CN1153050C - All-visual-field imaging spectrum measuring method and equipment - Google Patents
All-visual-field imaging spectrum measuring method and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN1153050C CN1153050C CNB011215496A CN01121549A CN1153050C CN 1153050 C CN1153050 C CN 1153050C CN B011215496 A CNB011215496 A CN B011215496A CN 01121549 A CN01121549 A CN 01121549A CN 1153050 C CN1153050 C CN 1153050C
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Abstract
本发明属于光谱测量技术领域，涉及一种测定二维、三维景物光谱图的方法。本发明的特征是采用图象转换器将二维、三维景物经光学成象系统所形成的象转换成一维象组，采用谱带滤波器选择所需波长范围的物光，采用二维图象接收器采集空间成象光谱图象。本发明的特点是能以大视场、高分辨力、高信噪比获得定态、动态和弱辐射景物的光谱图，相应的仪器具有制造容易、稳定性好、使用简便等特色，可广泛用于科学研究和军民应用等领域。
The invention belongs to the technical field of spectrum measurement, and relates to a method for measuring two-dimensional and three-dimensional scene spectrograms. The feature of the present invention is to use an image converter to convert the image formed by the two-dimensional and three-dimensional scenery into a one-dimensional image group through the optical imaging system, use a spectral band filter to select the object light in the required wavelength range, and use a two-dimensional image The receiver collects spatial imaging spectral images. The feature of the present invention is that it can obtain the spectrograms of stationary, dynamic and weak radiation scenes with large field of view, high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. The corresponding instrument has the characteristics of easy manufacture, good stability and easy use, and can be widely For scientific research and military and civilian applications and other fields.
Description
The invention belongs to the spectral measurement methods field, relate to a kind of the image light spectrometry of measuring two dimension, three-dimensional scene spectrogram and the improvement of spectrum chromatography.
Method and the technology that begins one's study and obtain the scene light spectrogram from later 1970s in the world.Propose at first and what obtain various countries' broad research is the image light spectrometry that utilizes a thin slit that optical imaging and beam split are organically combined: utilize optical imaging system with the scenery imaging on the entrance slit of spectrometer, utilize spectrometer that incident thing light is separated by wavelength (color), on the spectrometer image plane, along the spatial information of parallel slits direction formation scenery, form the spectral information (being spectrogram) of scenery along the vertical slits direction.
There is following major defect in the image light spectrometry:
(1) only is suitable for measuring the spectrogram of static scenes
Because must come the implementation space to differentiate by thin slit, imaging spectrometer all be a linear field, have only to push away to sweep could obtain the spectrogram two-dimentional, that three-dimensional scene is complete by space along the vertical slits direction.Therefore, imaging spectrometer can not be used for the spectrogram of research trends scenery.
(2) the spectral measurement signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is low
Because imaging spectrometer will launch by wavelength from the luminous energy of atural object, so spectrum resembles that to resemble light intensity than secondary color much lower, this has just produced low signal-to-noise ratio.For static observed case, by increasing the problem that sampling can solve the imaging spectrometer low signal-to-noise ratio integral time.For the scanning observed case, sampling is subject to the ground resolving power integral time, causes imaging spectrometer can not obtain the spectrogram of weak radiation scenery.
In order to overcome the limitation of image light spectrometry, obtain the spectrogram of two dimension, Three-Dimensional Dynamic and weak radiation scenery, the early 1990s, proposed in the world chromatographic imaging combined with the optics beam split and obtained the new method of scene light spectrogram---spectrum chromatography (claiming calculating computed tomography image light spectrometry again): utilize optical imaging system that the scenery imaging is not had the incident diaphragm place of blocking in the space at spectrometer, utilize spectrometer to form the tomographic projection sequence of scene light spectrogram, utilize the area array detector image data, utilize computing machine to carry out data inversion, reconstruct the spectrogram of scenery.According to the mode that forms the tomographic projection sequence, the spectrum chromatography is divided into two kinds.First kind, adopt prism to make beam splitter, by changing dispersion direction (Opt.Eng.32 around the optical axis rotary optical system, (1993) 3133～3138) or change prism and change dispersion measure (Proc.SPIE.Vol.1843, (1991) 315～322) produce spectrogram tomographic projection sequence, be mainly used to obtain the spectrogram of weak radiation stationary state scenery.Second kind, adopt two-dimentional transmission grating to make beam splitter, produce a plurality of spectrogram tomographic projections (Opt.Lett.16 (16) simultaneously by its two-way diffraction effect, 1277～1279 (1991), Appl.Opt.36 (16), 3694～3698 (1997)), be mainly used in the spectrogram that obtains the dynamic scenery of narrow wavestrip.
The major defect of spectrum chromatography is as follows:
(1) can not obtain the spectrogram of scenery with high resolution
Because the unusual complexity of number reason relation between the tomographic projection sequence spectrogram corresponding with it, need just to reconstruct the original spectrogram of (promptly " approaching ") scenery, so the reconstruct spectrogram presents very strong " smoothly " phenomenon by algebraically iteration or complex transformations many times.
(2) spectrum chromatograph development difficulty is big, and request for utilization is tight
In order to realize obtaining two dimension with high resolution, the spectrogram of Three-Dimensional Dynamic and weak radiation scenery, (one dimension forms spatial information to resemble separation in succession image light spectrometry spectrum in recent ten years in the world, one dimension formation spectral information) on the basis of thinking, several improvement projects have been proposed in succession, improvements are with one two dimension to be resembled the device that converts the one dimension elephant to substitute original used single slit (USPattern 4678332 (1987), Proc.SPIE.Vol.2198, (1994) 338～349, Proc.SPIE.Vol.2871, (1997) 1179～1186), cause the may observe visual field significantly to diminish thus.
The objective of the invention is to overcome the spectrogram that existing image light spectrometry only is suitable for measuring static state, the strong scenery of radiation, the spectrum chromatograph can not obtain the scene light spectrogram with high spectral resolution power, simultaneously, major defects such as two kinds of instrument development difficulty are big, request for utilization strictness will provide a kind of novel imaging spectrum measuring method and device.
All-visual-field imaging spectrum measuring method proposed by the invention is as follows: at first adopt optical imaging system with two dimension, optical convergence that three-dimensional scene sent on the image converter plane of incidence, form resembling of scenery; Utilize image converter that resembling of scenery is transformed into one dimension and resemble group, one dimension resembles group and is resembled by several one dimensions that are parallel to each other and constitute, the spacing of one dimension elephant makes and to resemble between the formed spectrogram no space overlap mutually by each one dimension, and scenery resembled resemble with one dimension and organize inter-pixel and have one-to-one relationship; The optical alignment that utilizes the optical alignment system to send by each one dimension picture dot; Then, utilizing broad band wave filter collimation scene light to carry out wavelength coverage selects; Utilize the optical dispersion element that collimated light is carried out beam split by wavelength; Utilize optics again imaging system dispersed light is focused on the image plane of all-visual-field imaging spectrum measuring system, form the spatial spectral image; In the spatial spectral image, the edge corresponding one dimension of vertical dispersion direction resembles the spatial information of group, is the spectrogram group of W along the corresponding length of run of dispersion direction; On all-visual-field imaging spectrum measuring system image plane, place image receiver record space spectrographic images,, obtain the spectrogram of two dimension, three-dimensional scene through palinspastic reconstruction.
The all-visual-field imaging spectrum measuring device includes: optical imaging system, optical alignment system, optical dispersion element, optics is imaging system, image converter, broad band wave filter and image receiver again, the plane of incidence of image converter is positioned at the Xiang Mianchu of optical imaging system, the exit facet of image converter overlaps with the front focal plane of optical alignment system, broad band wave filter and optical dispersion element be at optical alignment system and optics again between the imaging system, and image receiver places optics again on the back focal plane of imaging system.The present invention also includes the back of the body and sweeps mirror, and the back of the body is swept the place ahead that mirror places optical imaging system.Image converter incident end is with the 2-D optical fibre array structural arrangement, and exit end is lined up the several rows space uniformly-spaced and the one-dimension optical-fiber array that is parallel to each other.Image converter comprises the light refraction body, can put optical system thereafter, and the plane of incidence of light refraction body is made up of several fillet planes, and each fillet plane link to each other to form the face of turning back by certain angle space and is positioned at the resembling on the face of optical imaging system.Image converter is made by the optical reflection face, and the optical reflection face is the reflecting surface of turning back that is linked to each other and form by certain angle space by several fillet planes.
For staring (scenery is relative with the imaging spectrum measuring system static) measurement situation, the increase image receiver energy integral time can make image receiver obtain more luminous energy, realizes the high s/n ratio spectral measurement.For scanning (scenery and the relative motion of imaging spectrum measuring system, such as vehicle-mounted, airborne, spaceborne etc.) the measurement situation, before optical imaging system, settle the back of the body to sweep mirror, utilize the back of the body to sweep mirror scene light is invested optical imaging system, the back of the body is swept the rotating speed of mirror by the movement velocity decision of carrying platform, scenery is resembled at image receiver be frozen in integral time on the image converter plane of incidence, thereby make image receiver can receive more luminous energy, realize the high s/n ratio spectral measurement.
Good effect of the present invention is as follows:
(1) because the present invention has adopted unique image converter, broad band wave filter and image receiver, can obtain the spectrogram of two dimension, three-dimensional scene a step (promptly by the primary energy integration), so, can not only obtain the spectrogram of two dimension, three-dimensional stationary state scenery, but also can obtain the spectrogram of two dimension, Three-Dimensional Dynamic scenery, and research trends scene light spectrogram situation about developing in time, therefore, solved the problem that the image light spectrometry can not obtain dynamic scene light spectrogram.
(2) owing to adopted unique image converter, broad band wave filter and image receiver, system is full visual field by the formed all-visual-field imaging spectrum measuring of the inventive method, for staring the measurement situation, can realize the high s/n ratio spectral measurement by increasing the energy integral time; For the scanning survey situation, can realize the high s/n ratio spectral measurement by adopting the back of the body to sweep mirror.Therefore, the all-visual-field imaging spectrum measuring system all can receive than imaging spectrometer with any mode work and many a lot of energy, so, can overcome the problem of radiation scene light spectrogram a little less than the image light spectrometry can not obtain with the spectrogram of the weak radiation scenery of high s/n ratio acquisition.
(2) resulting on all-visual-field imaging spectrum measuring system image plane is to resemble formed, the spectrogram group that constitutes of the spectrogram that separates of space each other by some one dimensions, so, the spectrogram of each scenery picture dot all be the space independently, only need palinspastic reconstruction, can obtain the spectrogram of two dimension, three-dimensional scene, therefore, spectrum and spatial resolution height, overcome spectrum chromatography spectrogram restructuring procedure complexity, can not obtain the problem of scene light spectrogram with high spectral resolution power.
(4) image converter of the present invention, two-dimentional scenery resembled be not to convert to an one dimension and resemble, resemble the one dimension that constitutes by some one dimensions parallel to each other and resemble group but convert to, so, its observation visual field is more much bigger than tradition and modified imaging spectrometer, has solved the little difficult problem that can not hold the overall situation of remote sensing spectrum observation field angle in the past.
(5) compare with the spectrum chromatograph with imaging spectrometer, have characteristics such as easy to manufacture, that stability is high, easy to use by the all-visual-field imaging spectrometer of manufacturing of the present invention.
In sum, the present invention will provide a kind of all-visual-field imaging spectrum measuring method that can obtain stationary state, dynamic and weak radiation scene light spectrogram with big visual field, high s/n ratio, high resolution.Can be widely used in by the formed instrument of the present invention: geology mineral identification, vegetation ecological research, the research of ocean seashore water colour, face of land resource exploration, atmosphere and face of land pollution monitoring, crops the yield by estimation, face of land forest and fields such as the variation of meadow area coverage, disaster (as forest fire, floods, volcanic explosion) assessment, Global climate change, physical construction planning, Military Application, government decision and regional sustainable development.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1. a kind of embodiment principle schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2. scenery of the present invention resembles with its one dimension that forms behind image converter and resembles the group synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3. a kind of airborne spaceborne all-visual-field imaging spectrometer synoptic diagram that is used for of the present invention.
Fig. 4. one dimension of the present invention resembles the corresponding relation between group and its formed spatial spectral image.
Fig. 5. optical fiber image converter end view of the present invention.
Fig. 6. several optical image converter therefor schematic side view of the present invention.
Characteristic of the present invention and advantage can be seen more obviously from the embodiment of the invention and accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is an all-visual-field imaging spectrometer that utilizes the present invention to form, by optical imaging system 1, image converter 2, optical alignment system 3, broad band wave filter 4, optical dispersion element 5, optics is imaging system 6 again, image receiver 7 grades partly constitute, optical imaging system 1 with the scenery imaging on image converter 2 incident surface A, this space image is after image converter 2 conversions, become one dimension at image converter 2 exit facet B and resemble group, the optical alignment that optical alignment system 3 will send image converter 2, broad band wave filter 4 only allows the thing light of required wavelength coverage project on the optical dispersion element 5, and broad band wave filter 4 can adopt optical filter, interference filter, coloured glass etc.Optics imaging system 6 again is focused at dispersed light on the image plane C, the formed spatial spectral image of image receiver 7 records, resemble the corresponding relation of organizing inter-pixel according to image converter space two-dimensional and one dimension, carry out palinspastic reconstruction, thereby just accurately obtained spectrogram two-dimentional, three-dimensional scene by the primary energy integration sampling.
Fig. 3 has described to be used for an airborne spaceborne all-visual-field imaging spectrometer, and promptly the all-visual-field imaging spectrometer is with scan mode work.In order to improve the spectral measurement signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of all-visual-field imaging spectrometer, before optical imaging system 1, increase a back of the body and swept mirror 8, so that make scenery formed holding position that resembles on image converter 2 incident surface A in ground constant in 7 integral time at image receiver, thereby make image receiver 7 can receive more atural object luminous energy, this is highly effective to the flight of low-light under dim and cloudy situation spectrum observation.After finishing 7 integral time of image receiver, the back of the body is swept mirror 8 and is got back to initial angle position rapidly, begins the following one-period back of the body and sweeps.
Fig. 5 for example understands an image converter 2 that adopts optical fiber to make, and is integrated by the optical fiber of some, and the plane of incidence adopts plane or curved surface.In fact, the face that resembles of optical imaging system can be designed to curved surface fully, and to reduce the design and the difficulty of processing of optical imaging system 1, at this moment, image converter 2 planes of incidence should be curved surface mutually, and its face shape and the optical imaging system face of resembling are complementary; Its plane of incidence is the 2-D optical fibre array structure, and exit facet is for by some spaces uniformly-spaced and the multiple row structure that constitutes of the one-dimension optical-fiber array that is parallel to each other.
Fig. 6 for example understands several image converters 2, and it comprises light refraction body or optical reflection body, can comprise optical system thereafter.The face of turning back that the plane of incidence of light refraction body or optical reflection body adopts plane, elongated arrowband to form.The exit facet of light refraction body can adopt the plane.
Need particularly point out: two embodiment described above are used for illustrating two special cases of the present invention.For example, in the marginal data, what dispersion element 5 adopted is the optical dispersion prism, in fact also can adopt diffraction grating or other types to have the optical element of dispersion interaction on the present invention; Image receiver 7 can be a film, also can be area array CCD camera, infrared focal plane array, and the other types area array detector; The back of the body is swept mirror 8 and can be adopted rotatable plane reflecting mirror; Equally, also can be diversified based on the structure of all-visual-field imaging spectroscopic optics of the present invention system, such as total refraction type, catadioptric mixed type, fully-reflected type or the like, to adapt to the needs of different application purpose.
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| CN101608997B (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-06-29 | 西安电子科技大学 | Spatial two-dimensional spectral data acquisition device and acquisition method |
| CN101975610B (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2012-02-15 | 北京理工大学 | Light path structure of scanning and imaging spectrometer |
| CN101963529A (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2011-02-02 | 北京理工大学 | Extreme ultraviolet scanning imaging spectrometer |
| CN109839190B (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2021-07-09 | 皑高森德医疗技术（北京）有限责任公司 | Snapshot type hyperspectral imaging device |
| CN112197863A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-01-08 | 武汉精测电子集团股份有限公司 | Lattice spectrum measuring device, area array chromaticity measuring device and method |
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