JP5778148B2 - 多環式炭水化物を含む電子デバイス - Google Patents
多環式炭水化物を含む電子デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP5778148B2 JP5778148B2 JP2012523213A JP2012523213A JP5778148B2 JP 5778148 B2 JP5778148 B2 JP 5778148B2 JP 2012523213 A JP2012523213 A JP 2012523213A JP 2012523213 A JP2012523213 A JP 2012523213A JP 5778148 B2 JP5778148 B2 JP 5778148B2
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- 150000003518 tetracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- NZFNXWQNBYZDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioridazine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C12=CC(SC)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C2N1CCC1CCCCN1C NZFNXWQNBYZDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002211 ultraviolet spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
1)キューウック(Kyuwook)らは、例えば、LiFなどのフッ化物と金属とを使用する組み合わせカソードを使用した(Appl.Phys.Lett.2003,83,2949−2951)。しかしながら、そのようなカソードの欠点は、それがユニバーサルなカソードではないことであり、即ち、それは選択された物質とのみ機能する。例えば、LiF/AlカソードおよびBa/Alカソードは両者とも、ポリマー発光ダイオード(PLED)のためには役に立たない。
Ar4−(Ar5)p−Ar6 式57
ここにおいて、
Ar4、Ar5、Ar6は、それぞれの存在において、同じまたは異なる5〜30の芳香族環原子を有するアリールまたはヘテロアリールであり、それは1または1以上の基により置換されてもよく、
pは1、2または3であり、
Ar4、Ar5およびAr6におけるπ電子の合計は、p=1の場合には少なくとも30であり、p=2の場合には少なくとも36であり、p=3の場合には少なくとも42である。
青色蛍光エミッタは、好ましくはポリ芳香族化合物、例えば、9,10−ジ(2−ナフチルアントラセン)および他のアントラセン誘導体、テトラセンの誘導体、キサンテン、ペリレン、例えば、2,5,8,11−テトラ−t−ブチルペリレン、フェニレン、例えば、4,4’−(ビス(9−エチル−3−カルバゾビニレン)−1,1’−ビフェニルなど、フルオレン、アリールピレン(US2006/0222886)、アリーレンビニレン(US5121029、US5130603)、ルブレンの誘導体、クマリン、ローダミン、キナクリドン、例えば、N,N’−ジメチルキナクリドン(DMQA)など、ジシアノンエチレンピラン、例えば、4(ジシアノエチレン)−6−(4−ジメチルアミノスチリル−2−メチル)−4H−ピラン(DCM)など、チオピラン、ポリメチン、ピリリウムおよびチアピリリウム塩、ペリフランテン、インデノペリレン、ビス(アジニル)イミン−ボロン化合物(US2007/0092753 A1)、ビス(アジニル)メテン化合物およびカルボスチリル化合物である。
グループ1:ポリマーの正孔注入および/または輸送特性を増大する単位;
グループ2:ポリマーの電子注入および/または輸送特性を増大する単位;
グループ3:グループ1およびグループ2からの個々の単位の組み合わせを有する単位;
グループ4:電子燐光が電子蛍光の変わりに得られる範囲となるように発光特性を修飾する単位;
グループ5:所謂、一重項状態から三重項状態に遷移を改善する単位;
グループ6:得られるポリマーの形態および/または発光色に影響する単位;
グループ7:骨格として典型的に使用され、電子輸送機能、正孔輸送機能またはその両方を有し得る単位。
A、BおよびB’は、互いに独立しており、複数存在する場合、互いに独立して二価の基、好ましくは−CR1R2−、−NR1−、−PR1−、−O−、−S−、−SO−、−SO2−、−CO−、−CS−、−CSe−、−P(=O)R1−、−P(=S)R1−および−SiR1R2−から選択され、
R1およびR2は、互いに独立して同じまたは異なる基であり、H、ハロゲン、−CN、−NC、−NCO、−NCS、−OCN、−SCN、−C(=O)NR0R00、−C(=O)X、−C(=O)R0、−NH2、−NR0R00、−SH、−SR0、−SO3H、−SO2R0、−OH、−NO2、−CF3、−SF5、任意に置換されたシリル、または、任意に置換され、任意に1または1以上のヘテロ原子を有する1〜40のC原子を有するカルビルまたはヒドロカルビルから選択され、並びに任意にR1よびR2はそれらが付着するフルオレン部分を有するスピロ基を形成し、
Xはハロゲンであり、
R0およびR00は、互いに独立してHまたは任意に1または1以上のヘテロ原子を有する任意に置換されたカルビルまたはヒドロカルビル基であり、
それぞれgは、独立して0または1であり、同じサブユニット中のそれぞれ対応するhは、0または1以外であり、
mは1または1以上の整数であり、
Ar1およびAr2は、互いに独立してモノ−または多核のアリールまたはヘテロアリール(heteroraryl)であり、それは任意に置換され、および任意にインデノフルオレン基の7,8位または8,9位に対して融合しており、
aおよびbは互いに独立して0または1である。
LはH、ハロゲンまたは任意のフッ素化された直鎖または枝分かれ鎖の1〜12のC原子を有するアルキルまたはアルコキシであり、好ましくはH、F、メチル、i−プロピル、t−ブチル、n−ペントキシまたはトリフルオロメチルであり、
L’は、任意にフッ素化された直鎖または枝分かれ鎖の1〜20のC原子を有するアルキルまたはアルコキシであり、好ましくはn−オクチルまたはn−オクチルオキシである。
− 任意の第1の基板、
− アノード層、
− 任意の正孔注入層(HIL)、
− 任意の正孔輸送層(HTL)および/または電子阻止層(EBL)、
− 任意の活性層、それは電気的または光学的な励起において、エキシトンを生ずる、
− 任意の電子輸送層(ETL)および/または正孔阻止層(HBL)、
− 任意の電子注入層(EIL)、
− 少なくとも1つのナノダイヤモンドイドと任意の少なくとも1つの有機機能性物質とを含む任意の層、
− カソード層、
− 任意の第2の基板、
である。
例1−ポリマー性物質
次のポリマーはスズキカップリングを使用することによって合成される。反応は、当業者に周知の合成方法に従って実行されてよい。方法は、例えばWO2003/048225に記述される。
LEP1およびテトラマンタンを含む配合物1は、次のような当業者に周知の方法に従って製造される:
1)80mgのLEP1および20mgのテトラマンタンを10mlのトルエンに溶解する;
2)清澄な溶液が得られるまで配合物を撹拌する;
3)Millipore Millex LS、疎水性のPTFE 5.0μmを使用して溶液を濾過する。
LEP1およびテトラマンタンを含む固体粉末組成物1は、配合物1の溶媒を蒸発することによって得られる。結果として得られる固体粉末は、更なる配合物を製造するために使用されてもよい。適用される手順は、当業者に周知の標準技術である。
LEP1およびテトラマンタン−6Sを含む配合物2は、次のような当業者に周知の方法に従って製造される:
1)80mgのLEP1および20mgのテトラマンタン−6Sを10mlのトルエンに溶解する;
2)清澄な溶液が得られるまで配合物を撹拌する;
3)Millipore Millex LS、疎水性のPTFE 5.0μmを使用して溶液を濾過する。
LEP1およびテトラマンタン−6Sを含む固体粉末組成物2は、配合物2の溶媒を蒸発することによって得られる。結果として得られる固体粉末は、更なる配合物を製造するために使用される。適用される手順は、当業者に周知の標準技術である。
LEP1およびテトラマンタン−6Sを含む配合物3は、次のような当業者に周知の方法に従って製造される:
1)40mgのIL1および10mgのテトラマンタン−6Sを10mlのトルエンに溶解する;
2)清澄な溶液が得られるまで配合物を撹拌する;
3)Millipore Millex LS、疎水性のPTFE 5.0μmを使用して溶液を濾過する。
IL1およびテトラマンタン−6Sを含む固体粉末組成物3は、配合物3の溶媒を蒸発することにより得られる。結果として得られる固体粉末は、更なる配合物を製造するために使用される。適用される手順は、当業者に周知の標準技術である。
図2に示される通りのPLED1は、当業者に周知の標準技術を使用する次の手順に従って製造される:
1)PEDOT(Baytron P AI 4083)をスピンコーティングによってITOコーティングガラス基板上に80nmの厚さで堆積し、次に180℃で10分間加熱する;
2)20nmのIL1をグローブボックス内で0.5wt%の濃度を有するトルエン溶液からスピンコーティングによって堆積する;
3)IL1層をグローブボックス内で180℃で1時間加熱する;
4)0.5〜1wt%の濃度でトルエン中にLEP1を含む配合物をスピンコーティングすることによってLEP層を堆積し、65nmの厚さを有する層を得る;
5)デバイスを180℃で10分間加熱する;
6)Ba/Alカソードを3nm/150nmの厚さで発光層上に蒸着により堆積する;
7)デバイスを封入する。
図3に示される通りのPLED2は、当業者に周知の標準技術を使用する次の手順に従って製造される。
5)0.5%の濃度のペンタン中のテトラマンタン−6Sの溶液からスピンコーティングによりEILを堆積する。層の厚さは10nmである;
6)デバイスを180℃で10分間加熱する;
7)Ba/Al(3nm/150nm)カソードをEIL上に蒸着により堆積する;
8)デバイスを封入する。
テトラメンタンを含む図4に示される通りのPLED3を当業者に周知の標準方法を使用する次の手順に従って製造する。
4)配合物1をスピンコーティングにより堆積する。層の厚さは65nmである;
5)〜7)例9で記述される通りの手順。
テトラメンタン−6Sを含む図4に示される通りのPLED4は、当業者に周知の標準方法を使用する次の手順に従って製造される:
1)〜3)例9で記述される通りの手順;
4)配合物2をスピンコーティングによって堆積する。層の厚さは65nmである;
5)〜7)例9で記述される通りの手順。
テトラメンタン−6SおよびAuカソードを含む図6(b)に示される通りのPLED5は当業者に周知の標準方法を使用する次の手順に従って製造される。
2)Au上のテトラマンタン−6Sの自己集合単一層(SAM)を、AuコーティングITOガラス基板を1wt%の濃度のエタノール/トルエン(1:1)中のテトラマンタン−6Sの溶液に2日間浸漬することによって完成する。次に基板をトルエンおよびエタノールで洗浄する。溶媒を加熱によって除去する(Science 2007,316,1460−1462);
3)0.5〜1wt%の濃度でトルエン中にLEP1を含む配合物をスピンコーティングすることによりLEP層を堆積する。層の厚さは65nmである;
4)NPB(20nm)を真空熱蒸着によってLEP層上にHILとして堆積する;
5)カソードをAu/Al(3nm/150nm)を発光層上に蒸着によって堆積する;
6)デバイスを封入する。
PLED6は、PLED5のためのコントロールデバイスとして製造される。PLED6は、PLED5と殆ど同じデバイス構造を有する(図6(b)参照)。PLED5に対し、PLED6はテトラマンタン−6Sを含むSAMを有さない。
デバイスPLED1〜6を当業者に周知の標準方法を使用する種々の物理特性について調査する。記録される特性は:電圧−電流ルミネッセンス(VIL)特性、エレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)スペクトル、カラーコーディネイト(CIE)、効率および駆動電圧である。
次に、小分子(SMOLED)に基づく更なるOLEDを製造し、比較する。
SMOLED1は、図5aに示される通りの本発明の好ましいデバイス構造に従うOLEDであるが、HILは省略される。SMOLED1の層構造は、ITO/Au(3nm)/SAM/ETM1(20nm)/ホスト1:5%エミッタ1(30nm)/HTM1(60nm)/Au(150nm)であり、ここにおいてSAMはテトラマンテン−6Sの自己集合単一層である。積層ITO/Au(3nm)/SAM/はカソードとして用いられ、例13のPLED5のために概説されるものと同じ手順に従って製造される。
1. 少なくとも1つのナノダイヤモンドイドと少なくとも1つの有機機能性物質とを含む組成物。
2. 1に記載の組成物であって、少なくとも1つのナノダイヤモンドイドが水素終端または官能化されていることを特徴とする組成物。
3. 1または2に記載の組成物であって、少なくとも1つのナノダイヤモンドイドが、アダマンタン、ジアマンタン、トリアマンタン、テトラマンタン、ペンタマンタン、シクロヘキサマンタン、デカマンタン、高級ダイアモンドイド、その異性体および誘導体から選択されることを特徴とする組成物。
4. 1〜3の1または1以上に記載の組成物であって、少なくとも1つの有機機能性物質が、ホスト物質、発光物質(EM)、正孔注入物質(HIM)、正孔輸送物質(HTM)、正孔阻止物質(HBM)、電子注入物質(EIM)、電子輸送物質(ETM)、電子阻止物質(EBM)、エキシトン阻止物質(ExBM)、光吸収物質、染料および金属錯体から選択されることを特徴とする組成物。
5. 1〜4の1または1以上に記載の組成物であって、少なくとも1つの有機機能性物質が発光物質であることを特徴とする組成物。
6. 5に記載の組成物であって、発光物質が、少なくとも1つのホスト物質と少なくとも1つのエミッタ物質とを含み、ホスト物質が、アントラセン、ベンズアントラセン、ケトン、カルバゾール、トリアリールアミン、インデノフルオレン、フルオレン、スピロビフルオレン、フェナントレン、ジヒドロフェナントレン、チオフェン、トリアジン、その異性体および誘導体から選択されることを特徴とする組成物。
7. 1〜6の1または1以上に記載の組成物であって、少なくとも1つの有機機能性物質が電子注入物質であり、それが、8−ヒドロキシキノリンの金属錯体、複素環式有機化合物、フルオレノン、フルオレニリデンメタン、ペリレンテトラカルボン酸、アントラキノンジメタン、ジフェノキノン、アントロンおよびアントラキノンジエチレンジアミン、その異性体および誘導体から選択されることを特徴とする組成物。
8. 1〜7の1または1以上に記載の組成物であって、少なくとも1つの有機機能性物質が電子輸送物質であり、それが、イミダゾール、ピリジン、ピリミジン、ピリダジン、ピラジン、オキサジアゾール、キノリン、キノキサリン、アントラセン、ベンズアントラセン、ピレン、ペリレン、ベンズイミダゾール、トリアジン、ケトン、ホスフィンオキシド、フェナジン、フェナントロリン、トリアリールボラン、その異性体および誘導体から選択されることを特徴とする組成物
9. 1〜8の1または1以上に記載の組成物であって、少なくとも1つの有機機能性物質が染料であり、それが、ペリレン、ルテニウム染料、フタロシアニン、アゾ染料、ペリレン−ジアミン、ポルフィリン、スクアライン、その異性体およびその誘導体から選択されることを特徴とする組成物。
10. 1〜9の1または1以上に記載の組成物であって、少なくとも1つの有機機能性物質が金属錯体であり、当該金属が、遷移金属、希土類元素、ランタニドおよびアクチニドから選択され、好ましくは前記金属がIr、Ru、Os、Eu、Au、Pt、Cu、Zn、Mo、W、Rh、PdおよびAgから選択されることを特徴とする組成物。
11. 1〜10の1または1以上に記載の組成物と少なくとも1つの有機溶媒とを含む配合物。
12. 電子デバイスまたは光電子デバイスを製造するための1〜10の1または1以上に記載の組成物または11に記載の配合物の使用。
13. 少なくとも1つの有機層と少なくとも2つの電極とを含む電子デバイスであって、少なくとも1つの有機層が、少なくとも1つの水素終端または官能化されたナノダイヤモンドイドを含むことを特徴とする電子デバイス。
14. 13に記載の電気デバイスであって、少なくとも1つの有機層が、少なくとも1つの水素終端または官能化されたナノダイヤモンドイド、好ましくは官能化されたナノダイヤモンドイドからなることを特徴とする電気デバイス。
15. 14に記載の電子デバイスであって、少なくとも1つの当該層が単一層であることを特徴とする電子デバイス。
16. 13〜15の1または1以上に記載の電子デバイスであって、少なくとも1つの有機層が1〜10の1または1以上に記載の少なくとも1つの組成物を含むことを特徴とする電子デバイス。
17. 13〜16の1または1以上に記載の電子デバイスであって、少なくとも1つのナノダイヤモンドイドが少なくとも1つの電子注入層に混合されていることを特徴とする電子デバイス。
18. 13〜17の1または1以上に記載の電子デバイスであって、少なくとも1つのナノダイヤモンドイドを含む有機層が、少なくとも1つの電極に隣接する、好ましくはAu、AgおよびITOを含むカソードに好ましくは隣接することを特徴とする電子デバイス。
19. 13〜18の1または1以上に記載の電子デバイスであって、デバイスが、有機発光ダイオード、ポリマー発光ダイオード(PLED)、有機発光電気化学セル、有機電界効果トランジスタ(OFET)、薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)、有機太陽電池(O−SC)、有機レーザーダイオード(O−laser)、有機集積回路(O−IC)、無線IC(RFID)タグ、光検出器、センサー、論理回路、記憶素子、キャパシタ、電荷注入層、ショットキーダイオード、平坦化層、帯電防止膜、導電性基板またはパターン、光導電体、電子写真素子、有機発光トランジスタ(OLET)、有機スピンデバイスおよび有機プラズモン放出デバイス(OPEDs)から選択され、好ましくは有機発光ダイオードから選択される光放出デバイス、光変換デバイス、集光デバイスまたは光センサーデバイスであることを特徴とする電子デバイス。
20. 11に記載の配合物または1〜10の1または1以上に記載の組成物を使用することによる13〜19の何れか1項に記載の電子デバイスを製造する方法。
21. 20に記載の方法であって、デバイスの少なくとも1つの層が溶液からコーティングされていることを特徴とする方法。
22. 20または21に記載の方法であって、使用される方法が、印刷方法であり、好ましくは印刷方式が、スピンコーティング、インクジェット印刷、スクリーン印刷、フレキソ印刷、グラビア印刷、ローラー捺染、リバースローラー捺染、ウェブ印刷およびパッド印刷から選択されることを特徴とする方法。
23. 20〜22の1または1以上に記載の方法であって、少なくとも1つの機能層が気相堆積および熱真空相堆積によって堆積されることを特徴とする方法。
Claims (9)
- 少なくとも1つの有機層と少なくとも2つの電極とを含む電子デバイスであって、電子デバイスが、少なくとも1つの水素終端または官能化されたナノダイヤモンドイドを含む電子注入層を含むことを特徴とする電子デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載の電気デバイスであって、電子注入層が、少なくとも1つの水素終端または官能化されたナノダイヤモンドイドからなることを特徴とする電気デバイス。
- 請求項1または2に記載の電気デバイスであって、電子注入層が、官能化されたナノダイヤモンドイドからなることを特徴とする電気デバイス。
- 請求項2または3に記載の電子デバイスであって、電子注入層が単一層であることを特徴とする電子デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載の電子デバイスであって、少なくとも1つのナノダイヤモンドイドが、アダマンタン、ジアマンタン、トリアマンタン、テトラマンタン、ペンタマンタン、シクロヘキサマンタン、デカマンタン、高級ダイアモンドイド、その異性体および誘導体から選択されることを特徴とする電子デバイス。
- 請求項1〜5の何れか1項1に記載の電子デバイスであって、電子注入層が、少なくとも1つのカソードに隣接することを特徴とする電子デバイス。
- 請求項6に記載の電子デバイスであって、カソードがAu、AgおよびITOを含むことを特徴とする電子デバイス。
- 請求項1〜7の何れか1項に記載の電子デバイスであって、デバイスが、有機発光ダイオード、ポリマー発光ダイオード(PLED)、有機発光電気化学セル、有機電界効果トランジスタ(OFET)、薄膜トランジスタ(TFT)、有機太陽電池(O−SC)、有機レーザーダイオード(O−laser)、有機集積回路(O−IC)、光検出器、センサー、電荷注入層、ショットキーダイオード、光導電体、電子写真素子、有機発光トランジスタ(OLET)および有機スピンデバイスから選択される光放出デバイス、光変換デバイス、集光デバイスまたは光センサーデバイスであることを特徴とする電子デバイス。
- 請求項1〜8の何れか1項に記載の電子デバイスであって、デバイスが、有機発光ダイオードであることを特徴とする電子デバイス。
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2010
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- 2010-07-07 WO PCT/EP2010/004136 patent/WO2011015265A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2010-07-07 EP EP10731474.2A patent/EP2462203B1/en active Active
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WO2011015265A3 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
US20120132898A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
JP2013501109A (ja) | 2013-01-10 |
US8581262B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
EP2462203B1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
EP2462203A2 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
JP2015181182A (ja) | 2015-10-15 |
WO2011015265A2 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
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