EP0093030B1 - Sublevel space, in particular a cellar and method of creating the same - Google Patents

Sublevel space, in particular a cellar and method of creating the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0093030B1
EP0093030B1 EP19830400666 EP83400666A EP0093030B1 EP 0093030 B1 EP0093030 B1 EP 0093030B1 EP 19830400666 EP19830400666 EP 19830400666 EP 83400666 A EP83400666 A EP 83400666A EP 0093030 B1 EP0093030 B1 EP 0093030B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aforesaid
panels
excavation
notably
room
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19830400666
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0093030A1 (en
Inventor
Paul Maurice Marie Roux
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8207292A external-priority patent/FR2525663A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT83400666T priority Critical patent/ATE25413T1/en
Publication of EP0093030A1 publication Critical patent/EP0093030A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0093030B1 publication Critical patent/EP0093030B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars
    • E04B1/0015—Cellars constructed from prefabricated units

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a buried room such as in particular a cellar, and a method for the arrangement thereof in a construction comprising a floor slab, in particular of concrete, by which it rests on the ground.
  • EP-A-0002 141 describes a process for fitting out a room buried in a construction that did not originally have one.
  • an opening is cut in the floor slab through which an excavation is dug, a waterproof envelope or pocket is installed lining said excavation, a raft is made, in particular based on sand, then a floor, walls side made of stacked boxes, forming storage lockers, and a ceiling.
  • the rows of racks extend against the wall of the room according to an annular cylinder, each of the racks having in horizontal section the shape of an annular sector, that is to say that it has an upper horizontal wall , two flat vertical lateral faces converging towards the center of the excavation, a front access face, possibly a rear face each having a section in the shape of an arc of a circle, the length of the arc of a circle of the front face being less than the length of the arc of the rear face.
  • the structure of these storage lockers necessarily gives the buried room thus produced a generally cylindrical shape to ensure its solidity.
  • the known possibility does not make it possible to produce a buried room of generally prismatic shape, such as in particular cubic or rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the present invention aims to avoid the above drawbacks by proposing a method, of the type described in EP-A-0002 141 in accordance with the preamble of claim 1, and characterized in that after completion of the floor, erects posts or uprights, in particular in reinforced concrete, extending from the floor to the level of the ceiling, in that one inserts, by sliding, between the posts forming a slide for holding and guiding, the boxes by stacking them, and realizes the ceiling.
  • the posts or uprights on which the cements forming retaining walls are based make it possible to resist the thrust of the earth, in particular in the case where the buried room is of prismatic shape, in particular cubic or rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the ceiling beams are laid, each resting on two aforementioned opposite poles, then on said beams, slabs, in particular prefabricated concrete, preferably removable and contiguously juxtaposed.
  • the facings of the excavation are shielded, as the excavation of the latter and leaving uncovered, in the background of said excavation, a space corresponding substantially to at least the height of the lower row of structural elements of the walls of the room, in particular the caissons.
  • a support frame is placed on the edges of said partial excavation, a first series of shielding panels is installed in said partial excavation against the facing of soil of said excavation; installing a second series of shielding panels in said excavation below said first series of panels; said panels are fixed to each other, to said upper panels and to said support frame; these operations being repeated for as many series of panels as necessary according to the depth of said desired excavation.
  • the first series of aforementioned panels is constituted by prefabricated dihedrons immobilized in position in the corners of the aforementioned partial excavation of in particular rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the above-mentioned adjacent dihedrons are fixed using bars, in particular metallic and hollow, of square or rectangular section.
  • a free space is maintained between the abovementioned adjacent dihedrons and possibly a free space between the lower edge of said dihedrons and the bottom of the abovementioned partial excavation.
  • the fixing of the aforesaid dihedrons to the aforementioned support frame is carried out by means of threaded rods or the like, passing through the panels constituting said dihedral and bolted, on the one hand to the aforementioned support frame and on the other part to the underside of bars, in particular of metal and of substantially H section where the lower edges of said adjacent dihedrons are fitted.
  • the immobilization of the aforesaid dihedrons in the corners of the aforementioned partial excavation is obtained by lowering round tubes into the square tubes joining the two panels constituting said dihedral.
  • the immobilization in the corners of the aforementioned excavation of the panels of the aforementioned lower series is obtained by lowering the aforementioned round tubes into the square tubes formed by two portions of square tube fixed on one side of a panel and spaced so that a corresponding portion of square tube fixed on the corresponding side of an adjacent panel and perpendicular to the previous comes to be housed in the space thus defined to form said square tube, over the entire length of the corresponding sides of said panels, square tube adapted to receive said round tube.
  • the aforementioned adjacent panels of the aforementioned lower series are connected together and to the aforementioned dihedrons, along the walls of the aforementioned excavation, by means of the bars, in particular metallic and of section substantially in H, above, maintaining a free space between two adjacent panels, and possibly a spacing between the lower edge of said panels and the bottom of the excavation.
  • the aforementioned panels of the aforementioned lower series are fixed to the aforementioned support frame and to the panels of the aforementioned upper series, by descent of threaded rods in the holes passing through said panels provided in the alignment of holes correspondents passing through said upper panels and the aforementioned H-bar, threaded rods which are bolted, on the one hand to said support frame and on the other hand to the underside of a bar, in particular metal in U shape, in which is fitted the lower edge of two of said adjacent panels.
  • the present invention also relates to buried premises, such as in particular a cellar; carried out by implementing the above method.
  • the buried room is of the type comprising a floor, a ceiling and side walls consisting in particular of the stack of caissons, in particular prefabricated in concrete, the whole being housed in an excavation dug under the floor slab of a construction, said excavation being lined with a waterproof envelope and provided with a raft, in particular based on sand, and is characterized in that said caissons act as retaining walls to contain the thrust of the earth by taking support, by their vertical edges , against posts or uprights, in particular in reinforced concrete, extending from said floor to said ceiling, the edges having a shape conjugated to that of the posts.
  • the aforementioned floor consists of spaced parallel beams, in particular in reinforced concrete, on which rest slabs, in particular prefabricated in concrete, joined juxtaposed.
  • the aforementioned ceiling consists of spaced parallel beams, in particular in reinforced concrete, each resting on two aforementioned opposite posts and on which rest slabs, in particular prefabricated concrete, preferably removable, and joined juxtaposed.
  • the edges of the aforementioned slabs are of shape combined with that of the aforementioned beams; aforementioned posts and beams having in particular a tee profile.
  • the aforementioned boxes of substantially parallelepiped shape are open, entirely or partially, on their upper face or bottom, and internal vertical side; the vertical edges of the walls of two adjacent boxes forming a groove in which is housed the tenon portion of the aforementioned posts.
  • the aforementioned room can be enlarged, parallel to the longitudinal horizontal beams supporting the ceiling tiles by adding at least one transverse horizontal beam, for example of reinforced concrete, at the end of said longitudinal beams and extending said longitudinal beams with additional longitudinal beams.
  • the room can be enlarged, perpendicular to the aforementioned longitudinal beams by adding additional longitudinal beams parallel to the first longitudinal beams.
  • At least one wall of the aforementioned room is formed by panels or plates while the remaining walls are formed by the aforementioned boxes.
  • at least part of a wall of the aforementioned room may consist of stacked elements open at their bottom, their top side, and their side facing the inside of said room.
  • the buried room 1 such as in particular a cellar, has a floor 2, a ceiling 3 and side walls 4,5,6, and 7, consisting in particular of the stack of boxes 8, in particular prefabricated in concrete, and serving as storage lockers.
  • the assembly is housed in an excavation 9 dug under the floor slab 10 of a construction (not shown), said excavation being lined with a waterproof envelope 11, and provided with a raft 12, in particular based on sand.
  • the structural elements of the walls in particular the boxes 8 play the role of retaining walls to contain the thrust of the earth by bearing against the posts or uprights 13, in particular of reinforced concrete, extending from the floor 2 at ceiling level 3; the fixing and holding in place of said posts being ensured by any appropriate means.
  • the floor 2 consists of spaced parallel beams 14, in particular in reinforced concrete, on which rest slabs 15, in particular prefabricated in concrete, and joined juxtaposed.
  • the ceiling 3 consists of spaced parallel beams 16, in particular of reinforced concrete, each resting on two opposite posts 13, and being fixed thereto by any appropriate means.
  • On the beams 16 and the end crosspieces 21 rest slabs 17, in particular prefabricated concrete, preferably removable, and joined juxtaposed.
  • the flanges 15 ′, 17 ′ of the slabs 15, 17 are in particular of shape combined with that of the beams 14, 16; posts 13 and beams 14, 16 having for example a tee profile.
  • the flanges 15 ′, 17 ′ of the slabs 15, 17 comprise a shoulder by which said slabs rest on the wings 14 ′, 16 ′ of the beams 14, 16.
  • the boxes 8, in particular of substantially parallelepiped shape, are open, entirely or partially, on their upper or bottom faces, and internal vertical side; that is to say the face opening onto the internal free space of the room.
  • the vertical edges 18 of the walls of the boxes 8 bearing against the posts 13 have a shape combined with that of said posts.
  • said edges 18 of two adjacent boxes can form a groove in which is housed the tenon part 13 ′ of the posts 13.
  • the buried room thus defined is of general prismatic shape, in particular cubic or rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the room of rectangular parallelepiped shape is produced from four types of boxes.
  • the lower casings 8a, 8b forming the base of the walls of the room are devoid of an upper wall; the angle boxes 8a being partially open at their internal vertical lateral face, while the straight boxes 8b are completely open at their internal vertical side face.
  • the angle boxes 8c and right 8d other than those of the base are devoid of bottom, the role of bottom, being played by the upper face of the box immediately below.
  • the corner boxes 8c are partially open at their internal vertical lateral face, while the straight boxes 8d are completely open at their internal vertical side face. It is obvious that the external side walls of the boxes constitute the side walls of the room.
  • the large side walls of the room are made up of six levels of stacked boxes, one of which is a base, each row being made up of two straight boxes and two corner boxes, while the small side walls of the room, of course also consist of six levels of stacked boxes, each of which includes a straight box and two corner boxes.
  • Each level of boxes thus comprises in the example shown, six straight boxes, four for the two large walls and two for the two small walls, and four corner boxes.
  • the boxes 8 bear against the uprights 13 in particular by the vertical edges 18 of the vertical side walls 8 ′, 8 "adjacent to the neighboring boxes.
  • the angle boxes 8a, 8c one of these walls is formed by the 8 "wall partially closing their internal vertical lateral face.
  • three aligned uprights 13 are provided to support the large walls of the room, while two uprights 13 are also provided to support the small walls of said room. Said uprights define in this embodiment a free space of rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the room 1 can be enlarged, parallel to the longitudinal horizontal beams 16 supporting the ceiling tiles by adding at least one transverse horizontal beam 142, for example of reinforced concrete, at the end of the longitudinal beams 16 and by extending said beams with additional longitudinal beams 16.
  • the beam 142 can be poured on site by making a formwork, the corresponding ends of the first beams 16 and additional beams being embedded in the concrete.
  • an intermediate support post 145 may optionally be provided, placed in particular at the junction of the two series of longitudinal beams.
  • the room 1 can be enlarged, perpendicular to the longitudinal beams 16, by adding additional longitudinal beams 16 parallel to the first longitudinal beams 16.
  • At least one wall of the room 1 can be formed by panels or plates 143 while the remaining walls are formed by the boxes 8.
  • at least part of a wall of the room 1 can be made of elements 144 (FIG. 13) open at their bottom, their top side and their side facing the interior of room 1.
  • the removable shielding device of the excavation 9, comprises a support frame 101 installed on the edges of the excavation 9 and a certain number of series of shielding panels 102, 103 arranged along the walls or facings of earth 100 from the excavation 9, and removably attached to the support frame 101.
  • the number of series of shielding panels of course depends on the depth of the excavation that is to be carried out, as well as the dimensioning of said panels. In the example shown, in particular in FIG. 5, two series of shielding panels are used, each series consisting of eight panels or half-panels, that is to say two panels for each face of the excavation . This number can of course be adapted according to the dimensions of the excavation desired, for example by adding panels between the panels positioned in the corners of the excavation.
  • the support frame 101 in particular rectangular, is made up of two pairs of bars 129, in particular metallic, parallel and spaced, each pair of bars being linked to the other pair by bars 130, parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to said pairs of bars 129.
  • the spacing between pairs of bars 129 and bars 130 perpendicular to said pairs is chosen according to the dimensions of the opening of the excavation 9 so that the earth facings 100 of the excavation are in the extension, on the one hand, of the internal faces 131 of the external bar 129a of said pairs, and, on the other hand, of the external faces 130a of bars 130; the terms "external” and “internal” to be understood in relation to excavation 9.
  • the ends 132 of the bars 130 come to be embedded in lugs 133 U-section support fixed, in particular welded, to the internal faces 134 of the internal bars 129b of each of the above-mentioned pairs of bars; the spacing between the bars 129 being maintained by the portions 135 of substantially vertical square tube situated in the extension of the angles 104 of the excavation 9, and allowing the fixing of the bars 129 between them.
  • the series of upper panels 102 consists of dihedrons formed by two substantially perpendicular panels 108 secured by a substantially vertical square tube 112 adapted to receive a round tube 111 for positioning the dihedrons in the corners 104 from excavation 9.
  • a bar 105 in particular hollow and of square or rectangular section, is fixed, during the installation of the removable shielding device, to the upper edges 136 of two adjacent panels 108 along a wall of the excavation 9, in particular by fixing means 146; stops 137 being provided to maintain a certain spacing between the adjacent panels 108 so as to take account of the stresses resulting from the thrust of the earth.
  • the series of lower panels 103 are constituted by flat panels having means 138 for positioning substantially at 90 ° relative to one another.
  • These means consist in particular of two portions 114 of square tube fixed on one side 116a of a panel 103a and spaced so that a corresponding portion of square tube 115 fixed on the corresponding side 116b of an adjacent panel 103b and substantially perpendicular to the previous one is housed in the space thus defined to form a square tube 113 over the entire length of the corresponding sides 116a, 116b of said panels, and adapted to receive the round tube 111.
  • the upper 102 and lower 103 panels have through holes 120,119; 118, respectively, for the passage of threaded rods 107, 117, respectively, for fixing said panels 102, 103 to the support frame 101, in particular.
  • These threaded rods 107, 117 respectively are provided with nuts 107a, 117a for fixing to the frame 101, as well as of nuts provided at their lower ends to allow the fixing of the panels 102, 103 between them and to the support frame 101
  • the support frame 101 is provided, on the one hand, between the pairs of parallel bars 129 of plates 147 pierced for the passage of the threaded rods 107, 117 and, on the other hand, the parallel bars 130 of the support frame 101 are pierced with holes 148 for the passage of other threaded rods 107, 117.
  • the removable shielding device also comprises profiles 110 of section substantially in H.
  • profiles 110 of section substantially in H will be embedded, on the one hand the lower edge 106 of two panels 108 adjacent upper along a wall of the excavation 9 and, on the other hand, the upper edge 139 of two adjacent lower panels 103 along a wall of the excavation 9, which allows the fixing of two lower panels 103 between them, maintaining a space between them, in particular by means of stops 140, and the fixing of these to the corresponding upper panels 108; said profile being traversed by holes 141 corresponding to the through holes 120,119; 118 cited above.
  • the shielding device also comprises a certain number of sections 121 of substantially U-shaped section. In each of these sections, the lower edges 122 of two adjacent lower panels 103 will be embedded along a wall of the excavation 9; the threaded rods 117 being bolted to the underside of said profiles 121 so as to hold the entire shielding device, in particular the bottom panels 103, to the support frame 101.
  • the aforementioned panels 108, 103 consist in particular of a wooden body 149, in particular of plywood, possibly covered with a coating 150, in particular metallic.
  • the earth siding 100 of the excavation 9 is shielded, as it is dug and leaving uncovered, in the bottom of the excavation 9, a corresponding space substantially at least the height of the lower row of structural elements of the walls of the room, in particular the boxes 8.
  • a support frame 101 is placed on the edges of the partial excavation; installing a first series of shielding panels 102 in the partial excavation against the earth faces of the excavation; the panels 102 are fixed to each other and to the support frame 101 and then the excavation 9 is partially continued, a second series of shielding panels 103 is installed in the excavation below the first series of panels 102; the panels 103 are fixed together, to the upper panels 102 and to the support frame 101; these operations being repeated for as many series of panels as necessary according to the depth of the desired excavation.
  • the first series of panels 102 constituted by dihedral in particular prefabricated, is immobilized in position in the angles 104 of the partial excavation which has in particular a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the adjacent dihedrons 102 are fixed by means of the bars 105, in particular metallic and hollow of square or rectangular section, by the fixing means 146.
  • a free space is maintained between the adjacent dihedrons 102, and possibly a free space between the lower edge 106 of the dihedrons 102 and the bottom of the partial excavation.
  • To fix the dihedrons 102 to the support frame 101 use the threaded rods 107 or the like passing through the panels 108, constituting the dihedrons 102, through the holes 120 which are provided there.
  • the threaded rods 107 are bolted, on the one hand, to the support frame 101 by means of nuts or the like 107a, and, on the other hand, to the lower face 109 of the bars 110, in particular of metal and of section substantially in H where come fit the lower edges 106 of the adjacent dihedrons 102.
  • the immobilization of the dihedrons 102 in the angles 104 of the partial excavation is obtained by lowering the round tubes 111 in the square tubes 112 joining the two panels 108 constituting said dihedrons.
  • the immobilization in the angles 104 of the partial excavation of the panels 103 is obtained by lowering the round tubes 111 into the square tubes 113 formed by the meeting of the tube portions 114 and 115 during the positioning at substantially 90 ° of the panels 103 in the angles of the excavation.
  • the adjacent panels 103 are connected along a wall of the excavation to each other and to the dihedra 102 by means of the bars 110 of substantially H section while maintaining a free space between two adjacent panels 103, and possibly a spacing between the lower edge 122 of said panels and the bottom of the partial excavation.
  • the panels 103 are fixed to the support frame and to the panels 102 of the upper series by lowering the threaded rods 117 into the holes 118 passing through the panels 103 provided in the alignment of corresponding holes 119 passing through the upper panels 108 as well as the holes 141 correspondents provided in the bars 110.
  • the threaded rods 117 are bolted, on the one hand to the support frame 101 in particular by nuts 117a and, on the other hand, to the underside of the bars 121, in particular metal U-shaped in which come fit the lower edges 122 of two adjoining panels 103.
  • a belt 123 in particular metallic, is installed provisionally at the top of the posts 13 to keep them in position; said belt being in particular fixed to threaded sockets 127a provided at the head of posts 13.
  • the belt 123 consists of two elements 124, the meeting of which forms a quadrilateral.
  • the fixing of two elements 124 being carried out by angles 125 of which a part is welded to one of the elements 124 while the other part is bolted at 126 to the other element 124.
  • Fixing means 127 are provided in correspondence with the sockets 127a of the posts 13.
  • Reinforcements 128 are provided at the four corners of the belt 123.
  • the first structural elements are then lowered from the walls of the room 1, in particular a first row of racks 8 which lock the assembly at the bottom by sliding the boxes 8 between the posts 13 forming support and guide slides; then the waterproof envelope 11 is unfolded to the upper level of said elements or racks; at the same time as an embankment is raised, especially in sand.
  • the abovementioned lower panels 103 are then removed by unbolting the threaded rods 117, declawing the U-shaped bars 121 and lifting the round tubes 111 in the corners 104.
  • the dihedral panels 102 and the support frame 101 are removed by lifting them; then, after pouring the reinforced concrete chaining connecting the posts, the provisional belt 123 for holding the posts 13 is removed.
  • a staircase 19 in particular a sheet metal staircase, is also installed along a wall, the latter notably comprising two lateral stringers 20, 20 ′ or a single central stringer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un local enterré tel que notamment une cave, et un procédé pour l'aménagement de celui-ci dans une construction comportant une dalle de plancher, notamment en béton, par laquelle elle repose sur le sol.The present invention relates to a buried room such as in particular a cellar, and a method for the arrangement thereof in a construction comprising a floor slab, in particular of concrete, by which it rests on the ground.

EP-A-0002 141 décrit un procédé pour l'aménagement d'un local enterré dans une construction n'en comportant pas à l'origine. Dans ce procédé connu, on découpe dans la dalle de plancher une ouverture à travers laquelle on creuse une excavation, on installe une enveloppe ou poche étanche tapissant ladite excavation, on réalise un radier, notamment à base de sable, puis un plancher, des parois latérales constituées de caissons empilés, formant casiers de rangement, et un plafond. Plus précisément, les rangées de casiers s'étendent contre la paroi du local selon un cylindre annulaire, chacun des casiers présentant en section horizontale la forme d'un secteur annulaire, c'est-à-dire qu'il présente une paroi horizontale supérieure, deux faces latérales verticales planes convergeant vers le centre de l'excavation une face avant d'accès, éventuellement une face arriére ayant chacune une section en forme d'arc de cercle, la longueur de l'arc de cercle de la face avant étant inférieure à la longueur de l'arc de cercle de la face arrière. La structure de ces casiers de rangement confère nécessairement au local enterré ainsi réalisé une forme généralement cylindrique pour assurer sa solidité.EP-A-0002 141 describes a process for fitting out a room buried in a construction that did not originally have one. In this known method, an opening is cut in the floor slab through which an excavation is dug, a waterproof envelope or pocket is installed lining said excavation, a raft is made, in particular based on sand, then a floor, walls side made of stacked boxes, forming storage lockers, and a ceiling. More specifically, the rows of racks extend against the wall of the room according to an annular cylinder, each of the racks having in horizontal section the shape of an annular sector, that is to say that it has an upper horizontal wall , two flat vertical lateral faces converging towards the center of the excavation, a front access face, possibly a rear face each having a section in the shape of an arc of a circle, the length of the arc of a circle of the front face being less than the length of the arc of the rear face. The structure of these storage lockers necessarily gives the buried room thus produced a generally cylindrical shape to ensure its solidity.

En d'autres termes, le possible connu ne permet pas de réaliser un local enterré de forme générale prismatique, telle que notamment cubique ou parallèlépipèdique rectangulaire.In other words, the known possibility does not make it possible to produce a buried room of generally prismatic shape, such as in particular cubic or rectangular parallelepiped.

De plus, il est nécessaire, selon le procédé connu, de prévoir entre l'enveloppe d'étanchéité et les casiers de rangement un stabilisateur, tel que par exemple du sable, pour contenir la poussée des terres.In addition, it is necessary, according to the known method, to provide between the sealing envelope and the storage lockers a stabilizer, such as for example sand, to contain the thrust of the earth.

La présente invention à pour but d'éviter les inconvénients ci-dessus en proposant un procédé, du type décrit dans le EP-A-0002 141 conformément au préambule de la revendication 1, et caractérisé en ce qu'après réalisation du plancher, on érige des poteaux ou montants, notamment en béton armé, s'étendant du plancher au niveau du plafond, en ce qu'on insère, en glissant, entre les poteaux formant glissière de maintien et de guidage, les caissons en les empilant, et on réalise le plafond.The present invention aims to avoid the above drawbacks by proposing a method, of the type described in EP-A-0002 141 in accordance with the preamble of claim 1, and characterized in that after completion of the floor, erects posts or uprights, in particular in reinforced concrete, extending from the floor to the level of the ceiling, in that one inserts, by sliding, between the posts forming a slide for holding and guiding, the boxes by stacking them, and realizes the ceiling.

Les poteaux ou montants sur lesquels s'appuient les caisons formant murs de soutènement permettent de résister à la poussée des terres, notamment dans le cas où le local enterré est de forme prismatique, notamment cubique ou parallèlépipèdique rectangulaire.The posts or uprights on which the cements forming retaining walls are based make it possible to resist the thrust of the earth, in particular in the case where the buried room is of prismatic shape, in particular cubic or rectangular parallelepiped.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, pour réaliser le plancher, on dispose des poutres parallèles espacées sur lesquelles on pose des dalles, notamment préfabriquées en béton, jointivement juxtaposées.According to another characteristic of the invention, in order to produce the floor, there are spaced parallel beams on which slabs, in particular prefabricated concrete, are placed, joined together juxtaposed.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique, avant ou après installation d'un escalier, notamment préfabriqué en tôle, le long d'une paroi, on pose les poutres de plafond, chacune reposant sur deux poteaux précités opposes, puis sur lesdites poutres, on pose des dalles, notamment préfabriquées en béton, de préférence amovibles et jointivement juxtaposées.According to yet another characteristic, before or after installation of a staircase, in particular prefabricated in sheet metal, along a wall, the ceiling beams are laid, each resting on two aforementioned opposite poles, then on said beams, slabs, in particular prefabricated concrete, preferably removable and contiguously juxtaposed.

Dans la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé, un problème important réside dans le maintien de la fouille en terrain ébouleux.In the implementation of such a method, an important problem lies in maintaining the excavation in crumbling terrain.

Pour résoudre ce problème et selon une autre caracteristique de l'invention, avant la réalisation dudit local proprement dit, on blinde les parements de l'excavation, au fur et à mesure du creusement de celle-ci et en laissant découvert, dans le fond de ladite excavation, un espace correspondant sensiblement à au moins la hauteur de la rangée inférieure des éléments de structure des parois du local, notamment les caissons.To solve this problem and according to another characteristic of the invention, before the realization of said local proper, the facings of the excavation are shielded, as the excavation of the latter and leaving uncovered, in the background of said excavation, a space corresponding substantially to at least the height of the lower row of structural elements of the walls of the room, in particular the caissons.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, après un premier creusement partiel de l'excavation précitée, on pose un cadre support sur les bords de ladite excavation partielle, on installe une première série de panneaux de blindage dans ladite excavation partielle contre les parements de terre de ladite excavation; on installe une deuxième série de panneaux de blindage dans ladite excavation au-dessous de ladite première série de panneaux ; on fixe lesdits panneaux entre eux, auxdits panneaux supérieurs et audit cadre support ; ces opérations étant répétées pour autant de séries de panneaux que cela est nécessaire selon la profondeur de ladite excavation souhaitée.According to another characteristic of the invention, after a first partial digging of the above-mentioned excavation, a support frame is placed on the edges of said partial excavation, a first series of shielding panels is installed in said partial excavation against the facing of soil of said excavation; installing a second series of shielding panels in said excavation below said first series of panels; said panels are fixed to each other, to said upper panels and to said support frame; these operations being repeated for as many series of panels as necessary according to the depth of said desired excavation.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la première série de panneaux précitée est constituée par des dièdres préfabriqués immobilisés en position dans les angles de l'excavation partielle précitée de forme notamment parallèlépipèdique rectangulaire.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the first series of aforementioned panels is constituted by prefabricated dihedrons immobilized in position in the corners of the aforementioned partial excavation of in particular rectangular parallelepiped shape.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la fixation des dièdres adjacents précités est réalisée grâce à des barres, notamment métalliques et creuses, de section carrée ou rectangulaire.According to another characteristic of the invention, the above-mentioned adjacent dihedrons are fixed using bars, in particular metallic and hollow, of square or rectangular section.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on maintient un espace libre entre les dièdres adjacents précités et éventuellement un espace libre entre le bord inférieur desdits dièdres et le fond de l'excavation partielle précitée.According to another characteristic of the invention, a free space is maintained between the abovementioned adjacent dihedrons and possibly a free space between the lower edge of said dihedrons and the bottom of the abovementioned partial excavation.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la fixation des dièdres précités au cadre support précité est réalisée grâce à des tiges filetées ou analogues, traversant les panneaux constituant lesdits dièdres et boulonnées, d'une part au cadre support précité et d'autre part à la face inférieure de barres, notamment métalliques et de section sensiblement en H où viennent s'encastrer les bords inférieurs desdits dièdres adjacents.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the fixing of the aforesaid dihedrons to the aforementioned support frame is carried out by means of threaded rods or the like, passing through the panels constituting said dihedral and bolted, on the one hand to the aforementioned support frame and on the other part to the underside of bars, in particular of metal and of substantially H section where the lower edges of said adjacent dihedrons are fitted.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'immobilisation des dièdres précités dans les angles de l'excavation partielle précitée est obtenue par descente de tubes ronds dans les tubes carrés solidarisant les deux panneaux constituant lesdits dièdres.According to another characteristic of the invention, the immobilization of the aforesaid dihedrons in the corners of the aforementioned partial excavation is obtained by lowering round tubes into the square tubes joining the two panels constituting said dihedral.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'immobilisation dans les angles de l'excavation précitée des panneaux des séries inférieures précitées est obtenue par descente des tubes ronds précités dans les tubes carrés formés par deux portions de tube carré fixées sur un côté d'un panneau et espacées de façon à ce qu'une portion de tube carré correspondante fixée sur le côté correspondant d'un panneau adjacent et perpendiculaire au précédent vienne se loger dans l'espace ainsi défini pour former ledit tube carré, sur toute la longueur des côtés correspondants desdits panneaux, tube carré adapté pour recevoir ledit tube rond.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the immobilization in the corners of the aforementioned excavation of the panels of the aforementioned lower series is obtained by lowering the aforementioned round tubes into the square tubes formed by two portions of square tube fixed on one side of a panel and spaced so that a corresponding portion of square tube fixed on the corresponding side of an adjacent panel and perpendicular to the previous comes to be housed in the space thus defined to form said square tube, over the entire length of the corresponding sides of said panels, square tube adapted to receive said round tube.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on relie les panneaux adjacents précités des séries inférieures précitées, entre eux et aux dièdres précités, le long des parois de l'excavation précitée, grâce aux barres, notamment métalliques et de section sensiblement en H, précitées, en maintenant un espace libre entre deux panneaux adjacents, et éventuellement un espacement entre le bord inférieur desdits panneaux et le fond de l'excavation.According to another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned adjacent panels of the aforementioned lower series are connected together and to the aforementioned dihedrons, along the walls of the aforementioned excavation, by means of the bars, in particular metallic and of section substantially in H, above, maintaining a free space between two adjacent panels, and possibly a spacing between the lower edge of said panels and the bottom of the excavation.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on fixe les panneaux précités des séries inférieures précitées au cadre support précité et aux panneaux de la série supérieure précitée, par descente de tiges filetées dans les trous traversant lesdits panneaux prévus dans l'alignement de trous correspondants traversant lesdits panneaux supérieurs et la barre en H précitée, tiges filetées qui sont boulonnées, d'une part audit cadre support et d'autre part à la face inférieure d'une barre, notamment métallique en U, dans laquelle vient s'encastrer le bord inférieur de deux desdits panneaux adjacents.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned panels of the aforementioned lower series are fixed to the aforementioned support frame and to the panels of the aforementioned upper series, by descent of threaded rods in the holes passing through said panels provided in the alignment of holes correspondents passing through said upper panels and the aforementioned H-bar, threaded rods which are bolted, on the one hand to said support frame and on the other hand to the underside of a bar, in particular metal in U shape, in which is fitted the lower edge of two of said adjacent panels.

La présente invention concerne également le local enterré, tel que notamment une cave; réalisé par mise en oeuvre du procédé ci-dessus. Le local enterré est du type comportant un plancher, un plafond et des parois latérales constituées notamment de l'empilement de caissons, notamment préfabriqués en béton, l'ensemble étant logé dans une excavation creusée sous la dalle de plancher d'une construction, ladite excavation étant tapissée d'une enveloppe étanche et pourvue d'un radier, notamment à base de sable, et est caractérisé en ce que lesdits caissons jouent le rôle de murs de soutènement pour contenir la poussée des terres en prenant appui, par leurs bords verticaux, contre des poteaux ou montants, notamment en béton armé, s'étendant dudit plancher au niveau dudit plafond, les bords ayant une forme conjuguée à celle des poteaux.The present invention also relates to buried premises, such as in particular a cellar; carried out by implementing the above method. The buried room is of the type comprising a floor, a ceiling and side walls consisting in particular of the stack of caissons, in particular prefabricated in concrete, the whole being housed in an excavation dug under the floor slab of a construction, said excavation being lined with a waterproof envelope and provided with a raft, in particular based on sand, and is characterized in that said caissons act as retaining walls to contain the thrust of the earth by taking support, by their vertical edges , against posts or uprights, in particular in reinforced concrete, extending from said floor to said ceiling, the edges having a shape conjugated to that of the posts.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le plancher précité est constitué de poutres parallèles espacées, notamment en béton armé, sur lesquelles reposent des dalles, notamment préfabriquées en béton, jointivement juxtaposées. De même, le plafond précité est constitué de poutres parallèles espacées, notamment en béton armé, chacune reposant sur deux poteaux précités opposés et sur lesquelles reposent des dalles, notamment préfabriquées en béton, de préférence amovibles, et jointivement juxtaposées.According to another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned floor consists of spaced parallel beams, in particular in reinforced concrete, on which rest slabs, in particular prefabricated in concrete, joined juxtaposed. Likewise, the aforementioned ceiling consists of spaced parallel beams, in particular in reinforced concrete, each resting on two aforementioned opposite posts and on which rest slabs, in particular prefabricated concrete, preferably removable, and joined juxtaposed.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les rebords des dalles précitées sont de forme conjuguée à celle des poutres précitées ; poteaux et poutres précités ayant notamment un profil en té.According to another characteristic of the invention, the edges of the aforementioned slabs are of shape combined with that of the aforementioned beams; aforementioned posts and beams having in particular a tee profile.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les caissons précités de forme sensiblement parallèlépipèdique sont ouvert, entièrement ou partiellement, sur leur face supérieure ou de fond, et latérale verticale interne ; les bords verticaux des parois de deux caissons adjacents formant une rainure dans Laquelle vient se loger la partie formant tenon des poteaux précites.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned boxes of substantially parallelepiped shape are open, entirely or partially, on their upper face or bottom, and internal vertical side; the vertical edges of the walls of two adjacent boxes forming a groove in which is housed the tenon portion of the aforementioned posts.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le local précité, peut être agrandi, parallèlement aux poutres horizontales longitudinales soutenant les dalles du plafond en rajoutant au moins une poutrelle horizontale transversale, par exemple en béton armé, à l'extrémité desdites poutres longitudinales et en prolongeant lesdites poutres longitudinales par des poutres longitudinales supplémentaires. De même, le local peut être agrandi, perpendiculairement aux poutres longitudinales précitées en rajoutant des poutres longitudinales supplémentaires parallèles aux premières poutres longitudinales.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned room, can be enlarged, parallel to the longitudinal horizontal beams supporting the ceiling tiles by adding at least one transverse horizontal beam, for example of reinforced concrete, at the end of said longitudinal beams and extending said longitudinal beams with additional longitudinal beams. Similarly, the room can be enlarged, perpendicular to the aforementioned longitudinal beams by adding additional longitudinal beams parallel to the first longitudinal beams.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, au moins une paroi du local précité est constituée par des panneaux ou plaques tandis que les parois restantes sont formées par les caissons précités. En outre, au moins une partie d'une paroi du local précité, peut être constituée d'éléments empilés ouverts à leur fond, leur face de dessus, et leur face tournée vers l'intérieur dudit local.According to another characteristic of the invention, at least one wall of the aforementioned room is formed by panels or plates while the remaining walls are formed by the aforementioned boxes. In addition, at least part of a wall of the aforementioned room, may consist of stacked elements open at their bottom, their top side, and their side facing the inside of said room.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts, détails et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lumière de la description explicative qui va suivre faite en se référant aux dessins schématiques annexés illustrant un mode de réalisation actuellement préféré de l'invention, et dans lesquels:

  • La Figure 1 est une vue en perspective avec arrachement d'un local enterré selon l'invention;
  • La figure 2 est une vue de dessus en coupe selon la ligne II-II de la figure 3;
  • La figure 3 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne III-111 de la figure 2; et
  • La figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne IV-IV de la figure 2;
  • La figure 5 est une vue partielle en perspective du dispositif de blindage selon l'invention;
  • La figure 6 est une vue de dessus du cadre support selon l'invention;
  • La figure 7 est une vue de dessus d'un panneau dièdre supérieur de blindage selon l'invention;
  • La figure 8 est une vue selon la flèche VIII de la figure 7;
  • La figure 9 est une vue de face de panneaux inférieurs de blindage selon l'invention;
  • La figure 10 est une vue de dessus de la ceinture de maintien des poteaux ou montants, selon l'invention;
  • La figure 11 est une vue de dessus d'un local enterré selon l'invention;
  • La figure 12 est une vue partielle en perspective d'éléments de structure du local selon l'invention;
  • La figure 13 est une vue en perspective d'un élément de structure des parois du local selon l'invention; et
  • La figure 14 est une vue partielle en perspective du local selon l'invention, en cours d'aménagement.
The invention will be better understood and other objects, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to the appended schematic drawings illustrating a currently preferred embodiment of the invention. invention, and in which:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view with cutaway of a buried room according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a top view in section along the line II-II of Figure 3;
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view along line III-111 of Figure 2; and
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view along the line IV-IV of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a partial perspective view of the shielding device according to the invention;
  • Figure 6 is a top view of the support frame according to the invention;
  • Figure 7 is a top view of an upper dihedral shielding panel according to the invention;
  • Figure 8 is a view along arrow VIII of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a front view of lower armor panels according to the invention;
  • Figure 10 is a top view of the post or post retaining belt according to the invention;
  • Figure 11 is a top view of a buried room according to the invention;
  • Figure 12 is a partial perspective view of structural elements of the room according to the invention;
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of a structural element of the walls of the room according to the invention; and
  • Figure 14 is a partial perspective view of the room according to the invention, under development.

Le local enterré 1, tel que notamment une cave, comporte un plancher 2, un plafond 3 et des parois latérales 4,5,6, et 7, constituées notamment de l'empilement de caissons 8, notamment préfabriqués en béton, et servant de casiers de rangement. L'ensemble est logé dans une excavation 9 creusée sous la dalle 10 de plancher d'une construction (non représentée), ladite excavation étant tapissée d'une enveloppe 11 étanche, et pourvue d'un radier 12 notamment à base de sable.The buried room 1, such as in particular a cellar, has a floor 2, a ceiling 3 and side walls 4,5,6, and 7, consisting in particular of the stack of boxes 8, in particular prefabricated in concrete, and serving as storage lockers. The assembly is housed in an excavation 9 dug under the floor slab 10 of a construction (not shown), said excavation being lined with a waterproof envelope 11, and provided with a raft 12, in particular based on sand.

Selon l'invention, les éléments de structure des parois, notamment les caissons 8 jouent le rôle de murs de soutènement pour contenir la poussée des terres en prenant appui contre les poteaux ou montants 13, notamment en béton armé, s'étendant du plancher 2 au niveau du plafond 3; la fixation et le maintien en place desdits poteaux étant assurés par tout moyen approprié.According to the invention, the structural elements of the walls, in particular the boxes 8 play the role of retaining walls to contain the thrust of the earth by bearing against the posts or uprights 13, in particular of reinforced concrete, extending from the floor 2 at ceiling level 3; the fixing and holding in place of said posts being ensured by any appropriate means.

Le plancher 2 est constitué de poutres 14 parallèles espacées, notamment en béton armé, sur lesquelles reposent des dalles 15, notament préfabriquées en béton, et jointivement juxtaposées. En outre, le plafond 3 est constitué de poutres 16 parallèles espacées, notamment en béton armé, chacune reposant sur deux poteaux 13 opposés, et y étant fixées par tout moyen approprié. Sur les poutres 16 et les traverses d'extrémité 21 reposent des dalles 17, notamment préfabriquées en béton, de préférence amovibles, et jointivement juxtaposées.The floor 2 consists of spaced parallel beams 14, in particular in reinforced concrete, on which rest slabs 15, in particular prefabricated in concrete, and joined juxtaposed. In addition, the ceiling 3 consists of spaced parallel beams 16, in particular of reinforced concrete, each resting on two opposite posts 13, and being fixed thereto by any appropriate means. On the beams 16 and the end crosspieces 21 rest slabs 17, in particular prefabricated concrete, preferably removable, and joined juxtaposed.

Les rebords 15', 17' des dalles 15,17 sont notamment de forme conjuguée a celle des poutres 14, 16; poteaux 13 et poutres 14, 16 ayant par exemple un profil en té. Dans ce cas, les rebords 15', 17' des dalles 15,17 comprennent un épaulement par lequel lesdites dalles reposent sur les ailes 14', 16' des poutres 14, 16.The flanges 15 ′, 17 ′ of the slabs 15, 17 are in particular of shape combined with that of the beams 14, 16; posts 13 and beams 14, 16 having for example a tee profile. In this case, the flanges 15 ′, 17 ′ of the slabs 15, 17 comprise a shoulder by which said slabs rest on the wings 14 ′, 16 ′ of the beams 14, 16.

Les caissons 8, notamment de forme sensiblement parallèlépipèdique, sont ouverts, entièrement ou partiellement, sur leurs faces supérieure ou de fond, et latérale verticale interne; c'est-à-dire la face s'ouvrant sur l'espace libre interne du local. En particulier, les bords verticaux 18 des parois des caissons 8 prenant appui contre les poteaux 13 ont une forme conjuguée à celle desdits poteaux. Ainsi, lesdits bords 18 de deux caissons adjacents peuvent former une rainure dans laquelle vient se loger la partie formant tenon 13' des poteaux 13.The boxes 8, in particular of substantially parallelepiped shape, are open, entirely or partially, on their upper or bottom faces, and internal vertical side; that is to say the face opening onto the internal free space of the room. In particular, the vertical edges 18 of the walls of the boxes 8 bearing against the posts 13 have a shape combined with that of said posts. Thus, said edges 18 of two adjacent boxes can form a groove in which is housed the tenon part 13 ′ of the posts 13.

Le local enterré ainsi défini est de forme générale prismatique, notamment cubique ou parallélépipèdique rectangulaire. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, et à titre d'exemple, le local de forme parallèlépipèdique rectangulaire est réalisé à partir de quatre types de caissons. Les caissons 8a, 8b les plus inférieurs formant le soubassement des parois du local sont dépourvus de paroi supérieure; les caissons 8a d'angle étant partiellement ouvert à leur face latérale verticale interne, tandis que les caissons 8b droits sont totalement ouverts à leur face latérale verticale interne. Les caissons d'angle 8c et droit 8d autres que ceux du soubassement sont dépourvus de fond, le rôle de fond, étant joué par la face supérieure du caisson immédiatement inférieur. De la même façon que pour les caissons formant le soubassement, les caissons 8c d'angle sont partiellement ouverts à leur face latérale verticale interne, tandis que les caissons 8d droits sont totalement ouverts à leur face latérale verticale interne. Il est bien évident que les parois latérales externes des caissons constituent les parois latérales du local.The buried room thus defined is of general prismatic shape, in particular cubic or rectangular parallelepiped. In the illustrated embodiment, and by way of example, the room of rectangular parallelepiped shape is produced from four types of boxes. The lower casings 8a, 8b forming the base of the walls of the room are devoid of an upper wall; the angle boxes 8a being partially open at their internal vertical lateral face, while the straight boxes 8b are completely open at their internal vertical side face. The angle boxes 8c and right 8d other than those of the base are devoid of bottom, the role of bottom, being played by the upper face of the box immediately below. In the same way as for the boxes forming the base, the corner boxes 8c are partially open at their internal vertical lateral face, while the straight boxes 8d are completely open at their internal vertical side face. It is obvious that the external side walls of the boxes constitute the side walls of the room.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, et à titre d'exemple, les grandes parois latérales du local sont constituées de six niveaux de caissons empilés, dont un de soubassement, chaque rangée étant constituée de deux caissons droits et de deux caissons d'angle, tandis que les petites parois latérales du local, sont bien sûr également constituées de six niveaux de caissons empilés, dont chacun comprend un caisson droit et deux caissons d'angle. Chaque niveau de caissons comprend ainsi dans l'exemple représenté, six caissons droits, quatre pour les deux grandes parois et deux pour les deux petites parois, et quatre caissons d'angle.In the illustrated embodiment, and by way of example, the large side walls of the room are made up of six levels of stacked boxes, one of which is a base, each row being made up of two straight boxes and two corner boxes, while the small side walls of the room, of course also consist of six levels of stacked boxes, each of which includes a straight box and two corner boxes. Each level of boxes thus comprises in the example shown, six straight boxes, four for the two large walls and two for the two small walls, and four corner boxes.

Les caissons 8 prennent appui contre les montants 13 notamment par les bords verticaux 18 des parois latérales verticales 8', 8" adjacentes aux caissons voisins. En particulier, par les caissons d'angle 8a, 8c, une de ces parois est constituée par la paroi 8" fermant partiellement leur face latérale verticale interne. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, trois montants 13 alignés sont prévus pour soutenir les grandes parois du local, tandis que deux montants 13 sont également prévus pour soutenir les petites parois dudit local. Lesdits montants définissent dans ce mode de réalisation un espace libre de forme parallélépipédique rectangulaire.The boxes 8 bear against the uprights 13 in particular by the vertical edges 18 of the vertical side walls 8 ′, 8 "adjacent to the neighboring boxes. In particular, by the angle boxes 8a, 8c, one of these walls is formed by the 8 "wall partially closing their internal vertical lateral face. In the illustrated embodiment, three aligned uprights 13 are provided to support the large walls of the room, while two uprights 13 are also provided to support the small walls of said room. Said uprights define in this embodiment a free space of rectangular parallelepiped shape.

En se référant en particulier aux figures 11 et 12, le local 1 peut être agrandi, parallèlement aux poutres 16 horizontales longitudinales soutenant les dalles du plafond en rajoutant au moins une poutrelle 142 horizontale transversale, par exemple en béton armé, à l'extrémité des poutres longitudinales 16 et en prolongeant lesdites poutres par des poutres longitudinales 16 supplémentaires. La poutrelle 142 peut être coulée sur place en réalisant un coffrage, les extrémités correspondantes des premières poutres 16 et des poutres supplémentaires étant noyées dans le béton. Selon la longueur totale du local souhaitée on peut éventuellement prévoir un poteau intermédiaire de soutien 145 placé notamment au niveau de la jonction des deux séries de poutres longitudinales.With particular reference to FIGS. 11 and 12, the room 1 can be enlarged, parallel to the longitudinal horizontal beams 16 supporting the ceiling tiles by adding at least one transverse horizontal beam 142, for example of reinforced concrete, at the end of the longitudinal beams 16 and by extending said beams with additional longitudinal beams 16. The beam 142 can be poured on site by making a formwork, the corresponding ends of the first beams 16 and additional beams being embedded in the concrete. Depending on the total length of the room desired, an intermediate support post 145 may optionally be provided, placed in particular at the junction of the two series of longitudinal beams.

De même, on peut agrandir le local 1, perpendiculairement aux poutres longitudinales 16, en rajoutant des poutres longitudinales 16 supplémentaires parallèlement aux première poutres longitudinales 16.Likewise, the room 1 can be enlarged, perpendicular to the longitudinal beams 16, by adding additional longitudinal beams 16 parallel to the first longitudinal beams 16.

En outre, au moins une paroi du local 1 peut être constituée par des panneaux ou plaques 143 tandis que les parois restantes sont formées par les caissons 8. De même, au moins une partie d'une paroi du local 1 peut être constituée d'éléments 144 (figure 13) ouverts à leur fond, leur face de dessus et leur face tournée vers l'intérieur du local 1.In addition, at least one wall of the room 1 can be formed by panels or plates 143 while the remaining walls are formed by the boxes 8. Likewise, at least part of a wall of the room 1 can be made of elements 144 (FIG. 13) open at their bottom, their top side and their side facing the interior of room 1.

Le dispositif amovible de blindage de l'excavation 9, selon l'invention, comprend un cadre support 101 installé sur le bords de l'excavation 9 et un certain nombre de séries de panneaux de blindage 102, 103 disposés le long des parois ou parements de terre 100 de l'excavation 9, et fixés, de manière démontable, au cadre support 101. Le nombre de séries de panneaux de blindage dépend bien sûr de la profondeur de l'excavation que l'on veut réaliser, ainsi que du dimensionnement desdits panneaux. Dans l'exemple représenté, en particulier sur la figure 5, on utilise deux séries de panneaux de blindage, chaque série étant constituée par huit panneaux ou demi-panneaux, c'est-à-dire deux panneaux pour chaque face de l'excavation. Ce nombre peut bien sûr être adapté selon les dimensions de l'excavation souhaitées, par exemple en rajoutant des panneaux entre les panneaux positionnés dans les angles de l'excavation.The removable shielding device of the excavation 9, according to the invention, comprises a support frame 101 installed on the edges of the excavation 9 and a certain number of series of shielding panels 102, 103 arranged along the walls or facings of earth 100 from the excavation 9, and removably attached to the support frame 101. The number of series of shielding panels of course depends on the depth of the excavation that is to be carried out, as well as the dimensioning of said panels. In the example shown, in particular in FIG. 5, two series of shielding panels are used, each series consisting of eight panels or half-panels, that is to say two panels for each face of the excavation . This number can of course be adapted according to the dimensions of the excavation desired, for example by adding panels between the panels positioned in the corners of the excavation.

En se référant en particulier à la figure 6, le cadre support 101, notamment rectangulaire, est constitué de deux paires de barres 129, notamment metalliques, parallèles et espacées, chaque paire de barres étant liées à l'autre paire par des barres 130, parallèles entre elles et sensiblement perpendiculaires auxdites paires de barres 129. L'espacement entre les paires de barres 129 et les barres 130 perpendiculaires auxdites paires est choisi en fonction des dimensions de l'ouverture de l'excavation 9 de façon que les parements de terre 100 de l'excavation soient dans le prolongement, d'une part, des faces internes 131 de la barre externe 129a desdites paires, et, d'autre part, des faces externes 130a des barres 130; les termes "externe" et "interne" devant être compris par rapport à l'excavation 9.With particular reference to FIG. 6, the support frame 101, in particular rectangular, is made up of two pairs of bars 129, in particular metallic, parallel and spaced, each pair of bars being linked to the other pair by bars 130, parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to said pairs of bars 129. The spacing between pairs of bars 129 and bars 130 perpendicular to said pairs is chosen according to the dimensions of the opening of the excavation 9 so that the earth facings 100 of the excavation are in the extension, on the one hand, of the internal faces 131 of the external bar 129a of said pairs, and, on the other hand, of the external faces 130a of bars 130; the terms "external" and "internal" to be understood in relation to excavation 9.

Les extrémités 132 des barres 130 viennent s'encastrer dans des pattes 133 support de section en U fixées, notamment soudées,aux faces internes 134 des barres internes 129b de chacune des paires de barres précitées; l'écartement entre les barres 129 étant maintenu par les portions 135 de tube carré sensiblement verticales situées dans le prolongement des angles 104 de l'excavation 9, et permettant la fixation des barres 129 entre elles.The ends 132 of the bars 130 come to be embedded in lugs 133 U-section support fixed, in particular welded, to the internal faces 134 of the internal bars 129b of each of the above-mentioned pairs of bars; the spacing between the bars 129 being maintained by the portions 135 of substantially vertical square tube situated in the extension of the angles 104 of the excavation 9, and allowing the fixing of the bars 129 between them.

En se référant plus particulièrement aux figures 7 et 8, la série de panneaux supérieurs 102 est constituée de dièdres formés de deux panneaux 108 sensiblement perpendiculaires solidarisés par un tube carré sensiblement vertical 112 adapté pour recevoir un tube rond 111 de positionnement des dièdres dans les angles 104 de l'excavation 9.Referring more particularly to FIGS. 7 and 8, the series of upper panels 102 consists of dihedrons formed by two substantially perpendicular panels 108 secured by a substantially vertical square tube 112 adapted to receive a round tube 111 for positioning the dihedrons in the corners 104 from excavation 9.

En se référant à la figure 5, une barre 105, notamment creuse et à section carré ou rectangulaire, est fixée, au cours de la mise en place du dispositif amovible de blindage, aux bords 136 supérieurs de deux panneaux 108 adjacents le long d'une paroi de l'excavation 9, notamment par des moyens de fixation 146; des butées 137 étant prévues pour maintenir un certain écartement entre les panneaux adjacents 108 de façon à tenir compte des contraintes résultant de la poussée des terres.Referring to FIG. 5, a bar 105, in particular hollow and of square or rectangular section, is fixed, during the installation of the removable shielding device, to the upper edges 136 of two adjacent panels 108 along a wall of the excavation 9, in particular by fixing means 146; stops 137 being provided to maintain a certain spacing between the adjacent panels 108 so as to take account of the stresses resulting from the thrust of the earth.

En se référant plus particulièrement à la figure 9, les séries de panneaux inférieurs 103 sont constituées par des panneaux plans possédant des moyens 138 de positionnement sensiblement à 90° l'un par rapport à l'autre. Ces moyens sont notamment constitués de deux portions 114 de tube carré fixées sur un côté 116a d'un panneau 103a et espacés de façon à ce qu'une portion de tube carré 115 correspondante fixée sur le côté 116b correspondant d'un panneau 103b adjacent et sensiblement perpendiculaire au précédent vienne se loger dans l'espace ainsi défini pour former un tube carré 113 sur toute la longueur des côtés 116a, 116b correspondants desdits panneaux, et adapté pour recevoir le tube rond 111.Referring more particularly to FIG. 9, the series of lower panels 103 are constituted by flat panels having means 138 for positioning substantially at 90 ° relative to one another. These means consist in particular of two portions 114 of square tube fixed on one side 116a of a panel 103a and spaced so that a corresponding portion of square tube 115 fixed on the corresponding side 116b of an adjacent panel 103b and substantially perpendicular to the previous one is housed in the space thus defined to form a square tube 113 over the entire length of the corresponding sides 116a, 116b of said panels, and adapted to receive the round tube 111.

En outre, les panneaux supérieurs 102 et inférieurs 103 comportent des trous traversants 120,119; 118, respectivement, pour le passage de tiges filetées 107, 117, respectivement, de fixation desdits panneaux 102, 103 au cadre support 101, notamment. Ces tiges filetées 107, 117 respectivement, sont munies d' écrous 107a, 117a de fixation au cadre 101, ainsi bien sûr que d'écrous prévus à leurs extrémités inférieures pour permettre la fixation des panneaux 102, 103 entre eux et au cadre support 101. Le cadre support 101 est muni, d'une part, entre les paires de barres parallèles 129 de plaques 147 percées pour le passage des tiges filetées 107,117 et, d'autre part, les barres parallèles 130 du cadre support 101 sont percées de trous 148 pour le passage d'autres tiges filetées 107, 117.In addition, the upper 102 and lower 103 panels have through holes 120,119; 118, respectively, for the passage of threaded rods 107, 117, respectively, for fixing said panels 102, 103 to the support frame 101, in particular. These threaded rods 107, 117 respectively, are provided with nuts 107a, 117a for fixing to the frame 101, as well as of nuts provided at their lower ends to allow the fixing of the panels 102, 103 between them and to the support frame 101 The support frame 101 is provided, on the one hand, between the pairs of parallel bars 129 of plates 147 pierced for the passage of the threaded rods 107, 117 and, on the other hand, the parallel bars 130 of the support frame 101 are pierced with holes 148 for the passage of other threaded rods 107, 117.

En se référant plus particulièrement à la figure 5, le dispositif amovible de blindage selon l'invention comprend également des profilés 110 de section sensiblement en H. Dans chacun de ces profilés seront encastrés, d'une part le bord inférieur 106 de deux panneaux 108 supérieurs adjacents le long d'un paroi de l'excavation 9 et, d'autre part, le bord supérieur 139 de deux panneaux 103 inférieurs adjacents le long d'une paroi de l'excavation 9, ce qui permet la fixation de deux panneaux 103 inférieurs entre eux, en maintenant un espace entre eux, notamment par l'intermédiaire de butées 140, et la fixation de ceux-ci aux panneaux 108 supérieurs correspondants; ledit profilé étant traversé de trous 141 correspondant aux trous traversants 120,119; 118 précités.Referring more particularly to FIG. 5, the removable shielding device according to the invention also comprises profiles 110 of section substantially in H. In each of these profiles will be embedded, on the one hand the lower edge 106 of two panels 108 adjacent upper along a wall of the excavation 9 and, on the other hand, the upper edge 139 of two adjacent lower panels 103 along a wall of the excavation 9, which allows the fixing of two lower panels 103 between them, maintaining a space between them, in particular by means of stops 140, and the fixing of these to the corresponding upper panels 108; said profile being traversed by holes 141 corresponding to the through holes 120,119; 118 cited above.

Le dispositif de blindage comprend également un certain nombre de profilés 121 de section sensiblement en U. Dans chacun de ces profilés, seront encastrés les bords inférieurs 122 de deux panneaux 103 inférieurs adjacents le long d'une paroi de l'excavation 9; les tiges filetées 117 étant boulonnées à la face inférieure desdits profilés 121 de façon à maintenir l'ensemble du dispositif de blindage, en particulier les panneaux inférieurs 103, au cadre support 101.The shielding device also comprises a certain number of sections 121 of substantially U-shaped section. In each of these sections, the lower edges 122 of two adjacent lower panels 103 will be embedded along a wall of the excavation 9; the threaded rods 117 being bolted to the underside of said profiles 121 so as to hold the entire shielding device, in particular the bottom panels 103, to the support frame 101.

Les panneaux 108,103 précités sont constitués notamment d'un corps en bois 149, en particuler en contreplaqué, éventuellement recouvert d'un revêtement 150 notamment métallique.The aforementioned panels 108, 103 consist in particular of a wooden body 149, in particular of plywood, possibly covered with a coating 150, in particular metallic.

On décrira ci-dessous en détail le procédé pour l'aménagement du local enterré 1, tel que notamment une cave, selon l'invention.The method for fitting out the buried room 1, such as in particular a cellar, according to the invention will be described below in detail.

Avant la réalisation du local 1 proprement dit, on blinde les parements de terre 100 de l'excavation 9, au fur et à mesure du creusement de celle-ci et en laissant découvert, dans le fond de l'excavation 9, un espace correspondant sensiblement à au moins la hauteur de la rangée inférieure des éléments de structure des parois du local, notamment les caissons 8.Before the local 1 itself is made, the earth siding 100 of the excavation 9 is shielded, as it is dug and leaving uncovered, in the bottom of the excavation 9, a corresponding space substantially at least the height of the lower row of structural elements of the walls of the room, in particular the boxes 8.

Après un premier creusement partiel de l'excavation 9, on pose un cadre support 101 sur les bords de l'excavation partielle; on installe une première série de panneaux 102 de blindage dans l'excavation partielle contre les parements de terre de l'excavation; on fixe les panneaux 102 entre eux et au cadre support 101 puis on continue de creuser partiellement l'excavation 9, on installe une deuxième série de panneaux 103 de blindage dans l'excavation au-dessous de la première série de panneaux 102 ; on fixe les panneaux 103 entre eux, aux panneaux supérieurs 102 et au cadre support 101; ces opérations étant répétées pour autant de séries de panneaux que cela est nécessaire selon la profondeur de l'excavation souhaitée.After a first partial digging of the excavation 9, a support frame 101 is placed on the edges of the partial excavation; installing a first series of shielding panels 102 in the partial excavation against the earth faces of the excavation; the panels 102 are fixed to each other and to the support frame 101 and then the excavation 9 is partially continued, a second series of shielding panels 103 is installed in the excavation below the first series of panels 102; the panels 103 are fixed together, to the upper panels 102 and to the support frame 101; these operations being repeated for as many series of panels as necessary according to the depth of the desired excavation.

La première série de panneaux 102, constituée par des dièdres notamment préfabriqués, est immobilisée en position dans les angles 104 de l'excavation partielle qui présente notamment une forme sensiblement parallèlépipèdique rectangulaire. La fixation des dièdres 102 adjacents est réalisée grâce aux barres 105, notamment métalliques et creuses de section carrée ou rectangulaire, par les moyens de fixation 146. On maintient un espace libre entre les dièdres 102 adjacents, et éventuellement un espace libre entre le bord inférieur 106 des dièdres 102 et le fond de l'excavation partielle. Pour fixer les dièdres 102 au cadre support 101, on utilise les tiges filetées 107 ou analogues traversant les panneaux 108, constituant les dièdres 102, par les trous 120 qui y sont prévus. Les tiges filetées 107 sont boulonnées, d'une part, au cadre support 101 grêce à des écrous ou analogues 107a, et, d'autre part, à la face inférieure 109 des barres 110, notamment métalliques et de section sensiblement en H où viennent s'encastrer les bords inférieurs 106 des dièdres adjacents 102.The first series of panels 102, constituted by dihedral in particular prefabricated, is immobilized in position in the angles 104 of the partial excavation which has in particular a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. The adjacent dihedrons 102 are fixed by means of the bars 105, in particular metallic and hollow of square or rectangular section, by the fixing means 146. A free space is maintained between the adjacent dihedrons 102, and possibly a free space between the lower edge 106 of the dihedrons 102 and the bottom of the partial excavation. To fix the dihedrons 102 to the support frame 101, use the threaded rods 107 or the like passing through the panels 108, constituting the dihedrons 102, through the holes 120 which are provided there. The threaded rods 107 are bolted, on the one hand, to the support frame 101 by means of nuts or the like 107a, and, on the other hand, to the lower face 109 of the bars 110, in particular of metal and of section substantially in H where come fit the lower edges 106 of the adjacent dihedrons 102.

L'immobilisation des dièdres 102 dans les angles 104 de l'excavation partielle est obtenue par descente des tubes ronds 111 dans les tubes carrés 112 solidarisant les deux panneaux 108 constituant lesdits dièdres.The immobilization of the dihedrons 102 in the angles 104 of the partial excavation is obtained by lowering the round tubes 111 in the square tubes 112 joining the two panels 108 constituting said dihedrons.

Ensuite, après un nouveau creusement partiel de l'excavation 9, on installe contre les parements de terre 100 de l'excavation les panneaux 103 de la série ou des séries inférieures.Then, after a new partial digging of the excavation 9, the panels 103 of the series or lower series are installed against the earth faces 100 of the excavation.

L'immobilisation dans les angles 104 de l'excavation partielle des panneaux 103 est obtenue par descente des tubes ronds 111 dans les tubes carrés 113 formés par la réunion des portions de tube 114 et 115 lors du positionnement sensiblement à 90° des panneaux 103 dans les angles de l'excavation.The immobilization in the angles 104 of the partial excavation of the panels 103 is obtained by lowering the round tubes 111 into the square tubes 113 formed by the meeting of the tube portions 114 and 115 during the positioning at substantially 90 ° of the panels 103 in the angles of the excavation.

On relie les panneaux 103 adjacents le long d'une paroi de l'excavation entre eux et aux diédres 102 grâce aux barres 110 de section sensiblement H en maintenant un espace libre entre deux panneaux 103 adjacents, et éventuellement un espacement entre le bord inférieur 122 desdits panneaux et le fond de l'excavation partielle.The adjacent panels 103 are connected along a wall of the excavation to each other and to the dihedra 102 by means of the bars 110 of substantially H section while maintaining a free space between two adjacent panels 103, and possibly a spacing between the lower edge 122 of said panels and the bottom of the partial excavation.

Puis, on fixe les panneaux 103 au cadre support et aux panneaux 102 de la série supérieure par descente des tiges filetées 117 dans les trous 118 traversant les panneaux 103 prévus dans l'alignement de trous 119 correspondants traversant les panneaux 108 supérieurs ainsi que les trous 141 correspondants prévus dans les barres 110. Les tiges filetées 117 sont boulonnées, d'une part au cadre support 101 notamment par des écrous 117a et, d'autre part, à la face inférieure des barres 121, notamment métalliques en U dans laquelle viennent s'encastrer les bords inférieurs 122 de deux panneaux 103 adajacents.Then, the panels 103 are fixed to the support frame and to the panels 102 of the upper series by lowering the threaded rods 117 into the holes 118 passing through the panels 103 provided in the alignment of corresponding holes 119 passing through the upper panels 108 as well as the holes 141 correspondents provided in the bars 110. The threaded rods 117 are bolted, on the one hand to the support frame 101 in particular by nuts 117a and, on the other hand, to the underside of the bars 121, in particular metal U-shaped in which come fit the lower edges 122 of two adjoining panels 103.

Il est bien évident que l'ordre de ces opérations peut être modifié pour tenir compte des différentes conditions de mise en oeuvre du procédé.It is obvious that the order of these operations can be modified to take account of the different conditions for implementing the method.

Une fois que le dispositif amovible de blindage selon l'invention a été installé conformément au procédé indiqué ci-dessus, et, après creusement jusqu'au fond de la fouille, on descend dans l'excavation 9 une poche ou enveloppe étanche 11 à l'état replié; puis on installe les poutrelles 14 et dallettes 15 du plancher 2; on coule un radier 12 périphérique support des éléments de structure des parois, notamment des cassiers 8, et on érige les poteaux ou montants 13, notament en béton armé, s'étendant du plancher 2 au niveau du plafond 3.Once the removable shielding device according to the invention has been installed in accordance with the method indicated above, and, after digging to the bottom of the excavation, a pocket or sealed envelope 11 is lowered into the excavation 9. 'folded state; then the beams 14 and slabs 15 of the floor 2 are installed; pouring a peripheral raft 12 supporting the structural elements of the walls, in particular of the cassiers 8, and erecting the posts or uprights 13, in particular in reinforced concrete, extending from the floor 2 to the level of the ceiling 3.

Puis, on installe une ceinture 123, notamment métallique, provisoire en tête des poteaux 13 pour les maintenir en position; ladite ceinture étant notamment fixée sur des douilles 127a filetées prévues en tête des poteaux 13.Then, a belt 123, in particular metallic, is installed provisionally at the top of the posts 13 to keep them in position; said belt being in particular fixed to threaded sockets 127a provided at the head of posts 13.

En se référant plus particulièrement à la figure 10, la ceinture 123 est constituée de deux éléments 124 dont la réunion forme un quadrilatère. La fixation de deux éléments 124 étant réalisée grâce à des cornières 125 dont une partie est soudée à l'un des éléments 124 tandis que l'autre partie est boulonnée en 126 à l'autre élément 124. Des moyens de fixation 127 sont prévus en correspondance avec les douilles 127a des poteaux 13. Des reforts 128 sont prévus aux quatre angles de la ceinture 123.Referring more particularly to FIG. 10, the belt 123 consists of two elements 124, the meeting of which forms a quadrilateral. The fixing of two elements 124 being carried out by angles 125 of which a part is welded to one of the elements 124 while the other part is bolted at 126 to the other element 124. Fixing means 127 are provided in correspondence with the sockets 127a of the posts 13. Reinforcements 128 are provided at the four corners of the belt 123.

On descend ensuite les premiers éléments de structure des parois du local 1, notamment une première rangée de casiers 8 qui verrouillent l'ensemble en pied en glissant les caissons 8 entre les poteaux 13 formant glissières de maintien et de guidage; puis on déplie l'enveloppe étanche 11 jusqu'au niveau supérieur desdits éléments ou casiers; en même temps que l'on élève un remblai, notamment en sable.The first structural elements are then lowered from the walls of the room 1, in particular a first row of racks 8 which lock the assembly at the bottom by sliding the boxes 8 between the posts 13 forming support and guide slides; then the waterproof envelope 11 is unfolded to the upper level of said elements or racks; at the same time as an embankment is raised, especially in sand.

On enlève ensuite les panneaux 103 inférieurs précités en déboulonnant les tiges filetées 117, en déclavetant les barres en U 121 et en soulevant les tubes ronds 111 dans les angles 104.The abovementioned lower panels 103 are then removed by unbolting the threaded rods 117, declawing the U-shaped bars 121 and lifting the round tubes 111 in the corners 104.

On installe ensuite les niveaux supérieurs successifs des éléments de structure ou casiers 8, en même temps que l'on déplie l'enveloppe étanche 11.The successive upper levels of the structural elements or racks 8 are then installed, at the same time as the waterproof envelope 11 is unfolded.

Une fois l'ensemble des éléments de structure des parois du local installé, on retire, en les soulevant, les panneaux dièdres 102 et le cadre support 101; puis, après coulage du chainage en béton armé reliant le poteaux on retire la ceinture provisoire 123 de maintien des poteaux 13.Once all the structural elements of the walls of the room have been installed, the dihedral panels 102 and the support frame 101 are removed by lifting them; then, after pouring the reinforced concrete chaining connecting the posts, the provisional belt 123 for holding the posts 13 is removed.

Puis, on pose les poutres 16 du plafond 3, chacune reposant sur deux poteaux 13 précités opposés. Après fixation desdites poutres, on pose sur celles-ci des dalles 17, notamment préfabriquées en béton, de préférence amovibles et jointivement juxtaposées. On installe également un escalier 19, notamment préfabriqué en tôle, le long d'une paroi, celui-ci comprenant notamment deux limons latéraux 20, 20' ou un seul limon central.Then, the beams 16 of the ceiling 3 are placed, each resting on two opposite poles 13 above. After fixing said beams, there are laid on these slabs 17, in particular prefabricated concrete, preferably removable and contiguously juxtaposed. A staircase 19, in particular a sheet metal staircase, is also installed along a wall, the latter notably comprising two lateral stringers 20, 20 ′ or a single central stringer.

Claims (43)

1. Process for the arrangement of an underground room, such as notably a cellar, under a structure comprising a floor slab (10), notably of concrete, by which it rests on the ground, process of the kind comprising the steps of cutting out in the said slab (10) an opening through which an excavation (9) is dug; fitting a fluid-tight enclosure or pocket (11) which lines the said excavation (9); carrying out a bed (12) notably based on sand, and a floor (2), lateral walls (4-7) made up of stacked prefabricated box-sections (8), notably of concrete, and forming storage bins, and a ceiling (3), characterized in that after the floor (2) is carried out, posts or columns (13) are erected, notably of reinforced concrete, which extend from the floor (2) to the level of the ceiling (3), sliding the said bins (8) between the said columns (13) which constitute holding and sliding guides, by stacking them up, and carrying out the ceiling (3).
2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that, to carry out the floor (2), spaced parallel beams (14) are arranged, on which rest slabs (15), notably prefabricated from concrete, juxtaposed in mutual contact are laid.
3. Process according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that ceiling beams (16), each one resting upon two aforesaid opposite columns (13) are laid, then rest slabs (17) notably prefabricated from concrete, preferably removable and juxtaposed in mutual contact are laid.
4. Process according to one of the claims 1-3, characterized in that stairs (19), notably prefabricated from sheet metal, are fitted along a wall of the room.
5. Process according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that before the aforesaid room (1) proper is carried out, the earth faces (100) of the excavation (9) are shielded as they are being dug and leaving uncovered, at the bottom of the said excavation (9), a space approximately corresponding to at least the height of the lower row of box sections (8).
6. Process according to claim 5, characterized in that, after a first partial digging of the aforesaid excavation (9), a supporting frame (101) is laid on the edges of the said excavation, a first series of shielding panels (102) is fitted in the said partial excavation against the aforesaid earth walls of the said excavation, the said panels (102) are fixed to one another and to the said supporting frame (101), a second series of shielding panels (103) is installed in the same excavation below the said first series of panels (102), the said panels (103) are attached to one another, to the said upper panel (102) and to the said supporting frame (101), these steps being repeated for as many panels as necessary according to the desired depth of the said excavation (9).
7. Process according to claim 6, characterized in that the aforesaid first panel series (102) is made up of prefabricated dihedral angle members secured in position in the angles (104) of the aforesaid partial excavation, notably parallelepipedic rectangular in shape.
8. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the fixing of the aforesaid adjacent dihedral angle members (102) is obtained by means of bars (105), notably of metal and hollow, of square or rectangular section.
9. Process according to claims 7 or 8, characterized in that a free space is left between the aforesaid adjacent dihedral angle members (102) and possibly a free space is left between the lower edge (106) of the said dihedral angle members (102) and the aforesaid bottom of the partial excavation.
10. Process according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the fixing of the aforesaid dihedral angle members (102) to the supporting frame (101) is achieved by means of threaded tie-rods (107) or the like, passing through the panels (108) constituting the said dihedral angle members (102) and bolted, on the one hand to the aforesaid supporting frame (101) and, on the other hand, to the lower face (102) of bars (110) notably of metal and of substantially H-shaped section, fit into the lower edges (106) of the said adjacent dihedral angle members (102).
11. Process according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the securing of the aforesaid dihedral members (102) in the corners (104) of the aforesaid partial excavation is obtained by letting down the round tubes (111) through the square tubes (112) interconnecting the two aforesaid panels (108) constituting the said dihedral angle members (102).
12. Process according to one of claims 6-12, characterized in that the securing in corners (104) of panels (103) of the aforesaid lower series is obtained by letting down the round tubes (111) through the square tubes (113), notably by the joining of portions (114) of a square tube (116) of a panel (104a) and so spaced that a corresponding square tube portion (115) secured to the corresponding side (116b) of an adjacent panel (103b) is accommodated into the space thus defined to form the square-tube (113) over the whole length of the corresponding sides (116a) and (116b) of the said panels (103a, 103b), which square tube is adapted to receive the aforesaid round tube (111).
13. Process according to claim 12, characterized in that the aforesaid adjacent panels (103) of the aforesaid lower series are connected to one another and to the aforesaid dihedral angle members (102) along the walls of the aforesaid excavation by means of the aforesaid bars (110), notably of metal and of substantially H-shaped cross-section by leaving a free space between the adjacent panels (103), and possibly a spacing between the lower edge (122) of the said panels and the bottom of the excavation.
14. Process according to claim 12,13, characterized in that the aforesaid panels (103) of the aforesaid lower series are fixed to the aforesaid supporting frame (101) and to the panels (102) of the aforesaid upper series by descending threaded holes (117) through the holes (118) traversing the said panels (103) provided in alignment with corresponding holes (119) extending through the said upper panels (102) and the aforesaid H-shaped bar; threaded tie-rods (117) which are bolted, on the one hand to the said supporting frame (101) and, on the other hand, to the lower face of a bar (121), notably of metal and U-shaped, into which are fitted the lower edge (122) of the two adjacent panels (103).
15. Process according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that after digging to the bottom of the pit, the fluid-tight enclosure (11) in the folded state is lowered into the excavation (9).
16. Process according to claim 15, characterized in that a temporary holding frame (123), notably of metal, is placed at the top of the aforesaid columns (13) to hold them in position, the said holding frame being notably fixed on sleeves (127a) provided at the top of the said columns (13).
17. Process according to claim 16, characterized in that the first box-sections (8) locking the whole assembly at its bottom are lowered, then the aforesaid fluid-tight enclosure (11) is unfolded up to the upper level of the said box-sections (8).
18. Process according to claim 17, characterized in that the aforesaid lower panels (103) are removed by unbolting the threaded tie-rods (117), unkeying the aforesaid U-shaped bars (121) and raising the round tubes (111) in the corners (104) of the excavation (9).
19. Process according to claim 18, characterized in that the successive upper levels of the aforesaid box-sections (8) are installed at the same time as the aforesaid fluid-tight enclosure (11) is unfolded.
20. Process according to claim 19, characterized in that the whole assembly made up of the aforesaid dihedral angle panels (102) and the aforesaid supporting frame (101) are removed once all the said box-sections (8) are installed.
21. Process according to claim 20, characterized in that the aforesaid temporary frame (123) for holding the column (13) is withdrawn.
22. Underground room, such as notably a cellar, obtained by implementing the process defined in claims 1 to 21 and of the kind comprising a floor (2), a ceiling (3) and lateral walls (4-7) notably formed by stacked box-sections (8), notably prefabricated from concrete, the whole assembly being accommodated in an excavation (9) dug under the floor slab (2) of a structure, the said excavation (9) being lined with a fluid-tight enclosure and provided with a bed of sand (12), characterized in that the said box-sections (8) act as shouldering walls to withstand the earth pressure by bearing, through their vertical edges (18), against posts or columns (13), notably of reinforced concrete, extending from the said floor (2) to the level of the said ceiling (3), the edges (18) having a shape matched with the one of the said columns.
23. Room according to claim 22, characterized in that the aforesaid floor (2) is constituted of parallel spaced beams (14), notably of reinforced concrete, on which rest slabs (15), notably prefabricated from concrete, juxtaposed in mutual contact.
24. Room according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the aforesaid ceiling (3) is constituted of spaced parallel beams (16), notably of reinforced concrete, each one resting upon two aforesaid opposite posts (13) and on which rest slabs (17) notably prefabricated from concrete, preferably removable and juxtaposed in mutual contact.
25. Room according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the edges (15', 17') of the aforesaid rest slabs (15,17) are of a shape corresponding to the one of the aforesaid beams (14, 16).
26. Room according to one of claims 22-25, characterized in that the aforesaid posts (13) and beams (14, 16) are T-shaped in cross-section.
27. Room according to one of claims 22-26, characterized in that the aforesaid box-sections (8), notably substantially parallelepipedic in shape, are open, either entirely or partially, on their upper or bottom faces and their inner vertical lateral faces.
28. Room according to one of the claims 22-27, characterized in that the vertical edges (18) of a same level form a slot in which is accommodated the portion of the aforesaid posts (13) which forms a tenon (13').
29. Room according to one of claims 22-28, characterized in that its shape is generally prismatic, notably cubic or rectangular parallelepipedic.
30. Room according to one of claims 22-29, characterized in that the said room (1) is enlarged in a parallel direction to the longitudinal horizontal beams (16) supporting the ceiling slabs by adding at least one transverse horizontal joist (142), e.g. of reinforced concrete, at the end of said longitudinal beams (16) and by extending the said beams with additional longitudinal beams (16).
31. Room according to one of claims 22-30, characterized in that it is enlarged in a perpendicular direction to the longitudinal beams (16) by adding longitudinal beams (16) parallel to the said first longitudinal beams (16).
32. Room according to one of claims 22-31, characterized in that at least a portion of the walls of the said room (1) is constituted by panels or plates (143), while the remaining walls are formed by the aforesaid box-sections (8).
33. Room according to one of claims 22-32, characterized in that at least a portion of the said room (1) is constituted by stacked members (144) open at their bottom, their top face and their face turned towards the interior of the said room (1).
34. Room according to one of claims 22-29, characterized in that it comprises a removable shielding device installed as the excavation (9) is being dug and comprising a supporting frame (101) fitted on the edges of the said excavation (9) and a certain number of series of shielding panels (102,103) arranged along earth faces (100) of the said excavation (9) and removably fixed to the supporting frame (101).
35. Room according to claim 34, characterized in that the aforesaid supporting frame (101), notably rectangular in shape, is made up of two pairs of spaced parallel bars (129), notably of metal, parallel and spaced, each bar being connected to the other pair by two bars (130) parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular the said pairs of bars, the spacing between said pairs of bars (129) and the said bars (130) being selected according to the dimensions of the opening of the excavation (9) so that the earth faces (100) of the excavation extend in prolongation, on the one hand of the internal faces (131) of the external bar (129a) of the said pairs of bars (129) and, on the other hand, of the external faces (130a) of the bars (130).
36. Room according to claim 35, characterized in that the ends (132) of the aforesaid bars (130) are fitted into supporting lugs (133) of U-shaped cross-section secured, notably welded, to the internal faces (134) of the internal bars (129b) of each of the said pairs of bars, the spacing and fastening between the bars (129) of each of the aforesaid pairs of bars being maintained by substantially vertical square tube portions (135) located in the prolongation of the angles (104) of the excavation (9).
37. Room according to one of the claims 34 to 36, characterized in that the series of aforesaid upper panels (102) is constituted by dihedral angle members formed by two substantially perpendicular panels (108) secured to one another by a substantially vertical square tube (112) adapted to receive a round tube (111) for positioning the dihedral angle members in the corners (104) of the excavation (9).
38. Room according to claim 37, characterized in that a bar (105) notably hollow and square or rectangular in cross-section, is secured to the upper edges (136) of two aforesaid adjacent panels (108) along a wall of the aforesaid excavation, abutments (137) being provided to maintain the spacing between the said adjacent panels.
39. Room according to one of claims 34-38, characterized in that, the series of aforesaid lower panels (103) are constituted by flat panels having positioning means (138) substantially at 90° with respect to one another, notably constituted by two square-tube portions (114) secured on one side (116b) of a panel (103a) and so spaced that a corresponding square-tube portion (115) secured on the corresponding side (116b) of an adjacent panel (103b) and substantially perpendicular to the previous one is accommodated in the space thus defined to form a square-tube (113) over the whole length of the corresponding sides (116a, 116b) of the said panels, adapted to receive the aforesaid round tube (111).
40. Room according to claim 39, characterized in that the aforesaid upper and lower panels (102) and (103) are provided with through holes (120, 119; 118) respectively, for the passage of threaded tie-rods (107,117) respectively, for fastening the said panels (102,103) to the aforesaid supporting frame (101).
41. Room according to one of claims 37-40, characterized by a substantially H-shaped section (110) in which are fitted, on the one hand, the lower edge (106) of the two aforesaid upper panels (108) along a wall of the excavation (9) and, on the other hand, the upper edge (139) of two lower adjacent panels (103) along a wall of the excavation (9), thus allowing to secure two lower panels (103) to one another while maintaining a space therebetween and their securing to the corresponding upper panels (108), the said section being traversed by holes (141) corresponding to the aforesaid through holes (120,119; 118), the spacing between the two said lower adjacent panels (103) being maintained by abutments (140).
42. Room according to one of claims 37-41, characterized by a substantially U-shaped section (121) in which are fitted the lower edges (122) of two aforesaid adjacent lower panels (103) along a wall of the aforesaid excavation (9).
43. Room according to one of claims 34-42, characterized in that the aforesaid panels (108, 103) are constituted of a wooden body (149), notably of plywood, covered with a lining (150), notably of metal.
EP19830400666 1982-04-27 1983-03-30 Sublevel space, in particular a cellar and method of creating the same Expired EP0093030B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83400666T ATE25413T1 (en) 1982-04-27 1983-03-30 DEEP SPACE, ESPECIALLY A BASEMENT AND FURNISHING PROCEDURE OF THE SAME.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8207292A FR2525663A1 (en) 1982-04-27 1982-04-27 LOCAL BURNER, AS IN PARTICULAR A CELLAR, AND METHOD FOR THE DEVELOPMENT THEREOF
FR8207292 1982-04-27
FR8300104 1983-01-05
FR8300104A FR2538833B2 (en) 1982-04-27 1983-01-05 UNDERGROUND LOCAL, SUCH AS A CELLAR, METHOD FOR FURNISHING SAME AND REMOVABLE ARMORING DEVICE USED FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0093030A1 EP0093030A1 (en) 1983-11-02
EP0093030B1 true EP0093030B1 (en) 1987-02-04

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19830400666 Expired EP0093030B1 (en) 1982-04-27 1983-03-30 Sublevel space, in particular a cellar and method of creating the same

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EP (1) EP0093030B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3369716D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2538833B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2573788B1 (en) * 1984-11-29 1987-01-09 Salomon Valerie PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A WATERTIGHT CELLAR AND CELLAR OBTAINED BY IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS
FR2574443A1 (en) * 1984-12-10 1986-06-13 Salomon Valerie Method for constructing a waterproof cellar and cellar obtained by the implementation of the method
FR2574445B1 (en) * 1984-12-10 1987-05-29 Fouchard Noel MODELS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTING UNDERGROUND PREMISES FOR CONSERVATION OF FOOD, STORAGE AND SECURITY OF GOODS AND SEDENTARY AND LEISURE ACTIVITIES
GB8527042D0 (en) * 1985-11-02 1985-12-04 Jones R S Underground structures
NL8503330A (en) * 1985-12-03 1987-07-01 Leo Franciscus Maria Van Dijk PREFAB CELLAR.
RU2443697C1 (en) 2010-12-21 2012-02-27 Александр Васильевич Иващенко Substituted methyl-amines, serotonin 5-ht6 receptor antagonists, methods of production and use
CN107964960B (en) * 2017-11-22 2023-04-18 山东电力建设第一工程公司 Municipal pipeline groove supporting structure and supporting method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1935704A (en) * 1932-06-03 1933-11-21 Samuel B Fields Shoring apparatus for graves and like excavations
CH342739A (en) * 1956-08-01 1959-11-30 Keller Josef Pit wall support device for excavating a grave
US3584465A (en) * 1969-11-17 1971-06-15 Edward J Holl Earth-shoring apparatus
US3750410A (en) * 1970-02-17 1973-08-07 H Converse Simple shoring to form ditches-canals-pillars and posts
FR2408534A1 (en) * 1977-11-10 1979-06-08 Harnois Georges DEVICE FOR STORING PRODUCTS PROTECTED FROM HEAT
DE3003790C2 (en) * 1980-02-02 1983-12-01 Gimmler, Luise Maria, 6618 Wadern-Bardenbach Basement made of prefabricated concrete blocks
DE3013637A1 (en) * 1980-04-09 1981-10-15 Paul 6580 Idar-Oberstein Becker Prefab. cellar wall element providing cold storage - is widened towards ground, across masonry, and can have insulating doorway

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3369716D1 (en) 1987-03-12
FR2538833B2 (en) 1986-04-25
FR2538833A2 (en) 1984-07-06
EP0093030A1 (en) 1983-11-02

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