JP5084305B2 - LIGHT EMITTING ELEMENT, LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a current excitation type light emitting element. In addition, the present invention relates to a light-emitting device and an electronic device each having a light-emitting element.

In recent years, research and development of light-emitting elements using light-emitting organic compounds have been actively conducted. The basic structure of these light-emitting elements is such that a layer containing a light-emitting organic compound is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes. By applying a voltage to this element, electrons and holes are respectively injected from the pair of electrodes into the layer containing a light-emitting organic compound, and a current flows. Then, these carriers (electrons and holes) recombine, whereby the light-emitting organic compound forms an excited state, and emits light when the excited state returns to the ground state. Due to such a mechanism, such a light-emitting element is referred to as a current-excitation light-emitting element.

Note that the excited states formed by the organic compound can be singlet excited state or triplet excited state. Light emission from the singlet excited state is called fluorescence, and light emission from the triplet excited state is called phosphorescence. ing.

Such a light-emitting element is formed of an organic thin film having a thickness of, for example, about 0.1 μm. In addition, since the time from the injection of the carrier to the light emission is about 1 μsec or less, one of the features is that the response speed is very fast. These characteristics are considered suitable for flat panel display elements.

In addition, since these light-emitting elements are formed in a film shape, planar light emission can be easily obtained by forming a large-area element. This is a feature that is difficult to obtain with a point light source typified by an incandescent bulb or LED, or a line light source typified by a fluorescent lamp, and therefore has a high utility value as a surface light source applicable to illumination or the like.

  In such a light emitting element, usually, at least one of a pair of electrodes is formed of a light transmitting material, and the other is formed of various materials. Light emitted from the light-emitting substance passes through an electrode formed of a light-transmitting material and is extracted outside.

  However, when a material with high reflectivity is used as the other electrode, the electrode formed of the material with high reflectivity also reflects light from the outside, resulting in a problem that the contrast is lowered. .

  In order to solve the problem that the contrast is lowered, a configuration in which a polarizing element, a quarter wavelength plate, and the like are provided outside the light emitting element has been proposed.

  However, when a polarizing element or a wave plate is used, problems such as a change in chromaticity characteristics due to the wavelength dependence of the wave plate and a viewing angle dependence arise. In addition, the provision of components such as a polarizing element and a wave plate increases the cost and complicates the manufacturing process.

  In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting element that realizes high contrast. In particular, it is an object to provide a light-emitting element with high contrast and easy to manufacture. Another object is to provide a light-emitting device that achieves high contrast by using a light-emitting element with excellent contrast.

  As a result of intensive studies, the inventors of the present invention, in a light emitting element having a light emitting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, emit light when the first electrode is a light-transmitting electrode. It has been found that a problem can be solved by providing a layer that absorbs visible light between the layer and the second electrode. In particular, it has been found that the configuration of the present invention is effective when the second electrode has a high reflectance.

  That is, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a layer containing a light-emitting substance is provided between a first electrode and a second electrode, and the layer containing a light-emitting substance is a layer containing a light-emitting layer and a first organic compound. And a layer containing a second organic compound, the first electrode has a light-transmitting property, and a layer containing the first organic compound is interposed between the second electrode and the light-emitting layer, And a layer containing a second organic compound, wherein the color of the first organic compound and the color of the second organic compound are complementary to each other.

  Another embodiment of the present invention includes a layer containing a light-emitting substance between a first electrode and a second electrode, and the layer containing a light-emitting substance includes a light-emitting layer and a layer containing a first organic compound. And a layer containing a second organic compound, the first electrode has a light-transmitting property, and a layer containing the first organic compound is interposed between the second electrode and the light-emitting layer, A layer containing a second organic compound, the first organic compound has an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 380 nm or more and less than 540 nm, and the second organic compound has an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 540 nm or more and 760 nm or less. It is a light emitting element characterized by having.

  Another embodiment of the present invention includes a layer containing a light-emitting substance between a first electrode and a second electrode, and the layer containing a light-emitting substance includes a light-emitting layer and a layer containing a first organic compound. And a layer containing a second organic compound, the first electrode is light-transmitting, and a layer containing the first organic compound and the first electrode are interposed between the second electrode and the light-emitting layer. The first organic compound is a 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid derivative, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid derivative, naphthacene derivative, It is any of nickel complexes, and the second organic compound is any one of a phthalocyanine derivative, a pentacene derivative, a 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole derivative, and a violanthrone derivative. It is a light emitting element.

  In the above structure, a third layer containing a conductive material is preferably provided between the layer containing the first organic compound and the layer containing the second organic compound. Examples of the conductive material include indium oxide-tin oxide, indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon or silicon oxide, indium oxide-zinc oxide, indium oxide-tin oxide containing tungsten oxide, and zinc oxide.

  In the above structure, it is preferable that a third layer containing a semiconductor material be provided between the layer containing the first organic compound and the layer containing the second organic compound. Semiconductor materials include titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, rhenium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, tin Examples thereof include oxides, zinc sulfides, gallium nitrides, and gallium aluminum nitrides.

  Another embodiment of the present invention includes a layer containing a light-emitting substance between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the layer containing the light-emitting substance includes a light-emitting layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, and a P-type layer. A first electrode, a light-emitting layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode has a light-transmitting property and is N-type. The light emitting element is characterized in that the color of the semiconductor layer and the P-type semiconductor layer have a complementary color relationship.

  Another embodiment of the present invention includes a layer containing a light-emitting substance between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the layer containing the light-emitting substance includes a light-emitting layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, and a P-type layer. A first electrode, a light-emitting layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode has a light-transmitting property and is N-type. The semiconductor layer is a light-emitting element having an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 380 nm to less than 540 nm and a P-type semiconductor layer having an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 540 nm to 760 nm.

  Another embodiment of the present invention includes a layer containing a light-emitting substance between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the layer containing the light-emitting substance includes a light-emitting layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, and a P-type layer. A first electrode, a light-emitting layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode has a light-transmitting property and is N-type. The semiconductor layer comprises 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide, N, N′-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylene. It includes any of tetracarboxylic acid diimide, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide, and the P-type semiconductor layer includes phthalocyanine, copper phthalocyanine , Zinc phthalocyanine, vanadyl phthalocyanine, titanyl Roshianin is a light-emitting element which comprises nickel phthalocyanine, pentacene, any of 6,13-diphenyl pentacene.

  Another embodiment of the present invention includes a layer containing a light-emitting substance between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the layer containing the light-emitting substance includes a light-emitting layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, and a P-type layer. A first electrode, a light-emitting layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode has a light-transmitting property and is N-type. The semiconductor layer is a light-emitting element having an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 540 nm to 760 nm and a P-type semiconductor layer having an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 380 nm to less than 540 nm.

  Another embodiment of the present invention includes a layer containing a light-emitting substance between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the layer containing the light-emitting substance includes a light-emitting layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, and a P-type layer. A first electrode, a light-emitting layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode has a light-transmitting property and is N-type. The semiconductor layers are (1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,24,25-hexadecafluorophthalocyaninato) copper, (1,2 , 3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,24,25-hexadecafluorophthalocyaninato) zinc, perfluoropentacene, 3,4,9,10- Any one of perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazoles, and the P-type semiconductor layer is composed of naphthacene, 5,1 - is a light-emitting element which comprises diphenyl naphthacene, one of rubrene.

  Another embodiment of the present invention includes a layer containing a light-emitting substance between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the layer containing the light-emitting substance includes a light-emitting layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, and an N-type layer. A first electrode, a light emitting layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode has a light-transmitting property, and is P-type. The light emitting element is characterized in that the color of the semiconductor layer and the color of the N-type semiconductor layer are in a complementary relationship.

  Another embodiment of the present invention includes a layer containing a light-emitting substance between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the layer containing the light-emitting substance includes a light-emitting layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, and an N-type layer. A first electrode, a light emitting layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode has a light-transmitting property, and is P-type. The light-emitting element is characterized in that the semiconductor layer has an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 380 nm to less than 540 nm, and the N-type semiconductor layer has an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 540 nm to 760 nm.

  Another embodiment of the present invention includes a layer containing a light-emitting substance between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the layer containing the light-emitting substance includes a light-emitting layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, and an N-type layer. A first electrode, a light emitting layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode has a light-transmitting property, and is P-type. The semiconductor layer includes any one of naphthacene, 5,12-diphenylnaphthacene, and rubrene, and the N-type semiconductor layer includes (1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18,22,23,24,25-hexadecafluorophthalocyaninato) copper, (1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,24, 25-hexadecafluorophthalocyaninato) zinc, perfluoropentacene, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracar Carboxymethyl is a light-emitting device characterized by comprising any of Rick bisbenzimidazole.

  Another embodiment of the present invention includes a layer containing a light-emitting substance between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the layer containing the light-emitting substance includes a light-emitting layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, and an N-type layer. A first electrode, a light emitting layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode has a light-transmitting property, and is P-type. The light-emitting element is characterized in that the semiconductor layer has an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 540 nm to 760 nm and the N-type semiconductor layer has an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 380 nm to less than 540 nm.

  Another embodiment of the present invention includes a layer containing a light-emitting substance between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the layer containing the light-emitting substance includes a light-emitting layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, and an N-type layer. A first electrode, a light emitting layer, a P-type semiconductor layer, an N-type semiconductor layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode has a light-transmitting property, and is P-type. The semiconductor layer includes one of phthalocyanine, copper phthalocyanine, zinc phthalocyanine, vanadyl phthalocyanine, titanyl phthalocyanine, nickel phthalocyanine, pentacene, and 6,13-diphenylpentacene, and the N-type semiconductor layer includes 3,4,9,10-perylene. Tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide, N, N′-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide, 1,4,5,8- Naphtha Emissions tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a light-emitting device characterized by comprising any of 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide.

  In the above structure, a third layer containing a conductive material is preferably provided between the P-type semiconductor layer and the N-type semiconductor layer. Examples of the conductive material include indium oxide-tin oxide, indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon or silicon oxide, indium oxide-zinc oxide, indium oxide-tin oxide containing tungsten oxide, and zinc oxide.

  In the above structure, a third layer containing a semiconductor material is preferably provided between the P-type semiconductor layer and the N-type semiconductor layer. Semiconductor materials include titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, rhenium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, tin Examples thereof include oxides, zinc sulfides, gallium nitrides, and gallium aluminum nitrides.

  In the above structure, the P-type semiconductor layer preferably further includes an acceptor substance. Examples of the acceptor substance include 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroquinodimethane, chloranil and the like. Moreover, a transition metal oxide is mentioned. For example, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, rhenium oxide, or the like can be used.

  In the above structure, the N-type semiconductor layer preferably further includes a donor substance. As the donor substance, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, or a metal belonging to Group 13 in the periodic table can be given. For example, lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), ytterbium (Yb), and indium (In) can be used.

  The present invention also includes a light emitting device having the above-described light emitting element. The light-emitting device in this specification includes an image display device, a light-emitting device, or a light source (including a lighting device). Also, a panel in which a light emitting element is formed and a connector, for example, a FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) or TAB (Tape Automated Bonding) tape or TCP (Tape Carrier Package) tape, a printed wiring board on the end of a TAB tape or TCP The light-emitting device also includes a module provided with an IC or an IC (integrated circuit) directly mounted on a light-emitting element by a COG (Chip On Glass) method.

  An electronic device using the light-emitting element of the present invention for the display portion is also included in the category of the present invention. Therefore, an electronic device according to the present invention includes a display portion, and the display portion includes the above-described light emitting element and a control unit that controls light emission of the light emitting element.

  In the light-emitting element of the present invention, by providing a layer that absorbs light emission between the light-emitting region and the electrode, reflected light at the electrode can be reduced, and high contrast can be realized.

  In addition, since the light-emitting device of the present invention includes a light-emitting element with excellent contrast, high contrast can be realized.

  Moreover, the light emitting element of this invention can improve contrast, without using a polarizing plate, a quarter wavelength plate, etc. outside. Therefore, contrast can be improved without increasing the number of steps. In addition, since it is not necessary to use a polarizing plate, a quarter-wave plate, or the like, a high-contrast light-emitting element can be manufactured at low cost.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description, and it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that modes and details can be variously changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the description of the embodiments below.

  Note that in this specification, the term “composite” means that not only two materials are mixed but also a state in which charges can be transferred between the materials by mixing a plurality of materials.

(Embodiment 1)
The light-emitting element of the present invention includes a layer containing a light-emitting substance between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the layer containing the light-emitting substance includes the light-emitting layer, the first layer, and the second layer. The first electrode has a light-transmitting property, and has the first layer and the second layer between the second electrode and the light-emitting layer. In this embodiment mode, a first layer and a second layer included in the light-emitting element of the present invention will be described.

The first layer and the second layer are layers that include an organic compound having an absorption peak in the visible light region and absorb visible light. The first layer has a first organic compound, and the second layer has a second organic compound. The color of the first organic compound and the color of the second organic compound are complementary to each other. Therefore, the stacked body in which the first layer and the second layer are stacked can absorb visible light over a wide wavelength region. Specifically, the first organic compound has an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 380 to 540 nm, and the second organic compound has an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 540 to 760 nm.

  As the first organic compound contained in the first layer, an organic compound having an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 380 nm or more and less than 540 nm may be used, and various materials can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use an organic compound having excellent carrier transportability. Specific examples include 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid derivatives, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid derivatives, naphthacene derivatives, nickel complexes, and the like. For example, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (abbreviation: PTCDA), 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (abbreviation: PTCDI), N, N′-dimethyl-3 , 4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (abbreviation: Me-PTCDI), 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (abbreviation: NTCDA), 1,4,5,8-naphthalene Tetracarboxylic acid diimide (abbreviation: NTCDI), naphthacene, 5,12-diphenylnaphthacene, rubrene, N, N′-disalicylideneethylenediaminatonickel (II) (abbreviation: [Ni (salen)]), N , N′-disalicylidene-o-phenylenedialuminato nickel (II) (abbreviation: [Ni (saloph)]) and the like. The structural formulas of these organic compounds are shown below.

As the second organic compound contained in the second layer, an organic compound having an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 540 nm to 760 nm may be used, and various materials can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use an organic compound having excellent carrier transportability. Specific examples include phthalocyanine derivatives, pentacene derivatives, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole derivatives, violanthrone derivatives, and the like. For example, phthalocyanine (abbreviation: H ₂ Pc), copper phthalocyanine (abbreviation: CuPc), zinc phthalocyanine (abbreviation: ZnPc), vanadyl phthalocyanine (abbreviation: VOPc), titanyl phthalocyanine (abbreviation: TiOPc), nickel phthalocyanine (abbreviation: NiPc) , (1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,24,25- hexadecafluoro lid Russia Nina g) copper _{(abbreviation:} F 16 -CuPc) , (1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,24,25- hexadecafluoro lid Russia Nina vii) zinc _{(abbreviation:} F 16 -ZnPc) , Pentacene, 6,13-diphenylpentacene, perfluoropentacene, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxyl Cubisbenzimidazole (abbreviation: PTCBI, bisbenzimidazo [2,1-a: 2 ′, 1′-a] anthra [2,1,9-def: 6,5,10-d′e′f ′]) Diisoquinoline-10,21-dione), violanthrone, isoviolanthrone and the like. The structural formulas of these organic compounds are shown below.

  The first layer and the second layer are provided on the side opposite to the light-transmitting electrode (first electrode) with respect to the light-emitting layer. That is, it is provided on the side opposite to the electrode (first electrode) that extracts light emitted from the light emitting layer to the outside. Therefore, when the second electrode is an electrode having high reflectance, light emitted from the light-emitting layer and light from the outside can be absorbed by the first layer and the second layer. Thus, reflected light from the second electrode can be reduced and the contrast of the light-emitting element can be improved.

  By increasing the thickness of the first layer and / or the second layer, the absorbance in the visible light region can be increased. When the absorbance in the visible light region is increased, light emitted from the light emitting layer can be absorbed more. Therefore, the contrast of the light emitting element can be further improved.

  Further, a donor substance or an acceptor substance may be added to the first layer and / or the second layer. By adding a donor substance or an acceptor substance, conductivity can be improved and a driving voltage of the light-emitting element can be reduced. In particular, when the first layer and / or the second layer are thickened, an increase in driving voltage can be suppressed by adding a donor substance or an acceptor substance. Therefore, it is possible to further improve the contrast while suppressing an increase in drive voltage.

As the donor substance, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, a metal belonging to Group 13 of the periodic table, or an oxide or carbonate thereof can be used. Specifically, lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), ytterbium (Yb), indium (In), lithium oxide (LiOx), cesium carbonate (CsCO ₃ ), etc. Can be used.

Examples of the acceptor substance include 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroquinodimethane (abbreviation: F ₄ -TCNQ), chloranil, and the like.

  An example of the acceptor substance is a transition metal oxide. In addition, oxides of metals belonging to Groups 4 to 8 in the periodic table can be given. Specifically, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide are preferable because of their high electron accepting properties. Among these, molybdenum oxide is particularly preferable because it is stable in the air, has a low hygroscopic property, and is easy to handle.

  Note that the stacking order of the first layer and the second layer is not particularly limited. For example, a light-transmitting electrode (first electrode), a light-emitting layer, a first layer, a second layer, and a second electrode may be provided in this order, or a light-transmitting electrode (first electrode) Electrode), the light emitting layer, the second layer, the first layer, and the second electrode may be provided in this order.

  Further, a layer containing a semiconductor material or a conductive material may be provided between the first layer and the second layer. Examples of the conductive material include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon or silicon oxide, indium zinc oxide (IZO), tungsten oxide, and tungsten oxide. Examples thereof include indium oxide containing zinc oxide (IWZO). Further, for example, a metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), or the like having a thickness of about 1 nm to 50 nm, preferably about 5 nm to 20 nm may be used so as to have translucency. As semiconductor materials, titanium oxide (TiOx), vanadium oxide (VOx), niobium oxide (NbOx), molybdenum oxide (MoOx), tungsten oxide (WOx), rhenium oxide (ReOx), ruthenium Oxide (RuOx), cobalt oxide (CoOx), nickel oxide (NiOx), zinc oxide (ZnOx), copper oxide (CuOx), tin oxide (SnOx), zinc sulfide (ZnS), gallium nitride (GaN), gallium aluminum nitride (AlGaN), and the like.

  In addition, as a method for forming the first layer and the second layer, any method may be used regardless of a wet method or a dry method. For example, a vacuum deposition method, an ink jet method, a spin coating method, or the like can be used.

  Note that this embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments as appropriate.

(Embodiment 2)
In this embodiment, one embodiment of a light-emitting element having a layer that absorbs visible light described in Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The light-emitting element of the present invention has a plurality of layers between a pair of electrodes. The plurality of layers have a high carrier injecting property and a high carrier transporting property so that a light emitting region is formed at a distance from the electrode, that is, a carrier is recombined at a position away from the electrode. It is a combination of layers of materials. Hereinafter, the layer formed between the electrodes is referred to as a layer containing a light emitting substance.

  In this embodiment, the light-emitting element includes the first electrode 102, the first layer 103, the second layer 104, and the third layer 105 that are sequentially stacked over the first electrode 102. The second electrode 106 is formed. Note that in this embodiment mode, the first electrode 102 functions as an anode and the second electrode 106 functions as a cathode.

  The substrate 101 is used as a support for the light emitting element. As the substrate 101, for example, glass or plastic can be used. Note that other materials may be used as long as the light-emitting element functions as a support in the manufacturing process.

  The first electrode 102 is preferably a highly light-transmitting electrode. In addition, it is preferable to use a metal, an alloy, a conductive compound, a mixture thereof, or the like having a high work function (specifically, 4.0 eV or more). Specifically, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon or silicon oxide, indium zinc oxide (IZO), tungsten oxide, and oxide. Examples thereof include indium oxide containing zinc (IWZO). These conductive metal oxide films are usually formed by sputtering, but may be formed by applying a sol-gel method or the like. For example, indium oxide-zinc oxide (IZO) can be formed by a sputtering method using a target in which 1 to 20 wt% of zinc oxide is added to indium oxide. Indium oxide containing tungsten oxide and zinc oxide (IWZO) is formed by sputtering using a target containing 0.5 to 5 wt% tungsten oxide and 0.1 to 1 wt% zinc oxide with respect to indium oxide. can do. In addition, gold (Au), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), tungsten (W), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), palladium ( Pd) or a nitride of a metal material (for example, titanium nitride: TiN) or the like can be used as the first electrode 102 by forming a film with a thickness of about 1 nm to 50 nm, preferably about 5 nm to 20 nm.

  The first layer 103 is a layer containing a light-emitting substance. The first layer 103 may be configured as a single layer or may be configured such that a plurality of layers are stacked. There is no particular limitation on the layered structure of the layers, and a substance having a high electron transport property or a substance having a high hole transport property, a substance having a high electron injection property, a substance having a high hole injection property, or a bipolar property (transport of electrons and holes) A layer composed of a substance having a high property) may be appropriately combined. For example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole blocking layer (hole blocking layer), a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and the like can be combined as appropriate. The materials constituting each layer are specifically shown below.

The hole injection layer is a layer containing a substance having a high hole injection property. As the substance having a high hole injection property, molybdenum oxide (MoOx), vanadium oxide (VOx), ruthenium oxide (RuOx), tungsten oxide (WOx), manganese oxide (MnOx), or the like can be used. . In addition, phthalocyanine compounds such as phthalocyanine (abbreviation: H ₂ Pc) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), or poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT / PSS) The hole injection layer can also be formed by a polymer or the like.

For the hole injection layer, a composite material in which an acceptor substance is contained in a substance having a high hole-transport property can be used. Note that by using a substance having an acceptor substance contained in a substance having a high hole-transport property, a material for forming an electrode can be selected regardless of the work function of the electrode. That is, not only a material with a high work function but also a material with a low work function can be used for the first electrode 102. As the acceptor substance, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroquinodimethane (abbreviation: F ₄ -TCNQ), chloranil, and the like can be given. Moreover, a transition metal oxide can be mentioned. In addition, oxides of metals belonging to Groups 4 to 8 in the periodic table can be given. Specifically, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide are preferable because of their high electron accepting properties. Among these, molybdenum oxide is especially preferable because it is stable in the air, has a low hygroscopic property, and is easy to handle.

As the organic compound used for the composite material, various compounds such as an aromatic amine compound, a carbazole derivative, an aromatic hydrocarbon, and a high molecular compound (such as an oligomer, a dendrimer, and a polymer) can be used. Note that the organic compound used for the composite material is preferably an organic compound having a high hole-transport property. Specifically, a substance having a hole mobility of 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / Vs or higher is preferable. Note that other than these substances, any substance that has a property of transporting more holes than electrons may be used. Below, the organic compound which can be used for a composite material is listed concretely.

  For example, as an aromatic amine compound, N, N′-bis (4-methylphenyl) (p-tolyl) -N, N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: DTDPPA), 4,4′-bis [N- (4-diphenylaminophenyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: DPAB), 4,4′-bis (N- {4- [N ′-(3-methylphenyl) -N′-phenyl] Amino] phenyl} -N-phenylamino) biphenyl (abbreviation: DNTPD), 1,3,5-tris [N- (4-diphenylaminophenyl) -N-phenylamino] benzene (abbreviation: DPA3B), etc. Can do.

  Specific examples of the carbazole derivative that can be used for the composite material include 3- [N- (9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl) -N-phenylamino] -9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA1), 3 , 6-Bis [N- (9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl) -N-phenylamino] -9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA2), 3- [N- (1-naphthyl) -N- (9- Phenylcarbazol-3-yl) amino] -9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCN1) and the like.

  In addition, 4,4′-di (N-carbazolyl) biphenyl (abbreviation: CBP), 1,3,5-tris [4- (N-carbazolyl) phenyl] benzene (abbreviation: TCPB), 9- [4- ( N-carbazolyl)] phenyl-10-phenylanthracene (abbreviation: CzPA), 1,4-bis [4- (N-carbazolyl) phenyl] -2,3,5,6-tetraphenylbenzene, and the like can be used. .

Examples of aromatic hydrocarbons that can be used for the composite material include 2-tert-butyl-9,10-di (2-naphthyl) anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDNA), 2-tert-butyl-9. , 10-di (1-naphthyl) anthracene, 9,10-bis (3,5-diphenylphenyl) anthracene (abbreviation: DPPA), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis (4-phenylphenyl) anthracene ( Abbreviations: t-BuDBA), 9,10-di (2-naphthyl) anthracene (abbreviation: DNA), 9,10-diphenylanthracene (abbreviation: DPAnth), 2-tert-butylanthracene (abbreviation: t-BuAnth), 9,10-bis (4-methyl-1-naphthyl) anthracene (abbreviation: DMNA), 9,10-bis [2- (1- Butyl) phenyl] -2-tert-butyl-anthracene, 9,10-bis [2- (1-naphthyl) phenyl] anthracene, 2,3,6,7-tetramethyl-9,10-di (1-naphthyl) ) Anthracene, 2,3,6,7-tetramethyl-9,10-di (2-naphthyl) anthracene, 9,9′-bianthryl, 10,10′-diphenyl-9,9′-bianthryl, 10,10 '-Bis (2-phenylphenyl) -9,9'-bianthryl, 10,10'-bis [(2,3,4,5,6-pentaphenyl) phenyl] -9,9'-bianthryl, anthracene, Examples include tetracene, rubrene, perylene, 2,5,8,11-tetra (tert-butyl) perylene, and the like. In addition, pentacene, coronene, and the like can also be used. In particular, it is more preferable to use an aromatic hydrocarbon having a hole mobility of 1 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / Vs or more and having 14 to 42 carbon atoms.

  Note that the aromatic hydrocarbon that can be used for the composite material may have a vinyl skeleton. As the aromatic hydrocarbon having a vinyl group, for example, 4,4′-bis (2,2-diphenylvinyl) biphenyl (abbreviation: DPVBi), 9,10-bis [4- (2,2- Diphenylvinyl) phenyl] anthracene (abbreviation: DPVPA) and the like.

  Alternatively, a high molecular compound such as poly (N-vinylcarbazole) (abbreviation: PVK) or poly (4-vinyltriphenylamine) (abbreviation: PVTPA) can be used.

The hole transport layer is a layer containing a substance having a high hole transport property. As a substance having a high hole-transport property, for example, 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB or α-NPD), N, N′-bis ( 3-methylphenyl) -N, N′-diphenyl- [1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diamine (abbreviation: TPD), 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tris (N, N-diphenyl) Amino) triphenylamine (abbreviation: TDATA), 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tris [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino] triphenylamine (abbreviation: MTDATA), 4,4′- An aromatic amine compound such as bis [N- (spiro-9,9′-bifluoren-2-yl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: BSPB) can be used. The substances described here are mainly substances having a hole mobility of 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / Vs or higher. Note that other than these substances, any substance that has a property of transporting more holes than electrons may be used. Note that the layer containing a substance having a high hole-transport property is not limited to a single layer, and two or more layers containing the above substances may be stacked.

The light-emitting layer is a layer including a substance having high light-emitting properties, and various materials can be used. For example, a substance having high luminescence, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (abbreviation: Alq), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-di (2-naphthyl) anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDNA), 4,4 It is configured by freely combining materials having high carrier transportability and good film quality (that is, difficult to crystallize) such as' -bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB). Specific examples of the highly luminescent substance include N, N′-dimethylquinacridone (abbreviation: DMQd), N, N′-diphenylquinacridone (abbreviation: DPQd), and coumarin 6, 4- (dicyanomethylene) -2. -Methyl-6- (p-dimethylaminostyryl) -4H-pyran (abbreviation: DCM1), 4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6- [2- (julolidin-9-yl) vinyl] -4H- Singlet light emitting materials (fluorescent materials) such as pyran (abbreviation: DCM2), 9,10-diphenylanthracene, 5,12-diphenyltetracene (abbreviation: DPT), perylene, rubrene, and bis [2- (2′-benzo [4,5-a] thienyl) pyridinato -N, ^{C 3} '] iridium (acetylacetonate) (abbreviation: _Ir (btp) 2 (acac)) triplet onset of such Or the like can be used material (phosphorescent material). However, since Alq and DNA are substances having high light-emitting properties, a structure in which these substances are used alone may be used as the third layer 105.

The electron transport layer is a layer containing a substance having a high electron transport property. For example, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (abbreviation: Alq), tris (4-methyl-8-quinolinolato) aluminum (abbreviation: Almq ₃ ), bis (10-hydroxybenzo [h] quinolinato) beryllium (abbreviation: BeBq ₂ ), Bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) (4-phenylphenolato) aluminum (abbreviation: BAlq), and the like, a layer made of a metal complex having a quinoline skeleton or a benzoquinoline skeleton. In addition, bis [2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazolate] zinc (abbreviation: Zn (BOX) ₂ ), bis [2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazolate] zinc (abbreviation: Zn (BTZ)) A metal complex having an oxazole-based or thiazole-based ligand such as ₂ ) can also be used. In addition to metal complexes, 2- (4-biphenylyl) -5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole (abbreviation: PBD), 1,3-bis [5 -(P-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl] benzene (abbreviation: OXD-7), 3- (4-biphenylyl) -4-phenyl-5- (4- tert-Butylphenyl) -1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: TAZ), bathophenanthroline (abbreviation: BPhen), bathocuproin (abbreviation: BCP), and the like can also be used. The substances mentioned here are mainly substances having an electron mobility of 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / Vs or higher. Note that other than the above substances, any substance that has a property of transporting more electrons than holes may be used for the electron-transport layer. Further, the electron-transport layer is not limited to a single layer, and two or more layers including the above substances may be stacked.

Further, an electron injection layer may be provided. As the electron injection layer, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal such as lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), calcium fluoride (CaF ₂ ), or the like can be used. For example, a layer made of a substance having an electron transporting property containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal or a compound thereof, for example, a layer containing magnesium (Mg) in Alq can be used. Note that as the electron injection layer, a layer made of a substance having an electron transporting property containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal is used, whereby an electron injection from the N-type semiconductor layer which is the second layer 104 is performed. Is more preferable because it is performed efficiently.

  The second layer 104 is an N-type semiconductor layer. As the second layer 104, an organic compound having an absorption peak in the visible light region described in Embodiment 1 may be used to form a layer that functions as an N-type semiconductor. Note that the second layer 104 is not limited to a single layer, and may have a structure in which a plurality of layers are stacked.

  The third layer 105 is a P-type semiconductor layer. As the third layer 105, an organic compound having an absorption peak in the visible light region described in Embodiment Mode 1 may be used to form a layer functioning as a P-type semiconductor. Note that the third layer 105 is not limited to a single layer, and may have a structure in which a plurality of layers are stacked.

  Note that the color of the second layer 104 and the color of the third layer 105 are preferably in a complementary color relationship. That is, one of the material forming the second layer 104 and the material forming the third layer 105 has an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 380 nm to less than 540 nm, and the other has a wavelength of 540 nm to 760 nm. It preferably has an absorption peak in the wavelength region.

More specifically, when a substance having an absorption peak in the wavelength region of 380 nm to less than 540 nm is used for the second layer 104, a material having an absorption peak in the wavelength region of 540 nm to 760 nm is used for the third layer 105. It is preferable. In the case of such a combination, for example, the second layer 104 includes 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (abbreviation: PTCDA), 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid. Diimide (abbreviation: PTCDI), N, N′-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (abbreviation: Me-PTCDI), 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (Abbreviation: NTCDA), 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (abbreviation: NTCDI), or the like can be used. The third layer 105 includes phthalocyanine (abbreviation: H ₂ Pc), copper phthalocyanine (abbreviation: CuPc), zinc phthalocyanine (abbreviation: ZnPc), vanadyl phthalocyanine (abbreviation: VOPc), titanyl phthalocyanine (abbreviation: TiOPc), nickel Phthalocyanine (abbreviation: NiPc), pentacene, 6,13-diphenylpentacene, or the like can be used.

In the case where a substance having an absorption peak in the wavelength region of 540 nm to 760 nm is used for the second layer 104, a material having an absorption peak in the wavelength region of 380 nm to less than 540 nm is preferably used for the third layer 105. In the case of such a combination, for example, the second layer 104 includes (1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, 25- hexadecafluorovanadyl lid Russia Nina g) copper _{(abbreviation:} F 16 -CuPc, (1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,24,25- hexa decafluoro phthalocyaninato Nina g) zinc _{(abbreviation:} F 16 -ZnPc), perfluoropentacene, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-bis-benzimidazole (abbreviation:. PTCBI), or the like can be used a third For the layer 105, naphthacene, 5,12-diphenylnaphthacene, rubrene, or the like can be used.

  With such a structure, the stacked body in which the second layer 104 and the third layer 105 are stacked can absorb visible light over a wide wavelength region. Accordingly, light reflected by the second electrode 106 can be reduced, so that contrast of the light-emitting element can be improved.

Note that a donor substance may be further added to the N-type semiconductor layer. By adding a donor substance, the conductivity of the N-type semiconductor layer can be increased, so that the driving voltage of the light-emitting element can be reduced. As the donor substance, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, a metal belonging to Group 13 of the periodic table, or an oxide or carbonate thereof can be used. Specifically, lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), ytterbium (Yb), indium (In), lithium oxide (LiOx), cesium carbonate (CsCO ₃ ), etc. It is preferable to use it.

Further, an acceptor substance may be further added to the P-type semiconductor layer. By adding the acceptor substance, the conductivity of the P-type semiconductor layer can be increased, so that the driving voltage of the light-emitting element can be reduced. As the acceptor substance, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroquinodimethane (abbreviation: F ₄ -TCNQ), chloranil, and the like can be given. Moreover, a transition metal oxide can be mentioned. In addition, oxides of metals belonging to Groups 4 to 8 in the periodic table can be given. Specifically, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide are preferable because of their high electron accepting properties. Among these, molybdenum oxide is especially preferable because it is stable in the air, has a low hygroscopic property, and is easy to handle.

  Further, by using a P-type semiconductor layer to which an acceptor substance is added and / or an N-type semiconductor layer to which a donor substance is added, the driving voltage can be increased even if the P-type semiconductor layer and / or the N-type semiconductor layer is thickened. Can be suppressed. Therefore, by increasing the thickness of the P-type semiconductor layer and / or the N-type semiconductor layer, a short circuit due to a minute foreign matter or an impact can be prevented, so that a highly reliable light-emitting element can be obtained. For example, a film thickness between electrodes of a normal light emitting element is 100 nm to 150 nm, whereas a light emitting element using a P-type semiconductor layer and an N-type semiconductor layer is 100 to 500 nm, preferably 200 to 500 nm. be able to.

  In addition, the P-type semiconductor layer to which the acceptor substance is added and the N-type semiconductor layer to which the donor substance is added have a small contact resistance with the electrode. Therefore, the electrode material can be selected without considering the work function or the like, and the choice of the electrode material is expanded.

  As the second electrode 106, various metals, alloys, electrically conductive compounds, and mixtures thereof can be used. For example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon or silicon oxide, indium zinc oxide (IZO), oxide containing tungsten oxide and zinc oxide. Indium (IWZO) and the like can be given. These conductive metal oxide films are usually formed by sputtering. For example, indium oxide-zinc oxide (IZO) can be formed by a sputtering method using a target in which 1 to 20 wt% of zinc oxide is added to indium oxide. Indium oxide containing tungsten oxide and zinc oxide (IWZO) is formed by sputtering using a target containing 0.5 to 5 wt% tungsten oxide and 0.1 to 1 wt% zinc oxide with respect to indium oxide. can do. In addition, gold (Au), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), tungsten (W), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), titanium (Ti), copper ( Cu), palladium (Pd), aluminum (Al), aluminum-silicon (Al-Si), aluminum-titanium (Al-Ti), aluminum-silicon-copper (Al-Si-Cu) or a nitride of a metal material ( TiN) or the like can be used.

  Various methods can be used for forming the first layer 103, the second layer 104, and the third layer 105. For example, a vacuum deposition method, an ink jet method, a spin coating method, or the like may be used. Moreover, you may form using the different film-forming method for each electrode or each layer.

  The light-emitting element of the present invention having the above structure is a first layer that contains a highly light-emitting substance because current flows due to a potential difference generated between the first electrode 102 and the second electrode 106. In the layer 103, holes and electrons recombine to emit light. That is, a light emitting region is formed in the first layer 103.

  In the light-emitting element illustrated in FIG. 1, emitted light is extracted outside through the first electrode 102. Therefore, the first electrode 102 is made of a light-transmitting material. Therefore, light emission is extracted from the substrate side through the first electrode 102.

  Note that the structure of the layers provided between the first electrode 102 and the second electrode 106 is not limited to the above. A structure in which holes and electrons are recombined at a site away from the first electrode 102 and the second electrode 106 so that quenching caused by the proximity of the light emitting region and the metal is suppressed. As long as it has the second layer 104 and the third layer 105 which absorb visible light, other than the above may be used.

In other words, the layered structure of the layers is not particularly limited, and a substance having a high electron transporting property or a substance having a high hole transporting property, a substance having a high electron injecting property, a substance having a high hole injecting property, or a bipolar property (electron and hole) A layer made of a substance having a high transportability) may be freely combined with the second layer 104 and the third layer 105 that absorb visible light. Alternatively, a carrier recombination site may be controlled by providing a layer made of a silicon oxide film or the like over the first electrode 102.

  Alternatively, the layers may be stacked in the reverse order to the configuration illustrated in FIG. 1 and light emission may be extracted from the side opposite to the substrate. 2 includes a third layer 105 which is a P-type semiconductor layer, a second layer 104 which is an N-type semiconductor layer, and a light-emitting substance over the second electrode 106 which functions as a cathode. The first layer 103 which is a layer including the first electrode 102 which functions as an anode is sequentially stacked. In the case of the structure illustrated in FIG. 2, light emission from the first layer 103 is extracted to the outside from the first electrode side that is the side opposite to the substrate 101.

  In addition, a fourth layer 107 may be provided between the second layer 104 and the third layer 105 as shown in FIG. By providing the fourth layer 107, the driving voltage can be reduced. As a material for forming the fourth layer 107, a semiconductor material or a conductive material can be used. Examples of the conductive material include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon or silicon oxide, indium zinc oxide (IZO), tungsten oxide, and tungsten oxide. Examples thereof include indium oxide containing zinc oxide (IWZO). Further, for example, a metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), or the like having a thickness of about 1 nm to 50 nm, preferably about 5 nm to 20 nm may be used so as to have translucency. As semiconductor materials, titanium oxide (TiOx), vanadium oxide (VOx), niobium oxide (NbOx), molybdenum oxide (MoOx), tungsten oxide (WOx), rhenium oxide (ReOx), ruthenium Oxide (RuOx), cobalt oxide (CoOx), nickel oxide (NiOx), zinc oxide (ZnOx), copper oxide (CuOx), tin oxide (SnOx), zinc sulfide (ZnS), gallium nitride (GaN), gallium aluminum nitride (AlGaN), and the like.

  In this embodiment mode, a light-emitting element is manufactured over a substrate made of glass, plastic, or the like. A passive light-emitting device can be manufactured by manufacturing a plurality of such light-emitting elements over one substrate. Alternatively, for example, a thin film transistor (TFT) may be formed over a substrate made of glass, plastic, or the like, and a light-emitting element may be formed over an electrode electrically connected to the TFT. Thus, an active matrix light-emitting device in which driving of the light-emitting element is controlled by the TFT can be manufactured. Note that the structure of the TFT is not particularly limited. A staggered TFT or an inverted staggered TFT may be used. Further, the driving circuit formed on the TFT substrate may be composed of N-type and P-type TFTs, or may be composed of only one of N-type and P-type. Further, the crystallinity of a semiconductor film used for the TFT is not particularly limited. An amorphous semiconductor film or a crystalline semiconductor film may be used.

  The light-emitting element of the present invention includes the second layer 104 and the third layer 105 that absorb visible light between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode. Therefore, the reflected light by the second electrode can be reduced and the contrast can be improved.

  In addition, since the light-emitting element of the present invention can be optically designed without considering the reflected light from the second electrode, the optical design can be made more easily.

  In addition, since the P-type semiconductor layer and the N-type semiconductor layer used in the light-emitting element of the present invention can be formed by vacuum deposition, when a layer containing a light-emitting substance is formed by vacuum deposition, both layers are the same. It is possible to form a film in a vacuum apparatus, and the light emitting element can be formed in a consistent vacuum. Therefore, adhesion of minute foreign matters in the manufacturing process can be prevented, and the yield can be improved.

  Note that this embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments as appropriate.

(Embodiment 3)
In this embodiment, a light-emitting element having a structure different from that described in Embodiment 2 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  In this embodiment mode, the light-emitting element is provided with a first electrode 302, a first layer 303, a second layer 304, and a third layer 305 which are stacked over the first electrode 302 in that order. The second electrode 306 is formed. Note that in this embodiment mode, the first electrode 302 functions as a cathode and the second electrode 306 functions as an anode.

  The substrate 301 is used as a support for the light emitting element. As the substrate 301, for example, glass or plastic can be used. Note that other materials may be used as long as the light-emitting element functions as a support in the manufacturing process.

  The first electrode 302 is preferably an electrode with high translucency. Further, it is preferable to use a metal, an alloy, a conductive compound, a mixture thereof, or the like having a low work function (specifically, 3.8 eV or less). Specifically, elements belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the Periodic Table of Elements, that is, alkali metals such as lithium (Li) and cesium (Cs), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), etc. An alkaline earth metal, an alloy containing these (MgAg alloy, AlLi alloy), or the like that is a thin film so as to transmit light can be used. Further, a thin metal film and a transparent conductive film (indium oxide-tin oxide (ITO), indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon or silicon oxide, indium oxide-zinc oxide (IZO), tungsten oxide, and oxide) A stack with indium oxide containing zinc (IWZO) or the like can also be used. For example, an AlLi alloy, an MgAg alloy, or the like can be used as the first electrode 302 by forming a film with a thickness of about 1 nm to 50 nm, preferably about 5 nm to 20 nm.

  The first layer 303 is a layer containing a light-emitting substance. The first layer 303 may be composed of a single layer or a structure in which a plurality of layers are stacked. There is no particular limitation on the layered structure of the layers, and a substance having a high electron transport property or a substance having a high hole transport property, a substance having a high electron injection property, a substance having a high hole injection property, or a bipolar property (transport of electrons and holes) A layer composed of a substance having a high property) may be appropriately combined. For example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole blocking layer (hole blocking layer), a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and the like can be combined as appropriate. The materials constituting each layer are specifically shown below.

The electron injection layer is a layer containing a substance having a high electron injection property. As the substance having a high electron-injecting property, the material described in Embodiment 2 can be used. Specifically, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal such as lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), calcium fluoride (CaF ₂ ), or the like can be used. For example, a layer made of a substance having an electron transporting property containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal or a compound thereof, for example, a layer containing magnesium (Mg) in Alq can be used. In addition, as the electron injection layer, a material that forms an electrode regardless of the work function of the electrode is selected by using a layer made of a substance having an electron transporting property and containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. Can do. That is, not only a material with a low work function but also a material with a high work function can be used for the first electrode 302.

  The electron transport layer is a layer containing a substance having a high electron transport property. As the substance having a high electron-transport property, the material described in Embodiment 2 can be used.

  The light-emitting layer is a layer including a substance having high light-emitting properties, and various materials can be used. Specifically, the materials shown in Embodiment Mode 2 can be used.

  The hole transport layer is a layer containing a substance having a high hole transport property. As the substance having a high hole-transport property, the material described in Embodiment 2 can be used.

  Further, a hole injection layer may be provided. As a material for forming the hole injection layer, the material described in Embodiment Mode 2 can be used.

  The second layer 304 is a P-type semiconductor layer. As the second layer 304, an organic compound having an absorption peak in the visible light region described in Embodiment 1 may be used to form a layer that functions as a P-type semiconductor. Note that the second layer 304 is not limited to a single layer, and may have a structure in which a plurality of layers are stacked.

  The third layer 305 is an N-type semiconductor layer. As the third layer 305, an organic compound having an absorption peak in the visible light region described in Embodiment 1 is used, and a layer functioning as an N-type semiconductor may be formed. Note that the third layer 305 is not limited to a single layer, and may have a structure in which a plurality of layers are stacked.

  Note that the second layer 304 and the third layer 305 are preferably in a complementary color relationship. That is, one of the material forming the second layer 304 and the material forming the third layer 305 has an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 380 nm to less than 540 nm, and the other has a wavelength of 540 nm to 760 nm. It preferably has an absorption peak in the wavelength region.

More specifically, when a substance having an absorption peak in the wavelength region of 380 nm to less than 540 nm is used for the second layer 304, a material having an absorption peak in the wavelength region of 540 nm to 760 nm is used for the third layer 305. It is preferable. In such a combination, for example, naphthacene, 5,12-diphenylnaphthacene, rubrene, or the like can be used for the second layer 304. The third layer 305 includes (1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,24,25-hexadecafluorophthalocyaninato) copper ( _{abbreviation:} F 16 -CuPc), (1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,24,25- hexadecafluoro lid Russia Nina g) zinc ( _{abbreviation:} F 16 -ZnPc), 3,4,9,10- perylenetetracarboxylic carboxylic bis-benzimidazole (abbreviation: PTCBI), can be used perfluoropentacene like.

In the case where a substance having an absorption peak in the wavelength region of 540 nm to 760 nm is used for the second layer 304, a material having an absorption peak in the wavelength region of 380 nm to less than 540 nm is preferably used for the third layer 305. In the case of such a combination, for example, the second layer 304 includes phthalocyanine (abbreviation: H ₂ Pc), copper phthalocyanine (abbreviation: CuPc), zinc phthalocyanine (abbreviation: ZnPc), vanadyl phthalocyanine (abbreviation: VOPc), Titanyl phthalocyanine (abbreviation: TiOPc), nickel phthalocyanine (abbreviation: NiPc), pentacene, 6,13-diphenylpentacene, or the like can be used. The third layer 305 includes 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (abbreviation: PTCDA), 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (abbreviation: PTCDI), N, N′-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (abbreviation: Me-PTCDI), 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (abbreviation: NTCDA), 1,4 , 5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (abbreviation: NTCDI) or the like can be used.

  With such a structure, the stacked body in which the second layer 304 and the third layer 305 are stacked can absorb light emitted from the first layer 303. Accordingly, light reflected by the second electrode 306 can be reduced, so that contrast of the light-emitting element can be improved.

Note that a donor substance may be further added to the N-type semiconductor layer. By adding a donor substance, the conductivity of the N-type semiconductor layer can be increased, so that the driving voltage of the light-emitting element can be reduced. As the donor substance, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, a metal belonging to Group 13 of the periodic table, or an oxide or carbonate thereof can be used. Specifically, lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), ytterbium (Yb), indium (In), lithium oxide (LiOx), cesium carbonate (CsCO ₃ ), etc. It is preferable to use it.

Further, an acceptor substance may be further added to the P-type semiconductor layer. By adding the acceptor substance, the conductivity of the P-type semiconductor layer can be increased, so that the driving voltage of the light-emitting element can be reduced. Moreover, the contact resistance of an electrode can be made small by adding an acceptor substance. Therefore, the electrode material can be selected without considering the work function or the like, and the choice of the electrode material is expanded. As the acceptor substance, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroquinodimethane (abbreviation: F ₄ -TCNQ), chloranil, and the like can be given. Moreover, a transition metal oxide can be mentioned. In addition, oxides of metals belonging to Groups 4 to 8 in the periodic table can be given. Specifically, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide are preferable because of their high electron accepting properties. Among these, molybdenum oxide is especially preferable because it is stable in the air, has a low hygroscopic property, and is easy to handle.

  Further, by using a P-type semiconductor layer to which an acceptor substance is added and / or an N-type semiconductor layer to which a donor substance is added, the driving voltage can be increased even if the P-type semiconductor layer and / or the N-type semiconductor layer is thickened. Can be suppressed. Therefore, by increasing the thickness of the P-type semiconductor layer and / or the N-type semiconductor layer, a short circuit due to a minute foreign matter or an impact can be prevented, so that a highly reliable light-emitting element can be obtained. For example, a film thickness between electrodes of a normal light emitting element is 100 nm to 150 nm, whereas a light emitting element using a P-type semiconductor layer and an N-type semiconductor layer is 100 to 500 nm, preferably 200 to 500 nm. be able to.

  In addition, the P-type semiconductor layer to which the acceptor substance is added and the N-type semiconductor layer to which the donor substance is added have a small contact resistance with the electrode. Therefore, the electrode material can be selected without considering the work function or the like, and the choice of the electrode material is expanded.

  As the second electrode 306, various metals, alloys, electrically conductive compounds, and mixtures of these metals, compounds, and alloys can be used. For example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon or silicon oxide, indium zinc oxide (IZO), oxide containing tungsten oxide and zinc oxide. Indium (IWZO) and the like can be given. These conductive metal oxide films are usually formed by sputtering. For example, indium oxide-zinc oxide (IZO) can be formed by a sputtering method using a target in which 1 to 20 wt% of zinc oxide is added to indium oxide. Indium oxide containing tungsten oxide and zinc oxide (IWZO) is formed by sputtering using a target containing 0.5 to 5 wt% tungsten oxide and 0.1 to 1 wt% zinc oxide with respect to indium oxide. can do. In addition, gold (Au), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), tungsten (W), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), titanium (Ti), copper ( Cu), palladium (Pd), aluminum (Al), aluminum-silicon (Al-Si), aluminum-titanium (Al-Ti), aluminum-silicon-copper (Al-Si-Cu) or a nitride of a metal material ( TiN) or the like can be used.

  In addition, the first layer 303, the second layer 304, and the third layer 305 may be formed by a method other than the above evaporation method. For example, an ink jet method or a spin coating method may be used. Moreover, you may form using the different film-forming method for each electrode or each layer.

  The light-emitting element of the present invention having the above structure is a first layer that includes a highly light-emitting substance in which current flows due to a potential difference generated between the first electrode 302 and the second electrode 306. In the layer 303, holes and electrons recombine to emit light. That is, a light emitting region is formed in the first layer 303.

  In the light-emitting element illustrated in FIG. 3, light emission is extracted to the outside through the first electrode 302. Therefore, the first electrode 302 is formed using a light-transmitting material. Therefore, light emission is extracted from the substrate side through the first electrode 302.

  Note that the structure of the layers provided between the first electrode 302 and the second electrode 306 is not limited to the above. In a configuration in which holes and electrons are recombined at a site away from the first electrode 302 and the second electrode 306 so that quenching caused by the proximity of the light emitting region and the metal is suppressed. As long as it has the second layer 304 and the third layer 305 that absorb visible light, other than the above may be used.

In other words, the layered structure of the layers is not particularly limited, and a substance having a high electron transporting property or a substance having a high hole transporting property, a substance having a high electron injecting property, a substance having a high hole injecting property, or a bipolar property (electron and hole) A layer made of a substance having a high transportability) may be formed by freely combining the second layer 304 and the third layer 305 that absorb visible light. Further, a carrier recombination site may be controlled by providing a layer formed of a silicon oxide film or the like over the first electrode 302.

  Alternatively, the layers may be stacked in the reverse order to the configuration illustrated in FIG. 3 and light emission may be extracted from the side opposite to the substrate. 4 includes a third layer 305 which is an N-type semiconductor layer, a second layer 304 which is a P-type semiconductor layer, and a light-emitting substance over the second electrode 306 which functions as an anode. The first layer 303 which is a layer including the first electrode 302 which functions as a cathode is sequentially stacked. In the case of the structure illustrated in FIG. 4, light emission from the first layer 303 is extracted to the outside from the first electrode side that is the side opposite to the substrate 301.

  In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 9, a fourth layer 307 may be provided between the second layer 304 and the third layer 305. By providing the fourth layer 307, the driving voltage can be reduced. As a material forming the fourth layer 307, a semiconductor material or a conductive material can be used. Examples of the conductive material include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon or silicon oxide, indium zinc oxide (IZO), tungsten oxide, and tungsten oxide. Examples thereof include indium oxide containing zinc oxide (IWZO). Further, for example, a metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), or the like having a thickness of about 1 nm to 50 nm, preferably about 5 nm to 20 nm may be used so as to have translucency. As semiconductor materials, titanium oxide (TiOx), vanadium oxide (VOx), niobium oxide (NbOx), molybdenum oxide (MoOx), tungsten oxide (WOx), rhenium oxide (ReOx), ruthenium Oxide (RuOx), cobalt oxide (CoOx), nickel oxide (NiOx), zinc oxide (ZnOx), copper oxide (CuOx), tin oxide (SnOx), zinc sulfide (ZnS), gallium nitride (GaN), gallium aluminum nitride (AlGaN), and the like.

  The light-emitting element of the present invention includes the second layer 304 and the third layer 305 that absorb visible light between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode. Therefore, the reflected light by the second electrode can be reduced and the contrast can be improved.

  In addition, since the light-emitting element of the present invention can be optically designed without considering the reflected light from the second electrode, the optical design can be made more easily.

  In addition, since the P-type semiconductor layer and the N-type semiconductor layer used in the light-emitting element of the present invention can be formed by vacuum deposition, when a layer containing a light-emitting substance is formed by vacuum deposition, both layers are the same. It is possible to form a film in a vacuum apparatus, and the light emitting element can be formed in a consistent vacuum. Therefore, adhesion of minute foreign matters in the manufacturing process can be prevented, and the yield can be improved.

  Note that this embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments as appropriate.

(Embodiment 4)
In this embodiment mode, a light-emitting device having the light-emitting element of the present invention will be described.

  In this embodiment mode, a light-emitting device having the light-emitting element of the present invention in a pixel portion will be described with reference to FIGS. 5A is a top view illustrating the light-emitting device, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along lines A-A ′ and B-B ′ in FIG. 5A. Reference numeral 601 indicated by a dotted line denotes a driving circuit portion (source side driving circuit), 602 denotes a pixel portion, and 603 denotes a driving circuit portion (gate side driving circuit). Reference numeral 604 denotes a sealing substrate, reference numeral 605 denotes a sealing material, and the inside surrounded by the sealing material 605 is a space 607.

  Note that the routing wiring 608 is a wiring for transmitting a signal input to the source side driving circuit 601 and the gate side driving circuit 603, and a video signal, a clock signal, an FPC (flexible printed circuit) 609 serving as an external input terminal, Receives start signal, reset signal, etc. Although only the FPC is shown here, a printed wiring board (PWB) may be attached to the FPC. The light-emitting device in this specification includes not only a light-emitting device body but also a state in which an FPC or a PWB is attached thereto.

  Next, a cross-sectional structure is described with reference to FIG. A driver circuit portion and a pixel portion are formed over the element substrate 610. Here, a source-side driver circuit 601 that is a driver circuit portion and one pixel in the pixel portion 602 are illustrated.

  Note that the source side driver circuit 601 is a CMOS circuit in which an n-channel TFT 623 and a p-channel TFT 624 are combined. The driver circuit may be formed using various CMOS circuits, PMOS circuits, or NMOS circuits. In this embodiment mode, a driver integrated type in which a driver circuit is formed over a substrate is shown; however, this is not always necessary, and the driver circuit can be formed outside the substrate.

  The pixel portion 602 is formed by a plurality of pixels including a switching TFT 611, a current control TFT 612, and a first electrode 613 electrically connected to the drain thereof. Note that an insulator 614 is formed so as to cover an end portion of the first electrode 613. Here, a positive photosensitive acrylic resin film is used.

  In order to improve the coverage, a curved surface having a curvature is formed at the upper end or the lower end of the insulator 614. For example, when positive photosensitive acrylic is used as a material for the insulator 614, it is preferable that only the upper end portion of the insulator 614 has a curved surface with a curvature radius (0.2 μm to 3 μm). As the insulator 614, either a negative type that becomes insoluble in an etchant by light irradiation or a positive type that becomes soluble in an etchant by light irradiation can be used.

  Over the first electrode 613, a layer 616 containing a light-emitting substance and a second electrode 617 are formed. Here, as a material used for the first electrode 613, various metals, alloys, electrically conductive compounds, and mixtures of these metals, compounds, and alloys can be used. In the case where the first electrode is used as an anode, it is preferable that the first electrode is formed of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, a mixture thereof, or the like having a high work function (work function of 4.0 eV or more). For example, in addition to monolayer films such as silicon-containing indium oxide-tin oxide, indium oxide-zinc oxide, titanium nitride film, chromium film, tungsten film, Zn film, and Pt film, titanium nitride and aluminum are the main components. A laminate with a film, a three-layer structure of a titanium nitride film, a film containing aluminum as its main component, and a titanium nitride film can be used. Note that with a stacked structure, resistance as a wiring is low, good ohmic contact can be obtained, and a function as an anode can be obtained.

  The layer 616 containing a light-emitting substance is formed by various methods such as an evaporation method using an evaporation mask, an inkjet method, and a spin coating method. The layer 616 containing a light-emitting substance includes the layer that absorbs visible light and the light-emitting layer described in Embodiment 1. Further, as another material constituting the layer 616 containing a light-emitting substance, a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound (oligomer, dendrimer, polymer, or the like) may be used. Further, as a material used for the layer containing a light-emitting substance, not only an organic compound but also an inorganic compound may be used.

  In addition, as a material used for the second electrode 617, various metals, alloys, electrically conductive compounds, and mixtures of these metals, compounds, and alloys can be used. In the case where the second electrode is used as a cathode, it is preferable to use a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, a mixture thereof, or the like having a low work function (work function of 3.8 eV or less). For example, elements belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table, that is, alkali metals such as lithium (Li) and cesium (Cs), and alkaline earths such as magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and strontium (Sr) Examples thereof include metals and alloys containing them (Mg: Ag, Al: Li). Note that in the case where light generated in the layer 616 containing a light-emitting substance is transmitted through the second electrode 617, a thin metal film and a transparent conductive film (indium oxide-tin oxide) are used as the second electrode 617. (ITO), indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon or silicon oxide, indium oxide-zinc oxide (IZO), indium oxide containing tungsten oxide and zinc oxide (IWZO), etc.) can be used. is there.

  Further, the sealing substrate 604 is bonded to the element substrate 610 with the sealant 605, whereby the light-emitting element 618 is provided in the space 607 surrounded by the element substrate 610, the sealing substrate 604, and the sealant 605. Yes. Note that the space 607 is filled with a filler, and may be filled with a sealant 605 in addition to an inert gas (such as nitrogen or argon).

  Note that an epoxy-based resin is preferably used for the sealant 605. Moreover, it is desirable that these materials are materials that do not transmit moisture and oxygen as much as possible. In addition to a glass substrate or a quartz substrate, a plastic substrate made of FRP (Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastics), PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), polyester, acrylic, or the like can be used as a material used for the sealing substrate 604.

  As described above, a light-emitting device having the light-emitting element of the present invention can be obtained.

  The light-emitting device of the present invention includes the layer that absorbs visible light described in Embodiment Mode 1. Therefore, the reflected light from the electrodes can be reduced and the contrast can be improved.

  In addition, since the light emitting device of the present invention can be optically designed without considering the light reflected by the second electrode, the optical design can be made more easily.

  Further, by using a P-type semiconductor layer to which an acceptor substance is added and / or an N-type semiconductor layer to which a donor substance is added, the driving voltage can be increased even if the P-type semiconductor layer and / or the N-type semiconductor layer is thickened. Can be suppressed. Therefore, by increasing the thickness of the P-type semiconductor layer and / or the N-type semiconductor layer, a short circuit due to a minute foreign matter or an impact can be prevented, so that a highly reliable light-emitting element can be obtained. For example, a film thickness between electrodes of a normal light emitting element is 100 nm to 150 nm, whereas a light emitting element using a P-type semiconductor layer and an N-type semiconductor layer is 100 to 500 nm, preferably 200 to 500 nm. be able to.

  In addition, the P-type semiconductor layer to which the acceptor substance is added and the N-type semiconductor layer to which the donor substance is added have a small contact resistance with the electrode. Therefore, the electrode material can be selected without considering the work function or the like, and the choice of the electrode material is expanded.

  In addition, the light emitting device of the present invention can improve contrast without using a polarizing plate, a quarter wavelength plate, or the like outside the light emitting element. Therefore, contrast can be improved without increasing the number of steps. In addition, since there is no need to use a polarizing plate, a quarter-wave plate, or the like, a high-contrast light-emitting device can be manufactured at low cost.

  As described above, in this embodiment mode, an active light-emitting device that controls driving of a light-emitting element using a transistor has been described. In addition to this, a light-emitting element is driven without particularly providing a driving element such as a transistor. A passive light emitting device may be used. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a passive light emitting device manufactured by applying the present invention. In FIG. 6, a layer 955 containing a light-emitting substance is provided between the electrode 952 and the electrode 956 over the substrate 951. An end portion of the electrode 952 is covered with an insulating layer 953. A partition layer 954 is provided over the insulating layer 953. The side wall of the partition wall layer 954 has an inclination such that the distance between one side wall and the other side wall becomes narrower as it approaches the substrate surface. That is, the cross section in the short side direction of the partition wall layer 954 has a trapezoidal shape, and the bottom side (the side facing the insulating layer 953 in the same direction as the surface direction of the insulating layer 953) is the top side (the surface of the insulating layer 953). The direction is the same as the direction and is shorter than the side not in contact with the insulating layer 953. In this manner, by providing the partition layer 954, defects in the light-emitting element due to static electricity or the like can be prevented. In addition, even in a passive light emitting device, a high contrast light emitting device can be obtained by including the light emitting element of the present invention having high contrast.

(Embodiment 5)
In this embodiment, an electronic device of the present invention including the light-emitting device described in Embodiment 4 as part thereof will be described. The electronic device of the present invention includes the visible light-absorbing layer described in Embodiment Mode 1 and has a display portion with excellent contrast. Further, an electronic device having a highly reliable display portion in which a short circuit due to a minute foreign matter or an external impact is suppressed by increasing the thickness of the visible light absorbing layer described in Embodiment 1 is provided. It is also possible to do.

  As an electronic device manufactured using the light emitting device of the present invention, a video camera, a camera such as a digital camera, a goggle type display, a navigation system, a sound reproducing device (car audio, audio component, etc.), a computer, a game device, a mobile phone An information terminal (mobile computer, mobile phone, portable game machine, electronic book, etc.), an image playback device (specifically, Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)) provided with a recording medium, and the image is displayed. And a device provided with a display device capable of performing the above. Specific examples of these electronic devices are shown in FIGS.

  FIG. 7A illustrates a television device according to the present invention, which includes a housing 9101, a supporting base 9102, a display portion 9103, a speaker portion 9104, a video input terminal 9105, and the like. In this television device, the display portion 9103 is formed by arranging light-emitting elements similar to those described in Embodiments 2 and 3 in a matrix. The light-emitting element has a feature of excellent contrast. It is also possible to prevent a short circuit due to a minute foreign matter or an external impact. Since the display portion 9103 including the light-emitting elements has similar features, this television set can realize high contrast and display a high-quality image. In addition, the television device according to the present invention can be manufactured at low cost because high contrast can be achieved even if the number of components is smaller than that of the conventional television device. In addition, since the number of components is reduced, the housing 9101 can be reduced in size and weight. Since the television device according to the present invention has high image quality and small size and light weight, a product suitable for the living environment can be provided.

  FIG. 7B illustrates a computer according to the present invention, which includes a main body 9201, a housing 9202, a display portion 9203, a keyboard 9204, an external connection port 9205, a pointing mouse 9206, and the like. In this computer, the display portion 9203 includes light-emitting elements similar to those described in Embodiment Modes 2 and 3 arranged in a matrix. The light-emitting element has a feature of excellent contrast. It is also possible to prevent a short circuit due to a minute foreign matter or an external impact. Since the display portion 9203 including the light-emitting elements has similar features, this computer can realize high contrast and display a high-quality image. In addition, since the computer according to the present invention can achieve high contrast even if the number of parts is smaller than that of the conventional computer, it can be manufactured at low cost. Further, by reducing the number of parts, the housing 9202 can be reduced in size and weight. Since the computer according to the present invention has high image quality and reduced size and weight, a product suitable for the environment can be provided. In addition, a computer that can be carried can be provided.

  FIG. 7C illustrates a cellular phone according to the present invention, which includes a main body 9401, a housing 9402, a display portion 9403, an audio input portion 9404, an audio output portion 9405, operation keys 9406, an external connection port 9407, an antenna 9408, and the like. . In this cellular phone, the display portion 9403 is formed by arranging light-emitting elements similar to those described in Embodiment Modes 2 and 3 in a matrix. The light-emitting element has a feature of excellent contrast. It is also possible to prevent a short circuit due to a minute foreign matter or an external impact. Since the display portion 9403 including the light-emitting elements has similar features, this mobile phone can realize high contrast and display a high-quality image. In addition, the cellular phone according to the present invention can be manufactured at low cost because high contrast can be realized even if the number of components is smaller than that of the conventional cellular phone. In addition, when the number of parts is reduced, the housing 9402 can be reduced in size and weight. Since the mobile phone according to the present invention has high image quality and small size and light weight, a product suitable for carrying can be provided. Further, it is possible to provide a product having a display portion that is resistant to external impact when being carried.

  FIG. 7D illustrates a camera according to the present invention, which includes a main body 9501, a display portion 9502, a housing 9503, an external connection port 9504, a remote control receiving portion 9505, an image receiving portion 9506, a battery 9507, an audio input portion 9508, and operation keys 9509. , An eyepiece 9510 and the like. In this camera, the display portion 9502 is configured by arranging light-emitting elements similar to those described in Embodiments 2 and 3 in a matrix. The light-emitting element has a feature of excellent contrast. It is also possible to prevent a short circuit due to a minute foreign matter or an external impact. Since the display portion 9502 including the light-emitting elements has similar features, this camera can realize high contrast and display a high-quality image. In addition, the camera according to the present invention can be manufactured at low cost because it can achieve high contrast even if the number of components is smaller than that of the conventional camera. In addition, since the number of parts is reduced, the housing 9503 can be reduced in size and weight. Since the camera according to the present invention has high image quality and reduced size and weight, a product suitable for carrying can be provided. Further, it is possible to provide a product having a display portion that is resistant to external impact when being carried.

  As described above, the applicable range of the light-emitting device of the present invention is so wide that the light-emitting device can be applied to electronic devices in various fields. By using the light-emitting device of the present invention, an electronic device having a high-contrast display portion can be provided.

  In this example, a light-emitting element of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to FIG. Structural formulas of organic compounds used in this example are shown below. Note that all the light-emitting elements manufactured in this example were manufactured over the same substrate.

(Light emitting element 1)
First, indium tin oxide containing silicon oxide was formed over the glass substrate 510 by a sputtering method, so that the first electrode 511 was formed. The film thickness was 110 nm and the electrode area was 2 mm × 2 mm.

Next, the substrate on which the first electrode 511 is formed is fixed to a substrate holder provided in the vacuum evaporation apparatus so that the surface on which the first electrode 511 is formed is downward, and is approximately 10 ⁻⁴ Pa. The pressure was reduced to 4,4′-bis (N- {4- [N ′-(3-methylphenyl) -N′-phenylamino] phenyl} -N-phenylamino) on the first electrode 511. A layer 512 containing a composite material was formed by co-evaporation of biphenyl (abbreviation: DNTPD) and molybdenum oxide (VI). The film thickness was 50 nm, and the weight ratio of DNTPD to molybdenum oxide (VI) was adjusted to 1: 0.5 (= DNTPD: molybdenum oxide). Note that the co-evaporation method is an evaporation method in which evaporation is performed simultaneously from a plurality of evaporation sources in one processing chamber.

  Next, 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB) was formed to a thickness of 10 nm by an evaporation method using resistance heating. Then, a hole transport layer 513 was formed.

  Further, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (abbreviation: Alq) and coumarin 6 were co-evaporated to form a light-emitting layer 514 having a thickness of 40 nm on the hole-transport layer 513. Here, the weight ratio of Alq to coumarin 6 was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= Alq: coumarin 6).

  Thereafter, Alq was deposited to a thickness of 10 nm on the light-emitting layer 514 by an evaporation method using resistance heating, whereby an electron transport layer 515 was formed.

  An electron injection layer 516 having a thickness of 10 nm was formed on the electron transport layer 515 by co-evaporation of Alq and lithium (Li). Here, the weight ratio of Alq to lithium was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= Alq: lithium).

  An N-type semiconductor layer 517 with a thickness of 70 nm was formed on the electron injection layer 516 by co-evaporation of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (abbreviation: PTCDA) and lithium. . Here, the weight ratio of PTCDA and lithium was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= PTCDA: lithium).

  Further, a P-type semiconductor layer 518 having a thickness of 80 nm was formed by co-evaporation of copper phthalocyanine (abbreviation: CuPc) and molybdenum oxide (VI). Here, the weight ratio of CuPc and molybdenum oxide was adjusted to 1: 0.5 (= CuPc: molybdenum oxide).

  Finally, a second electrode 519 was formed by using a vapor deposition method using resistance heating so that aluminum was formed to a thickness of 200 nm, whereby the light-emitting element 1 was manufactured.

(Comparative light emitting element 2)
First, indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon oxide was formed over a glass substrate by a sputtering method to form a first electrode. The film thickness was 110 nm and the electrode area was 2 mm × 2 mm.

Next, the substrate on which the first electrode is formed is fixed to a substrate holder provided in the vacuum evaporation apparatus so that the surface on which the first electrode is formed is downward, and the pressure is reduced to about 10 ⁻⁴ Pa. Then, 4,4′-bis (N- {4- [N ′-(3-methylphenyl) -N′-phenylamino] phenyl} -N-phenylamino) biphenyl (abbreviation) is formed on the first electrode. : DNTPD) and molybdenum oxide (VI) were co-evaporated to form a layer containing the composite material. The film thickness was 50 nm, and the weight ratio of DNTPD to molybdenum oxide (VI) was adjusted to 1: 0.5 (= DNTPD: molybdenum oxide). Note that the co-evaporation method is an evaporation method in which evaporation is performed simultaneously from a plurality of evaporation sources in one processing chamber.

  Next, 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB) was formed to a thickness of 10 nm by an evaporation method using resistance heating. A hole transport layer was formed.

  Further, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (abbreviation: Alq) and coumarin 6 were co-evaporated to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm on the hole transport layer. Here, the weight ratio of Alq to coumarin 6 was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= Alq: coumarin 6).

  Thereafter, using an evaporation method by resistance heating, Alq was deposited on the light emitting layer so as to have a thickness of 10 nm to form an electron transporting layer.

  An electron injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm was formed on the electron transport layer by co-evaporation of Alq and lithium (Li). Here, the weight ratio of Alq to lithium was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= Alq: lithium).

  Finally, a second electrode was formed by using a vapor deposition method using resistance heating to form a film of aluminum with a thickness of 200 nm, and a comparative light-emitting element 2 was manufactured.

(Comparative light emitting element 3)
First, indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon oxide was formed over a glass substrate by a sputtering method to form a first electrode. The film thickness was 110 nm and the electrode area was 2 mm × 2 mm.

Next, the substrate on which the first electrode is formed is fixed to a substrate holder provided in the vacuum evaporation apparatus so that the surface on which the first electrode is formed is downward, and the pressure is reduced to about 10 ⁻⁴ Pa. Then, 4,4′-bis (N- {4- [N ′-(3-methylphenyl) -N′-phenylamino] phenyl} -N-phenylamino) biphenyl (abbreviation) is formed on the first electrode. : DNTPD) and molybdenum oxide (VI) were co-evaporated to form a layer containing the composite material. The film thickness was 50 nm, and the weight ratio of DNTPD to molybdenum oxide (VI) was adjusted to 1: 0.5 (= DNTPD: molybdenum oxide). Note that the co-evaporation method is an evaporation method in which evaporation is performed simultaneously from a plurality of evaporation sources in one processing chamber.

  Next, 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB) was formed to a thickness of 10 nm by an evaporation method using resistance heating. A hole transport layer was formed.

  Further, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (abbreviation: Alq) and coumarin 6 were co-evaporated to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm on the hole transport layer. Here, the weight ratio of Alq to coumarin 6 was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= Alq: coumarin 6).

  Thereafter, using an evaporation method by resistance heating, Alq was deposited on the light emitting layer so as to have a thickness of 10 nm to form an electron transporting layer.

  An electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 nm was formed on the electron transport layer by co-evaporation of Alq and lithium (Li). Here, the weight ratio of Alq to lithium was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= Alq: lithium).

  A layer having a thickness of 150 nm was formed by co-evaporating 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (abbreviation: PTCDA) and lithium on the electron injection layer. Here, the weight ratio of PTCDA and lithium was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= PTCDA: lithium).

  Finally, a second electrode was formed by depositing aluminum so as to have a film thickness of 200 nm using a resistance heating vapor deposition method, and the comparative light-emitting element 3 was manufactured.

(Comparative light emitting element 4)
First, indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon oxide was formed over a glass substrate by a sputtering method to form a first electrode. The film thickness was 110 nm and the electrode area was 2 mm × 2 mm.

Next, the substrate on which the first electrode is formed is fixed to a substrate holder provided in the vacuum evaporation apparatus so that the surface on which the first electrode is formed is downward, and the pressure is reduced to about 10 ⁻⁴ Pa. Then, 4,4′-bis (N- {4- [N ′-(3-methylphenyl) -N′-phenylamino] phenyl} -N-phenylamino) biphenyl (abbreviation) is formed on the first electrode. : DNTPD) and molybdenum oxide (VI) were co-evaporated to form a layer containing the composite material. The film thickness was 50 nm, and the weight ratio of DNTPD to molybdenum oxide (VI) was adjusted to 1: 0.5 (= DNTPD: molybdenum oxide). Note that the co-evaporation method is an evaporation method in which evaporation is performed simultaneously from a plurality of evaporation sources in one processing chamber.

  Next, 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB) was formed to a thickness of 10 nm by an evaporation method using resistance heating. A hole transport layer was formed.

  Further, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (abbreviation: Alq) and coumarin 6 were co-evaporated to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm on the hole transport layer. Here, the weight ratio of Alq to coumarin 6 was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= Alq: coumarin 6).

  Thereafter, using an evaporation method by resistance heating, Alq was deposited on the light emitting layer so as to have a thickness of 10 nm to form an electron transporting layer.

  An electron injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm was formed on the electron transport layer by co-evaporation of Alq and lithium (Li). Here, the weight ratio of Alq to lithium was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= Alq: lithium).

  Furthermore, a layer having a thickness of 140 nm was formed by co-evaporation of DNTPD and molybdenum oxide (VI). Here, the weight ratio of DNTPD and molybdenum oxide was adjusted to 1: 0.5 (= DNTPD: molybdenum oxide).

  Finally, a second electrode was formed by depositing aluminum so as to have a thickness of 200 nm using a resistance heating vapor deposition method, and the comparative light-emitting element 4 was manufactured.

  FIG. 11 shows current efficiency-luminance characteristics of the light-emitting element 1, the comparative light-emitting element 2, the comparative light-emitting element 3, and the comparative light-emitting element 4. Further, current-voltage characteristics are shown in FIG. The emission spectrum is shown in FIG. FIG. 11 shows that the current efficiency of the light-emitting element 1 and the comparative light-emitting element 3 is almost halved compared to the comparative light-emitting element 2 and the comparative light-emitting element 4. This indicates that in the light-emitting element 1 and the comparative light-emitting element 3, the layer formed on the second electrode side of the light-emitting layer absorbs light emitted from the light-emitting layer.

  FIG. 14 shows absorption spectra of PTCDA, CuPc, and DNTPD used in the light-emitting element 1, the comparative light-emitting element 3, and the comparative light-emitting element 4. The absorption spectrum shown in FIG. 14 was measured by forming PTCDA, CuPc, and DNTPD with a thickness of 50 nm on a quartz substrate by vapor deposition. As shown in FIG. 14, PTCDA and CuPc used in the light-emitting element 1 have absorption peaks in different regions in the visible light region. Specifically, PTCDA has absorption peaks at 485 nm and 559 nm, and CuPc has absorption peaks at 624 nm and 695 nm. Further, FIG. 14 shows that DNTPD has no absorption peak in the visible light region.

  Further, the contrast ratio of the light-emitting element 1, the comparative light-emitting element 2, and the comparative light-emitting element 3 was measured. The measurement was performed under 100 (lx) illumination. As a result, when the contrast of the comparative light emitting element 2 was 1, the contrast ratio of the comparative light emitting element 3 was 26, and the contrast ratio of the light emitting element 1 was 78. It can be seen that the light emitting element to which the present invention is applied has a higher contrast ratio than the comparative light emitting element 2 and the comparative light emitting element 3. Therefore, by applying the present invention, a light-emitting element with a high contrast ratio can be obtained.

  The comparative light-emitting element 2 is a light-emitting element having a generally manufactured configuration, and has high current efficiency but low contrast. The comparative light-emitting element 4 has a configuration in which a layer containing DNTPD is provided between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode. However, since the layer containing DNTPD transmits much of visible light, comparative light emission is performed. Like the element 2, it is considered that the current efficiency is high and the contrast is low.

  On the other hand, since the comparative light-emitting element 3 uses a layer containing PTCDA, it can partially absorb visible light. In particular, the light emission of the coumarin 6 used in the light emitting layer of the light emitting element of this example has a spectrum as shown in FIG. It is possible to absorb. Therefore, the current efficiency is low as shown in FIG. However, since visible light cannot be absorbed over a wide wavelength range, part of the light from the outside is reflected by the second electrode, and the contrast is lower than that of the light emitting element 1.

  On the other hand, the light emitting element 1 can absorb light emitted from the light emitting layer and external incident light by the N type semiconductor layer having PTCDA and the P type semiconductor layer having CuPc over the entire visible light region. Therefore, high contrast can be realized.

  In addition, it can be seen from FIG. 13 that light emitted from the light emitting layer of the comparative light emitting element interferes with reflected light from the second electrode, and the emission spectrum changes. Specifically, the comparative light-emitting element 2, the comparative light-emitting element 3, and the comparative light-emitting element 4 have broad emission spectrum peaks compared to the light-emitting element 1. In other words, the shape of the emission spectrum changes due to the interference effect of the second electrode. On the other hand, since the light emitting element 1 can suppress the reflected light from the second electrode, the optical design can be performed without considering the interference effect. In addition, since interference due to reflected light is suppressed, the shape of the emission spectrum does not change, and light emission with good color purity can be obtained.

  Further, it can be seen from FIG. 12 that the current-voltage characteristics of the light-emitting element 1, the comparative light-emitting element 2, the comparative light-emitting element 3, and the comparative light-emitting element 4 are almost the same. In the light-emitting element 1, as compared with the comparative light-emitting element 2, the layer containing the light-emitting substance between the electrodes is 140 nm thick as a whole. Nevertheless, the light-emitting element 1 has almost no change in current-voltage characteristics as compared with the comparative light-emitting element 2. Therefore, an increase in driving voltage can be suppressed even if the P-type semiconductor layer and the N-type semiconductor layer are thickened.

  In this example, a light-emitting element of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to FIG. Structural formulas of organic compounds used in this example are shown below. Note that the light-emitting element 5 and the comparative light-emitting element 6 were formed on the same substrate.

(Light emitting element 5)
First, indium tin oxide containing silicon oxide was formed over the glass substrate 510 by a sputtering method, so that the first electrode 511 was formed. The film thickness was 110 nm and the electrode area was 2 mm × 2 mm.

Next, the substrate on which the first electrode 511 is formed is fixed to a substrate holder provided in the vacuum evaporation apparatus so that the surface on which the first electrode 511 is formed is downward, and is approximately 10 ⁻⁴ Pa. The pressure was reduced to 4,4′-bis (N- {4- [N ′-(3-methylphenyl) -N′-phenylamino] phenyl} -N-phenylamino) on the first electrode 511. A layer 512 containing a composite material was formed by co-evaporation of biphenyl (abbreviation: DNTPD) and molybdenum oxide (VI). The film thickness was 50 nm, and the weight ratio of DNTPD to molybdenum oxide (VI) was adjusted to 1: 0.5 (= DNTPD: molybdenum oxide). Note that the co-evaporation method is an evaporation method in which evaporation is performed simultaneously from a plurality of evaporation sources in one processing chamber.

  Next, 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB) was formed to a thickness of 10 nm by an evaporation method using resistance heating. Then, a hole transport layer 513 was formed.

  Further, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (abbreviation: Alq) and coumarin 6 were co-evaporated to form a light-emitting layer 514 having a thickness of 40 nm on the hole-transport layer 513. Here, the weight ratio of Alq to coumarin 6 was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= Alq: coumarin 6).

  Thereafter, Alq was deposited to a thickness of 10 nm on the light-emitting layer 514 by an evaporation method using resistance heating, whereby an electron transport layer 515 was formed.

  An electron injection layer 516 having a thickness of 10 nm was formed on the electron transport layer 515 by co-evaporation of Alq and lithium (Li). Here, the weight ratio of Alq to lithium was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= Alq: lithium).

  An N-type semiconductor layer 517 having a thickness of 60 nm was formed on the electron injection layer 516 by co-evaporation of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole (abbreviation: PTCBI) and lithium. . Here, the weight ratio of PTCBI and lithium was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= PTCBI: lithium).

  Further, rubrene and molybdenum oxide (VI) were co-evaporated to form a P-type semiconductor layer 518 having a thickness of 90 nm. Here, the weight ratio of rubrene and molybdenum oxide was adjusted to 1: 0.5 (= rubrene: molybdenum oxide).

  Finally, a second electrode 519 was formed by using a vapor deposition method using resistance heating so that aluminum was formed to a thickness of 200 nm, whereby the light-emitting element 5 was manufactured.

(Comparative light emitting element 6)
First, indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon oxide was formed over a glass substrate by a sputtering method to form a first electrode. The film thickness was 110 nm and the electrode area was 2 mm × 2 mm.

Next, the substrate on which the first electrode is formed is fixed to a substrate holder provided in the vacuum evaporation apparatus so that the surface on which the first electrode is formed is downward, and the pressure is reduced to about 10 ⁻⁴ Pa. Then, 4,4′-bis (N- {4- [N ′-(3-methylphenyl) -N′-phenylamino] phenyl} -N-phenylamino) biphenyl (abbreviation) is formed on the first electrode. : DNTPD) and molybdenum oxide (VI) were co-evaporated to form a layer containing the composite material. The film thickness was 50 nm, and the weight ratio of DNTPD to molybdenum oxide (VI) was adjusted to 1: 0.5 = (DNTPD: molybdenum oxide). Note that the co-evaporation method is an evaporation method in which evaporation is performed simultaneously from a plurality of evaporation sources in one processing chamber.

  Next, 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB) was formed to a thickness of 10 nm by an evaporation method using resistance heating. A hole transport layer was formed.

  Further, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (abbreviation: Alq) and coumarin 6 were co-evaporated to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm on the hole transport layer. Here, the weight ratio of Alq to coumarin 6 was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= Alq: coumarin 6).

  Thereafter, using an evaporation method by resistance heating, Alq was deposited on the light emitting layer so as to have a thickness of 10 nm to form an electron transporting layer.

  An electron injection layer having a thickness of 20 nm was formed on the electron transport layer by co-evaporation of Alq and lithium (Li). Here, the weight ratio of Alq to lithium was adjusted to be 1: 0.01 (= Alq: lithium).

  Finally, a second electrode was formed by depositing aluminum to a thickness of 200 nm using a resistance heating vapor deposition method, and the comparative light-emitting element 6 was fabricated.

  FIG. 15 shows current efficiency-luminance characteristics of the light-emitting element 5 and the comparative light-emitting element 6. Further, current-voltage characteristics are shown in FIG. An emission spectrum is shown in FIG. FIG. 15 shows that the current efficiency of the light emitting element 5 is almost halved compared to the comparative light emitting element 6. This indicates that in the light-emitting element 5, the layer formed on the second electrode side of the light-emitting layer absorbs light emitted from the light-emitting layer.

  FIG. 18 shows absorption spectra of PTCBI and rubrene used in the light-emitting element 5. The absorption spectrum shown in FIG. 18 was measured by forming PTCBI and rubrene on a quartz substrate by vapor deposition. As shown in FIG. 18, PTCBI and rubrene used in the light-emitting element 5 have absorption peaks in different regions in the visible light region. Specifically, PTCBI has absorption peaks at 548 nm, and rubrene has absorption peaks at 496 nm and 531 nm.

  Further, the contrast ratio of the light emitting element 5 and the comparative light emitting element 6 was measured. The measurement was performed under 100 (lx) illumination. As a result, when the contrast of the comparative light-emitting element 6 was 1, the contrast ratio of the light-emitting element 5 was 17. It can be seen that the light emitting element to which the present invention is applied has a higher contrast ratio than the comparative light emitting element 6. Therefore, by applying the present invention, a light-emitting element with a high contrast ratio can be obtained.

  The comparative light emitting element 6 is a light emitting element having a generally manufactured configuration, and has high current efficiency but low contrast.

  On the other hand, the light emitting element 5 can absorb light emitted from the light emitting layer and external incident light by the N type semiconductor layer having PTCBI and the P type semiconductor layer having rubrene over the entire visible light region. Therefore, high contrast can be realized.

  In addition, it can be seen from FIG. 17 that light emitted from the light-emitting layer of the comparative light-emitting element interferes with reflected light from the second electrode, and the emission spectrum changes. Specifically, the comparative light emitting element 6 has a broader emission spectrum peak than the light emitting element 5. In other words, the shape of the emission spectrum changes due to the interference effect of the second electrode. On the other hand, since the light emitting element 5 can suppress the reflected light from the second electrode, the optical design can be performed without considering the interference effect. In addition, since interference due to reflected light is suppressed, the shape of the emission spectrum does not change, and light emission with good color purity can be obtained.

  Further, it can be seen from FIG. 16 that the current-voltage characteristics of the light-emitting element 5 and the comparative light-emitting element 6 are not substantially changed. In the light-emitting element 5, the layer including the light-emitting substance between the electrodes is 140 nm thick as a whole as compared with the comparative light-emitting element 6. Nevertheless, the current-voltage characteristics of the light emitting element 5 are not substantially different from those of the comparative light emitting element 6. Therefore, an increase in driving voltage can be suppressed even if the P-type semiconductor layer and the N-type semiconductor layer are thickened.

4A and 4B illustrate a light-emitting element of the present invention. 4A and 4B illustrate a light-emitting element of the present invention. 4A and 4B illustrate a light-emitting element of the present invention. 4A and 4B illustrate a light-emitting element of the present invention. 4A and 4B illustrate a light-emitting device of the present invention. 4A and 4B illustrate a light-emitting device of the present invention. 8A and 8B each illustrate an electronic device of the invention. 4A and 4B illustrate a light-emitting element of the present invention. 4A and 4B illustrate a light-emitting element of the present invention. 4A and 4B illustrate a light-emitting element of Example 1 and Example 2. FIG. FIG. 6 shows current efficiency-luminance characteristics of the element manufactured in Example 1. FIG. 5 shows current-voltage characteristics of the element manufactured in Example 1. FIG. 6 shows an emission spectrum of the element manufactured in Example 1. FIG. 6 shows an absorption spectrum of a substance used in Example 1. FIG. 10 shows current efficiency-luminance characteristics of the element manufactured in Example 2. FIG. 6 shows current-voltage characteristics of the element manufactured in Example 2. FIG. 11 shows an emission spectrum of the element manufactured in Example 2. FIG. 6 shows an absorption spectrum of a substance used in Example 2.

Explanation of symbols

101 Substrate 102 First Electrode 103 First Layer 104 Second Layer 105 Third Layer 106 Second Electrode 107 Fourth Layer 301 Substrate 302 First Electrode 303 First Layer 304 Second Layer 305 Third layer 306 Second electrode 307 Fourth layer 510 Glass substrate 511 First electrode 512 Layer containing composite material 513 Hole transport layer 514 Light-emitting layer 515 Electron transport layer 516 Electron injection layer 517 N-type semiconductor layer 518 P-type semiconductor layer 519 Second electrode 601 Source side driving circuit 602 Pixel portion 603 Gate side driving circuit 604 Sealing substrate 605 Sealing material 607 Space 608 Wiring 609 FPC (flexible printed circuit)
610 Element substrate 611 TFT for switching
612 Current control TFT
613 First electrode 614 Insulator 616 Layer containing light emitting substance 617 Second electrode 618 Light emitting element 623 n-channel TFT
624 p-channel TFT
951 Substrate 952 Electrode 953 Insulating layer 954 Partition layer 955 Layer containing luminescent material 956 Electrode 9101 Case 9102 Support base 9103 Display portion 9104 Speaker portion 9105 Video input terminal 9201 Main body 9202 Case 9203 Display portion 9204 Keyboard 9205 External connection port 9206 Pointing Mouse 9401 Main body 9402 Housing 9403 Display unit 9404 Audio input unit 9405 Audio output unit 9406 Operation key 9407 External connection port 9408 Antenna 9501 Main body 9502 Display unit 9503 External connection port 9505 Remote control receiving unit 9506 Image receiving unit 9507 Battery 9508 Audio input 9509 Operation key 9510 Eyepiece

Claims (9)

A layer containing a light-emitting substance between the first electrode and the second electrode;
The layer containing a light emitting substance has a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, a layer containing a first organic compound, and a layer containing a second organic compound,
Between the second electrode and the light emitting layer, the electron transport layer, the layer containing the first organic compound, and the layer containing the second organic compound,
The first electrode has translucency,
The first organic compound is any of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid derivative, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid derivative, naphthacene derivative, nickel complex,
The light emitting element, wherein the color of the first organic compound and the color of the second organic compound are in a complementary color relationship. A layer containing a light-emitting substance between the first electrode and the second electrode;
The layer containing a light emitting substance has a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, a layer containing a first organic compound, and a layer containing a second organic compound,
Between the second electrode and the light emitting layer, the electron transport layer, the layer containing the first organic compound, and the layer containing the second organic compound,
The first electrode has translucency,
The first organic compound is any of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid derivative, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid derivative, naphthacene derivative, nickel complex,
The light-emitting element, wherein the second organic compound has an absorption peak in a wavelength region of 540 nm to 760 nm. A layer containing a light-emitting substance between the first electrode and the second electrode;
The layer containing a light emitting substance has a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, a layer containing a first organic compound, and a layer containing a second organic compound,
Between the second electrode and the light emitting layer, the electron transport layer, the layer containing the first organic compound, and the layer containing the second organic compound,
The first electrode has translucency,
The first organic compound is any one of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid derivative, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid derivative, naphthacene derivative, nickel complex,
The light-emitting element, wherein the second organic compound is any one of a phthalocyanine derivative, a pentacene derivative, a 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole derivative, and a violanthrone derivative. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3 ,
A third layer is provided between the layer containing the first organic compound and the layer containing the second organic compound,
The light emitting element, wherein the third layer includes a conductive material. In claim 4 ,
The conductive material is any one of indium oxide-tin oxide, silicon or indium oxide-tin oxide containing silicon oxide, indium oxide-zinc oxide, tungsten oxide and indium oxide-tin oxide containing zinc oxide. A light emitting device characterized by the above. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3 ,
A third layer is provided between the layer containing the first organic compound and the layer containing the second organic compound,
The light emitting element, wherein the third layer includes a semiconductor material. In claim 6 ,
The semiconductor material is titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, rhenium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, tin A light-emitting element which is any one of an oxide, zinc sulfide, gallium nitride, and gallium aluminum nitride. A light-emitting device comprising: the light-emitting element according to claim 1; and a control unit that controls light emission of the light-emitting element. An electronic apparatus comprising: a display unit, wherein the display unit includes the light-emitting element according to claim 1 and a control unit that controls light emission of the light-emitting element. .

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