JPS60220805A - Device for forming solid shape - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To manufacture a solid shape of the same shape as an object by having a means to measure the sectional shape of the surface of the object from the relation of the locus shape of a light image obtainable from a two-dimensional image pickup means and of slitted light irradiating means and two-dimensional image pickup means. CONSTITUTION:A light irradiating device 2 is fixed to a rack 8 and the rack 8 is fixed to a ball nut, so by rotating a ball screw shaft 5 with a motor, the rack 8 can be driven vertically against an axis Z step by step by the height of the thickness DELTAh of a slitted light. A light image locus is then found each diameter DELTAh of the slitted light 2' from the extreme bottom end Z0 to the extreme top end Zm of a model 1 which is an object on the plane formed by a slitted light, i.e., on the plane of X-Y axis, and shape data Xi, Yi are found each change of the diameter DELTAh of a slitted light. These data are then inputted into an NC laser cutting machine and from the thickness DELTAh of a thin sheet, a same form sheet with the shape data is produced and by overlapping those in order, a solid shape same as an object can be manufactured.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an apparatus for forming a three-dimensional shape, such as a three-dimensional iron, from an object having a three-dimensional shape, such as a person.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, a copying machine tool mold, an inverted mold, etc. have been used to form an object having a three-dimensional shape into an equivalent three-dimensional shape.

However, due to dimensional limitations such as the number of workpieces, machines, and molding elements, it is difficult to reproduce a three-dimensional shape from a target object with a complex shape and noticeable unevenness. It had some problems. Furthermore, when the target object is soft, there is a problem in that in order to reproduce the object, a high level of nakedness is required as well as an artistic sense.

(Objective of the Invention) The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the above-mentioned prior art. , an object of the present invention is to provide a device that forms a three-dimensional shape that is equivalent to or has a constant ratio of a three-dimensional shape that is a target object.

(Structure of the Invention) According to the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, (1)
An apparatus for creating a three-dimensional shape from an object having a three-dimensional shape, comprising: a slit light irradiation means for irradiating the target object with a slit light having a spread angle of a certain angle in the horizontal direction; an all-around irradiation means for irradiating a slit light plane on the same horizontal plane of the target object with slit light; and a vertical position movable unit for moving the vertical position of the all-around irradiation means to the target object. means, a point on the intersection line of the slit light plane and a plane orthogonal to the slit light plane is set as the center point, and the position of the image is moved at a constant radius from the orthogonal plane; imaging position variable means for aligning the center point with the center point; and light gI! on the surface of the target object on the same horizontal plane caused by the slit light irradiated onto the target object by the all-round irradiation means and the vertical 1toT moving means. a two-dimensional imaging means that continuously points-images the image, and a geometrical relationship between the locus shape of the light image obtained by the two-dimensional imaging means, the slit light irradiation means, and the two-dimensional imaging means, a cross-sectional measuring means for measuring the cross-sectional shape of the surface of the target object; a thin plate having a wall thickness that is a constant ratio to the diameter of the slit light based on the measured cross-sectional shape of the surface of the target object;
5. A three-dimensional shape forming device, comprising: a template forming means for creating a template having the same or a similar shape to the cross-sectional shape, and forming a three-dimensional shape by overlapping the templates. did.

(Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention, regardless of the complexity of the shape of the target object and regardless of the hardness of the target object, the three-dimensional shape is the same as the target object or has a fixed ratio (enlarged or reduced). can be easily made.

(Example) Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figures 1a and 1b are diagrams showing a part of the configuration of the embodiment, and for ease of explanation, a model 1'Jk target object is a simplified human face. Then, coordinate axes for the model 1 are set and used as a reference for the irradiation position of the slit light and the position of the light iron fumigation device, which will be described later. The fIA reference axis has the origin G at the center of the bottom of model 1, the X axis is the horizontal direction from the origin G in the elevation view in Figure 1a, the Y axis is the vertical direction from the origin, and the object in the front view in Figure 1b. The vertical center line of model 1, which is an object, is the two axes.

The slit light irradiation device 2 irradiates a model IK, which is a target object, with a slit light 2' having a thickness Δh (for example, 0.5 mm) from a light emitting source 4, for example, Rede. The slit 2' has a perpendicular line below the Z-axis as its center line, and is expanded by a diaphragm, a concave mirror, or an optical lens system to irradiate the target object with a slit light 2' having a thickness Δh and an angle (θ). This slit light plane is defined as x-y@thread plane, and the origin Zo of the two axes is the lowest end of the target object K11l<
.

The ITV camera 3, which is a two-dimensional imaging means, is arranged within a plane that is orthogonal to the slit light plane and does not interfere with the slit light irradiation device 2, and the intersection of the plane and the X-Y axis system plane. An arc-shaped guide device #t, 8aK is arranged so that it has a constant radius R from a point G on the line, and the I-tube camera can move along the guide device, and the optical axis can move from a point G on the intersection line.
matches.

Then, the beam source 2' of the slit light irradiation device 2 and the ITV
The optical axis of the camera 3 has an angle β with respect to the X-Y axis plane passing through zllll, and this angle β can be changed by the guide device 8a to correspond to the irregularities of the model 1, which is the target object.

Also, ■The viewing angle of the TV camera 3 is α. 8a in the guide equipment where the slit light irradiation device 2 and ITV camera 3 are arranged.
is fixed to a pedestal 8 that is slidably guided within the guide column 7, and the pedestal 8 is fixed to a ball nut 6 that is screwed into the ball screw shaft 5. A step motor (not shown) is connected to the ball screw shaft 5, and the step motor drives the ball nut 6, that is, the pedestal 1, up and down in steps by the thickness Δh of the slit light.

A slit light 2' is used to irradiate the entire outer circumference of the model 1, which is a target object.
Correspondingly, the TV camera 3 images the entire outer circumference. In this embodiment, a plurality of slit light irradiation devices 2 and two-dimensional imaging devices 3 are arranged surrounding the target object. In this case, the model 1, which is the target object, is placed at the same distance from the I'I'V camera 3 to the Z axis, and ■T
If the optical magnification of the V camera 3 is made equal, each I
TV camera 30 Slit light 2 of model 1 which is the target object
Directly compare the optical images obtained by ′ and process the optical image measurement data.

Next, the geometrical positional relationship between the slit light irradiation device 2 and the I'ff camera 3 with respect to the model 1, which is a target object, will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2a and 2b.

In Fig. 2a, the original spread angle of the slit light irradiation device 2 is θ (J), and the field of view limit SLM with respect to the Y axis is 0.
, +Ym, υ, and the Y-axis position of the target object, model 1, at the origin G is Ym/2. The irradiation range required for one slit light irradiation device 2 to irradiate the entire circumference of the model 1 is a range of 90° centered on the origin G, and
I'm very busy with Yoto and YL2. The slit light 2' irradiated from the slit light irradiation device 2 to the target object 4 intersects the optical axis 3' of the two-dimensional d&image device 3 at a constant angle β on the Z-axis, and is at a position '&Zi. At this point, when the slit light irradiated from the slit light irradiation device 2 onto the target object 4 is imaged by the two-dimensional imaging device, that is, the left TV camera 3, the light image at this cross section of the target object 4 is shown in FIG. The image becomes an ant-like image. In this optical image plane, the line segment 10 is the above-mentioned Zi Y
This is an image of a straight line parallel to the Y-axis. Moreover, the point P1 shown in FIG. 6 is 11j of the point P1 of the optical image of the slit light shown in FIG.
! Yes, this is an arbitrary point of the slit light irradiated onto the surface of the target object 40.

In FIG. 2, the length of the perpendicular drawn from point P1 to the plane that includes the optical axis of the TVV camera 30 and parallel to the Y axis is el, and in FIG. When the length of is Yl, and the length of the line segment PL'Yi' is Δz1, then Δ11=−xΔz1 n : Optical magnification of the ITV camera.

In this case, Δzi is calculated as follows.

As shown in Figure 6, one screen of the left TV camera consists of one scanning line (generally about 240 to 500 lines).
From the top, sl, S2+...8n...S
Let it be r. As shown in FIG. 4, the ITV camera 3 outputs the screen start signal 'v, BL, and then the first horizontal scanning signal HBL, and then the movie signal that is affected by the clear signal of the group. runs f on Sl in one step time ta. Then, when the scanning on Sl is completed, the HBL signal is outputted again, and the video signal is scanned J-order from S2.

Here, when there is an optical image of the slit light 2' in scanning on sn, the slit light image 1 image signal BI (8 is the video signal H
During the 8th, he was surrounded by people. Then, the scanning of one screen is completed until the scanning of Sr is repeated.

Then, when this 8r scan is completed, the motor moves the slit light by Δh to 1! in the Z-axis direction. # After moving to the contact position, since the start signal vBL for the next one screen is output, horizontal scanning start signals are sequentially output as described above and one new screen is scanned.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a control circuit for billing using this industrial TV camera. 3 is an ITV camera, 31 is a separation circuit, The video signal H8 of the optical image, the horizontal scanning start signal HBL, and the screen start signal BL are input to the separation circuit 31, and the separation circuit 31 separates the video signal from HBL and BL.

20 is a counter which increments the number of horizontal scanning start signals HBL to one hundred and one, and is reset to OK when the screen start signal BL is transmitted. Therefore counter 20
counts the number of horizontal scanning start signals HBL after the screen start signal 8L is issued until the next vBL is issued 1g. In this way, the scanning line number S1 is detected according to the content counted by the counter 20. When this scanning line number S1 is detected, this scanning line number 8i is multiplied by the scanning line interval Δq by a multiplier 21 to convert the length from S] to Si. Next, in the subtractor 22, it is subtracted from the square of r×Δq/2 (the center line of the screen, that is, the position of line segment 10 in FIG. 6) to calculate the vertical length of the scanning point with respect to line segment 10.

On the other hand, an oscillator 23 is provided which outputs interval pulses obtained by dividing the scanning time ta of one scan into m equal parts, and this interval pulse is counted by a counter 24, and the interval pulse is reset to 0 by the horizontal scanning start signal HBL. . In this case, the counter 24 counts the pulses from the oscillator 23 during the previous scan until the horizontal scanning start signal HBL for each scanning line is output, and then the multiplier 26 uses the counted contents as
Divide the length of the scanning edge into m equal parts and multiply by Δye to the power of Y. In this manner, the horizontal position of the scanning point on the image plane of the ITV camera is calculated from the output signal of the multiplier 26.

In addition, in order to convert the video signal He into logical 211 signals such as bright "1" and dark "0", a 211 conversion circuit 25 is connected behind the separation circuit 31, and only the video signal H8 is connected to the 21 installation circuit. At step 25, the slit Motoie portion irradiated on the outer periphery of the model 1, which is the target object, is outputted as "11" and the other portions as "0".

The vertical position of the optical image is determined by inputting the output of the subtracter 22 at the moment when the output of the binarization circuit 25 is "1" to the recording circuit 2 via the r-) circuit 27.
8 to be memorized.

Regarding the horizontal position of the optical image, when the output of the two-position circuit 25 is "1", the output of the multiplier 26 is stored in the storage circuit 30.

In this way, according to the block diagram shown in FIG.
One running Z Iwao S shown in Figure 3 regarding the light image on the screen
A vertical position Δz1 and a horizontal position Δy1 with respect to t are determined. There are cases where multiple △zi and △yi are detected for 81 scanning lines.
All of them are determined as y11 to Δy1p.

In order to convert from one stroke of the ITV camera to a two-dimensional plane on the slit light plane, that is, an X-Y axis system plane, calculation is performed using the following arithmetic expression.

n: Optical magnification of ITV camera The above calculation is performed by a general-purpose microcomputer or the like. At this time, since β changes by changing the inclination of the ITV camera according to the unevenness of the model 1, which is the target object, β is also calculated in correspondence with the conversion to this X-Y axis system plane.

Then, the slit light 2' is driven up and down stepwise in order to irradiate the entire model 1 with the slit light 2'. That is, since the light irradiation device 2 is fixed to the pedestal 8 and fixed to a pole nut screwed onto the ball screw shaft 5, by rotating the ball screw shaft 5 with a motor (not shown),
The pedestal 8 is driven up and down with respect to the Z axis stepwise by a height corresponding to the thickness Δh of the slit light.

Then, the plane formed by the slit light, that is, X-Y
The lowest end zO of model 1, which is the target object in the axoneme plane
For each diameter Δh of the slit light 2' from to the top end Zm,
The optical image locus is determined by the slit light 2', and the shape data Xi, Yi on the X-Y axis 1kJK can be obtained for each change in the diameter Δh of the slit light.

Based on the shape data Xi and Yi obtained for each diameter Δh of the slit light 2', these data are input to the NC radar cutting machine, and a template identical to the shape data is cut from the thickness Δh of the thin plate. create (template forming means). By sequentially kneading these templates together, 1. Create a 3D shape that has the same shape as the object.

According to this embodiment, even if the shape of the target object is complex for human consideration, the target object can be easily grasped by changing the imaging angle of the I'fv camera, and even if the surface is soft, it can be easily identified or enlarged. , a scaled volume lJl can be formed.

In this example, when forming the template, a thin plate with the same thickness as the slit light was used to form the same shape as the target object, but the thickness of the thin plate was set at a constant ratio to the thickness Δh of the slit light. , shape data Xi, ! I'i can also be easily enlarged or reduced by making it a fixed ratio. l! can be formed. In addition, in this embodiment, four slit light irradiation devices and an I
Although a TV camera is used, it is also possible to provide a pedestal 9 as shown in Fig. 2b, rotate the pedestal 9 in 90° increments, irradiate slit light with one slit light irradiation device, and take an image with an ITV camera. 0°

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1a and 1b are schematic plan and elevation views of a first embodiment of the invention. FIGS. 2a and 2b are explanatory diagrams for measuring the optical image of a target object in the same embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the screen of the ITV camera (two-dimensional acupuncture device) of the same embodiment. Figure 4 is a scan of the screen shown in Figure 6! It is a figure showing lJ4. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing data processing for calculating the cross-sectional shape of the same embodiment. (Explanation of symbols) 1...Model (target object) 2...Slit light irradiation device 2'...Slit light 3...ITV camera (two-dimensional m-iron device) 5...Pole screw 6...・Pole Natstoto・Guiding Pillar 8.18... Frame Agent Akira Asamura Procedural Amendment (Method) Date of I/JO, 1980 Mr. Commissioner of the Patent Office 1, Indication of Case Patent Application No. 77213 of 1988 2, Name of the invention Three-dimensional shape forming device 3 Relationship with the 11 amendments Patent applicant address Name Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (name) 4 Agent 5 Date of amendment order July 31, 1980 6 , the number of inventions increases by 1 due to the amendment, "Figures 2a and 2b" on page 8, line 12 of the specification is corrected to "Figure 2." λ, "Figures 2a and 2b" on page 16, line 7 is corrected to "Figure 2". .゛

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] An apparatus for creating a three-dimensional shape from a target object that has a three-dimensional shape, comprising: a slit light irradiation means for irradiating a slit light beam having a fixed angle spread of 9 angles in the horizontal direction of the target object; and an all-round irradiation means for irradiating a slit light plane formed by the slit light irradiation means all around the same horizontal plane in the horizontal direction of the target object with slit light; and an object of the all-around irradiation means. a vertical position moving means for moving the vertical position to the object; and a point on the intersection of the slit photon (3) and a plane orthogonal to the slit optical plane as a center point, and a point J at a constant radius from the orthogonal plane. 'lIA L1 position [and-
An optical image of the surface of the target object on the same horizontal plane by the slit light irradiated onto the target object by the full-circle irradiation means and the vertical position moving means; a two-dimensional imaging means that continuously images the two-dimensional imaging means; and a geometrical relationship between the locus shape of the light image obtained by the two-dimensional imaging means, the slit light irradiation means, and the two-dimensional imaging means, a cross-sectional measuring means for measuring the cross-sectional shape of the surface of the target object; a thin plate having a wall thickness that is a certain ratio to the diameter of the slit light based on the measured cross-sectional shape of the surface of the target object;
A three-dimensional shape forming apparatus comprising: a template forming means for creating a template having the same or a similar shape to the cross-sectional shape, and forming a three-dimensional shape by overlapping the templates.