DE1943222A1 - Electronic monitoring device for drilling conditions in the case of oil and gas deposits - Google Patents

Description

DRESSER INDUSTRIES, IUO., Dallas / Texas - USA

• v; _¥ "., MO-68-13

Electronic. Monitoring device for drilling conditions in the case of oil and gas deposits

The invention aims at a device for permanent View oil and gas well drilling conditions with the drill rig taking a full average of the terrain from always the latest statistics about the occurrence and thus a continuous picture of the drilling conditions supplies. ^ iJ "" '

In the technique of oil and gas drilling, a drilling rig drills at less than peak penetration speeds as there is always a risk of breakouts. Such Outbreaks or "blow outs" are usually caused by formation pressure at the bottom of the borehole, which exceeds the hydrostatic pressure of the drilling mud crevices in the hole creating a condition in which Formation fluids can flow into the wellbore. These odorous liquids, which are usually gas, oil, Water, or a mixture thereof, have low densities, and the pressure differential that makes them flow has caused, the greater the more this external Liquids rise in the borehole, pushing the drilling mud out of the top of the drill pipe. In in this case an outbreak is imminent, unless when the pressure differential that the formation fluid can flow into the borehole, for example, is controlled by closing a breakout preventer, which is

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homely is provided in the upper part of the hole. Because outbreaks extremely dangerous and very costly, devices have been manufactured and attempted to control and prevention of breakouts used in drilling technology. Even so, there is a system for monitoring and displaying the operability is urgently needed.

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide such a system for oil and gas and to specify a new and improved profile of the conditions when drilling for &'and gas. Furthermore, the penetration speed of a drill bit used for drilling and its speed of rotation are to be monitored.

These objects are achieved according to the invention by a system performed in which the drilling parameters and mud information parameters continuously monitored to provide an ongoing profile of drilling conditions. An electronic one Subsystem - is used to constantly monitor the total volume of sludge that is required for the remaining volume of sludge in the drilling mud pit is corrected. A mechanical and electronic auxiliary device is used to constantly monitor the penetration speed and also the total value the penetration of the drill bit and the associated drill pipe and the speed of rotation of the drill bit.

Preferred exemplary embodiments and the modes of operation according to the invention are described in the drawings. For the same or similar parts are used in the individual illustrations the same reference numerals are used. In the drawings is:

Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of the device according to the invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the device and the

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associated electronic elements for monitoring total depth and penetration speed of the drill bit according to the invention;

FIG. 3 shows a circuit arrangement of the switch closing mechanism and the associated electronics for monitoring the rotational speed of the drill bit according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a circuit arrangement for monitoring the total volume of sludge in the borehole according to the invention;

Figure 5 is a more detailed circuit diagram of a tuned Amplifier in the block diagram of Figure 1; and

FIG. 6 shows the schematic representation of the for determining the rotational speed of the drill bit and also used to measure the overall depth and penetration rate of the bit Device.

The block diagram of Figure 1 shows a device according to the invention. A drilling platform 1o through which an earth borehole 11 has been drilled has a penetration speed and Depth gauge 12. Two mud pumps 13 and 14 are used to pump out the usual drilling mud into and out of the borehole, which is known for itself. The mud pumps 13 and 14 first pump the mud into the standpipe 18, from which it is then pumped into the borehole. On return from the earth borehole, the mud flows into the mud hole 16 and into the Rüttelgrube 17 and then into the mud hole 16 and in the suction pit $ 1 back. When setting up according to the preferred Embodiment according to the invention in the standpipe 18 is a conventional pressure sensor 2o for Used to monitor the pressure in the mud pump standpipe. A sensor 21, for example either a floating ball

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or a balance beam, is used to monitor the weight of the Sludge in the line 19 used. Each: of the sludge pits 15, 16 and 17 has a sensor 22, 23 or 24, which is used to Monitoring the volume of sludge in the pits, as will be described in detail in connection with FIG. Such a sensor is preferably a Resistance sensor in which a change in resistance indicates a change in the level of the embankment. To the mud pumps 13 and 14 include two sensors 25 and 26, for example a microswitch that responds to the pump and displays electrical indicators of the pump strokes per minute. A Sensor 27, which will be described in connection with FIGS. 3 and 6, provides an indication of the rotational speed the drill bit of the facility. A feeler 28 indicates the hook load in the device. A sensor 29 of the usual design in the suction pit 15 is used to display the weight of the sludge in this pit.

Figure 4 shows the sensors 22, 23 and 24, which are combined in the circuit generally referred to in Figure 1 as sludge volume 3o and indicate the total sludge volume,

The electrical outputs of the sensors 2o, 21, 22 ,, 23, 24, 25 _$ 26, 27 and 28 and the depth gauge 12 are located on the connection bar 31 · All the circuits and devices described are commonly used to Bohrausrüstungsplattform 1o and to the mud pits.

That portion of the facility shown in dashed lines 32 is shown in Figure 1, is preferably housed in a slide or trailer device that is used to locate the Drilling platform can be transported. A distribution board is located within the dashed lines 32 33, in which the connections to the connecting strip 31 are made. Usually a cable is used for this

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of about 30 meters in length, which is the strip 31 and the distribution board 35 connects with each other. At the exit of the distribution board 33 is a group of matched amplifiers in coupled to the box generally designated amplifier field 34 ·.

FIG. 5 shows such an amplifier in detail. A Penetration and depth transducer 35 described in connection with Figure 2 is attached to the distribution board and also connected to the analog-digital converting part 36, which preferably has a multiple input. As although not shown in detail, the device according to the invention has a built into the circuit Clock generator to put a clock number in the writing for example on the strip pens 37 and 38, ge, to be able to practice. The multiple circuit entry and the monitoring operations are used for the records, clocked once per minute. The gas chromatography part, which is not shown, uses a five-point gas chromatograph in a two-minute cycle, the output of which is plotted on a laterally driven sheet will. The depth and time indications on the sheet are is reproduced according to the time and depth in the report of the automatic device of the strip chart recorder 38.

A conventional analog strip chart recorder 37 is connected to the output of the amplifier section 34-. A digital writing implement is connected to the output of the analog-digital converter 36.

Figure 2 shows a wheel 4o, which moves according to the movement of the driver and traveling block according to Figure 6 rotates. The wheel 4o rotates according to the movement of the cable 41 and has a circumference of 0.6 m. A further wheel 42 is coupled to it, which is connected to wheel 4o

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turns together. The wheel 42 rotates the shaft 44 via the belt 43 and thus drives the rotatable coding mechanism 45. Various devices for converting rotary movements into electrical impulses are known for this purpose. For example, the mechanism 45 can be designed according to the American patent specification 3 »4-26,3o3. The output of mechanism 45 produces one hundred square-wave electrical pulses for each revolution of shaft 44. The output of the device 45 is coupled to a conventional filter and buffer part 46 and then connected to the gate circuit 47. On the gate circuit 47 there is also a locking circuit 48 which, if desired, can be a manual switch which is operated by a supervisor to close the gate 47 when the cable 41 reverses its direction. Such a locking is desirable in order to obtain an electrical display of the movement only when the walking block and the driver device are moved downwards according to FIG when the driver moves down, for example through a one-way clutch. This circuit can also automatically respond to a given speed of the drill bit, its weight or the mud pump pressure, etc. The exit of the gate 47 is shown running in two directions. In one direction, the output of gate 47 controls a series of electronic counters 49 and 51, each of which preferably has a ratio of Io:. For any counter with such a ratio, only one pulse appears at its output for every ten pulses entered into the counter. The output of the counter ψ 51 is then overall to a conventional accumulator circuit 52 -: Λ coupled feeding a Diodenmatrix- and buffer circuit 53 which in turn controls the reproduction part 54 which is not a playback or display device, but only the point at which the exit of the circle occurs.

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When operating the circuit of Figure 2, the shaft 44 makes Twenty revolutions for every 6o cm movement of the cable 41, since the wheel 4o has a circumference of 6o cm and the wheel 42 attacks the lad 4o in a ratio of 1: 2o. For every distance of 30 cm the wave then makes 44-10 Revolutions. Since the device 45 one hundred pulses per revolution generated, its output shows a thousand pulses when the cable 41 is moved a distance of 30 cm at. Since the counters 49, 50 and 51 are a reduction of an output at each generating a thousand pulses from gate 47, causes the output of the counter 51 thus one pulse per Jo cm 41 cable range. The output of the accumulator 52, which lasts through five decades of a BCD reader with 21 Lines shown is then applied to the diode matrix 53 coupled to feed the reading circuit 54 ·.

The output of the counter 49 with an electrical output of one hundred pulses per 30 cm of movement of the cable 41 is coupled to the driver circuit 55 which controls the recorder 37 which is operated as a function of the movement of the cable 41 and thus the depth of the drill bit. Such a strip chart recorder usually has a vertical scale in which 25 cm represents a distance of 30 meters. Since the output of the counter 49 per 3o cm range provides 1oo pulses, the driver * · circle ^ now distance converts the information of 1oo pulses per 3o cm in such for 25 of the writing strip in the device 37 for every 6 meters per track of the cable 41 um.

The output of gate 47 is also on a one-shot multivibrator 6o, the output of which is connected to the filter 61 and controls the operational amplifier 62. The output of the amplifier 62 is coupled to an attenuator 63 and controls the writing instrument 37 · Da the output of the amplifier 62 indicates the speed at which the multivibrator 6o ignites, it indicates the speed at which the

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Cable is moved, and thus the penetration speed of the drill bit. The output of the amplifier is preferably operated with a voltage of 0 to 5 volts DC, the amplitude being directly proportional is the rate of penetration. Because the writing implement 37 operated in conjunction with the total depth where the bit is located, the rate of penetration is a puncture of the depth of the Drill bit on the device 37.

FIG. 3 shows the circuit arrangement which converts the rotation of the drill bit into a direct voltage which is linear to the speed of rotation. The switch 71 is closed once for each revolution, as will be explained in connection with FIG. Closing the switch 71 causes a voltage of, for example, 15 volts on the line 72 to reach the inverting input 74 of the amplifier part 75 via the capacitor 73 »The amplifier 75 and its electronic elements 73» 76, 77 t 781 79, 8o, 81, 82, 83, 84 and 85 contain a one-shot oscillator and trigger section which responds to the closure of switch 71 which then applies a single voltage pulse to the base of transistor 92 through diode 9o and resistor 91 . The transistor 92 and the switching elements 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 and 98 result in an interstage coupling inverter part. The output of the transistor stage 92 leads from its collector via the resistors 97 and 99 to the non-inverting input 1oo of the amplifier 1o1. The amplifier part 1o1 contains, among the elements 1o2, 1o3, 1o4, 1o5, 1o6, 1o7, 1o8, 1o9 and 11o, a signal output, and a filter part, the output of which is a direct voltage that is linear to the number of closings of the switch 71 per unit of time.

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Table 1 shows the values of the elements contained in Figure 3:

Table 1

element value element value 73 o, o1 μΈ 94 47 kOhm 7o9 c 95 27 kOhm 76 1oo kOhm 96 1o kOhm pot. 77 1o kOhm 97 47 kOhm 78 1o kOhm 98 6.8 μΈ 79. IN 4oo9 99 4.7 kOhm 8o IN 4oo9 1o1 7o9 c 81 1o kOhm 1o2 1o uF 82 1.59 / iF 1o3 47 kOhm 83 2oo U) UF 1o4 2oo miF 84 1.5 kOhm 1o5 D 1425 85 o, oo1 yuF 1o6 1.5 kOhm 9o IN 4oo9 1o7 o, oo1 μΈ 91 2.7 kOhm 1o8 1o kOhm 92 2N39o5 1o9 125 fiF, 15 V 93 IN 751 11o 1o kOhm pot.

Since all amplifiers 7o9c are identical, the connections are marked with the numbers * t to 8 in the drawings.

Figure 4 shows in detail the penetration rate and depth conversion circuit 35 of Figure 1. There the three circles at the output of sensors 23, 23 and 24 are identical, only one is shown in detail wrote. The sensor 22, which is a resistance sensor and is located in the mud in the suction pit 35, is located on the balanced bridge circuit with the resistors 12o, 121 and 122. A balancing potentiometer is connected to the resistor 122 126. The connection of the resistors 121 and 122 is connected to the inverting input of the amplifier 124 via the resistor 123. The other end of the

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Resistor 12o is connected to the non-inverting input of this amplifier, which is connected as a differential amplifier and serves to determine the difference between the voltages at the two inputs. The output of the differential amplifier 124 is provided through potentiometer 125 and resistor 126 at summing junction 127o. Similarly, the other circuits showing the electrical signals from sensors 23 and 24 are through potentiometers 128 and 129, respectively, and through resistors 13o and 13, respectively «, 131 connected to summing point 127. At this point there is also a voltage of the potentiometer 132 which indicates the residual sludge in the pits, such a display is necessary because the sensors in the sludge pits do not always reach the bottom of the pit. By adjusting the potentiometer 132 and applying the voltage of the potentiometer through the resistor 133 to the summing pulse 127, the voltage at this point becomes equal to the sum of the signals from the sensors 22, 23, 24 and the potentiometer 132. The amplifier 15o is connected as a summing amplifier and responds to the tension at point 127. ^T he voltage at the output terminal 151 of the amplifier 15o is a linear DC voltage which is the total volume in the mud pits 15, 16 and 17 is proportional to 1 »The potentiometer 152 for adjusting the summing amplifier 150ο

The values of the elements numbered in the figure are in the table 2 reproduced (see next page!).

Figure 5 shows the amplifier parts on the amplifier panel 34 of the Figure 1. As Figure 5 shows, either a DC voltage or an AC voltage input can be via the terminals I7o and 171-be applied. The AC voltage input, then takes place via a. * Capacitor 172 · That boring, the signals are then on resistor 133 and can either

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Table 2 value element value 1.8 kOhm element 2.7 kOhm 141 o, o1 pJ ?, 2oo volts 500 ohm pot. 12ο 2.7 kOhm 142 o, o1 JiF, 200 volts 121 33o ohms 143 1oo; aF, 3o volts 122 47 kOhm 144 47 ohms 123 7o9c 145 o, o1 / iF, 2oo volts 124 1oo kOhm pot " .146 100 / uF, 30 volts 125 1oo kOhm 147. 47o kOhm, 126 100 kOhm pot. 148 1.5 kOhm 128 1oo kOhm pot 149 o, o1 ^ lF, 2oo volts 128. 1oo kOhm 15o 7o9c 13ο 1oo kOhm 152 100 kOhm pot. 131 500 ohm pot. 153 100 kOhm pot. 132 1oo kOhm 154 0.01 / iF, 2oo volts 133 1oo kOhm 155 100 uF, 30 volts 134 1.5 kOhm 156 ο, o1 / aF, 2oo volts 135 o, oo1 ^ uF, 2oo volts 157 47 ohms 136 47 kOhm 158 15 kOhm. 137 ο, οοΙ / iF, 2oo volts 159 4.7 kOhm 138 47 kOhm 16o IK751, 5.1 volts 139 Zener 1oo / iF, 3o volts 161 14ο 162

via resistor 174 or directly to the non-inverting one Entrance to be placed. The switch 175 is only used to indicate that the input selection - inverting or not - to the amplifier is done. The potentiometer 177 and the resistor 178 are used for adjustment of the amplifier. Similarly, potentiometer 179 is used to control the gain · Der The output at terminal 18o is a DC voltage, which allows the use of the information from the individual sensors for converting analog to digital voltages, what takes place in the analog-digital converter 36 of FIG.

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The circuit according to FIG. 5 serves various functions. First of all, it provides a constant input impedance for the analog-to-digital converter 36, then it is a device to adjust the gain or the amplitude of the signals of the individual sensors. It is also an institution to eliminate noises in the associated signal channel. The sensors themselves respond linearly. The exit of the amplifier ± st a linear DC voltage. Through the gain control 179 and the balance control 18o the slope of the output curve at point 18ö of the calibration curve of the given probe can be adjusted closely.

For those used in the circuits of FIGS. 3 and 4 For amplifiers, the preferred positive DC voltage is 15 volts.

The values of the elements of Figure 5 are contained in Table 3:

Table 3

element value element value 172 5 / ιϊ ¹ , 15 volts 184 o, oo1 / iF 173 47 kOhm 185 1.5 kOhm 174 5f1 kOhm -186 O, O1 yUF ' 176 7o9c 187 150 kOhm 177 loo kOhm pot 188 1o kOhm 178 Io MOhm 189 1o kOhm 179 loo kOhm pot. 19o 3o kOhm 181 47 ohms 191 47 ohms 182 0.0IYesF ₁ 2oo volts 192 loo JHF, 30 volts 183 looyiF, 3o volts 193 o, o 1 ^ F, 2oo volts

Figure 6 shows two sensors of the drilling rig. A borehole 2oo (the lower part of the borehole 11 of FIG. 1) penetrates the soil and inside there is a drill string 2o1, the lower end of which has a (not shown) drilling

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sentence carries. On the surface of the earth is the drilling . device with a drill rig 2o2. The hose 2o3 is connected on the one hand to a mud standpipe (not shown) and on the other hand to the drilling vortex device 2o4. The driver 2o5 is connected to the drill pipe 2o1 via the shaft head 2o6 in the usual way and there is a metal block 2o7 on it for influencing an adjacent magnetic field that rotates with the driver. On the drilling vertebra member 2o4 there is a non-rotating detector 27 with a built-in magnetic field and contacts 71 "which can be, for example, protective tube contacts that are actuated by passing the metal block 2o7 when the driver rotates". The switch closing device 71 in the detector 27 responds to the switch 71 in Figure 3 at ₀ The driver 2o5 rotates and likewise the drill pipe 2o1 with the drill bit and thus the closing of the switch 71 indicates the rotational speed of the drill bit.

The measuring device for the total depth and the penetration speed of the drill bit is also shown in FIG To turn track. ' After passing over the wheel 40, the cable is wound onto a drum 211, which is preferably provided with a suitable mechanism, for example a spring motor, which is normally biased to rotate the drum in the direction in which the cable 41 is rotated is wound up. The cable 41 can thus closely follow the movements of the drill string. The wheel 40 and the cable 41 correspond to the wheel Ao and the cable 41 of FIG. 2. The cable 41 is moved by the driver, which is guided near the bottom. The electronic circuitry described is used to measure the depth / penetration speed of the drill bit. .

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Claims (1)

Patent attorneys IQAl ??? DipL-ing. Walter Meissner Dipi.-ing. Herberf TBarer BERLIN 33, HERBERTSTRASSE 22 MUNICH Telephone: 8 87 72 37 - Wireword: Invention Berlin ilL · Poetecheckkonto: W. Meissner, Berlin West 12282 "* λ 4 Allf IQCQ Bank account: W. Meissner, Berliner Bank A.-G., Depka 36 - <dcdiim μ ^ oiiuctA / Mm Wo ·. "Ι · nUU. IjOj Beriln-Halenaße. KurfQrstendamm 130 1 BERLIN 33 (GRUNEWALD), den Berlln-Halensee, Kurf arstendamm 130 Herbertetra0e 22 - MC-68-13 DEESSEH INDUSTRIES, INC., Dallas / Texas - USA Claims 1. Establishment "for a drill rig with a mud pit for monitoring the drilling conditions by means of a sensor arranged in the mud pit, characterized in that, that the sensor (22, 23, 24) supplies an electrical signal relating to the sludge level, and circuitry (32) provides a second electrical signal indicative of the remaining amount of sludge, which has not been detected by the sensor and that both signals are combined to determine the sludge volume to be indicated in the pit (3o). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second signal indicates the volume of sludge in the pit which is below a given level. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that several sludge sensors (22, 23, 24) are provided, one of which is arranged in each mud pit and provides an electrical signal representative of a function of the sludge level in each of the pits and an additional signal is the combined volume of sludge in the pits (15, 16, 17) indicates that the sensors have not detected, and the signals and the additional Signal together the combined sill volume in all Show pits 009824/1188 Uc device according to claim 1 or 3 »characterized in that the linear movement of the drill pipe (2o1) is converted into a rotary movement and this is converted into a series of electrical impulses which are counted and, in the case of linear movement in one direction, an indication of depth and penetration to deliver. 5. Set up after. Claim 4, characterized in that that the impulses are fed to a one-shot Mult! vibrator (6o) which controls an amplifier (62) whose output voltage is proportional to the frequency of the pulses provides an indication of the rate of penetration. 6. Device according to claim 5ι, characterized in that that in addition a strip writing display device (37) the Penetration speed as puncture of the penetration depth records. 7. Device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that that the clocked electrical impulses are counted and the result of the count is the indication of the depth penetration 8. Device according to claim 7 »characterized in that, in addition, the display of the penetration speed as a puncture that shows deep penetration. 9. Set up after. Claim 7 »characterized in that that the electrical impulses are only controlled and counted when the linear movement is in one direction. 1o.Einrichtung according to claim 1, characterized in that a traveling block and driver device (2o5) rotates _{at the same speed as_das Bohrrohr (2o1) during drilling f} on which a non-rotating drilling 009-824 / TI 88 whorl (2o4) with a device for operating a Switch is located which, when closed, provides an indication of the rotational speed of the drill pipe. 11. Device according to claim 1o, characterized in that the driver (205) has a detector (27) with a Has permanent magnetic field and the switch Hf on the Interruption of the magnetic field by rotating a metal block (2o7) responds. 12. Device according to claim 5 »characterized in that that an amplifier, which is controlled by the sensor, changes in its tuning and its gain factor whereby the course of the amplifier output corresponds to the course of the calibration curve of the sensor can be brought. 1Y. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that that the device for changing the gain of the amplifier includes a variable resistor (179) connected between its input and its output lies. 14-. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device for displaying the total volume of the sludge in the sludge pit, the device for displaying the rotational speed of the drilling insert and the device for displaying the penetration speed of the drilling insert each follow a calibration curve and each deliver a signal, are responsive to the three amplifiers, each of which is adjusted to have its output voltage curves match the calibration curve of the corresponding display device. 009824/1188 Device according to claim 14, characterized in that that a converter is also provided for converting the output voltages of the amplifier into digital signals is. 16. EinricEtühg after. Claim 15 »characterized in that that a device for recording the digital signals is provided. 17 »Equipment according to claim. 14, characterized in that that there is a multifunctional arrangement in the three signals, which converts the electrical signals into digital * Signaje. 009824/1 tea ORIGINAL INSPECTBD Blank page