DE310022C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE310022C DE310022C DENDAT310022D DE310022DA DE310022C DE 310022 C DE310022 C DE 310022C DE NDAT310022 D DENDAT310022 D DE NDAT310022D DE 310022D A DE310022D A DE 310022DA DE 310022 C DE310022 C DE 310022C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- gas
- caustic alkali
- melt
- hard
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000004369 Blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 210000003284 Horns Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000276498 Pollachius virens Species 0.000 description 1
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009993 causticizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Description
Die für die Zwecke der Gasabsorption, ζ. Β. des Gasschutzes im Kriege, Bergwerk, Feuer usw., bisher verwendeten Kohlen sind fast ausschließlich durch Verkohlung von Fichtenspänen mit Zinkchlorid hergestellt worden. Demgegenüber besteht das Wesen der vorliegenden Erfindung in der Verkokung von Steinkohlen bei Gegenwart von Ätzalkalien. Dieses Verfahren hat den besonderen Vorteil, daß als Rohmaterial Steinkohle zur Verwendung kommt, welche in großen Mengen zur Verfügung steht, während das Ätzalkali durch Kaustizieren wieder vollständig zurückgewonnen und zur. Herstellung neuer Mengen absorbierender Kohlen verwendet wird. Die nach vorliegender Erfindung erhaltene Kohle ist sehr hart und ergibt beim Vermählen ein Korn von kugeliger Gestalt, was für die Absorption außerordentlich günstig ist. Z. B.For the purpose of gas absorption, ζ. Β. of gas protection in war, mine, fire etc., previously used coals are almost entirely due to the charring of spruce chips made with zinc chloride. In contrast, there is the essence of the present Invention in the coking of hard coal in the presence of caustic alkalis. This process has the particular advantage that coal is used as a raw material, which is used in large quantities is available, while the caustic alkali is completely recovered by causticizing and to. Manufacture of new quantities of absorbent coals is used. The coal obtained according to the present invention is very hard and, when milled, produces a grain of spherical shape, which is good for absorption is extremely cheap. E.g.
werden 400 kg Na OH in einem Kessel geschmolzen, hierauf 150 kg Steinkohle in kleinen Stücken eingetragen und zwei Stunden lang unter Rühren die Schmelze flüssig erhalten, wobei die Temperatur zweckmäßig zwischen 450 und 5500 C gehalten wird. Die Schmelze wird nach dem Erkalten mit Wasser, gegebenenfalls mit Säure versetztem, behandelt, evtl. mehrmals, bei Anwendung von Säuren vorteilhaft schließlich mit reinem Wasser, und der verbleibende Rückstand nach dem Trocknen längere Zeit bei etwa 8500 C geglüht. Die geglühte Kohle wird in geeigneten Mühlen zerkleinert und abgesiebt. Die Lösung der Schmelze wird auf bekannte Weise mit Kalkmilch kaustiziert und nach dem Eindampfen zur Trockne neuerdings für eine frische Partie Rohmaterialien verwendet.400 kg of Na OH are melted in a kettle, 150 kg of hard coal are then added in small pieces and the melt is kept in liquid form for two hours with stirring, the temperature advantageously being kept between 450 and 550 ° C. After cooling, the melt is treated with water, optionally mixed with acid, possibly several times, and if acids are used, it is advantageous finally with pure water, and the residue that remains after drying is calcined at about 850 ° C. for a longer period of time. The calcined coal is crushed in suitable mills and sieved. The solution of the melt is causticized in a known manner with milk of lime and, after evaporation to dryness, recently used for a fresh batch of raw materials.
Die Wirkung des Ätzalkalis kann durch Zusatz von Flußmitteln, wie Chlornatrium, unterstützt werden. Man benutzt vorteilhaft gleiche Mengen von Chlornatrium, doch können auch andere Mengenverhältnisse und Flußmittel benutzt werden. Man kann auch Braunkohle, namentlich die der Steinkohle ähnlichen Sorten, allein oder in Mischung mit Steinkohle verwenden.The effect of the caustic alkali can be supported by adding fluxes such as sodium chloride will. It is advantageous to use equal amounts of sodium chloride, but it is also possible other proportions and fluxes can be used. You can also use lignite, Namely the types similar to hard coal, alone or in a mixture with hard coal use.
Die Kohlen werden besonders als Einsatz in Gasschutzmasken verwendet.The coals are used in particular as an insert in gas protective masks.
Die Wirkung des vorliegenden Verfahrens besteht darin, aus Mineralkohle eine Kohle zu liefern, welche Gase gut zu absorbieren vermag. Zwischen Gasabsorption und Entfärbungsvermögen besteht keine Parallelität. Die älteren Verfahren, welche Alkalien für die Herstellung von Entfärbungskohle verwenden, liefern keine für die Gasabsorption günstige Kohle. Während nach der deutschen Patentschrift 44063 vegetabilische Materialien mit Kali und Natronlauge gekocht und die erhaltene Lösung eingedampft und kalziniert wird, verwendet das vorliegende Verfahren nicht die durch Extraktion erhaltene Lösung, sondern verkokt Steinkohle mit geschmolzenem Ätzalkali. Nach der deutschen Patentschrift 267346 wird Torf, ein pflanzliches Material, mit Alkalien bei gewöhnlicher Tem-The effect of the present method is to convert mineral coal into coal deliver which gases can absorb well. Between gas absorption and discoloration ability there is no parallelism. The older processes that use alkalis to make decolorizing charcoal do not provide coal favorable for gas absorption. While according to the German patent specification 44063 vegetable materials cooked with potash and caustic soda and the obtained Solution is evaporated and calcined, the present process does not use the solution obtained by extraction, but cokes hard coal with molten caustic alkali. According to the German patent specification 267346 is peat, a vegetable material, with alkalis at ordinary temperatures
peratur behandelt und erst nach erfolgter chemischer Umsetzung der trockenen Destillation unterworfen. Nach Köhler, »Die Fabrikation des Rußes«, 3. Auflage. Braunschweig 1912, Seite 185, Absatz 2, wird tierisches Material (Blut, Blutkuchen, Horn, Lederabfälle) in Natronlauge gelöst und bei Luftabschluß kalziniert. Im Gegensatz zu diesem bekannten Verfahren verwendet das vorliegende mineralische Kohle und benutzt eine Verkokung. Das erhaltene Produkt entspricht den Bedingungen für die Anwendung in Gasmasken, nämlich eine gewisse Korngröße, kugelige Kornform und hohe Lagerbeständigkeit zu besitzen.temperature and only after chemical conversion of the dry distillation subject. According to Köhler, "Die Fabrikation des Rußes", 3rd edition. Braunschweig 1912, page 185, paragraph 2, becomes animal Material (blood, blood cakes, horn, leather waste) dissolved in caustic soda and with exclusion of air calcined. In contrast to this known method, the present one uses mineral coal and uses a coking. The product obtained meets the conditions for use in gas masks, namely to have a certain grain size, spherical grain shape and high storage stability.
Claims (2)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE310022C true DE310022C (en) |
Family
ID=563143
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DENDAT310022D Active DE310022C (en) |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE310022C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1987001686A1 (en) * | 1985-09-24 | 1987-03-26 | The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. | Process for the production of adsorbent carbon |
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0
- DE DENDAT310022D patent/DE310022C/de active Active
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1987001686A1 (en) * | 1985-09-24 | 1987-03-26 | The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. | Process for the production of adsorbent carbon |
EP0216599A1 (en) * | 1985-09-24 | 1987-04-01 | The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. | Process for the production of adsorbent carbon |
US4769359A (en) * | 1985-09-24 | 1988-09-06 | The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. | Process for the production of adsorbent carbon |
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