EP0908665A2 - Gas container for measuring - Google Patents

Gas container for measuring Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0908665A2
EP0908665A2 EP98117220A EP98117220A EP0908665A2 EP 0908665 A2 EP0908665 A2 EP 0908665A2 EP 98117220 A EP98117220 A EP 98117220A EP 98117220 A EP98117220 A EP 98117220A EP 0908665 A2 EP0908665 A2 EP 0908665A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
pressure
pressurized gas
gas container
pressurized
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98117220A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0908665A3 (en
EP0908665B1 (en
Inventor
Johann Pongraz
Ulrich Klebe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH
Messer Group GmbH
Original Assignee
Messer Griesheim GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messer Griesheim GmbH filed Critical Messer Griesheim GmbH
Publication of EP0908665A2 publication Critical patent/EP0908665A2/en
Publication of EP0908665A3 publication Critical patent/EP0908665A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0908665B1 publication Critical patent/EP0908665B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/044—Methods for emptying or filling by purging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/045—Methods for emptying or filling by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0447—Composition; Humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0495—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location the indicated parameter is a converted measured parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/024—Improving metering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
    • F17C2265/025—Mixing fluids different fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a compressed gas container with one or more openings for connecting sensors.
  • the manometric method is based on measuring the change in pressure after adding the individual gas components.
  • the Gas components in succession up to a defined pressure in the Pressurized gas bottle filled the pressure increase during a filling step is at least several bars.
  • Gas mixtures with one component in the Trace areas are produced using mother mixtures which are used in the Pressurized gas cylinder submitted in excess pressure and with the main component up be filled up for final pressure.
  • the pressure measurement was previously carried out before Pressurized gas bottle in the gas pipeline. Due to pressure drops at Constrictions in the gas pipeline path, especially on the gas cylinder valve, can the measured pressure deviate significantly from the pressure in the gas bottle (when applying overpressure or underpressure). A precise one Pressure measurement during gas filling is therefore not with the desired reliability possible.
  • the invention has for its object requirements for an accurate Pressure measurement when filling gases in compressed gas containers and at Creating gas mixtures in pressurized gas containers.
  • the pressurized gas container is preferably a pressurized gas bottle, e.g. Legs Commercially available compressed gas bottle with 50, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 or 0.5 liters Bottle volume with one or more openings next to the opening for the cylinder valve is provided. The openings are used to hold z.
  • Pressurized gas containers according to the invention in particular pressurized gas bottles and Pressure cans are referred to below as measuring containers.
  • Pressurized gas cylinders are usually not added for safety reasons Provide openings (e.g. holes).
  • the modification of pressurized gas containers according to the invention taking safety precautions or Safety requirements are justifiable for measurement purposes.
  • High pressure area e.g. B. 10 to 350 bar, is the use of modified Compressed gas cylinders possible under appropriate safety precautions.
  • the measuring container is advantageous in the application (e.g. for pressure measurement) connected in parallel to other compressed gas tanks. It is particularly advantageous if the measuring container is made from a pressurized gas container that parallel connected compressed gas tanks. If the containers are identical the same conditions then prevail in the measuring container as in the Pressurized gas containers for gas filling. The measuring container is easily in one Filling level can be integrated.
  • the measuring container is suitable, for example, for measuring pressure and / or Temperature.
  • Temperature sensors e.g. thermocouples
  • the measuring container is suitable, for example, for measuring pressure and / or Temperature.
  • Openings can also be used for guest removal for analysis purposes, e.g. B. in connection with high pressure metering valves or shut-off valves. Based several openings, e.g. B. along the longitudinal axis of the pressurized gas container, the local gas composition can be determined, especially for testing the Homogeneity of gas mixtures or to determine gas stratification in the Gas mixture production.
  • the gas composition can be determined using gas samples taken or determined online. Analysis methods are e.g. B. Mass spectrometry or infrared spectroscopy, especially FT-IR spectroscopy.
  • the openings can also be used to hold probes for examining the Serve the inner surface of pressurized gas containers (e.g. endoscope; spectroscopic Surface investigations; Gas analysis using mass spectrometry). For example, adsorption and desorption processes for quality control are recorded (e.g. change in gas composition using mass spectrometry).
  • pressurized gas containers e.g. endoscope; spectroscopic Surface investigations; Gas analysis using mass spectrometry.
  • adsorption and desorption processes for quality control are recorded (e.g. change in gas composition using mass spectrometry).
  • the openings in the pressurized gas container wall are preferably threaded provided, e.g. B. Conical threads such as NPT 1/16 inch to NPT 1 ⁇ 4 inch. 1/16 and 1 ⁇ 4 Inch threads can e.g. B. at least 5 mm wall thickness. Threaded openings are particularly suitable for use in high pressure areas. Soldered or welded connections are generally used Low pressure range (e.g. for thin-walled containers such as pressure cells).
  • the measuring container can be used particularly advantageously for precise pressure measurement in manometric processes for the production of gas mixtures.
  • gas dosing with partial pressure measurement e.g. B. for pressures below 1000 mbar
  • the measuring container with pressure measuring device ensures exact and transferable measured values for the compressed gas containers during gas filling.
  • the partial pressure of the secondary component in the compressed gas containers can be precisely determined.
  • the vacuum measuring tubes are usually located relatively close to the filling stations in the suction area of the vacuum pumps. (Pressure gauges are usually located in the filling pipe system). The pressure in the compressed gas bottle is not measured with sufficient accuracy. This problem is solved with the measuring container connected in parallel to the filling compressed gas cylinders ( Dummy bottle ”) solved, which is preferably equipped with one or more gas-independent absolute pressure measuring tubes and thus reflects the real pressure in each compressed gas bottle.
  • the measuring container can either be shut off from the filling gas line or it can a shut-off valve between the measuring container and the measuring device which is closed as soon as the permissible measuring pressure range is exceeded It can be advantageous to use several measuring containers, eg a measuring container for measuring in the low pressure range and a measuring container in the medium and high pressure range.
  • the commonly used vacuum measuring tubes e.g. B. Thermovac, Pirani or Due to the measuring principle, Penning measuring tubes are strongly dependent on the type of gas Pressure measurement.
  • the pressure display in these measuring devices is not is linear.
  • measuring systems are preferred which allow an absolute pressure measurement independent of the gas type.
  • An absolute pressure measurement that is independent of the gas type can be used, for example Pressure measuring devices such as capacity gauges (e.g. device with the designation 600 Barocel® from Edwards, USA; Measuring ranges: 0-10, 0-100, 0-1000 mbar) respectively.
  • capacity gauges e.g. device with the designation 600 Barocel® from Edwards, USA; Measuring ranges: 0-10, 0-100, 0-1000 mbar
  • the inlet pressure directs a thin, membrane welded radially in the housing opposite a fixed electrode both electrodes form a capacitor. This leads to a Change in capacity after electronic signal processing via the control and Display electronics is directly proportional to the pressure.
  • As an output signal a linear DC voltage is supplied.
  • the reference electrode is in one Reference ultra-high vacuum space that is long-term stable thanks to chemical getters.
  • Gas-independent measuring tubes for capacitive measurement are for pressures of for example 0.0001 mbar to 1000 mbar available.
  • the measuring container advantageously contains an external connection Evacuation option for faster calibration of vacuum measuring tubes:
  • the Connection is for example attached to the side of a compressed gas bottle.
  • the use of the measuring container is advantageous for all manometric Process for the preparation of gas mixtures, in particular in the Pressure measurement in processes for the production of gas mixtures in Pressurized gas containers where, in at least one step, a pressure of a Gases is roughly specified (coarse pressure) and then a smaller more precise Pressure (fine pressure) in the compressed gas container with the help of a vacuum is set.
  • the fine pressure is, for example, in the range from 0.0001 to 1000 mbar 15 ° C.
  • the use of the measuring container is particularly advantageous during production a gas mixture with a main component and one Secondary component, which in a small concentration, for. B. in the trace area, is present.
  • the filling and metering takes place advantageous first with the gas component to be produced in the
  • the gas mixture is in the lowest concentration (secondary component) because the first dosing step in the process with the greatest accuracy can be executed.
  • the flushed, conditioned and evacuated compressed gas container is with the filled the first gas component.
  • the first gas component is filled initially up to a coarse print that is larger than the actual one Dosing pressure, through which the amount of the gas component is determined.
  • Coarse pressure is generally in the range of 0.1 to 10 bar, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 5 bar and particularly preferably in Range from 0.8 to 1.5 bar, depending on the fine pressure to be set.
  • Fine print and coarse print should be so far apart that one Dosing by means of vacuum can be carried out well. This is for example, if the fine pressure is about 10 percent below the Coarse pressure value. Especially if the fine impression is below 100 millibars, especially less than 10 millibars, the change is made Pressure when applying the vacuum slowly, so that the desired value of the fine impression can be set very precisely. At fine pressures above The setting of the fine pressure by throttling can be 10 millibars (Valve) in the vacuum line.
  • the dosage of more Gas components are carried out additively as in conventional manometric processes by filling up to a specified dosing pressure. Filling with the proportionately largest gas component (main component) is advantageous as last step carried out, this gas component is up to the last dosing pressure, that is the filling pressure of the pressure container with the finished one Gas mixture, filled up.
  • main component the proportionately largest gas component
  • this gas component is up to the last dosing pressure, that is the filling pressure of the pressure container with the finished one Gas mixture, filled up.
  • the measuring container allows small partial pressures due to the precise Pressure measurement also a direct gas metering (additive gas metering) in the Vacuum (i.e. at a pressure below one bar).
  • Conditioning and filling the compressed gas tank with the Gas components can be operated simultaneously with several pressurized gas containers (e.g. 1 to 100 pressurized gas containers) at the filling station.
  • pressurized gas containers e.g. 1 to 100 pressurized gas containers
  • On the stockpiling of mother mixtures as well as complex gravimetric dosing can be dispensed with, so that gas mixtures with gas components are lower Concentration can be made directly.
  • a compressed gas cylinder which has been thermally conditioned and filled with a preservation gas (e.g. nitrogen gas) at a pressure of up to 3 bar, is brought to an internal pressure of approximately atmospheric pressure by releasing gas.
  • the compressed gas bottle is then evacuated to a pressure of approximately 10 millibars using a vacuum pump (e.g. oil-free membrane pump). This corresponds to a pressure reduction of approx. 2 powers of ten.
  • the evacuated compressed gas bottle is flooded with the gas of the secondary component to be fed in to a pressure in the range from 800 to about 1000 millibars.
  • the evacuation and flooding with the gas of the secondary component is carried out twice, three times or more, depending on the purity requirement and the composition of the gas mixture.
  • the rinsing and the subsequent steps are preferably carried out at room temperature (20 to 25 ° C).
  • the compressed gas bottle is now filled with the gas of the secondary component at approximately atmospheric pressure and the inner surface is brought into equilibrium with the gas of the secondary component.
  • the compressed gas bottle is now conditioned.
  • the actual metering of the secondary component is carried out by evacuation (removal of gas) to the desired fine pressure, which corresponds to the partial pressure of the secondary component in the finished, compressed gas mixture.
  • the necessary pressure can be determined theoretically (e.g. using a gas equation such as the ideal gas law or using a calculation model) or empirically (e.g. using gas analyzes). If the fine pressure of the secondary component has been set, the metering of the secondary component is complete. In this way, secondary components such. B.
  • the main component of the gas mixture is now pressed onto the final pressure (filling pressure) in the compressed gas bottle, for example 200 bar. This can be done by means of a compressor or by connecting a storage tank of a gas supply (gas of the main component) with higher pressure (e.g. 350 bar).
  • the filling with the main component can also be checked gravimetrically.
  • the figure shows schematically a measuring container 1 with examples of Measuring devices 2 (2a, 2b, 2c and 2d: temperature sensor) and 3 (3a, 3b: gas line with shut-off valve and pressure gauge, e.g. B. manometer), gas sampling device 4 and connecting piece 7.
  • the measuring container is parallel to a second Pressurized gas container 5 (or further pressurized gas containers) arranged.
  • the Temperature sensors 2a to 2d are arranged for example in a row Measurement of the temperature profile along the measuring points.
  • the temperature measuring points can e.g. B. in the longitudinal direction (here vertically) of a gas cylinder or circular (horizontal here).
  • the pressure measuring devices 3a and 3b are advantageously provided with a shut-off valve.
  • the gas sampling point 4 is used for taking gas samples for analysis or for online connection of Analysis devices (e.g. mass spectrometer or IR spectrometer).
  • Analysis devices e.g. mass spectrometer or IR spectrometer.
  • Connection piece 7 is preferably used for separate evacuation of the measuring container for the calibration of vacuum measuring devices.
  • Measuring container 1 and compressed gas container 5 are connected via a line to a vacuum pump 6 (arrows show the direction of the Gas flow when applying vacuum) and / or a gas source 6 (z. B. compressor with storage gas containers).
  • Another object of the invention is a method for filling Pressurized gas containers with gas or the production of gas mixtures in Pressurized gas containers, whereby a physical or chemical examination by means of a measuring container.
  • Physical examinations are e.g. B. pressure or temperature measurement. Chemical tests are e.g. B. Analyzes to determine the Gas composition, which can include physical methods. As Chemical investigations are also analyzes using infrared spectroscopy or mass spectrometry viewed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Abstract

The measuring container is fitted parallel to a second gas pressure container (5). Temperature probes (2a-d) are fitted in a row to measure temperature profile along a measuring scale. Pressure measuring devices (3a,b) are fitted with a shutoff valve. A capacity manometer can be attached to measure vacuum. A gas withdrawal point (4) serves to let off gas for on-line mass spectrometry analysis.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Druckgasbehälter mit einer oder mehreren Öffnungen zum Anschluß von Meßfühlern.The invention relates to a compressed gas container with one or more openings for connecting sensors.

Gasgemische werden am häufigsten mittels des manometrischen Verfahrens hergestellt. Diese Verfahren wird in dem Sonderdruck 23/94 aus Berichte aus Technik und Wissenschaft 69/1993 "Prüfgase - Präzisionsgemische zum Kalibrieren von Meßgeräten" von Dr. K. Wilde und K. Studtrucker, Firma Linde - Technische Gase, beschrieben.Gas mixtures are most often made using the manometric method manufactured. This procedure is reported in reports 23/94 Technology and Science 69/1993 "Test Gases - Precision Mixtures for Calibration of measuring devices "by Dr. K. Wilde and K. Studtrucker, Firma Linde - technical gases, described.

Das manometrische Verfahren beruht auf der Messung der Druckänderung nach Zugabe der einzelnen Gaskomponenten. Um die gewünschte Zusammensetzung der Gasmischung zu erreichen, werden die Gaskomponenten nacheinander bis zu einem definierten Druck in die Druckgasflasche gefüllt, wobei die Druckerhöhung bei einem Füllschritt wenigstens mehrere bar beträgt. Gasgemische mit einer Komponente im Spurenbereich werden mittels Muttergemischen hergestellt, welche in der Druckgasflasche im Überdruck vorgelegt und mit der Hauptkomponente bis zum Endruck aufgefüllt werden. Die Druckmessung erfolgte bisher vor der Druckgasflasche im Gasleitungsweg. Aufgrund von Druckabfällen bei Verengungen im Gasleitungsweg, insbesondere am Gasflaschenventil, kann der gemessene Druck von dem Druck in der Gasflasche erheblich abweichen (bei Anlegen von einem Überdruck oder einem Unterdruck). Eine präzise Druckmessung während der Gasabfüllung ist daher nicht mit der gewünschten Zuverlässigkeit möglich. The manometric method is based on measuring the change in pressure after adding the individual gas components. To the one you want To achieve composition of the gas mixture, the Gas components in succession up to a defined pressure in the Pressurized gas bottle filled, the pressure increase during a filling step is at least several bars. Gas mixtures with one component in the Trace areas are produced using mother mixtures which are used in the Pressurized gas cylinder submitted in excess pressure and with the main component up be filled up for final pressure. The pressure measurement was previously carried out before Pressurized gas bottle in the gas pipeline. Due to pressure drops at Constrictions in the gas pipeline path, especially on the gas cylinder valve, can the measured pressure deviate significantly from the pressure in the gas bottle (when applying overpressure or underpressure). A precise one Pressure measurement during gas filling is therefore not with the desired reliability possible.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Voraussetzungen für eine genaue Druckmessung beim Abfüllen von Gasen in Druckgasbehälter und bei der Herstellung von Gasgemischen in Druckgasbehältern zu schaffen.The invention has for its object requirements for an accurate Pressure measurement when filling gases in compressed gas containers and at Creating gas mixtures in pressurized gas containers.

Gelöst wurde die Aufgabe durch einen Druckgasbehälter mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1.The task was solved by a pressure gas container with the characteristics of Claim 1.

Der Druckgasbehälter ist vorzugsweise eine Druckgasflasche, z. B. eine handelsübliche Druckgasflasche mit 50, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 oder 0,5 Liter Flaschenvolumen, die mit einer oder mehreren Öffnungen neben der Öffnung für das Flaschenventil versehen ist. Die Öffnungen dienen zur Aufnahme von z. B. Ventilen, Temperaturfühlern Adaptern, Druckaufnehmern oder Manometern.The pressurized gas container is preferably a pressurized gas bottle, e.g. Legs Commercially available compressed gas bottle with 50, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 or 0.5 liters Bottle volume with one or more openings next to the opening for the cylinder valve is provided. The openings are used to hold z. B. Valves, temperature sensors, adapters, pressure transducers or pressure gauges.

Erfindungsgemäße Druckgasbehälter, insbesondere Druckgasflaschen und Druckdosen, werden im folgenden als Meßbehälter bezeichnet.Pressurized gas containers according to the invention, in particular pressurized gas bottles and Pressure cans are referred to below as measuring containers.

Druckgasflaschen werden gewöhnlich aus Sicherheitsgründen nicht mit zusätzlichen Öffnungen (z. B. Bohrungen) versehen. Die Modifizierung von Druckgasbehältern gemäß der Erfindung unter Beachtung von Sicherheitsvorkehrungen bzw. Sicherheitsanforderungen ist zu Meßzwecken vertretbar. Beispielsweise ist der Einsatz von modifizierten Druckgasflaschen im Niederdruckbereich, d. h. bis zu 1 bar, oder im Druckbereich von 1 bis 6 bar ohne größere Gefahr möglich. Auch im Hochdruckbereich, z. B. 10 bis 350 bar, ist der Einsatz von modifizierten Druckgasflaschen unter entsprechenden Sicherheitsvorkehrungen möglich.Pressurized gas cylinders are usually not added for safety reasons Provide openings (e.g. holes). The modification of pressurized gas containers according to the invention taking safety precautions or Safety requirements are justifiable for measurement purposes. For example, the Use of modified compressed gas cylinders in the low pressure range, d. H. up to 1 bar, or in the pressure range from 1 to 6 bar possible without major risk. Also in High pressure area, e.g. B. 10 to 350 bar, is the use of modified Compressed gas cylinders possible under appropriate safety precautions.

Der Meßbehälter wird in der Anwendung (z. B. zur Druckmessung) vorteilhaft parallel zu anderen Druckgasbehältern angeschlossen. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn der Meßbehälter aus einem Druckgasbehälter hergestellt wird, der den paralell angeschlossenen Druckgasbehältern entspricht. Bei Gleichartigkeit der Behälter herrschen dann in dem Meßbehälter die gleichen Bedingungen wie in den Druckgasbehältern der Gasabfüllung. Der Meßbehälter ist problemlos in einen Abfüllstand integrierbar. The measuring container is advantageous in the application (e.g. for pressure measurement) connected in parallel to other compressed gas tanks. It is particularly advantageous if the measuring container is made from a pressurized gas container that parallel connected compressed gas tanks. If the containers are identical the same conditions then prevail in the measuring container as in the Pressurized gas containers for gas filling. The measuring container is easily in one Filling level can be integrated.

Der Meßbehälter eignet sich beispielsweise zur Messung von Druck und/oder Temperatur. Durch mehrere Öffnungen mit Anschlüssen für Temperaturfühler, die in die Druckgasflasche hineinreichen und z. B. entlang der Längsachse angeordnet sind, kann z. B. ein Temperaturgradient, der bei der Gasabfüllung entstehen kann, ermittelt werden. Temperaturmeßfühler (z. B. Thermoelemente) dienen z. B. zur Erfassung von Temperaturprofilen an oder in der Flasche. Insbesondere kann die Gastemperatur direkt gemessen werden.The measuring container is suitable, for example, for measuring pressure and / or Temperature. Through several openings with connections for temperature sensors, which in hand in the compressed gas cylinder and e.g. B. arranged along the longitudinal axis are z. B. a temperature gradient that can arise during gas filling, be determined. Temperature sensors (e.g. thermocouples) serve e.g. B. for Acquisition of temperature profiles on or in the bottle. In particular, the Gas temperature can be measured directly.

Öffnungen können auch zur Gastentnahme für Analysezwecke eingesetzt werden, z. B. in Verbindung mit Hochdruckdosierventilen oder Absperrventilen. Anhand mehrerer Öffnungen, z. B. entlang der Längsachse des Druckgasbehälters, kann die örtliche Gaszusammensetzung bestimmt werden, insbesondere zur Prüfung der Homogenität von Gasgemischen oder zur Ermittlung von Gasschichtungen bei der Gasgemischherstellung. Die Gaszusammenensetzung kann anhand von entnommenen Gasproben oder online ermittelt werden. Analyseverfahren sind z. B. Massenspektrometrie oder Infrarotspektroskopie, insbesondere FT-IR-Spektroskopie.Openings can also be used for guest removal for analysis purposes, e.g. B. in connection with high pressure metering valves or shut-off valves. Based several openings, e.g. B. along the longitudinal axis of the pressurized gas container, the local gas composition can be determined, especially for testing the Homogeneity of gas mixtures or to determine gas stratification in the Gas mixture production. The gas composition can be determined using gas samples taken or determined online. Analysis methods are e.g. B. Mass spectrometry or infrared spectroscopy, especially FT-IR spectroscopy.

Die Öffnungen können auch zur Aufnahme von Sonden zur Untersuchung der Innenoberfläche von Druckgasbehältern dienen (z. B. Endoskop; spektroskopische Oberflächenuntersuchungen; Gasanalysen mittels Massenspektrometrie). Beispielsweise können Adsorptions- und Desorptionsvorgänge zur Qualitätskontrolle erfaßt werden (z. B. Änderung der Gaszusammensetsung anhand Massenspektrometrie).The openings can also be used to hold probes for examining the Serve the inner surface of pressurized gas containers (e.g. endoscope; spectroscopic Surface investigations; Gas analysis using mass spectrometry). For example, adsorption and desorption processes for quality control are recorded (e.g. change in gas composition using mass spectrometry).

Bevorzugt sind die Öffnungen in der Druckgasbehälterwand mit einem Gewinde versehen, z. B. konische Gewinde wie NPT 1/16 Zoll bis NPT ¼ Zoll. 1/16 und ¼ Zoll-Gewinde können z. B. bei mindestens 5 mm Wanddicke angebracht werden. Gewindeöffnungen sind für den Einsatz im Hochdruckbereich besonders geeignet. Gelötete oder geschweißte Anschlüsse werden im allgemeinen im Niederdruckbereich (z. B. bei dünnwandigen Behältern wie Druckdosen) eingesetzt. The openings in the pressurized gas container wall are preferably threaded provided, e.g. B. Conical threads such as NPT 1/16 inch to NPT ¼ inch. 1/16 and ¼ Inch threads can e.g. B. at least 5 mm wall thickness. Threaded openings are particularly suitable for use in high pressure areas. Soldered or welded connections are generally used Low pressure range (e.g. for thin-walled containers such as pressure cells).

Der Meßbehälter ist besonders vorteilhaft einsetzbar für eine präzise Druckmessung bei manometrischen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gasgemischen. Insbesondere bei Gasdosierverfahren mit Partialdruckmessung, z. B. für Drücke unterhalb von 1000 mbar, sorgt der Meßbehälter mit Druckmeßeinrichtung für exakte und übertragbare Meßwerte für die Druckgasbehälter bei der Gasabfüllung. Beispielsweise muß bei der direkten Herstellung von Prüfgasgemischen mit einer Nebenkomponente im Spurenbereich muß der Partialdruck der Nebenkomponente in den Druckgasbehältern präzise bestimmt werden.The measuring container can be used particularly advantageously for precise pressure measurement in manometric processes for the production of gas mixtures. Especially in gas dosing with partial pressure measurement, e.g. B. for pressures below 1000 mbar, the measuring container with pressure measuring device ensures exact and transferable measured values for the compressed gas containers during gas filling. For example, in the direct production of test gas mixtures with a Secondary component in the trace area must be the partial pressure of the secondary component in the compressed gas containers can be precisely determined.

Üblicherweise sind die Vakuummeßröhren an den Abfüllständen relativ nahe im Ansaugbereich der Vakuumpumpen angeordnet. (Überdruckmeßgeräte befinden sich in der Regel im Abfüllrohrleitungssystem). Hierbei wird der Druck in der Druckgasflasche nicht ausreichend genau gemessen. Dieses Problem wird mit dem parallel zu den Füll-Druckgasflaschen angeschlossenen Meßbehälter (

Figure 00040001
Dummy-Flasche") gelöst, der bevorzugt mit einer oder mehreren gasartunabhängigen Absolutdruckmeßröhren ausgerüstet ist und damit den realen Druck in jeder Druckgasflasche wiedergibt. Zum Schutz der Vakuumeßröhren bei der Herstellung von Hochdruckgasgemischen kann entweder der Meßbehälter von der Abfüll-Gasleitung abgesperrt werden oder es kann ein Absperrventil zwischen Meßbehälter und Meßgerät angebracht werden, das geschlossen wird, sobald der zulässige Meßdruckbereich überschritten wird. Es kann von Vorteil sein, mehrere Meßbehälter einzusetzen, z. B. ein Meßbehälter zur Messung im Niederdruckbereich und ein Meßbehälter im Mittel- und Hochdruckbereich.The vacuum measuring tubes are usually located relatively close to the filling stations in the suction area of the vacuum pumps. (Pressure gauges are usually located in the filling pipe system). The pressure in the compressed gas bottle is not measured with sufficient accuracy. This problem is solved with the measuring container connected in parallel to the filling compressed gas cylinders (
Figure 00040001
Dummy bottle ") solved, which is preferably equipped with one or more gas-independent absolute pressure measuring tubes and thus reflects the real pressure in each compressed gas bottle. To protect the vacuum measuring tubes in the production of high-pressure gas mixtures, the measuring container can either be shut off from the filling gas line or it can a shut-off valve between the measuring container and the measuring device which is closed as soon as the permissible measuring pressure range is exceeded It can be advantageous to use several measuring containers, eg a measuring container for measuring in the low pressure range and a measuring container in the medium and high pressure range.

Die überlicherweise eingesetzten Vakuummeßröhren, z. B. Thermovac, Pirani- oder Penning-Meßröhren besitzen aufgrund des Meßprinzips eine stark gasartabhängige Druckmessung. Hinzu kommt, daß die Druckanzeige bei diesen Meßgeräten nicht linear ist. In Verbindung mit dem Meßbehälter werden Meßsysteme bevorzugt, die eine gasartunabhängige, absolute Druckmessung erlauben.The commonly used vacuum measuring tubes, e.g. B. Thermovac, Pirani or Due to the measuring principle, Penning measuring tubes are strongly dependent on the type of gas Pressure measurement. In addition, the pressure display in these measuring devices is not is linear. In connection with the measuring container, measuring systems are preferred which allow an absolute pressure measurement independent of the gas type.

Eine gasartunabhängige, absolute Druckmessung kann beispielsweise mit Druckmeßgeräten wie Kapazitätsmanometern (z. B. Gerät mit der Bezeichnung 600 Barocel® der Firma Edwards, USA; Meßbereiche: 0-10, 0-100, 0-1000 mbar) erfolgen. Bei diesen Kapazitätsmanometern lenkt der Eingangsdruck eine dünne, radial im Gehäuse eingeschweißte Membrane gegenüber einer festen Elektrode aus, dabei bilden beide Elektroden einen Kondensator. Dies führt zu einer Kapazitätsänderung, die nach elektronischer Signalverarbeitung über die Steuer- und Anzeigeelektronik direkt proportional zum Druck ist. Als Ausgangssignal wird eine lineare Gleichspannung geliefert. Die Bezugselektrode befindet sich in einem Referenz-Ultra-Hochvakuumraum, der durch chemische Getter langzeitstabil ist.An absolute pressure measurement that is independent of the gas type can be used, for example Pressure measuring devices such as capacity gauges (e.g. device with the designation 600 Barocel® from Edwards, USA; Measuring ranges: 0-10, 0-100, 0-1000 mbar) respectively. With these capacity gauges, the inlet pressure directs a thin, membrane welded radially in the housing opposite a fixed electrode both electrodes form a capacitor. This leads to a Change in capacity after electronic signal processing via the control and Display electronics is directly proportional to the pressure. As an output signal a linear DC voltage is supplied. The reference electrode is in one Reference ultra-high vacuum space that is long-term stable thanks to chemical getters.

Gasartunabhängige Meßröhren zur kapazitive Messung sind für Drücke von beispielsweise 0,0001 mbar bis 1000 mbar erhältlich.Gas-independent measuring tubes for capacitive measurement are for pressures of for example 0.0001 mbar to 1000 mbar available.

Der Meßbehälter enthält vorteilhaft einen Anschluß eine externe Evakuiermöglichkeit zum schnelleren Kalibrieren von Vakuum-Meßröhren: Der Anschluß wird beispielsweise seitlich an Wand einer Druckgasflasche angebracht.The measuring container advantageously contains an external connection Evacuation option for faster calibration of vacuum measuring tubes: The Connection is for example attached to the side of a compressed gas bottle.

Der Einsatz der Meßbehälter ist vorteilhaft bei allen manometrischen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gasgemischen, insbesondere bei der Druckmessung bei Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gasgemischen in Druckgasbehältern, wo in mindestens einem Schritt zunächst ein Druck eines Gases grob vorgegeben wird (Grobdruck) und dann ein kleinerer präziser Druck (Feindruck) in dem Druckgasbehälter mit Hilfe eines Vakuums eingestellt wird.The use of the measuring container is advantageous for all manometric Process for the preparation of gas mixtures, in particular in the Pressure measurement in processes for the production of gas mixtures in Pressurized gas containers where, in at least one step, a pressure of a Gases is roughly specified (coarse pressure) and then a smaller more precise Pressure (fine pressure) in the compressed gas container with the help of a vacuum is set.

Der Feindruck liegt beispielsweise im Bereich von 0,0001 bis 1000 mbar bei 15 °C.The fine pressure is, for example, in the range from 0.0001 to 1000 mbar 15 ° C.

Der Einsatz des Meßbehälters ist besonders von Vorteil bei der Herstellung eines Gasgemisches mit einer Hauptkomponente und einer Nebenkomponente, die in kleiner Konzentration, z. B. im Spurenbereich, vorliegt.The use of the measuring container is particularly advantageous during production a gas mixture with a main component and one Secondary component, which in a small concentration, for. B. in the trace area, is present.

Bei der Herstellung binärer Gasgemische erfolgt die Befüllung und Dosierung vorteilhaft zuerst mit der Gaskomponente, die in dem herzustellenden Gasgemisch in der geringsten Konzentration vorliegt (Nebenkomponente), da der erste Dosierschritt in dem Verfahren mit der größten Genauigkeit ausgeführt werden kann.In the production of binary gas mixtures, the filling and metering takes place advantageous first with the gas component to be produced in the The gas mixture is in the lowest concentration (secondary component) because the first dosing step in the process with the greatest accuracy can be executed.

Der gespülte, konditionierte und evakuierte Druckgasbehälter wird mit der ersten Gaskomponente befüllt. Hier zeigt sich der Vorteil der Verwendung der ersten Gaskomponente als Gas für das Spülen und die Konditionierung des Druckgasbehälters: der Druckgasbehälter braucht zur ersten Dosierung nicht evakuiert zu werden. Sollte sich das Spülen mit der ersten Gaskomponente aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen verbieten, so wäre es von Vorteil, wenn wenigstens der Spülschritt des letzten Spülvorganges mit der ersten Gaskomponente erfolgt. Die Befüllung mit der ersten Gaskomponente erfolgt zunächst bis zu einem Grobdruck, der größer ist als der eigentliche Dosierdruck, durch den die Menge der Gaskomponente bestimmt wird. Der Grobdruck liegt im allgemeinen bei einem Druck im Bereich von 0,1 bis 10 bar, bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,1 bis 5 bar und besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,8 bis 1,5 bar, je nach einzustellendem Feindruck. Der Feindruck und der Grobdruck sollten so weit auseinanderliegen, daß eine Dosierung mittels Vakuum gut durchgeführt werden kann. Das ist beispielsweise gegeben, wenn der Feindruck etwa 10 Prozent unter dem Wert des Grobdruckes liegt. Besonders wenn der Feindruck unter 100 millibar, insbesondere unter 10 millibar, liegt, erfolgt die Änderung des Druckes bei Anlegen des Vakuums langsam, so daß der gewünschte Wert des Feindruckes sehr genau eingestellt werden kann. Bei Feindrücken über 10 millibar kann die Einstellung des Feindruckes durch eine Drosselung (Ventil) in der Vakuumleitung erleichtert werden. Die Dosierung von weiteren Gaskomponenten erfolgt additiv wie bei üblichen manometrischen Verfahren durch Befüllung bis zu einem vorgegebenen Dosierdruck. Die Befüllung mit der anteilig größten Gaskomponente (Hauptkomponente) wird vorteilhaft als letzter Schritt durchgeführt, dabei wird diese Gaskomponente bis zu dem letzten Dosierdruck, das ist der Fülldruck des Druckbehälters mit dem fertigen Gasgemisch, aufgefüllt. The flushed, conditioned and evacuated compressed gas container is with the filled the first gas component. This shows the advantage of using the first gas component as a gas for purging and conditioning the Pressurized gas container: the pressurized gas container does not need for the first dosage to be evacuated. Should purging with the first gas component ban for economic reasons, it would be an advantage if at least the rinsing step of the last rinsing process with the first Gas component takes place. The first gas component is filled initially up to a coarse print that is larger than the actual one Dosing pressure, through which the amount of the gas component is determined. Of the Coarse pressure is generally in the range of 0.1 to 10 bar, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 5 bar and particularly preferably in Range from 0.8 to 1.5 bar, depending on the fine pressure to be set. Of the Fine print and coarse print should be so far apart that one Dosing by means of vacuum can be carried out well. This is for example, if the fine pressure is about 10 percent below the Coarse pressure value. Especially if the fine impression is below 100 millibars, especially less than 10 millibars, the change is made Pressure when applying the vacuum slowly, so that the desired value of the fine impression can be set very precisely. At fine pressures above The setting of the fine pressure by throttling can be 10 millibars (Valve) in the vacuum line. The dosage of more Gas components are carried out additively as in conventional manometric processes by filling up to a specified dosing pressure. Filling with the proportionately largest gas component (main component) is advantageous as last step carried out, this gas component is up to the last dosing pressure, that is the filling pressure of the pressure container with the finished one Gas mixture, filled up.

Bei herzustellenden Gasgemischen mit mehreren Nebenkomponenten mit kleinen Partialdrücken erlaubt der Meßbehälter aufgrund der präzisen Druckmessung auch eine direkte Gasdosierung (additive Gasdosierung) im Vakuum (d. h. bei einem Druck unter einem bar).When producing gas mixtures with several secondary components with The measuring container allows small partial pressures due to the precise Pressure measurement also a direct gas metering (additive gas metering) in the Vacuum (i.e. at a pressure below one bar).

Mit der Gasdosierung mittels Vakuum oder additiven Gasdosierung im Vakuum und einer präzisen Druckbestimmung mittels des Meßbehälters ist es nunmehr möglich, kostengünstig und unter geringem, zeitlich akzeptablem Aufwand Gasgemische, insbesondere mit einer oder mehreren Nebenkomponenten im Konzentrationsbereich zwischen 10 ppb und 5000 ppm, insbesondere im Bereich zwischen 10 ppb und 100 ppm, sehr exakt zudosieren.With gas metering using vacuum or additive gas metering in the It is vacuum and a precise pressure determination by means of the measuring container now possible, inexpensive and with little time acceptable Effort gas mixtures, especially with one or more Minor components in the concentration range between 10 ppb and 5000 ppm, very precisely in the range between 10 ppb and 100 ppm add.

Konditionierung und Befüllung der Druckgasbehälter mit den Gaskomponenten können gleichzeitig mit mehreren Druckgasbehältern (z. B. 1 bis 100 Druckgasbehälter) am Abfüllstand erfolgen. Auf die Bevorratung von Muttergemischen sowie auf aufwendige gravimetrische Dosierungen kann verzichtet werden, so daß Gasgemische mit Gaskomponenten geringer Konzentration direkt hergestellt werden können.Conditioning and filling the compressed gas tank with the Gas components can be operated simultaneously with several pressurized gas containers (e.g. 1 to 100 pressurized gas containers) at the filling station. On the stockpiling of mother mixtures as well as complex gravimetric dosing can be dispensed with, so that gas mixtures with gas components are lower Concentration can be made directly.

Es wird die Herstellung eines binären Gasgemisches (Gasgemisch aus Haupt- und Nebenkomponente) im folgenden als Beispiel beschrieben.There is the production of a binary gas mixture (gas mixture from Main and secondary component) described below as an example.

Eine Druckgasflasche, die thermisch konditioniert und mit einem Druck bis zu 3 bar mit einem Konservierungsgas (z. B. Stickstoffgas) befüllt wurde, wird durch Ablassen von Gas auf einen Innendruck von etwa Atmosphärendruck gebracht. Anschließend wird die Druckgasflasche mit einer Vakuumpumpe (z. B. ölfreie Membranpumpe) auf einen Druck von etwa 10 millibar evakuiert. Das entspricht einer Drucksenkung um ca. 2 Zehnerpotenzen. Die evakuierte Druckgasflasche wird mit dem Gas der einzuspeisenden Nebenkomponente bis auf einen Druck im Bereich von 800 bis etwa 1000 millibar geflutet. Zum Spülen der Druckgasflasche mit der Nebenkomponente wird das Evakuieren und Fluten mit dem Gas der Nebenkomponente zweimal, dreimal oder mehrmals durchgeführt, je nach der Anforderung an die Reinheit und je nach Zusammensetzung des Gasgemisches. Das Spülen wie auch die nachfolgenden Schritte erfolgen bevorzugt bei Raumtemperatur (20 bis 25° C). Die Druckgasflasche ist nun mit dem Gas der Nebenkomponente etwa bei Atmosphärendruck gefüllt und die innere Oberfläche mit dem Gas der Nebenkomponente in ein Gleichgewicht gebracht. Die Druckgasflasche ist damit konditioniert. Die eigentliche Dosierung der Nebenkomponente erfolgt durch Evakuieren (Entnahme von Gas) auf den gewünschten Feindruck, der dem Partialdruck der Nebenkomponente in dem fertigen, komprimierten Gasgemisch entspricht. Der notwendige Druck kann theoretisch (z. B. anhand einer Gasgleichung wie ideales Gasgesetz oder anhand eines Berechnungsmodells) oder empirisch (z. B. anhand von Gasanalysen) ermittelt werden. Ist der Feindruck der Nebenkomponente eingestellt, so ist die Dosierung der Nebenkomponente abgeschlossen. Auf diese Weise können Nebenkomponenten z. B. zwischen 10-4 und 1000 millibar sehr exakt vorgelegt werden. Die Hauptkomponente des Gasgemisches wird nun auf den Enddruck (Fülldruck) in der Druckgasflasche, beispielsweise 200 bar, aufgedrückt. Dies kann mittels eines Kompressors oder durch Anschluß eines Vorratsbehälters einer Gasversorgung (Gas der Hauptkomponente) mit höherem Druck (z. B. 350 bar) erfolgen. Das Auffüllen mit der Hauptkomponente kann auch gravimetrisch kontrolliert werden.A compressed gas cylinder, which has been thermally conditioned and filled with a preservation gas (e.g. nitrogen gas) at a pressure of up to 3 bar, is brought to an internal pressure of approximately atmospheric pressure by releasing gas. The compressed gas bottle is then evacuated to a pressure of approximately 10 millibars using a vacuum pump (e.g. oil-free membrane pump). This corresponds to a pressure reduction of approx. 2 powers of ten. The evacuated compressed gas bottle is flooded with the gas of the secondary component to be fed in to a pressure in the range from 800 to about 1000 millibars. To flush the compressed gas bottle with the secondary component, the evacuation and flooding with the gas of the secondary component is carried out twice, three times or more, depending on the purity requirement and the composition of the gas mixture. The rinsing and the subsequent steps are preferably carried out at room temperature (20 to 25 ° C). The compressed gas bottle is now filled with the gas of the secondary component at approximately atmospheric pressure and the inner surface is brought into equilibrium with the gas of the secondary component. The compressed gas bottle is now conditioned. The actual metering of the secondary component is carried out by evacuation (removal of gas) to the desired fine pressure, which corresponds to the partial pressure of the secondary component in the finished, compressed gas mixture. The necessary pressure can be determined theoretically (e.g. using a gas equation such as the ideal gas law or using a calculation model) or empirically (e.g. using gas analyzes). If the fine pressure of the secondary component has been set, the metering of the secondary component is complete. In this way, secondary components such. B. between 10 -4 and 1000 millibars can be presented very precisely. The main component of the gas mixture is now pressed onto the final pressure (filling pressure) in the compressed gas bottle, for example 200 bar. This can be done by means of a compressor or by connecting a storage tank of a gas supply (gas of the main component) with higher pressure (e.g. 350 bar). The filling with the main component can also be checked gravimetrically.

Beispiel für ein binäres Gasgemisch:

  • 1.) Nebenkomponente: Sauerstoff, Feindruck: 10 mbar
  • 2.) Hauptkomponente: Stickstoff, Dosierdruck= Fülldruck: 200 bar
  • 3.) Ergebnis: Gasgemisch von 0,005 vol.-% (50 ppm) Sauerstoff in Stickstoff.
    • Example of a binary gas mixture:
  • 1.) secondary component: oxygen, fine pressure: 10 mbar
  • 2.) Main component: nitrogen, dosing pressure = filling pressure: 200 bar
  • 3.) Result: gas mixture of 0.005 vol .-% (50 ppm) oxygen in nitrogen.

    • Die Figur zeigt schematisch einen Meßbehälter 1 mit Beispielen von Meßeinrichtungen 2 (2a, 2b, 2c und 2d: Temperaturfühler) und 3 (3a, 3b: Gasleitung mit Absperrventil und Druckmeßgerät, z. B. Manometer), Gasentnahmeeinrichtung 4 und Anschlußstutzen 7. Der Meßbehälter ist parallel zu einem zweiten Druckgasbehälter 5 (oder weiteren Druckgasbehältern) angeordnet. Die Temperaturfühler 2a bis 2d sind zum Beispiel in einer Reihe angeordnet für die Messung des Temperaturprofils entlang der Meßpunkte. Die Temperaturmeßpunkte können z. B. in Längsrichtung (hier vertikal) einer Druckgasflasche oder kreisförmig (hier horizontal) angeordnet sein. Die Druckmeßeinrichtungen 3a und 3b sind vorteilhaft mit einem Absperrventil versehen. Als Druckmeßgeräte können beispielsweise ein Kapazitätsmanometer für die Vakuummessung und ein Manometer für höhere Druckbereiche angeschlossen sein. Die Gasentnahmestelle 4 dient zur Entnahme von Gasproben zur Analyse oder zum on-line Anschluß von Analysegeräten (z. B. Massenspektrometer oder IR-Spektrometer). Der Anschlußstutzen 7 dient vorzugsweise zur separaten Evakuierung des Meßbehälters zur Kalibrierung von Vakuummeßgeräten. Meßbehälter 1 und Druckgasbehälter 5 sind über eine Leitung mit einer Vakuumpumpe 6 (Pfeile zeigen die Richtung des Gasflusses bei Anlegen von Vakuum) und/oder einer Gasquelle 6 (z. B. Kompressor mit Vorratsgasbehältern).The figure shows schematically a measuring container 1 with examples of Measuring devices 2 (2a, 2b, 2c and 2d: temperature sensor) and 3 (3a, 3b: gas line with shut-off valve and pressure gauge, e.g. B. manometer), gas sampling device 4 and connecting piece 7. The measuring container is parallel to a second Pressurized gas container 5 (or further pressurized gas containers) arranged. The Temperature sensors 2a to 2d are arranged for example in a row Measurement of the temperature profile along the measuring points. The temperature measuring points can e.g. B. in the longitudinal direction (here vertically) of a gas cylinder or circular (horizontal here). The pressure measuring devices 3a and 3b are advantageously provided with a shut-off valve. As pressure gauges can for example a capacity manometer for vacuum measurement and a Pressure gauges for higher pressure ranges must be connected. The gas sampling point 4 is used for taking gas samples for analysis or for online connection of Analysis devices (e.g. mass spectrometer or IR spectrometer). Of the Connection piece 7 is preferably used for separate evacuation of the measuring container for the calibration of vacuum measuring devices. Measuring container 1 and compressed gas container 5 are connected via a line to a vacuum pump 6 (arrows show the direction of the Gas flow when applying vacuum) and / or a gas source 6 (z. B. compressor with storage gas containers).

    Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Befüllung von Druckgasbehältern mit Gas oder der Herstellung von Gasgemischen in Druckgasbehältern, wobei eine physikalische oder chemische Untersuchung mittels eines Meßbehälters erfolgt.Another object of the invention is a method for filling Pressurized gas containers with gas or the production of gas mixtures in Pressurized gas containers, whereby a physical or chemical examination by means of a measuring container.

    Physikalische Untersuchungen sind z. B. Druck- oder Temperaturmessung. Chemische Untersuchungen sind z. B. Analysen zur Ermittlung der Gaszusammensetzung, die physikalische Methoden beinhalten können. Als chemische Untersuchungen werden auch Analysen mittels Infrarotspektroskopie oder Massenspektrometrie angesehen.Physical examinations are e.g. B. pressure or temperature measurement. Chemical tests are e.g. B. Analyzes to determine the Gas composition, which can include physical methods. As Chemical investigations are also analyzes using infrared spectroscopy or mass spectrometry viewed.

    Claims (12)

    Druckgasbehälter mit mehr als einer Öffnung.Pressurized gas container with more than one opening. Druckgasbehälter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druckgasbehälter eine Druckgasflasche oder eine Druckdose ist.Pressurized gas container according to claim 1, characterized in that the Pressurized gas container is a pressurized gas bottle or a pressurized can. Druckgasbehälter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnung ein Gewinde aufweist.Pressurized gas container according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Opening has a thread. Druckgasbehälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnung zum Anschluß von einem Sensor, Meßgerät oder Analysegerät oder zur Entnahme von Proben oder zur Aufnahme einer Sonde dient.Pressurized gas container according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the opening for connection of a sensor, measuring device or analyzer or for taking samples or for taking a probe. Druckgasbehälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnung zum Anschluß eines oder mehrerer Thermoelemente, ein oder mehrerer Vakuummeßgeräte oder ein oder mehrerer Druckmeßgeräte dient.Pressurized gas container according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the opening for connecting one or more thermocouples, one or several vacuum gauges or one or more pressure gauges is used. Druckgasbehälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnung zur Befestigung oder Positionierung von einem oder mehrerer Sensoren oder Sonden im Innenraum des Druckgasbehälters dient.Pressurized gas container according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the opening for attachment or positioning of one or more Sensors or probes in the interior of the compressed gas container is used. Druckgasbehälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Druckgasbehälter eine handelsübliche Druckgasflasche mit einem Flaschenvolumen von 50, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 oder 0,5 Liter dient.Pressurized gas container according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that as a pressure gas container, a commercially available gas cylinder with a Bottle volume of 50, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 or 0.5 liters is used. Druckgasbehälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Öffnung mit einem zylindrischen oder konischen Gewinde oder einer Löt- oder Schweißverbindung versehen ist.Pressurized gas container according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the opening with a cylindrical or conical thread or a solder or Welded connection is provided. Verfahren zur Befüllung von Druckgasbehältern mit Gas oder der Herstellung von Gasgemischen in Druckgasbehältern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine physikalische oder chemische Untersuchung mittels eines Druckgasbehälters gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 erfolgt.Process for filling compressed gas containers with gas or the production of Gas mixtures in pressurized gas containers, characterized in that a physical or chemical analysis using a pressurized gas container according to one of claims 1 to 8. Verwendung eines Druckgasbehälters nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 zur Durchführung physikalischer oder chemischer Untersuchungen bei der Befüllung von Druckgasbehältern mit Gas oder Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gasgemischen in Druckgasbehältern.Use of a pressurized gas container according to one of claims 1 to 8 to carry out physical or chemical tests at the Filling of pressurized gas containers with gas or process for the production of Gas mixtures in pressurized gas containers. Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die physikalische Untersuchung eine Druck- oder Temperaturmessung darstellt und die chemische Untersuchung Informationen zur Gaszusammensetzung liefert.Use according to claim 10, characterized in that the physical examination represents a pressure or temperature measurement and the chemical analysis provides information on gas composition. Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gasgemischen in Druckgasbehältern als physikalische Untersuchung eine Druckmessung erfolgt und in mindestens einem Schritt zunächst ein Druck eines Gases grob vorgegeben und dann ein kleinerer Druck in den Druckgasbehältern mit Hilfe eines Vakuums präzise eingestellt wird.Use according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that in processes for the production of gas mixtures in pressurized gas containers as physical examination a pressure measurement takes place and in at least one step, a pressure of a gas is roughly predefined and then a smaller pressure in the compressed gas tanks with the help of a vacuum is set.
    EP98117220A 1997-10-09 1998-09-11 Gas container for measuring Expired - Lifetime EP0908665B1 (en)

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    DE19744559A DE19744559C2 (en) 1997-10-09 1997-10-09 Meßgasbehälter

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    EP1043540A2 (en) * 1999-04-08 2000-10-11 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Filling device for making precision gas mixtures
    WO2006108976A2 (en) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for controlling filling of gas cylinders
    DE102006016554A1 (en) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-11 L'Air Liquide, S.A. a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Method for filling at least one compressed gas container with at least one gas, intermediate piece for connecting to an opening of a compressed gas container and compressed gas cylinder fitting
    CN103041724A (en) * 2012-12-13 2013-04-17 西南化工研究设计院有限公司 Novel air distributing device in static volume method and air distributing method
    CN112344211A (en) * 2020-11-26 2021-02-09 中国特种设备检测研究院 Long tube trailer monitoring system
    CN112881105A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-06-01 王欣丽 Indoor soil microorganism breathes continuous survey device
    US20240035623A1 (en) * 2022-07-29 2024-02-01 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hydrogen filling method

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    EP1043540A3 (en) * 1999-04-08 2001-01-31 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Filling device for making precision gas mixtures
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    JP2009532641A (en) * 2006-04-07 2009-09-10 レール・リキード−ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード Method for filling at least one compressed gas tank with at least one gas, connector for connection to an opening of the compressed gas tank, and compressed gas cylinder apparatus
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    CN103041724A (en) * 2012-12-13 2013-04-17 西南化工研究设计院有限公司 Novel air distributing device in static volume method and air distributing method
    CN112344211A (en) * 2020-11-26 2021-02-09 中国特种设备检测研究院 Long tube trailer monitoring system
    CN112881105A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-06-01 王欣丽 Indoor soil microorganism breathes continuous survey device
    CN112881105B (en) * 2021-01-28 2023-09-12 江苏普朗睿恩生物科技有限公司 Indoor soil microorganism breathes continuous measuring device
    US20240035623A1 (en) * 2022-07-29 2024-02-01 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hydrogen filling method

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    DE59813783D1 (en) 2006-12-14
    DE19744559C2 (en) 2003-03-27
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    EP0908665A3 (en) 1999-09-01
    EP0908665B1 (en) 2006-11-02

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