GB2088516A - Renovation of tunnels - Google Patents
Renovation of tunnels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2088516A GB2088516A GB8136314A GB8136314A GB2088516A GB 2088516 A GB2088516 A GB 2088516A GB 8136314 A GB8136314 A GB 8136314A GB 8136314 A GB8136314 A GB 8136314A GB 2088516 A GB2088516 A GB 2088516A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- lining
- tunnel
- tubular lining
- ribs
- tubular
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
- F16L55/162—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe
- F16L55/165—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a pipe or flexible liner being inserted in the damaged section
- F16L55/1652—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from inside the pipe a pipe or flexible liner being inserted in the damaged section the flexible liner being pulled into the damaged section
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
A method of renovating a tunnel, sewer, pipeline or the like duct comprises the steps of introducing into the duct a thin-walled, tubular lining 1 of rein-forced plastics material having helical reinforcing ribs 3, 4 on its external surface, at least one of which ribs has a different hand from the remaining rib or ribs, and filling the space between the external surface of the tubular lining and the internal surface of the duct with grouting material, for example cement or fly ash grout. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Renovation of tunnels
This invention relates to a method of renovating a tunnel, sewer, pipeline or the like duct, and to a tubular lining of reinforced plastics material for use in the method. In order to simplify the ensuing description, such ducts, whether they are situated underground, submerged in water or situated above ground, will be referred to as "tunnels".
Tunnels, whether constructed of annular members, such as end-to-end connected or abutting pipes or rings, or of arrangements of bricks, blocks or segments, undergo deterioration with the passage of time, and, in view of the high cost of renewing them, it is highly desirable to have a relatively inexpensive and effective method of renovating damaged tunnels.
Many proposals have been made for the renovation of damaged or collapsed tunnels, particularly sewers, including the repointing of brick or block lined tunnels, grout sealing of pipe-formed tunnels where areas surrounding the pipes have been eroded, spray coating of tunnels with sealing and water-proofing compounds, re-lining with reinforced concrete panels of appropriate shape, re-lining with reinforced plastics or concrete liners of similar shape to the tunnel to be renovated, re-lining with flexible plastics tubing which is unrolled in the tunnel and expanded into shape using fluid pressure means, or re-lining with a fixed diameter, high density polyethylene pipe of lesser diameter than the tunnel and in-filling the annular space between the pipe and the tunnel with grouting material.
All of these known proposals are successful to a degree, but are restricted in their use by the parameters imposed by the diversity of tunnel cross-section encountered in practice. Other drawbacks to the use of some of the prior proposals are the high bulk and weight and lack of flexibility of the materials employed. For example, concrete panels are bulky, heavy and certainly lack flexibility.
The present invention aims to provide a method of renovating a tunnel which does not have the difficulties referred to above.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method of renovating a tunnel comprises the steps of introducing into the tunnel a thin-walled, tubular lining of reinforced plastics material having helical reinforcing ribs on its external surface, at least one of which ribs has a different hand from the remaining rib or ribs, and filling the space between the external surface of the tubular lining and the internal surface of the tunnel with grouting material.
In using the term "helical" to describe the ribs on the external surface of the tubular lining, we mean, in this specification, that each rib follows a threedimensional curve with one or more turns around the longitudinal axis of the tubular lining.
Depending on the length of the tunnel to be renovated and the course it takes, the tubular lining may consist of a single section or a plurality of sections joined end-to-end. When a plurality of sections is employed, adjacent ends of adjacent
sections may be joined with simple jointing mem
bers, for example annular jointing members of
H-section.
In use of the method in accordance with the
invention for renovating an underground tunnel,
access to the tunnel is obtained via holes which may
have to be excavated in the ground above the tunnel
or which may be existing acess holes, for example
man-holes. The tubular lining is introduced into the tunnel, in one or more sections as necessary, through one of the access holes and is pulled into
position in the#unnel from another of the access
holes. When the tubular lining has been positioned in this way, grouting material, for example cement or fly ash grout, is introduced into the space between the external surface of the tubular lining and the internal surface of the tunnel.This grouting may be
performed from inside the tubular lining, for exam ple by boring holes in the tubular lining and injecting the grouting material through these holes from inside the lining. Alternatively, the grouting may be performed from outside the tubular lining by boring down from the surface and injecting the grouting material into said space. This last-mentioned procedure is usually only suitable for use in the case of tunnels which are fairly close to the surface of the ground through which they pass. During the grouting process, the interior of the tubular lining may be supported at intervals along its length while the grouting material sets, for example using temporary supports shaped to the internal cross-sectional shape of the tubular lining.
In use of the method in accordance with the invention, it is found that the helical ribs of the tubular lining afford strength and rigidity to the lining without sacrificing too much of the flexibility of the lining along its longitudinal axis. Thus, due to its flexibility, the lining can be moved into the tunnel without difficulty, and yet provide a strong lining for the tunnel when it has been grouted in position.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a tubular lining of reinforced plastics material for use in the method of the invention comprises a tube having an inner layer reinforced with a tissue made of filamentary material and at least one further layer surrounding the inner layer, said at least one further layer being reinforced with chopped glass strand, the external surface of the tube being reinforced with helical ribs of plastics material reinforced with continuous glass filaments, at least one of the ribs having a different hand from the remaining rib or ribs.
The tubular lining in accordance with the invention may have a wall thickness of from 3 to 6 mm, the said inner layer having a thickness of from 0.5 to 1 mm and there being one or more of said outer layers each having a thickness of from 1 to 1.5 mm. The tissue used for reinforcing the inner layer may consist of E glass filaments, of a continuous and/or non-continuous nature, laid randomly in a mat and held together with a suitable binder. Other suitable tissues for reinforcing the inner layer are polyester and acrylic tissues. All these tissues are capable of taking up a large amount of resin, so that the inner layer of the tubular lining is resin rich. The chopped glass strands used for reinforcing the outer layer or layers of the tubular lining may be made from E glass and have a length of approximately 5 cm.The strands are suitably prepared in the form of a mat in which the strands are randomly laid and held together with a suitable binder, for example starch.
The helical ribs on the external surface of the tubular lining may be formed from bundles of continuous E glass filaments impregnated with synthetic resin.
The plastics material used for making the tubular lining may be any commercially available resin, for example polyester resin, which can be used for reinforced plastics applications.
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a length of one embodiment of tubular lining employed in the method in accordance with the invention,
Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of an underground tunnel in the course of being renovated by the method in accordance with the invention,
Figure 3 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of a portion of the tunnel of Figure 2 after renovation by the method in accordance with the invention,
Figure 4 is a schematic side view of apparatus for making the tubular lining employed in the method in accordance with the invention, and
Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view through the wall of part of a preferred tubular lining for use in the method in accordance with the invention.
The tubular lining, generally designated by the numeral 1, shown in Figure 1 comprises a thinwalled tube 2 made from reinforced plastics material, for example polyester resin reinforced with glass fibre material. The external surface of the tube 2 is formed with two helical ribs 3, 4 formed from bundles of glass filaments impregnated with plastics material. The ribs 3, 4 have a helix angle in the range of from 450 to 700, and one of the ribs is of opposite hand compared with the other. As a result, the ribs 3, 4 cross one another to define, on the external surface of the tub 2, a plurality of diamond-shaped areas 5 bounded on two opposed sides by the rib 3 and on the other two opposed sides by the rib 4.
The cross-sectional shape of the tube 2 of the lining shown in Figure 1 is chosen to suit the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel it is desired to renovate with the lining. Thus, although the tube 2 shown is of generally ovoidal shape, it will be appreciated that it can have any other shape conforming to that of the tunnel in which it is to be inserted.
Figure2showsthetubularlining 1 being inserted into an underground tunnel 6, for example a sewer, which is formed from a plurality of end-to-end connected pipes 7. A hole 8 is excavated in the ground to uncover one end of a portion 9 of the tunnel 6 that has to be renovated, and a part of the tunnel is removed in this region to leave a gap 10 therein. The numeral 11 designates a man-hole 11 giving access to the tunnel 6 at the end of the tunnel portion 9 which is remote from the hole 8.
The interior of the tunnel portion 9 is first cleaned and any debris and broken parts removed. A section 12 of the lining 1 is then introduced into the tunnel portion 9 at the gap 10 and the leading end of the section 12 is connected by a rope 13 to a winch 14 located in the man-hole 11. By actuating the winch 14, the lining section 12 is drawn along the tunnel portion 9 until the leading end of the section reaches the man-hole 11. To facilitate movement of the lining section 12 along the tunnel, the leading end of the section may be provided with a conical end closure 15.
If the tunnel portion 9 has a length greater than the lining section 12, one or more additional lining sections are connected to the section 12. Such a connection may be effected with an H-section jointing member 16, as shown in Figure 3. In Figure 3, the jointing member 16 is shown connecting the lining section 12 to a further lining section 1 2a. The two sections 12, 12a would usually be connected together with the jointing member 16 before the trailing end of the section 12 entered the tunnel portion 9. This connection is conveniently effected above ground or in the hole 8, the adjacent ends of the two lining sections being secured in the jointing member 16 with a suitable adhesive. However, in certain circumstances it may be preferred to make the connection between adjacent ends of adjacent lining sections in the tunnel portion 9.
Figure 3 shows the tubular lining 1 installed in the tunnel portion 9 with the gap 17 between the internal surface of the tunnel portion 9 and the external surface of the lining 1 filled with a grouting material 18, for example cement grout. The grouting material 18 may be introduced into the gap 17 from inside the lining 1. To this end, the lining 1 may be provided with holes 19 through which the grouting material 18 may be injected under pressure. Alternatively, the grouting material 18 may be introduced into the gap 17 from above the tunnel portion 9, via holes 20 bored through the tunnel portion 9 and the ground overlying the tunnel portion. Temporary supports 21, shown in chain lines, may be arranged in the lining 1 to support the latter while the grouting material 18 sets. These supports are removed when the grouting material has set.
Due to the thin-walled construction of the lining 1 and its external helical reinforcing ribs 3, 4 it is found thatthe lining has a degree of flexibility enabling it to be moved along at least gently curved section of the tunnel to be renovated, yet at the same time it provides a strong and rigid lining when finally grouted into the tunnel.
The tubular lining 1 is conveniently made on a rotatable mandrel 22, as shown schematically in
Figure 4. Referring to this Figure, the mandrel 22 has the same cross-sectional shape as the desired internal cross-sectional shape of the tubular lining, and is rotatable about its longitudinal axis on shafts 23, 24 supported in end supports 25, 26, respectively
The tube 2 of the lining is first built up on the mandrel 22 from resin impregnated glass fibre material using conventional techniques. While the resin of the tube 2 is still in an uncured state, a bundle 27 of continuous glass filaments is laid in a helix around the tube 2 employing a feed head 28 which is traversable along the mandrel 22 as indicated by the arrows 29.As the feed head 28 is traversed along the mandrel in the direction from the support 25 to the support 26, the mandrel is rotated in the direction of the arrow 30, so that the bundle 27 of glass filaments is laid as a helical rib 3 on the external surface of the tube 2. When the rib 3 has been laid on the tube 2 up to the end 31 of the latter, the direction of motion of the feed head 28 is reversed, so that it moved back towards the support 25. During this movement of the feed head 28, a further helical rib (not shown) of opposite hand to the rib 3 is laid on the external surface of the tube 2.
After the two helical ribs have been formed in this way, the bundles of filaments may be coated on their outer surfaces with further resin. Alternatively, or in addition, the bundle 27 of glass filaments may be fed through a bath of uncured resin just priorto application to the tube 2. Prior to application to the tube 2, the bundle 27 of filaments may be twisted to give a rope-like configuration to the bundle. After application of the helical ribs to the external surface of the tube 2, the lining is placed in a curing chamber, or passed through a tunnel drier, to cure the resin.
Figure 5 shows a preferred construction of the tubular lining 1, in which the tube 2 has an inner layer 32 surrounded by layers 33 and 34. The inner layer consists of polyester resin reinforced with the aforementioned tissue of continuous glass filaments having a thickness of 0.5 mm, and the layers 33 and 34 consist of the same polyester resin each reinforced with a mat of the aforementioned chopped glass strands, each mat having a thickness of 1 mm.
In one example of such a lining, the tube 2 had a wall thickness of 3 mm and the helical ribs 3,4 each composed of the same polyester resin reinforced with continuous glass filaments 35, had a height of 2 mm.
The linings may be made in any convenient length, for example 5 to 10 m, and can be employed for lining tunnels of a wide range of sizes.
Claims (18)
1. A method of renovating a tunnel (as hereinbefore defined), comprising the steps of introducing into the tunnel a thin-walled, tubular lining of reinforced plastics material having helical (as hereinbefore defined) reinforcing ribs on its external surface, at least one of which ribs has a different hand from the remaining rib or ribs, and filling the space between the external surface of the tubular lining and the internal surface of the tunnel with grouting material.
2. A method according to claim 1, in which the tubular lining is introduced into the tunnel through a first access hole opening into the tunnel and is pulled into a desired position in the tunnel from another access hole opening into the tunnel at a location spaced along the tunnel from the first access hole.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the tubular lining is introduced into the tunnel as a
plurality of lining sections, the adjacent ends of
adjacent lining sections being joined together.
4. A method according to any of the preceding
claims, in which the grouting material is filled into
said space from inside the tubular lining.
5. A method according to claim 4, in which the
grouting material is injected into said space through
holes bored in the tubular lining.
6. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3, in which the grouting material is filled into said space
from outside the tubular lining through holes bored
through the wall of the tunnel.
7. A method according to any of the preceding
claims, comprising the step of supporting the in interior of the tubular lining at intervals along its
length while the grouting material sets.
8. A method according to claim 7, in which the
interior of the tubular lining is supported with
temporary supports shaped to the internal cross
sectional shape of the tubular lining.
9. A method of renovating a tunnel (as hereinbe
fore defined) substantially as herein described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
10. Atubular lining of reinforced plastics mate
rial for use in the method claimed in any of the
preceding claims, comprising a tube having an inner
layer reinforced with a tissue made of filamentary
material and at least one further layer surrounding
the inner layer, said at least one further layer being
reinforced with chopped glass strand, the external
surface of the tube being reinforced with helical ribs
of plastics material reinforced with continuous glass
filaments, at least one of the ribs having a different
hand from the remaining rib or ribs.
11. A tubular lining according to claim 10, in
which said inner lining has a thickness of from 0.5 to
1 mm.
12. Atubular lining according to claim 10 or 11,
in which the or each further layer has a thickness of
from 1 to 1.5 mm.
13. Atubular lining according to any of claims 10
to 12, in which the tissue used for reinforcing said
inner layer consists of E glass filaments randomly
laid in a mat and held together with a binder.
14. A tubular lining according to any of claims 10
to 12, in which said inner layer is reinforced with a
polyester tissue or an acrylic tissue.
15. Atubular lining according to any of claims 10
to 14, in which the chopped glass strands used for
reinforcing the or each further layer are made from E
glass and have a length of approximately 5 cm.
16. A tubular lining according to any of claims 10
to 15, in which said helical ribs are formed from
bundles of continuous E glass filaments impre
gnated with synthetic resin.
17. Atubular lining according to any of claims 10
to 16, in which each of said helical ribs has a helix
angle of from 45#to 70%
18. Atubular lining for use in the method
claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, constructed and
arranged substantially as herein described with
reference to, and as illustrated in, Figures 1 and 5 of
the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8136314A GB2088516B (en) | 1980-12-03 | 1981-12-02 | Renovation of tunnels |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8038797 | 1980-12-03 | ||
| GB8136314A GB2088516B (en) | 1980-12-03 | 1981-12-02 | Renovation of tunnels |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2088516A true GB2088516A (en) | 1982-06-09 |
| GB2088516B GB2088516B (en) | 1984-04-11 |
Family
ID=26277715
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8136314A Expired GB2088516B (en) | 1980-12-03 | 1981-12-02 | Renovation of tunnels |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2088516B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0138446A1 (en) * | 1983-10-17 | 1985-04-24 | Inco Limited | Ground support coating |
| FR2600749A1 (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1987-12-31 | Hurner Sarl | Method for internally lining a pipeline, lining tube for implementing it, and method for producing this tube |
| US4796673A (en) * | 1986-04-15 | 1989-01-10 | Taisei Corporation | Reproduction process of the existing pipeline |
| EP1004811A2 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-05-31 | Simona Ag | Liner for use in renovating sewers and pipes |
| WO2000040836A1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2000-07-13 | Leiv Eiriksson Nyfotek As | Method for reducing frictional losses in tunnels |
| US7137757B1 (en) * | 2005-05-05 | 2006-11-21 | Cosban William C | Method and device for repairing or reinforcing an underground pipe |
| GB2462881A (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-03 | Channeline Internat Ltd | Sewer linings |
| WO2012020171A2 (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2012-02-16 | Oy Kwh Pipe Ab | Renovation module |
-
1981
- 1981-12-02 GB GB8136314A patent/GB2088516B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0138446A1 (en) * | 1983-10-17 | 1985-04-24 | Inco Limited | Ground support coating |
| US4796673A (en) * | 1986-04-15 | 1989-01-10 | Taisei Corporation | Reproduction process of the existing pipeline |
| FR2600749A1 (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1987-12-31 | Hurner Sarl | Method for internally lining a pipeline, lining tube for implementing it, and method for producing this tube |
| EP1004811A3 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2001-10-24 | CONDOR Rohr-System-Technik GmbH | Liner for use in renovating sewers and pipes |
| EP1004811A2 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-05-31 | Simona Ag | Liner for use in renovating sewers and pipes |
| JP2002534625A (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2002-10-15 | レイヴ エイリクソン ニフォテク エーエス | How to reduce friction loss in tunnels |
| WO2000040836A1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2000-07-13 | Leiv Eiriksson Nyfotek As | Method for reducing frictional losses in tunnels |
| CN1100923C (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2003-02-05 | 莱夫艾里克松尼弗泰克有限公司 | Method for reducing frictional losses in tunnels |
| US6533500B1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2003-03-18 | Leiv Eiriksson Nyfotek As | Method for reducing frictional losses in tunnels |
| US7137757B1 (en) * | 2005-05-05 | 2006-11-21 | Cosban William C | Method and device for repairing or reinforcing an underground pipe |
| US7241076B1 (en) * | 2005-05-05 | 2007-07-10 | Cosban William C | Method and device for repairing or reinforcing an underground pipe |
| WO2006121543A3 (en) * | 2005-05-05 | 2009-06-11 | William C Cosban | Method and device for repairing or reinforcing an underground pipe |
| GB2462881A (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-03 | Channeline Internat Ltd | Sewer linings |
| WO2012020171A2 (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2012-02-16 | Oy Kwh Pipe Ab | Renovation module |
| WO2012020171A3 (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2012-04-05 | Oy Kwh Pipe Ab | Renovation module |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2088516B (en) | 1984-04-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
