JPS6083965A - Formation of image on photoconductive film member - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to improvements in methods and apparatus for recording images on electrophotographic film.

The present invention is particularly useful in recording images on electrophotographic film members, which have the unique property of varying sensitivity depending on the charge level, by determining the overall light conditions of an image in which the charge level is to be recorded. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus related to U8J,-).

The object of the present invention is to further improve the 11 characteristics of the above;

Accordingly, the present invention involves the steps of rapidly charging the photoconductive nozzle to a peak voltage, then exposing the film member to an image, and then immediately charging the film member to a peak voltage. 1.1 In order to supply toner to the member and to emit an image on the photoconductive film member, there is a step of measuring the light generated by the image to be recorded, and a process of measuring the light generated by the image to be recorded; Measure the surface potential (Compare the measured light amount with the surface charge potential of the film member, and compare the charge of the film member with the overall light condition of the recorded image)
Then, almost the optimal table [+i represents the charging potential and J relationship is reached!
It is characterized by providing a stop 1 and a stop process.

The present invention provides an apparatus for carrying out the above method, including a photoresponsive device that measures the light intensity of an image before exposure and generates a first signal representing the intensity, and a photoresponsive device that measures the magnitude of charge on a film member due to charging. an electroresponsive device that generates a second signal representing the size of the film; a control device that controls the shutter and the shutter drive mechanism and starts exposure when the charge level on the film member reaches a peak electric current; Comparing the first and second signals with a circuit that limits the degree of exposure due to the operation of the exposure device to achieve the planned exposure, or limits the operation of the charging device to provide a peak charge of the planned potential. Then, the charging device and the exposure device, whichever is not subject to the restriction, is made to respond to the relationship expressed by such a comparison to a predetermined value, assuming that the device is approximately optimal for the measured light intensity. The invention is characterized in that it is provided with a device that deactivates the device upon reaching the target.

The present invention further includes a timer device for timing each period of charging, exposure, and 1-ning, and a timer device connected to the timer device,
A plurality of signal generating circuits are provided which generate a signal when the charging period is completed and another signal No. 1 when the exposure period is completed. - connected to the boot supply device, and makes these three devices respond to the signal to pit these three devices sequentially into the operating state, start the exposure period at the end of the charging period, and start the 1-ning period at the end of the exposure period. Saru J is characterized by the fact that it has a ``sea urchin'' character.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings. .

As will become clear from the discussion below, both the light intensity of the image and the surface potential of the photoconductive film member are measured simultaneously during charging. Comparing the two (U) generated by such measurements,
Using the obtained comparison 47Hu3, charging is completed and exposure of one charged film is started. Duration of exposure 11.1 can be fixed for a period of time,
Or it can be related to the peak charging level. Alternatively, the peak charging level can be fixed and the light intensity varied by suitable optical equipment. Toning, 1-
Each successive process such as no-removal and fusion is performed by the previous one.
The signals generated at the end of step 1 are used to start and end the process sequentially. The duration of the various steps can be fixed or can be dependent on the charging level reached, which is effectively related to the overall light conditions of the image to be recorded, ie the average light intensity.

According to the improved technique of the present invention, the electrophotographic film, or particularly the photoconductive layer thereof, is charged by corona or other means. Light conditions are monitored with a light responsive device such as a suitable light meter. At the same time, measure the surface charge and select the J surface charge that exhibits the best sensitivity for the particular measurement light condition. This technique is intended to perform the adjustment automatically with a device that does this.

Because the rate of charging of the photoconductive coating is faster than that of conventional photoconductive media, the lowest light conditions charge the photoconductive coating above the saturation level. This electrical charge is called the cylindrical portion of the photoconductive coating. Here, the conditions for electrical breakdown include the physical limit of the charging level of the photoconductive film and the charging time of about 200 to 300 milliseconds.

At this charging time, the surface potential of the photoconductive coating can rise to 40-50 volts, which allows for extremely high electric field strengths because the coating is extremely thin.

Once the charge on the surface of the electrophotographic film reaches a desired peak value controlled by 9n1 light measurements, the film is exposed for a constant 11.1 time. This exposure reaches the maximum charging level at t''J immediately after I.

Because of this, the exposure is ha @Katokuchiku (J+4 low light condition 1:
) occurs at a time when () rapidly declines toward the saturation level,
1.Following the end of the exposure, a 1-coating process is started, which is completed before the saturation level is reached, and the time of exposure is at least -b.

In most cases, toning 11. '1 can be fixed to public) Il. To uniformly and quickly supply toner to the surface of a film.

The l-ner particles are accelerated toward the film using a bias ejector near the film coating to minimize lateral movement of the particles and achieve uniform particle distribution, compared with conventional equipment. The well-known edge effect that occurs in dark images is slightly reduced.

Finally, after the 1-ning process, excess toner is removed from the film surface as necessary, and the remaining 1-/- is fused to the film surface, completing the entire process before the surface weight is almost eliminated. let

The obtained image can be enhanced without enhancing the background by changing the time length or the magnitude of the bias. In other words, conventional methods and photoconductive media had continuous background levels of at least 40-50 volts. According to the invention, the cost level is extremely low;
- Regular pA time J: When the image is intensified by long-time 1-1 scanning, Rfa is hardly affected.

When processed as described above, the film operator's image has a high resolution, has a substantially continuous color tone ranging from pure black to pure white compared to a black and white image, and has an extremely clear background.

When projecting a large enlarged image for monitoring or copying,
The image quality is as good as a photo. In any case, the objects that can be recorded by the method and/or apparatus of the present invention are not limited to copying expenditures, as is the case with conventional Xerox and Electo-Fax technology. In fact, the method of the invention can be applied to conventional cameras and camera devices for similar purposes.

The method of the present invention will be explained in detail by way of example.

The electrophotographic film F shown in FIG. 1 is comprised of a relatively hard and flexible transparent plastic substrate 10 and a cadmium oxide film which is sputtered using a frequency sputtering technique to form a suitable photoconductive material. A layer or coating 12, etc., comprising an intermediate conductive layer or ohmic layer 14 (a pair of resilient ground contacts 16a and 161) is slidably engaged on both sides of the conductive layer 14. This conductor h' is maintained at ground potential. At least 7+Sf'tu other J'r that brings the voltage to earth potential when it is necessary to lower the photoconductive surface.
- Laws can also be implemented.

As shown in the first block of FIG.
This rectangular section (denoted by F') is provided with a ground discharge head 18 (J), which is used to transport the optical Remove the charge remaining on the electrical layer 12.In the case of a film member that has been used many times as in the case of transferring an image, ?b" has release properties. However, when using a film that only uses 11-1, in other words, when a new film is newly loaded into the device, the static charge that has accumulated due to some reason is used. This step can be omitted since the exposure ensures discharge during previous film handling.

The first and most important step of the method according to the invention [rapidly charging the frame to a peak bending determined by the light conditions] is indicated by step block 2, marked 1. In this step, the frame F' is advanced to the charging head 22. This head has in its side wall a recess 22a of the same area as the film frame 1:', on which the frame [' is positioned. A corona discharge wire 1724 is extended across the recess 22a facing the film. A relatively high voltage negative with respect to ground is applied to the wire 1.
724, a corona is generated in the vicinity of W\724, and this corona negatively charges the photoconductive coating 12 surrounded by the frame [:'. Electrons tend to generate at or below the surface of the coating 12, and holes tend to cover the continuous ohmic layer 1.
There is a tendency to move toward 4.

The voltage applied to the wire 24 is kilopol 1 to oak, typically 5,000 to 6,000 volts. The surface potential of the photoelectric surface of the electrophotographic film F used here is usually 50 volts or less, but other For a photoconductive surface, the surface potential of said surface is 500-600 volts.

The characteristics of electrophotographic film F and the surface charge of A are best explained in conjunction with FIG. FIG. 2 is a graph of the surface voltage of the charged photoconductive coating 12 versus time. Figure 2a is 7+! J5 in the case of the light state
A similar graph of surface voltage is available.

In the case of FIG. 2, the light intensity is the minimum, so U)'i: the one that maximizes the charge on the conductive surface is taken. The thickness of the coating 12,
The ratio of the photoelectric gain and its llr+decrease 1,° 11 to the bright attenuation characteristic is significantly different from the conventional one at the above-mentioned time and voltage. For example, in Figure 2, the surface potential is 52
You can complete the raccoon in about 2 seconds and 1 space without going over the bolts.

Therefore, in the present invention, the photoconductive layer 11A+2 is extremely rapidly bombarded with a voltage exceeding the saturation voltage by vkJ.Charging curve 20
′o is extremely steep as shown in the figure, reaching 52 in about 300 milliseconds.
Rise to the bolt. The peak value at which the coating 12 is charged by the wire 724 is indicated by 202. The saturation voltage of the preferred cadmium sulfide photoconductive coating is slightly less than 40 volts;
This is shown in FIG. 2 by dashed line 204. For other compounds,
Shown in this electric BE and graph? The voltage on the voltage will vary somewhat.

The voltage charged on the surface of the coating 12 is controlled by the overall light, ie, average light, of the recorded image or object. This will be explained in connection with the illustrated circuit, but first, the photoconductive coating 1
It is effective to explain the discharge characteristics of No. 2 with reference to FIG.

When the film F is kept in the dark from point 202 (charging is carried out in 113), electrons existing at or near the surface move toward the ohmic layer 14 and combine with holes moving in the opposite direction. do. This discharge reduces the voltage at the surface along the characteristic curve 206 at a fairly rapid rate to the saturation level, as is known. This means that the film surface is actually "overcharged".
This is because we want the charge to decay as quickly as possible. Once the saturation level 204 is reached, the discharge rate decreases and the discharge curve flattens out as shown at 208. +j,t 2H
By changing the IC slope, the curve 206 following the curve 208 is 1li.
This is known as the l-decrease curve. This curve is another light iQ
? The IQ decay curve of the Ir part is completely different, and the flickering Q curves of other parts are much different.The 1° film F, which decays at a speed of 4T, reaches a voltage of 202:I00 milliseconds. When the whole is received, /151 electric current (,1 is actually completed almost instantaneously. This is a steep curve Fi121
2 along -t n ms almost unmeasurable (IF < r
The m-voltage drops to 214, which is close to I. Thereafter, the discharge characteristic becomes a curve 216 and gradually approaches zero. This curve is known as the bright decay curve, and it is fundamentally different from that of other photoconductive materials. cannot be reached. In fact, the amount of back charge remaining in the other light>siff layer is about 40 pols. Figure 2 shows J5 (as is obvious, most of the phenomena shown here occur below 40 volts. Another limitation of other photoconductive layers is
, the noise that refuses is the same as the cost.

The charge on the surface causes the toner particles to move (si?'; l!
If it is assumed that L is smaller than 206-
208 means that strong black areas can be achieved without A-battoning. A light decay characteristic that decays to zero means that a pure white area without any spots or gray background can be achieved.

Curve 232-. 234-240. 2244 226
-230°217-, 218-222 indicate intermediate discharge curves where the light intensity is between total darkness and brightness. curve 2
32. The slopes of 224 and 217 indicate that the photoconductive surface used in the present invention has a significantly large gain when exposed to light and therefore can discharge rapidly. In any case, the discharge occurs over a period of several milliseconds. One point 234. 226
The sharpness of 218 and 218 indicates that the discharge stops instantaneously when the light is interrupted. Flat curve 240. 230 and 22
2 is a line 23f3.2 that extends the dark decay curve 208 from the right side of the graph to the left. 228 and 220. For example, if the right side of the point 238 of the curve 208 is moved to the left, it will connect to the bottom end 234 of the curve 232.

Here, exposure is performed for a period of 30 milliseconds after charging, and all the two points 234. It is assumed that 226 and 218 occur at the 11th point N at 0.330 seconds. Total discharge〃(O￥
The double dot 214 occurs regardless of the exposure time.

Because of the photoconductive coating used in the present invention, each inflation member can operate separately depending on the light intensity, that is, the number of colliding photons. The increment is based on the discharge characteristic curve described above (e.g. 232-23
4-240> have a similar discharge curve,
There are as many q such curves as there are increments.

F/I of this electrophotographic film! The image quality is Jf of the coating 12
Each response is determined by a minimum increment that is likely to be limited only by the size of the crystalline structure produced during f-extrusion. Since the crystal structures t and +1 have clear divisions, we used a film that we declined (we confirmed that the graininess of the generated image was not perceivable. The advantage is that the number of discharge curves representing the actual phenomenon is practically infinite, even if it is 3.1 in the smallest part of the film.

According to the invention, the voltage across photoconductive surface 12 is determined by the overall intensity or average light intensity of the object or image to be recorded. The reason is that the sensitivity of the film is
This is because it changes depending on the The higher the surface voltage, the higher the sensitivity. Therefore, sensitivity can be adjusted using this phenomenon for various light conditions. Increase sensitivity for low intensity light conditions and decrease sensitivity for high intensity light conditions. FIG. 2 shows a state where the light intensity is low, and FIG. 2a shows a state where the light intensity is high. In each case, the exposure time is fixed as described below.

In FIG. 2a, curves and points that are the same as those in FIG. 2 are indicated by the same reference numerals and a dash.

Charging curve 200' rises rapidly to point 202', which in this case is significantly below the saturation level 204'. This saturation level 204' is level 2 in Figure 2.
Same as 04. The amount of light obtained from the image to be recorded is significantly greater than in the case of FIG. 2, so that there is no need to charge the photoconductive coating 12 to a voltage of 52 volts. In this case, it will be charged to a voltage of approximately 36 volts.

At this point 202', the dark decay characteristic curve 208' begins to drop slowly, and in this case the dark decay characteristic curve 208' of FIG.
An initial /i51 charge equivalent to the initial discharge shown at 6 does not occur. The bright decay curve starts along a steep discharge curve 212', reaches zero point 214', and then follows a complete discharge 41, (--asymptote 216).

FIG. 2a shows that the photoconductive coating is suspended for 20 milliseconds instead of the 300 milliseconds required in the condition of FIG.
It only takes 0 milliseconds. This ++. Il+'U is controlled by the surface potential 202', and this surface potential is
Select the optimum value for the measured light condition.

In this case, the exposure time is also preferably 30 milliseconds, and the exposure time is preferably fixed to the apparatus. During the exposure period, various inflation mechanisms of the photoconductive coating (1-(also alternating the effects of various strong light)
Ru. Each inflation member 1- discharges according to the amount of light, and generates a large number of typical discharge characteristics such as 224' and 217'r. The discharge curve 232 of these beams 12,
224 and 217, the two points 226', 2+8' and 214' of these curves in Fig. 2a are as sharp as the two points of the curves in Fig. 2, but their slope is The slope of the curve in Figure 2 is not as high as σ″.
The reason for the decrease in the photoconductive film is that in the case of Fig. 2a, the photoconductive film is
This is because the sensitivity is not as high as in the case shown in the figure.

Their dark discharge curves are almost identical, and they are 230
To the right of the milliseconds are indicated 230' and 222'.

To measure the average light and determine the surface voltage to be charged to the photoconductive coating 12, a photocell 32 is placed adjacent the exposed film frame F' and its output is proportional to the amount of light incident on the film. Photocell 32 may be directed toward the subject or may be positioned to pick up light passing through a selected corner of the film by suitable optical equipment.

The photocell 32 of the photometer (or any measurement device thereof) is shown separately from the projector 56. The photoresponsive device 32 monitors the average light of the subject prior to exposure to control film sensitivity, but need not be independent of the projector 56. It can be placed in the projector path to measure the light of the projected image, but it must be responsive before exposure. Photocell 32 responds to average incident light, and the relationship of charging voltage to this condition is determined by a series of tests.

In one example of the device, the output of the photocell 32 is inverted to moderate the signal to light intensity 3, which is advantageous in that it produces a lower charging voltage for light during termination.

Electrons 5 incorporating the charge on the film F into the head 22
134 to monitor. Electrons h134 are arranged to generate a voltage proportional to the direction of surface charging of the non-illuminated portion of the frame, e.g.

Therefore, its output follows the charging curve 200 or 200'.

The output of the photohill 32 and the electronic meter 34 (il 3'j) is supplied to the differential amplifier 3 which is adjusted to have a high gain, and when the input signals become equal, the output voltage of the amplifier drops rapidly. It's like this.J to the variable resistor 39 that changes the human power from the small 1-tre 32, and J111 for the adjustment.
Achieve settings.

The 81 power of the amplifier 36 is supplied to the current driver 38, which is connected to the coil 42a of the relay 42, (2 = 1 il 4
The other end of 2a is grounded via the switch 44 (J3, the switch 42b is controlled by the coil 42a, and the wire A224 in the head 22 is connected to the negative voltage shown by the battery 4. Relay, Itsuchi 1I
Same as 2b, use the normally open switch. Switch 44 is used to switch film frame 1:' to head 22 as shown in FIG.
Closes when properly positioned in front of. This can be done manually by closing the switch, or automatically by a mechanism that drives the film intermittently. Anyway, use this switch to process the charge.

11\l-t 32 supplies a relatively low voltage to amplifier 36 if it senses that the required light of film frame F' is too strong. This means that the charge on the film frame F' is kept relatively small, the electronic meter 34 is prevented from producing a uniform output, and the charging process is completed relatively quickly. In this case, the film is charged to a relatively low peak voltage as shown at point 202' on curve 200' of Figure 2a. On the other hand, if the photohill 32 senses that the incident light is not bright, it supplies a high voltage to the differential amplifier 36, thus generating an output that requires a large charge on the film and terminates the charging process from the electron h134. . In this case, the film is charged to a high peak voltage as shown by point 2 (2) on curve 200 of FIG.

It is preferable to charge the film to the correct peak voltage quickly. J, sujj' is formed by giving (moyoi) not less than 1, which is iiJ ability according to the present invention. zo (1) l!1 mountain [yo fill l\
This is to expose a ilj /1 image on the film, and J: refill /. This is because the charge of 17 decreases before actual destruction occurs. .

As is clear from the graphs in Figures 2 and 28, the appropriate
lit II, which reached the surface position? No amount of time has passed between the moment when the anchor light begins.8. This (J88
In a, it is clear from the fact that the exposure period is changed to 1 after 1 brightness of the light (3). The exposure of one line or image starts at 0.300 seconds, and the horizontal exposure starts at 0.200 seconds in the case of Figure 221. It is advantageous to configure the transition between the end of charging and the start of exposure to a minimum (J). There are mechanical techniques that can be used, such as the mechanisms used to move the mirror in high speed single reflex cameras. However, moving the film is not necessarily an essential condition.A 'ct 1ll line like 24 is provided at the out-of-focus position in the optical array to determine what happens to the image on the b film. Shadow?J b does not give.This is why wire 2
4 may be left in a predetermined position at all times, and exposure may be performed without moving the film F or the YA7 support 22.

Although the apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention can be constructed to determine the exposure time depending on the predetermined level reached by the charge on the film, this is not preferred. Most things you should do/
υIt is preferable to set an exposure time that is satisfactory for which recording and use this time for all exposures. Thus, in Figures 2 and 2a d3, the exposure time is increased by 30 milliseconds, although the sensitivity of the film is adjusted depending on the light conditions and is different in each case. The bright and dark decay curves for both conditions are shown in Figs. The gray color is shown to indicate K IJI+.

If the ratio of 93 resistance and bright resistance of photoconductive wave II9 is low,
The interval 51k>t-11,) becomes critical to the final result achieved because of the problem of 1-1 grading to obtain good gray tones and even 1-1 to 1-1. This is! , second, U+
1 When the decay curve rapidly decreases immediately after the end of charging, the dark decay curve approaches the bright decay curve and the charge of the frame illumination frl≦B11 during a short exposure time. It becomes difficult to obtain a large difference in charge on the non-illuminated parts.In this case, adjust the exposure time to give the dark decay curve a chance to flatten and reduce the illumination part. It is wise to have a large difference between the charge on the - and the charge on the non-illuminated area.

The charge level of the non-illuminated portions of a given film can be ascertained, and this information can be used in the equipment (to control the exposure time) as described below. In the case of photo(! film), it becomes the minimum and the J two-legged solution is not necessary.
This can be confirmed by examining the graph in figure q.

In both of these graphs, illumination of the photoconductive surface 12 causes an immediate rapid discharge, resulting in a large charge difference between the illuminated and unilluminated increments at J3 within 1-2 milliseconds. Therefore, it is not necessary to extend the exposure to the point where the difference between the dark and light decay curves becomes large.

In practice, the discharge curve of an inflation membrane 1- illuminated at intermediate values falls off rapidly, degrading the image if the exposure time is too long. The high discharge rate of photoconductive surfaces is due to their extremely high electrical gain. Intermediate interest 4! For films with a photoconductive surface of 7, it is advantageous to increase the exposure time to a good contrast of 1 to 4q.

This provides good control of density, charcoal tone, etc. on such films.

Returning to FIG. 1 again, explanation will be given. A conventional projector 56 projects the image to be recorded onto frame F'.

As mentioned above, instead of being used for copying, the device can be configured in the form of a small camera with a secondary lens system for direct viewing of the object. Normally closed screen 17 The ivy device 58 is connected to the projector 5
6 and film 1 to control the exposure time.

This shi1! The ivy is driven and listened to at the same time that the tsili process ends due to a drop in the output voltage of the differential amplifier 36.The negative direction pulse of the output of the differential amplifier 36 is detected by the differentiator 62, and fi'; to the hit input terminal of the knob knob 64 (i supply 6, "1" of the flip knob 64
'' terminal energizes the shutter drive mechanism 63.

The shutter drive mechanism 4FJI can be suitably modified or adjusted to have a shutter drive mechanism of 4f, ;i,'(11"ν) of 1t1.

[-Both methods of controlling the exposure achieved (requires equipment that can be easily adapted to the 5L equipment F/1 shot;)
If 8 needs to operate for a scheduled period, 1? An automatic timing device is installed on the ivy structure itself, which allows the ivy to return to the closed state after the scheduled period has elapsed.The secondary wheel 1 can be manually adjusted to adjust the timing during the song.
The connection of the device 6j to the shutter drive mechanism 63 by a broken line 67 indicates that it is an alternative to the circuit shown by a solid line. In such a case, the reset 1~ signal generated by the shutter driver 4; i63 at the same time as the end of the exposure period is used in the flip-flop 64, and this signal is transmitted to the reset terminal R via the conductor 69.

Low interest qff? The second control method, which is only necessary when using film, is somewhat more complex. The non-illuminated part of frame F' before being charged is an electron, ? Supervising the exposure on i34. The output signal of electron n134 is supplied to a high gain differential amplifier 66 in addition to the difference amplifier 36. Amplifier 66 also receives an output voltage from an adjustable reference voltage source 68. The output signal of amplifier 66 is applied via inverter 72 to the reset input terminal of flip-flop 64. Adjustable reference voltage source 68 is configured to terminate exposure of the film when the pre-charging on the non-illuminated portions monitored by electronic control 34 reaches a selected value. Once this point is reached, the output type EE of amplifier 66 drops and flip-flop 64 resets from reset 1 to
and closes the shutter 58. In this case, the shutter drive a 111363 opens the 1F knob 58 when the first signal from the 1J output terminal of the knob 70 of the knob 64 is received, and the second signal from the rIJ output terminal of the flip-flop 64 is opened.
Close the shutter 58 after receiving the signal J, sea urchin f5
1. Shown as step 3 in FIG. 1, this is the second and most important step of the method of the present invention, which involves charging the surface of the film with light that reduces the film frame at a predetermined time or during exposure. It was exposed according to the level and displayed as 4jfru()culm. Fixed time steps are particularly easy to implement and are preferred. As explained earlier, exposure? Immediately after completion of one culm, ]-dog- is fed into film frame 1-'.

Furthermore, a bias electric field of 1 to ner is supplied to the film to accelerate the I.nar particles toward the film. This not only speeds up the toning process, but also distributes the particles only on the charged parts of the frame without lateral diffusion, minimizing edge effects that appear in the image during normal xerography processing. I'm in the middle of the day.

Figure 1 shows block r::;J<S1--ning? of step 4. The culm is started immediately after exposure. J5 in Figures 2 and 28
I-C is 0.330 seconds and 0.23 seconds respectively for this stroke.
Start at time 0 seconds. The toning number can be started in the following way. In the method of fixing the exposure period 11.1, the output signal from the shutter driver 63 indicating the end of the exposure period is passed through the conductor 69 to the MT flip-flop L.
” Rehich l-? This signal is then also supplied to the input terminal of the variable one-shot multivibrator 76. In a method of controlling by the charge level on the photoconductive layer which reduces the exposure time, a reset signal from an inverter 72 is supplied to a variable one-shot multi-by-break 76. Mechanically coupling the shirt shirt 58 itself to the toning mechanism using any other suitable method, such as mechanical coupling -C
This also allows the toning mechanism to be started at the same time as the shutter is closed.

In the illustrated example, the variable one-shot multivibrator 7
As JR1, a type having a variable time constant is selected as JR1. The output signal of the multivibrator 16 is applied to a solenoid of a normally closed solenoid valve 78 connected to a conduit between a liquid toner supply source 82 and a toner distributor 84 located adjacent -C to the film frame F'. , it is necessary to move the film F and the toner distributor 84 relative to each other. It is necessary to provide an appropriate mechanism to achieve this, but this is within the technical scope of those skilled in the art, so the explanation will be omitted.1.
At the same time that 1~ is triggered, valve 78 listens and supplies 1~')-.

The distributor 84 has a hole a4a having the same area as the frame F', so that the frame F' is properly positioned.
Soak the entire area with liquid 1-ner.

The electrode 92 is placed around the periphery of the hole 84a, and this electrode 441
92 through relay switch 94 and battery 96
The battery's second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the battery and grounded.

The output signal of the one-shot multi-by-break 1G is also supplied to the relay 94a that controls the switch 94, and the race switch 94 is closed as long as the one-shot multi-by-break 76 is triggered. By supplying a strong positive potential to the U l-:J- particles to propel them into the film, 1. For example, to distribute the tono-11 more uniformly in areas that are not strongly illuminated and are strongly charged .

(The toner particles arrive at the part of frame F' that was not illuminated during exposure 1j, and when it is illuminated, they adhere in accordance with the amount of time shown in A). Or proportional to the charge of the increment.

If desired, the bias can be varied inversely to the output of the electron side 34 so that a high bias is applied when the direction of the light I11 and therefore the surface band Yi is low. However, it is generally effective to use a fixed DC bias of 50 to 100 pol to achieve a uniform and complete distribution of toner.
Toning can also be done with dry toner using the same method as described above.

Note that the toning times are different in Figures 2 and 2a. Charges on the photoconductive surface do not affect toning. The higher the charging voltage is, the shorter the toning time is required. This is the opposite of increasing the bias. Therefore, assuming that the bias is fixed, in the illumination condition shown by Gusino in Figure 2a, the light
Although the charge is stronger than that shown in the figure, the charge is lower than that shown in FIG. Processing at low voltages requires a somewhat longer toning time, so the toning time in Figure 2a is much higher than the 0 for the case of Figure 2 where the charging voltage is much higher than for the illumination condition of Figure 2a.
．． Period I of 0.770 seconds instead of 670 seconds? There are 11 and 4.

The setting of the time constants of the variable one-shot 1 to multi-bye/1 notaf 6 can be easily controlled at the maximum level of the charge 611 measured by the electronic 3134. , electric fl
If 34 passes through an appropriate control circuit to onesie one piece one-
The necessary information can be supplied to the conductors coupled to the multivibrator 76. Another one, ffJI equipment? 11. of one-shot multi-bye break H'+ by Y. ) The constant can also be stabilized, and in this case, the Aberator uses the appropriate reading from the electronic meter 34 as a reference (1) The device shown in Figure 1 uses a fixed toning intercostal space. The output voltage ends when the voltage generator 7G is reset, and the time interval of -C is determined by the time constant setting. This signal de-energizes the valve 18 and closes it.The same 15
11. Using the number t:j in FIG. 1, the block 11c' of "immediate removal of excess toner" is accepted and the next machining is started.

A signal generated when the one-shot multi-bye router completes is detected by a differentiator 102 and is supplied to another variable one-shot multi-bye break 104 as an input or 1-trigger signal. The time constant of this multivibrator 104 can also be manually adjusted to any desired value. To one shot 1, the output terminal of the multivibrator 104 is connected to a solenoid valve 108 connected to a conduit between the vacuum pump 110 and a node 112 opened on the frame F' side. Any means for supplying suction to the frame F' can be activated by a signal from the multivibrator 104 to the one shot 1. This action draws excess toner away from the illuminated portions of the frame that retain little or no charge, evaporates the drain solvent, and converts the latent image on the frame into a visible image.

This step, shown as step 5, is not mandatory for all devices. In the case of a device that uses a self-evaporating solvent or powder that does not adhere to anything other than the charged parts, there is no need to install a complicated device to remove the excess 1 to 3, and there is no need to carry out a regular process. do not have.

The physical properties of the toner itself and/or the process using it
1 eliminates the need for tonneau removal. Therefore, 1
The expression "toner removal" means that even if such removal is done intentionally, the device or A verator will ask = b, L and c are extra 1~
It is to be understood that this includes cases where the removal of toner is carried out.

In FIG. 1, in the block of step 6, the final step is "toner fusion". In this step c(1), the opening of the valve 108 after the recycle of the variable one-shot multi-vibrator 104 is completed is detected by the differentiator 120(-), and the C signal is supplied to the third variable one-shot multi-vibrator 124. With the output of this multi-pipe beam 1124, a reflector 128 is installed on the front layer, and the lamp 126 is turned A to concentrate infrared rays onto the film F. This heat is Permanently fuse c1-no onto the photoconductive surface of the film and one-shot multi-by-break 124 l+.'1' 17 fl! After completion of recycle determined by setting, runf ``12'' (1 to turn A)
and completes the image recording process.

When the culm 5 that is not inserted into the stroke line is not inserted, the output terminal of the variable 1 non-shot multi-by-break 10/l is connected to the lamp 126 without inserting the elements 120 and 124.
can be connected directly to At this time, if automatic removal of excess toner requires a small amount of time after the toner is dispensed, the signal from the variable one-shot multivibrator 104 can be delayed with a suitable electronic delay device.

The process of the present invention can also be configured to include a transfer step between steps 5 and 6. If it is necessary to use film F to transfer the image to paper or other transfer medium, such transfer occurs immediately after toning.

This is accepted as "transfer" from process block 5 along the dashed line route to process block 5a. Transfer can be carried out by mechanical crimping or by a colob transfer device. After refusing the request, proceed to step 6 according to the broken line indicating the order of processing steps. Here, the transferred toner is fused onto the transfer medium.

In selecting the surface potential represented by the charge state of the photoconductive coating 12, the most logical way to do this is to directly measure the surface using a suitable electric meter, referred to above as an electronic meter. This method changes the response of a surface to a given coroneau voltage 4! It is independent of any changes caused by differences in the surrounding conditions.

In other words, the reading of the surface potential is determined regardless of the corona voltage, which increases depending on the humidity, and the changes in the element over time, etc. 1, which is different from this 4r 12! I!
An even more sophisticated device can be constructed by controlling the corona voltage in relation to the response of the light t1 by means of the Vi position. The present invention includes this means, and also includes a method of measuring or controlling the potential of the surface charge of the target 19 by adjusting the voltage.

In other simple devices, the operator sets the constant of the heavy-duty power supply to a calibrated Daicel reading of 5.1 by using a pivoting control. Read the bar 1, put the reading 11Ii on the dial 1, and after refusing the corona voltage, open the known power supply circuit's dynamic ratio that suddenly rises to the adjusted value.

Although it is not fully automatic, it is more complicated.
A circuit is provided to apply a side force to the J-power source by controlling the surface potential of the photoconductive film (O).This control is calibrated to the light value and displays the surface potential. ] The power supply is manually energized by the operator;
Avoid increasing the voltage until the m value given by the manual adjustment device and the surface charge become equal (or have a predetermined relationship), and stop charging at point 41).

Furthermore, in another device 6, instead of adjusting the surface voltage at which the film frame is charged, a device may be installed that fixes the charging level under all conditions and changes the amount of light projected onto the frame. can.

This can be done by adjusting the aperture of the projector 6 and/or by varying the speed of the shutter 58. Using the IC information obtained by comparison between the photocell 32 and the voltage measuring device 34 which measures the surface potential of the increments of the frame F' in the dark, light adjustment can be carried out manually or automatically. The comparison values are predetermined and incorporated into a device using means that differ slightly from the devices described above.

In all of the above cases, and in the particular arrangement shown and described in detail, the measurement of the amount of light and the measurement of the surface zone may be direct or intermittent in nature. Due to the adjustment of the control unit, the sound is emitted in 01 seconds! However, in accordance with the present invention, such a measurement is possible after a certain period of 1111 when the lifting platform is continuously 1-1. be called.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 shows an electronic film embodying the principles of the present invention.
Figures 2 and 2a of an example of an apparatus for recording an image on an image are shown as dynamic graphs of the apparatus 1 of FIG. F...Electrophotographic film'...Film frame 10...Plastic substrate 12...Photoconductive liquid IJ 14...Drink TF1 layer 16...
...Elastic ground contact 18...Discharge head 22...Charging head 24...Co [I) 11X Soi\732-
...Photocell 34...Electron, 1136, 66...
Differential amplifier 38...Current drive: self 42, 9401.
Relay 46.9G...Moon Moon Source 56...Projector 58...Shutter 62, 102. 120...
Differentiator 63...C11 Ivy Drive III! structure 64...flip-flop 65...timing control device 68...adjustable reference voltage source 76, 104. 124...Variable one-seat multi-by-break 7B, , 10B...Solenoid valve

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In sequential processing steps, the photoconductive member is charged to a peak voltage, exposed to light, and toner is supplied to form an image on the photoconductive member, during which time the photoconductive member is exposed. In a method for forming an image on a photoconductor 115υ0 in which the desired relationship between the light intensity and the sensitivity is adjusted according to the measured light intensity, the photovoltaic power source is adjusted during each processing step for the bands 'di and -1' light. A control device that measures the surface potential and the light intensity, compares both signals in a comparator, and controls the image forming process when the relationship between the surface potential and the light intensity reaches a desired relationship. (+
1 + 3'i is exposed to light, and the control signal is used to stop charging and adjust the peak charging voltage. 1. A method of forming an image on a photoconductive member 1- characterized in that the exposure is stopped after the member is charged and the IC exposure time is controlled. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the exposure of the photoconductive member to light continues for a fixed period of time irrespective of the surface charging potential reached by the photoconductive member during charging. A method of forming an image on a conductive member. 3. A method for forming an image on a photoconductive member according to claim 1, wherein the photoconductive member is charged to a predetermined value. 4. A photoconductive method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a signal is generated at the end of each processing step, and the signal starts the next processing step. A method of forming an image on a member. 5. A method of forming an image on a photoconductive member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the toning time is made inversely proportional to the measured peak charge value.