triplet state T ₁ Energy defined as the triplet state with the lowest energy, which is the result of said quantum chemical calculationsAs is apparent.

Lowest excited singlet S ₁ The energy of the excited singlet state, defined as the lowest energy, is evident from the quantum chemistry calculations described.

The methods described herein are independent of the software package used and always give the same results. Examples of programs frequently used for this purpose are "Gaussian 09W" (Gaussian) and Q-Chem 4.1 (Q-Chem).

The invention also relates to a composition comprising at least one compound comprising formula (a) or the structures of the preferred embodiments described above and below and at least one phosphorescent emitter, the term "phosphorescent emitter" also being understood to mean a phosphorescent dopant.

A dopant in a system comprising a host material and a dopant refers to that component in a mixture having a minor proportion. Accordingly, a host material in a system comprising a host material and a dopant refers to that component of the mixture having a greater proportion.

Preferred phosphorescent dopants for use in the matrix system, preferably the mixed matrix system, are the preferred phosphorescent dopants specified below.

The term "phosphorescent dopant" generally encompasses compounds in which light emission is achieved by spin-forbidden transitions, e.g., transitions from an excited triplet state or a state with a higher spin quantum number (e.g., the quintet state).

Suitable phosphorescent compounds (= triplet emitters) are in particular compounds which, on suitable excitation, emit light, preferably in the visible spectral region, and which also comprise at least one atom having an atomic number of greater than 20, preferably greater than 38 and less than 84, more preferably greater than 56 and less than 80, in particular metals having such an atomic number. Preferred phosphorescent emitters used are compounds containing copper, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, silver, gold or europium, in particular compounds containing iridium or platinum. In the context of the present invention, all luminescent compounds comprising the above-mentioned metals are considered phosphorescent compounds.

Examples of such emitters can be found in the following applications: WO00/70655, WO2001/41512, WO2002/02714, WO2002/15645, EP1191613, EP1191612, EP1191614, WO05/033244, WO05/019373, US2005/0258742, WO2009/146770, WO2010/015307, WO2010/031485, WO2010/054731, WO2010/054728, WO2010/086089, WO2010/099852, WO2010/102709, WO2011/032626, WO2011/066898, WO2011/157339, WO2012/007086, WO2014/008982, WO2014/023377, WO 2014/0961, WO2014/094960, and applications EP13004411.8, EP14000345.0, EP14000417.7 and EP14002623.8, which have not been published to date. In general, all phosphorescent complexes for phosphorescent OLEDs according to the prior art and known to the person skilled in the art of organic electroluminescence are suitable, and the person skilled in the art is able to use further phosphorescent complexes without inventive effort.

Specific examples of phosphorescent dopants are listed in the following table:

the above-described compounds comprising the structure of formula (a) or the preferred embodiments detailed above may be preferably used as active components in electronic devices. By electronic device is meant any device comprising an anode, a cathode and at least one layer between the anode and the cathode, said layer comprising at least one organic or organometallic compound. Accordingly, the electronic device of the present invention comprises an anode, a cathode and at least one intermediate layer comprising at least one compound comprising the structure of formula (a). Preferred electronic devices herein are selected from organic electroluminescent devices (OLED, PLED), organic integrated circuits (O-IC), organic field effect transistors (O-FET), organic thin film transistors (O-TFT), organic light emitting transistors (O-LET), organic solar cells (O-SC), organic photodetectors, organic photoreceptors, organic field quenching devices (O-FQD), organic electrical sensors, light emitting electrochemical cells (LEC), organic laser diodes (O-laser) and organic plasmon emitting devices (d.m. koller et al, nature Photonics 2008, 1-4), preferably organic electroluminescent devices (OLED, PLED) comprising at least one compound comprising the structure of formula (a) in at least one layer, in particular phosphorescent OLEDs. Particularly preferred are organic electroluminescent devices. The active component is typically an organic or inorganic material introduced between the anode and the cathode, such as a charge injection material, a charge transport material, or a charge blocking material, but especially a light emitting material and a host material.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is an organic electroluminescent device. The organic electroluminescent device includes a cathode, an anode, and at least one light emitting layer. Except thatIn addition to these layers, further layers may also be included, for example in each case one or more hole-injection layers, hole-transport layers, hole-blocking layers, electron-transport layers, electron-injection layers, exciton-blocking layers, electron-blocking layers, charge-generation layers and/or organic or inorganic p/n junctions. Also, one or more hole transport layers can be formed, for example, from a metal oxide (e.g., moO) ₃ Or WO ₃ ) Or p-type doped with a (per) fluorinated electron-deficient aromatic system, and/or one or more electron transport layers may be n-type doped. Likewise, intermediate layers can be introduced between the two light-emitting layers, which intermediate layers have, for example, an exciton blocking function and/or control of the charge balance in the electroluminescent device. However, it is noted that not every of these layers need be present.

In this case, the organic electroluminescent device may include one light-emitting layer, or include a plurality of light-emitting layers. If multiple light-emitting layers are present, it is preferred that these light-emitting layers have multiple emission maxima generally between 380nm and 750nm, such that the overall result is white emission; in other words, a plurality of light-emitting compounds which can emit fluorescence or phosphorescence are used in the light-emitting layer. Especially preferred are three-layer systems in which the three layers exhibit blue, green and orange or red luminescence (see, for example, WO2005/011013 for the basic structure), or a system of more than three luminescent layers. The system may also be a hybrid system in which one or more layers fluoresce and one or more other layers phosphoresce.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic electroluminescent device comprises a compound of the invention comprising formula (a) or the structures of the preferred embodiments detailed above as a matrix material, preferably as an electron-conducting matrix material, preferably in combination with a further matrix material, preferably in combination with a hole-conducting matrix material, in one or more light-emitting layers. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the further matrix material is an electron transport compound. In yet other preferred embodiments, the further matrix material is a compound with a large band gap that does not participate, if at all, to a significant extent in the transport of holes and electrons in the layer. The light-emitting layer includes at least one light-emitting compound.

Suitable matrix materials which can be used in combination with the compounds of formula (a) or preferred embodiments are aromatic ketones, aromatic phosphine oxides or aromatic sulfoxides or sulfones, for example according to WO2004/013080, WO2004/093207, WO2006/005627 or WO 2010/006680; triarylamines, especially monoamines, for example according to WO 2014/015935; carbazole derivatives, for example CBP (N, N-biscarbazolylbiphenyl) or carbazole derivatives disclosed in WO2005/039246, US2005/0069729, JP2004/288381, EP1205527 or WO 2008/086851; indolocarbazole derivatives, for example according to WO2007/063754 or WO 2008/056746; indenocarbazole derivatives, for example according to WO2010/136109 and WO 2011/000455; azacarbazole derivatives, for example according to EP1617710, EP1617711, EP1731584, JP 2005/347160; dipolar host materials, for example according to WO 2007/137725; silanes, for example according to WO 2005/111172; azaborole or borate esters, for example according to WO 2006/117052; triazine derivatives, for example according to WO2010/015306, WO2007/063754 or WO 2008/056746; zinc complexes, for example according to EP652273 or WO2009/062578; diazasisilacyclopentadiene or tetraazasilacyclopentadiene derivatives, for example according to WO 2010/054729; diazaphosphole derivatives, for example according to WO 2010/054730; bridged carbazole derivatives, for example according to US2009/0136779, WO2010/050778, WO2011/042107, WO2011/088877 or WO 2012/143080; terphenyl fork derivatives, for example according to WO 2012/048781; lactams, for example according to WO2011/116865, WO2011/137951 or WO 2013/064206; or 4-spirocarbazole derivatives, for example according to WO2014/094963 or the as yet unpublished application EP 14002104.9. Other phosphorescent emitters which emit at shorter wavelengths than the actual emitter may likewise be present as co-hosts in the mixture.

Preferred co-host materials are triarylamine derivatives, especially monoamines, indenocarbazole derivatives, 4-spirocarbazole derivatives, lactams and carbazole derivatives.

Preferred triarylamine derivatives for use with the compounds of the invention as co-host materials are selected from compounds of the following formula (TA-1):

wherein Ar is ¹ Are identical or different in each case and are of 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by one or more R ² Aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems substituted by radicals, having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and possibly being substituted by one or more R ² Aryloxy groups substituted by radicals, or having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms and which may be substituted in each case by one or more R ² A group-substituted aralkyl group in which two or more adjacent R are ² The substituents may optionally form groups which may be substituted by one or more R ³ A mono-or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system substituted by radicals, in which the symbol R ² Having the definitions given above, in particular as described for formula (a). Preferably, ar ¹ Identical or different on each occurrence and are aryl or heteroaryl radicals having from 5 to 24, and preferably from 5 to 12, aromatic ring atoms and which may be substituted in each case by one or more R ² The radicals are substituted, but preferably unsubstituted.

Suitable Ar ¹ Examples of radicals are selected from phenyl, ortho-, meta-or para-biphenyl, terphenyl (in particular branched terphenyl), quaterphenyl (in particular branched quaterphenyl), 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-fluorenyl, 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-spirobifluorenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-dibenzofuranyl, 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-dibenzothienyl and 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-carbazolyl, each of which may be substituted by one or more R ² The radicals are substituted, but preferably unsubstituted.

Preferably, ar ¹ The radicals are identical or different on each occurrence and are selected from the radicals mentioned above (R) ¹ -1) to (R) ¹ -87), preferably (R) ¹ -1) to (R) ¹ -54), particularly preferably (R) ¹ -1) to (R) ¹ -51), particularly preferably (R) ¹ -1) to (R) ¹ -37), very particular preference is given to (R) ¹ -1) radicalAnd (4) clustering. In this context, the above is for formula (R) ¹ -1) to (R) ¹ -87) sum of groups with respect to the label and R bound to these groups ² The preferences specified for the radicals also apply.

In a preferred embodiment of the compound of formula (TA-1), at least one Ar ¹ The group is selected from biphenyl groups, which may be ortho-, meta-, or para-biphenyl groups. In another preferred embodiment of the compound of formula (TA-1), at least one Ar ¹ The groups are selected from fluorene groups or spirobifluorene groups, wherein these groups may each be bonded to the nitrogen atom in the 1,2,3 or 4 position. In still another preferred embodiment of the compound of formula (TA-1), at least one Ar ¹ A group is selected from a phenylene-subunit or a biphenyl group, wherein the group is an ortho-, meta-or para-bonded group, which group is substituted by a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group or a carbazole group, in particular a dibenzofuran group, wherein the dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene group is bonded to the phenylene-subunit or biphenyl group via the 1,2,3 or 4 position, and wherein the carbazole group is bonded to the phenylene-subunit or biphenyl group via the 1,2,3 or 4 position or via a nitrogen atom.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the compound of formula (TA-1), one Ar ¹ The group being selected from fluorene or spirobifluorene groups, in particular 4-fluorene or 4-spirobifluorene groups, and one Ar ¹ The group is selected from biphenyl groups, in particular p-biphenyl groups; or a fluorene group, in particular a 2-fluorene group, and a third Ar ¹ The group is selected from a p-phenylene group or a p-biphenyl group, said group being substituted with a dibenzofuran group (in particular a 4-dibenzofuran group) or a carbazole group (in particular an N-carbazole group or a 3-carbazole group).

Preferred indenocarbazole derivatives for use with the compounds of the present invention as co-host materials are selected from compounds of the following formula (TA-2):

wherein A isr ¹ And R ¹ Have the definitions listed above, in particular as described for formula (A) and/or (TA-1). Preferred Ar is ¹ Embodiments of the radicals are the structures R enumerated above ¹ -1 to R ¹ -87, more preferably R ¹ -1 to R ¹ -51。

A preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula (TA-2) are those of formula (TA-2 a):

wherein Ar is ¹ And R ¹ Have the definitions listed above, in particular as described for formula (A) and/or (TA-1). Two R's bound to an indeno carbon atom herein ¹ The radicals are preferably identical or different and are alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular methyl radicals; or an aromatic ring system having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, in particular a phenyl group. More preferably, two R's bonded to the indeno carbon atom ¹ The radical is a methyl radical. Further preferably, R is bonded to the indenocarbazole backbone in formula (TA-2 a) ¹ The substituents are H, or a carbazole group (which may be bonded to the indenocarbazole base skeleton via the 1,2,3 or 4 position, or via the nitrogen atom, in particular via the 3 position).

Preferred 4-spirocarbazole derivatives for use with the compounds of the present invention as co-host materials are selected from compounds of the following formula (TA-3):

wherein Ar ¹ And R ¹ Have the definitions listed above, in particular as described for formulae (A) and/or (TA-1). Preferred Ar is ¹ Embodiments of the radicals are the structures R enumerated above ¹ -1 to R ¹ -87, more preferably R ¹ -1 to R ¹ -51。

A preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula (TA-3) are those of the following formula (TA-3 a):

wherein Ar is ¹ And R ¹ Having the definitions listed above, in particular as described for formula (a). Ar (Ar) ¹ Preferred embodiments of the radicals are the structures R enumerated above ¹ -1 to R ¹ -87, more preferably R ¹ -1 to R ¹ -51。

Preferred lactams for use as co-host material with the compounds of the invention are selected from compounds of the following formula (LAC-1):

wherein R is ¹ Having the definitions listed above, in particular as described for formula (A).

A preferred embodiment of the compounds of formula (LAC-1) are those of formula (LAC-1 a):

wherein R is ¹ Have the above definitions, in particular as described for formula (a). R is ¹ Preferably identical or different in each case and is H or has 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms which may be interrupted by one or more R ² An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system substituted by a group, in which R ² May have the definitions given above, in particular as described for formula (a). Most preferably, R ¹ The substituents are selected from H and aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems having from 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, preferably from 6 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, and may in each case be substituted by one or more nonaromatic R ² The radicals are substituted, but preferably unsubstituted. Suitable R ¹ Examples of substituents are selected from phenyl, ortho-, meta-or para-biphenyl, terphenyl (in particular branched terphenyl)) Tetrakisphenyl (especially branched tetrakisphenyl), 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-fluorenyl, 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-spirobifluorenyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-dibenzofuranyl, 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-dibenzothiophenyl, and 1-, 2-, 3-or 4-carbazolyl, each of which may be substituted with one or more R ² The radicals are substituted, but preferably unsubstituted. Suitable R ¹ The structure is the same as that described above for R-1 to R-79, more preferably R ¹ -1 to R ¹ 51 said same structure.

It may also be preferred to use a mixture of a plurality of different host materials, in particular at least one electron-conducting host material and at least one hole-conducting host material. It is also preferred to use a mixture of a charge transport matrix material and an electrically inert matrix material which does not significantly participate, if at all, in charge transport, as described in WO2010/108579.

It is further preferred to use a mixture of two or more triplet emitters together with a matrix. In this case, the triplet emitter having a shorter-wave emission spectrum is used as a co-host for the triplet emitter having a longer-wave emission spectrum.

More preferably, in a preferred embodiment, the compounds of the invention comprising the structure of formula (a) can be used as matrix material in the light-emitting layer of an organic electronic device, in particular an organic electroluminescent device, for example in an OLED or OLEC. In this case, the host material comprising the compound comprising formula (a) or the structure of the preferred embodiments described above and below is present in the electronic device in combination with one or more dopants, preferably phosphorescent dopants.

In this case, the proportion of the host material in the light-emitting layer is 50.0% to 99.9% by volume, preferably 80.0% to 99.5% by volume, and more preferably 92.0% to 99.5% by volume for the fluorescent light-emitting layer, and 85.0% to 97.0% by volume for the phosphorescent light-emitting layer.

Accordingly, the proportion of the dopant is 0.1% to 50.0% by volume for the fluorescent light-emitting layer, preferably 0.5% to 20.0% by volume, and more preferably 0.5% to 8.0% by volume, and 3.0% to 15.0% by volume for the phosphorescent light-emitting layer.

The light-emitting layer of the organic electroluminescent device may also comprise a system comprising a plurality of host materials (mixed host system) and/or a plurality of dopants. This is also the case, the dopants are generally those materials having a smaller proportion in the system, and the host materials are those materials having a larger proportion in the system. However, in individual cases, the proportion of a single matrix material in the system may be less than the proportion of a single dopant.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, compounds comprising the structure of formula (a) or the preferred embodiments described above and below are used as components of a mixed matrix system. Preferably the mixed matrix system comprises two or three different matrix materials, more preferably two different matrix materials. Preferably, in this case, one of the two materials is a material having a hole transporting property, and the other material is a material having an electron transporting property. However, the desired electron-transporting and hole-transporting properties of the mixed matrix component may also be combined predominantly or completely in a single mixed matrix component, in which case further functions are carried out by further mixed matrix components. The two different matrix materials may be present in a ratio of 1. Preferably, mixed matrix systems are used in phosphorescent organic electroluminescent devices. One source of more specific information on mixed matrix systems is application WO2010/108579.

The invention also provides electronic devices, preferably organic electroluminescent devices, which comprise one or more compounds of the invention and/or at least one oligomer, polymer or dendrimer of the invention as electron-conducting compound(s) in one or more electron-conducting layers.

Preferred cathodes are metals with a low work function, metal alloys or multilayer structures consisting of various metals, such as alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, main group metals or lanthanides (e.g. Ca, ba, mg, al, in, mg, yb, sm, etc.). Also suitable are mixtures of alkali metals or alkaline earthsAlloys of metal and silver, such as alloys of magnesium and silver. In the case of a multilayer structure, in addition to the metals mentioned, it is also possible to use further metals having a relatively high work function, for example Ag, in which case combinations of metals, for example Mg/Ag, ca/Ag or Ba/Ag, are generally used. It may also be preferred to introduce a thin intermediate layer of a material with a high dielectric constant between the metal cathode and the organic semiconductor. Examples of materials useful for this purpose are alkali or alkaline earth metal fluorides, and the corresponding oxides or carbonates (e.g. LiF, li) ₂ O、BaF ₂ 、MgO、NaF、CsF、Cs ₂ CO ₃ Etc.). Also useful for this purpose are organic alkali metal complexes such as Liq (lithium hydroxyquinoline). The layer thickness of this layer is preferably 0.5 to 5nm.

The preferred anode is a material with a high work function. Preferably, the anode has a work function greater than 4.5eV relative to vacuum. First, metals with high redox potentials are suitable for this purpose, such as Ag, pt or Au. Second, metal/metal oxide electrodes (e.g., al/Ni/NiOx, al/PtOx) may also be preferred. For some applications, at least one of the electrodes must be transparent or partially transparent in order to be able to achieve irradiation of the organic material (O-SC) or emission of light (OLED/PLED, O-laser). The preferred anode material herein is a conductive mixed metal oxide. Particularly preferred is Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) or Indium Zinc Oxide (IZO). Also preferred are conductive doped organic materials, in particular conductive doped polymers, such as PEDOT, PANI or derivatives of these polymers. It is also preferred that a p-type doped hole transport material is used for the anode as the hole injection layer, in which case a suitable p-type dopant is a metal oxide, such as MoO ₃ Or WO ₃ Or (per) fluorinated electron deficient aromatic systems. Another suitable p-type dopant is HAT-CN (hexacyanohexanazaterphenyl) or NPD9 from Novaled. Such a layer simplifies hole injection into materials with low HOMO (i.e., HOMO with large values).

In the further layers, generally any material used in the prior art for said layers can also be used, and the person skilled in the art is able to combine any of these materials with the material of the invention in an electronic device without inventive effort.

The component is structured accordingly (depending on the application), provided with contact connections and finally hermetically sealed, since the lifetime of such a component is severely shortened in the presence of water and/or air.

Further preferred are electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, characterized in that one or more layers are applied by a sublimation method. In this case, the temperature is generally below 10 in a vacuum sublimation system ^-5 mbar (preferably less than 10) ^- ⁶ mbar) is applied by vapour deposition. It is also possible that the initial pressure is even lower or higher, for example lower than 10 ^-7 mbar。

Also preferred are electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, characterized in that one or more layers are applied by the OVPD (organic vapor deposition) method or by sublimation with the aid of a carrier gas. In this case, at 10 ^-5 The material is applied at a pressure between mbar and 1 bar. One particular example of such a process is the OVJP (organic vapour jet printing) process, in which the material is applied directly through a nozzle and is thus structured (e.g. m.s. Arnold et al, appl.phys. Lett.2008,92, 053301).

Further preferred are electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, characterized in that one or more layers are produced from a solution, for example by spin coating, or by any printing method, for example screen printing, offset printing, lithography or nozzle printing, but more preferably LITI (photo induced thermal imaging, thermal transfer printing) or inkjet printing. For this purpose, soluble compounds obtained, for example, by suitable substitution are required.

Electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, can also be produced as a hybrid system by applying one or more layers from solution and one or more further layers by vapor deposition. For example, a light-emitting layer comprising the compound of the present invention containing the structure of formula (a) and a host material may be applied from a solution, and a hole-blocking layer and/or an electron-transporting layer may be applied thereto by vapor deposition under reduced pressure.

In general, these methods are known to the person skilled in the art and can be applied without difficulty to electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, comprising the compounds of the invention comprising the structure of formula (a) or the preferred embodiments detailed above.

The electronic devices of the invention, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, are distinguished by one or more of the following unexpected advantages over the prior art:

1. electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, comprising compounds, oligomers, polymers or dendrimers having the structure of formula (a) or the preferred embodiments described above and below, in particular as electron-conducting materials and/or matrix materials, have very good lifetimes.

2. Electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, comprising as electron-conducting material, electron-injecting material and/or matrix material a compound, oligomer, polymer or dendrimer having the structure of formula (a) or the preferred embodiments described above and below, have excellent efficiency. More particularly, the efficiency is much higher than for similar compounds that do not comprise structural units of formula (a).

3. The compounds, oligomers, polymers or dendrimers of the invention having the structure of formula (a) or the preferred embodiments described above and below exhibit very high stability and lead to compounds having a very long lifetime.

4. The formation of optical loss channels in electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, can also be avoided by means of compounds, oligomers, polymers or dendrimers having the structure of formula (a) or the preferred embodiments described above and below. As a result, these devices are characterized by high PL efficiency and thus high emitter EL efficiency, and excellent host-to-dopant energy transfer.

5. The use of compounds, oligomers, polymers or dendrimers having the structure of formula (a) or the preferred embodiments described above and below in the layers of electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, leads to a high mobility of the electronic conductor structure.

6. Compounds, oligomers, polymers or dendrimers having the structure of formula (a) or the preferred embodiments described above and below are characterized by excellent thermal stability and good sublimability for compounds having a molar mass of less than about 1200g/mol.

7. The compound, oligomer, polymer or dendrimer having the structure of formula (a) or the preferred embodiments described above and below has excellent glass film formability.

8. The compounds, oligomers, polymers or dendrimers having the structure of formula (a) or the preferred embodiments described above and below form very good films from solution.

9. Compounds, oligomers, polymers or dendrimers comprising the structure of formula (A) or the preferred embodiments described above and below have surprisingly high triplet levels T ₁ This is particularly true for compounds used as electron conducting materials.

These advantages are not accompanied by deterioration of other electronic properties.

The compounds and mixtures of the invention are suitable for use in electronic devices. Electronic device refers to a device comprising at least one layer comprising at least one organic compound. The composition may also include inorganic materials or other layers formed entirely of inorganic materials.

The present invention therefore additionally provides for the use of the compounds or mixtures according to the invention in electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices.

The invention further provides the use of a compound of the invention and/or an oligomer, polymer or dendrimer of the invention as host material, matrix material, electron transport material, electron injection material and/or hole blocking material in an electronic device.

The invention additionally provides electronic devices comprising at least one compound or mixture of the invention as detailed above. In this case, the preferences detailed above for the compounds also apply to the electronic device. More preferably, the electronic device is selected from the group consisting of organic electroluminescent devices (OLED, PLED), organic integrated circuits (O-IC), organic field effect transistors (O-FET), organic thin film transistors (O-TFT), organic light emitting transistors (O-LET), organic solar cells (O-SC), organic optical detectors, organic photoreceptors, organic field quenching devices (O-FQD), organic electrical sensors, light emitting electrochemical cells (LEC), organic laser diodes (O-laser) and organic plasma emitting devices (d.m. koller et al, nature Photonics 2008, 1-4), preferably organic electroluminescent devices (OLED, PLED), in particular phosphorescent OLEDs.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention does not comprise any separate hole injection layer and/or hole transport layer and/or hole blocking layer and/or electron transport layer, meaning that the light-emitting layer is directly adjacent to the hole injection layer or anode and/or the light-emitting layer is directly adjacent to the electron transport layer or electron injection layer or cathode, as described in e.g. WO 2005/053051. In addition, a metal complex which is the same as or similar to the metal complex in the light-emitting layer can be used as a hole-transporting material or a hole-injecting material directly adjacent to the light-emitting layer, as described in, for example, 2009/030981.

In addition, the compound of the present invention may be used in a hole blocking layer or an electron transport layer. This is particularly the case for compounds of the present invention which do not have a carbazole structure. Preferably these may also be substituted by one or more additional electron transport groups (e.g. benzimidazole groups).

In the further layers of the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention, any material conventionally used according to the prior art may be used. The person skilled in the art is therefore able, without inventive work, to use any material known for use in organic electroluminescent devices in combination with the compounds of the invention of the formula (a) or according to a preferred embodiment.

The compounds according to the invention generally have very good properties when used in organic electroluminescent devices. In particular in the case of the use of the compounds according to the invention in organic electroluminescent devices, the lifetime is significantly better than in the case of similar compounds according to the prior art. At the same time, the further properties of the organic electroluminescent device (in particular efficiency and voltage) are likewise better or at least comparable.

It should be noted that variations of the described embodiments of the invention are within the scope of the invention. Any feature disclosed in this specification may be interchanged with optional features serving the same purpose or an equivalent or similar purpose unless expressly excluded. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, any feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of features or as an equivalent or similar feature.

All features of the invention may be combined with each other in any manner, unless the specific features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. This is particularly true for the preferred features of the present invention. Likewise, features that are not necessarily combined may be used separately (rather than in combination).

It should also be noted that many of the features, and particularly those of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, are to be considered inventive in their own right and not merely as certain features of the embodiments of the present invention. Independent protection may be sought for these features as an alternative to, or in addition to, the presently claimed invention.

The teachings of the present disclosure may be extracted and combined with other examples.

Detailed Description

The invention is illustrated in detail by the examples which follow, without being restricted thereto.

Those skilled in the art can use the details given herein to produce additional inventive electronic devices and practice the invention within the full scope of the claims without inventive faculty.

Examples

Unless otherwise stated, the subsequent synthesis is carried out in a dry solvent under a protective gas atmosphere. The compounds of the present invention may be prepared by synthetic methods known to those skilled in the art.

Synthetic examples

a) 2, 4-diphenylbenzo [4,5] furo [3,2-d ] pyrimidine

13g (110.0 mmol) of phenylboronic acid, 13g (55 mmol) of 2, 4-dichlorobenzo [4,5] furo [3,2-d ] pyrimidine and 21g (210.0 mmol) of sodium carbonate are suspended in 500ml of ethylene glycol diethylamine ether and 500ml of water. To the suspension was added 913mg (3.0 mmol) of tri-o-tolylphosphine, then 112mg (0.5 mmol) of palladium (II) acetate, and the reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 16h. After cooling, the organic phase is removed, filtered through silica gel and then concentrated to dryness. The residue was recrystallized from toluene and from dichloromethane/heptane. Yield: 15g (47 mmol), 87% of theory.

The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner:

products 9a and 13a were purified as follows: purification by silica gel column chromatography using toluene/heptane (1 ^-7 mbar) (99.9% purity).

b) 8-bromo-2, 4-diphenylbenzo [4,5] furo [3,2-d ] pyrimidine

61g (190.0 mmol) of 2, 4-diphenylbenzo [4,5] furo [3,2-d ] pyrimidine are suspended in 2000ml of acetic acid (100%) and 2000ml of sulfuric acid (95-98%). To the suspension 34g (190 mmol) of NBS was added in portions and the mixture was stirred in the dark for 2 hours. Thereafter, water/ice was added and the solids were removed and washed with ethanol. The residue was recrystallized from toluene. The yield was 65g (163 mmol), corresponding to 86% of theory.

The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner:

c) 2, 4-diphenyl-8- (9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) -benzo [4,5] furo [3,2-d ] pyrimidine

62g (156 mmol) of 8-bromo-2, 4-diphenylbenzo [4,5]]Furo [3,2-d ]]Pyrimidine, 50g (172 mmol) of N-phenylcarbazole-3-boronic acid and 36g (340 mmol) of sodium carbonate are suspended in 1000ml of ethylene glycol diethylamine ether and 280ml of water. To this suspension was added 1.8g (1.5 mmol) tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) and the reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 16h. After cooling, the organic phase is removed, filtered through silica gel and then concentrated to dryness. The product was purified as follows: chromatography on silica gel using toluene/heptane (1 ^-7 mbar) (purity 99.9%). The yield was 60g (106 mmol), corresponding to 69% of theory.

The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner:

the following compounds were prepared in a similar manner using 11c-17c and 12c-18c and 22c-24 c:

d) 2, 4-bis (carbazol-9-yl) -8- [ 2-eth- (Z) -ylidene-3, 3-dimethyl-1-prop-2-en- (Z) -ylideneindan-4-yl ] benzo [4,5] furo [3,2-d ] pyrimidine

53g (147 mmol) of 2, 4-dichloro-8- (9, 9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-1-yl) benzo [4,5]]Furo [3,2-d ]]Degassed solution of pyrimidine and 24g (147 mmol) of 9H-carbazole in 600ml of toluene was treated with N ₂ And (5) saturating for 1h.Thereafter, 2.09ml (8.6 mmol) of P (tBu) were initially added to the solution ₃ Then 1.38g (6.1 mmol) of palladium (II) acetate were added and subsequently 17.7g (185 mmol) of NaOtBu were added in solid form. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 1h. After cooling to room temperature, 500ml of water were carefully added. The aqueous phase is washed 3 times with 50ml of toluene and MgSO ₄ Dried and the solvent removed under reduced pressure. Thereafter, the crude product was purified as follows: chromatography on silica gel with heptane/ethyl acetate (20/1). The residue was recrystallized from toluene and finally sublimed under high vacuum (p =5 × 10) ^-6 mbar)。

The yield was 67g (95 mmol), corresponding to 78% of theory.

In a similar manner the following compounds are obtained:

e) 4-phenyl-2, 8-bis (9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) benzo [4,5] thieno [3,2-d ] -pyrimidine (1 e):

2, 4-dichlorobenzo [4,5] thieno [3,2-d ] pyrimidine is brominated analogously to method b, then reacted with phenylcarbazole boronic acid by Suzuki analogously to method c, then first reacted with phenylcarbazole boronic acid and finally reacted with phenylcarbazole boronic acid again analogously to method c.

f) 4- (6-Dibenzofuran-4-yl-pyridin-2-yl) -2, 8-bis (pyridin-2-yl) -benzo [4,5] thieno [3,2-d ] pyrimidine (1 f)

The preparation is effected according to the process detailed in e) above.

g) 2,2' -bis (carbazol-9-yl-4, 4' -diphenyl- [8,8' ] bis [ benzo [4,5] thieno [3,2-d ] pyrimidinyl ])

2, 4-Dichlorobenzo [4,5] thieno [3,2-d ] pyrimidine is brominated analogously to method b and then converted into the corresponding boronic acid using BuLi and triethylborate. Coupling is then effected analogously to method c to give the corresponding dimer, which is then in turn first reacted analogously to method c with phenylboronic acid and finally converted into the target molecule by nucleophilic substitution reaction with NaH and carbazole.

j) 2-carbazol-9-yl-8-dibenzothiophen-2-yl-4-phenylbenzo [4,5] thieno [3,2-d ] pyrimidine

The preparation is carried out according to the scheme detailed in g) above.

Preparation of OLEDs

Data for various OLEDs are provided in examples C1 to I13 below (see tables 1 and 2).

Pretreatment of examples C1-I13: a glass sheet coated with 50nm thick structured ITO (indium tin oxide) was treated, then coated with an oxygen plasma followed by an argon plasma. These plasma treated glass sheets form the substrate to which the OLED is applied.

The OLED has essentially the following layer structure: substrate/Hole Injection Layer (HIL)/Hole Transport Layer (HTL)/Electron Blocking Layer (EBL)/emissive layer (EML)/optional Hole Blocking Layer (HBL)/Electron Transport Layer (ETL)/optional Electron Injection Layer (EIL) and finally a cathode. The cathode is formed from a 100nm thick layer of aluminum. The exact structure of the OLED can be found in table 1. The materials required for the production of the OLEDs are shown in table 3.

All materials were applied by thermal vapor deposition in a vacuum chamber. In this case, the light-emitting layer always consists of at least one host material (host material) light-emitting dopant (emitter) which is added to the host material by co-evaporation in a specific volume proportion. A detailed representation is given in the form such as IC5: IC3: TEG2 (55%: 35%: 10%), in which layer the material IC5 is present in a proportion by volume of 55%, IC3 is present in a proportion of 35% and TEG2 is present in a proportion of 10%. Similarly, the electron transport layer may also be composed of a mixture of two materials.

The OLEDs are characterized in a standard manner. For this purpose, the electroluminescence spectra were determined and the current efficiency (measured in cd/a), the power efficiency (measured in lm/W) and the external quantum efficiency (EQE, measured in percentages) as a function of the luminance were calculated from the current/voltage/luminance characteristic lines (IUL characteristic lines) assuming lambertian luminescence characteristics, and the lifetime was also determined. At 1000cd/m ² The electroluminescence spectrum is measured at a brightness and the CIE 1931x and y color coordinates are calculated therefrom. The parameter U1000 in Table 2 refers to the value for 1000cd/m ² The required voltage for brightness. Finally, EQE1000 means 1000cd/m ² External quantum efficiency at operating brightness. The lifetime LD is measured as the time when the luminance decreases from the initial luminance to a certain ratio L1 during the constant current operation. L0 in Table 2; j0=4000cd/m ² And L1=70% means that the lifetime given in the LD column corresponds to the initial luminance from 4000cd/m ² Reduced to 2800cd/m ² The time of day. Similarly, L0; j0=20mA/cm ² And L1=80% means at 20mA/cm ² The brightness drops to 80% of its initial value after time LD during operation.

The data for the various OLEDs are compiled in table 2. Examples C1 to C4 are comparative examples according to the prior art, examples I1 to I13 show data for an OLED according to the invention.

Some embodiments are set forth in detail below in order to illustrate the advantages of the OLED of the present invention.

Use of the inventive materials in phosphorescent OLEDs

The materials of the invention, when used in the light-emitting layer (EML) of an OLED, give significant improvements over the prior art, particularly with respect to lifetime.

By using the compounds 3d, 1e, 1f and 15a according to the invention, an increase in the lifetime of 20 to 30% compared with the prior art can be achieved (comparison of example I1 with C1; comparison of example I2 with C2; comparison of example I3 with C3; comparison of example I4 with C4).

Table 1: structure of OLED

Table 2: data of OLED

Table 3: structural formula of material for OLED

Claims

1. A compound comprising a structure of at least one of the structures of formula (Id), (IId), and/or (IIId),

the symbols used therein are as follows:

Y ¹ is O or S;

Y ² is N (Ar), O, S, C (R) ¹ ) ₂ or-R ¹ C＝CR ¹ –；

W is identical or different in each case and is N or CR ¹ Provided that no more than two W groups in a ring are N;

ar is identical or different on each occurrence and is a cyclic aromatic compound having from 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms which may be substituted by one or more R ¹ A group-substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system;

Ar ^a in each case identical or different and having from 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms and which may be substituted by one or more R ¹ A group-substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system;

R ¹ in each case identical or different and are H, D, F, cl, br, I, CN, NO ₂ ，N(Ar ¹ ) ₂ ，N(R ² ) ₂ ，C(＝O)Ar ¹ ，C(＝O)R ² ，P(＝O)(Ar ¹ ) ₂ ，P(Ar ¹ ) ₂ ，B(Ar ¹ ) ₂ ，Si(Ar ¹ ) ₃ ，Si(R ² ) ₃ Straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy groups having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy groups having from 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R ² Radical substitution of one or more non-adjacent CH ₂ The radical may be represented by-R ² C＝CR ² -、-C≡C-、Si(R ² ) ₂ 、C＝O、C＝S、C＝NR ² 、-C(＝O)O-、-C(＝O)NR ² -、NR ² 、P(＝O)(R ² ) -O-, -S-, SO or SO ₂ And in which one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by D, F, cl, br, I, CN or NO ₂ Instead of, or as an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having from 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R ² Substituted by radicals, or having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and possibly being substituted by one or more R ² Aryloxy or heteroaryloxy radicals substituted by radicals, or having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and which may be substituted by one or more R ² A group-substituted aralkyl or heteroaralkyl group, or a combination of these systems; simultaneously, two or more substituents R ¹ May also together form a mono-or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system;

Ar ¹ r which is identical or different in each case and is 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms and may be nonaromatic by one or more ² A group-substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; simultaneously, two Ar's bound to the same silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus or boron atom ¹ The radicals may also be bridged by single bonds or selected from B (R) ² )、C(R ² ) ₂ 、Si(R ² ) ₂ 、C＝O、C＝NR ² 、C＝C(R ² ) ₂ 、O、S、S＝O、SO ₂ 、N(R ² )、P(R ² ) And P (= O) R ² Are linked together;

R ² identical OR different in each case and is H, D, F, cl, br, I, CN, B (OR) ³ ) ₂ ，CHO，C(＝O)R ³ ，CR ³ ＝C(R ³ ) ₂ ，C(＝O)OR ³ ，C(＝O)N(R ³ ) ₂ ，Si(R ³ ) ₃ ，P(R ³ ) ₂ ，B(R ¹³ ) ₂ ，N(R ³ ) ₂ ，NO ₂ ，P(＝O)(R ³ ) ₂ ，OSO ₂ R ³ ，OR ³ ，S(＝O)R ³ ，S(＝O) ₂ R ³ Straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy groups having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy groups having from 3 to 40 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more R ³ Radical substitution of one or more non-adjacent CH ₂ The group may be represented by-R ³ C＝CR ³ -、-C≡C-、Si(R ³ ) ₂ 、C＝O、C＝S、C＝NR ³ 、-C(＝O)O-、-C(＝O)NR ³ -、NR ³ 、P(＝O)(R ³ ) -O-, -S-, SO or SO ₂ And in which one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by D, F, cl, br, I, CN or NO ₂ Instead of, or with 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted in each case by oneA plurality of R ³ Aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems substituted by radicals, or having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and which may be substituted by one or more R ³ A group-substituted aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group, or a combination of these systems; simultaneously, two or more adjacent R ² The substituents may also together form a mono-or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system;

R ³ identical or different on each occurrence and is H, D, F, or an aliphatic, aromatic and/or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where hydrogen atoms can also be replaced by F; simultaneously, two or more adjacent R ³ The substituents may also together form a mono-or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system;

n is 0, 1,2 or 3;

with the proviso that,

2. A compound according to claim 1, characterized in that two adjacent W groups are each CR ¹ And together form a group of formula (W-1),

wherein

Y ³ Is N (Ar), O, S or C (R) ² ) ₂ ,

X is identical or different in each case and is N or CR ² Provided that no more than two X groups in a ring are N, wherein R is ² Has the definition given in claim 1, and

the dotted line represents a bond to an adjacent atom.

3. Compound according to claim 1, characterized in that the symbol Y ² Is C (R) ¹ ) And R is ¹ At each timeIn each case identical or different, and are each a number of 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms and are each bound by one or more R ² A group-substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system.

4. The compound according to claim 1, characterized in that the symbol Y ² Is of the formula (Y) ² The group of-2),

wherein the dotted line represents a bond to an adjacent atom, R ² Has the definition stated in claim 1, and m is 0, 1,2,3 or 4.

5. The compound of claim 1, characterized by Ar ^b The radical is represented by formula (Ar) ^b The group of-1),

wherein L is ² Is a bond or has 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms and may be substituted by one or more R ¹ Radical-substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems, the symbol R ¹ Has the definition stated in claim 1, m is 0, 1,2,3 or 4 and the dotted line represents a bond.

6. An oligomer, polymer or dendrimer comprising one or more compounds according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein there is bonding of the compound to one or more of the polymer, oligomer or dendrimer.

7. A composition comprising at least one compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and/or an oligomer, polymer or dendrimer according to claim 6 and at least one further compound selected from fluorescent emitters, phosphorescent emitters, host materials, matrix materials, electron transport materials, electron injection materials, hole conductor materials, hole injection materials, electron blocking materials and hole blocking materials.

8. A formulation comprising at least one compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, an oligomer, polymer or dendrimer according to claim 6 and/or at least one composition according to claim 7 and at least one solvent.

9. A process for preparing a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or an oligomer, polymer or dendrimer according to claim 6, characterized in that in a coupling reaction a compound comprising at least one diazadidibenzofuran or diazadidibenzothiophene group is bonded to a group comprising at least one carbazole, fluorene, phenanthrene, benzofuran and/or benzothiophene group.

10. Use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, an oligomer, polymer or dendrimer according to claim 6 or a composition according to claim 7 as a material in an electronic device: host materials, electron transport materials, electron injection materials, and/or hole blocking materials.

11. An electronic device comprising at least one compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or an oligomer, polymer or dendrimer according to claim 6, or a composition according to claim 7.

12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the electronic device is selected from the group consisting of organic electroluminescent devices, organic integrated circuits, organic field effect transistors, organic thin film transistors, organic light emitting transistors, organic solar cells, organic optical detectors, organic photoreceptors, organic field quenching devices, light emitting electrochemical cells, and organic laser diodes.