NO129541B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO129541B NO129541B NO00384/70*[A NO38470A NO129541B NO 129541 B NO129541 B NO 129541B NO 38470 A NO38470 A NO 38470A NO 129541 B NO129541 B NO 129541B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- air
- line
- fuel
- hollow body
- nozzle
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
- F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
- F23R3/14—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex by using swirl vanes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
- F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Description
Anordning ved forbrenningsapparat, særlig for gassturbiner. Device for combustion apparatus, especially for gas turbines.
Denne oppfinnelse vedrører en anordning ved forbrenningsapparat, særlig for gassturbiner, og mere spesielt en anordning for å blande brennstoff og luft i et kontinuerlig brennende forbrenningskammer på en måte som frembringer lite synlig røyk i forbrennings-produktene. This invention relates to a device for a combustion apparatus, particularly for gas turbines, and more particularly a device for mixing fuel and air in a continuously burning combustion chamber in a way that produces little visible smoke in the combustion products.
Med den økende interesse for luftforurensing er synbar røyk blitt av stor betydning ved driften av gassturbinmaskiner i kommersiell luftfart, såvel som gassturbiner som brukes ved drift av kraftverk. With the increasing interest in air pollution, visible smoke has become of great importance in the operation of gas turbine engines in commercial aviation, as well as gas turbines used in the operation of power plants.
Skjønt det tidligere har vært foreslått et stort antall forbrenningskammerkonstruksjoner og luftledeanordninger for samme, har disse forslag generelt tatt sikte på å øke den termodynamiske forbrenningseffektivitet, å regulere temperaturvariasjoner inne i forbrenningskammeret eller å eliminere varmeflekker eller -strimler på foringen eller kammerveggen som kunne føre til en for tidlig utbrenning. Dessuten har sådanne tidligere konstruksjoner en tendens til i høy grad å være avhengig av formen, dvs. at deres karak-teristikker, spesielt røyknivå, har tendens til å variere omfattende med temperaturen, trykket og strømningshastigheten av den luft som tilføres for å underholde forbrenningen, bremselstrålens vinkel og leveringstrykk og plaseringen av oppspednings- og kjølehull. Although a large number of combustion chamber designs and air ducts for the same have been proposed in the past, these proposals have generally aimed to increase the thermodynamic combustion efficiency, to regulate temperature variations inside the combustion chamber, or to eliminate heat spots or streaks on the liner or chamber wall that could lead to a premature burnout. Furthermore, such prior designs tend to be highly shape dependent, ie their characteristics, especially smoke levels, tend to vary widely with the temperature, pressure and flow rate of the air supplied to sustain combustion, the angle and delivery pressure of the brake jet and the location of the boost and cooling holes.
Formålet med oppfinnelsen er å skaffe et forbrenningsapparat som automatisk vil tilpasse seg de rådende termiske forhold. The purpose of the invention is to provide a combustion device which will automatically adapt to the prevailing thermal conditions.
Nærmere bestemt angår oppfinnelsen således et forbrenningsapparat, særlig f<o>or gassturbiner, som omfatter i kombinasjon et hult legeme som avgrenser et forbrenningskammer og som har en åpning ved den ene ende, en ledning som er understøttet av det hule legeme og står i forbindelse med åpningen for å tilføre luft i kammeret, et brenselmunnstykke med en utløpsende som befinner seg generelt sentralt i ledningen for å levere en brensélstråle og er anordnet opp-strøms i forhold til forbindelsen mellom ledningen og det hule legeme, en stengedel som tjener til å begrense strømmen av luft gjennom ledningen og befinner seg mellom munnstykkets utløpsende og ledningen og er utformet med et antall generelt radiale, langstrakte slisser for luftens passasje, hvilke slisser har en aksial lengde og er innbyrdes adskilt således at hver leverer luft til kammeret som en adskilt strøm generelt rettet langs brenselstrålens akse, hvorved forbedret blanding av luften og brenselet oppnåes. Det sær-egne ved oppfinnelsen er at stengedelen er formet med en omkretsflens og en sentral åpning avpasset til glidbart å oppta brenselmunnstykkets utløpsende, og at omkretsflensen opptas bevegelig i et omkretsspor som i det minste delvis er begrenset av ledningen, således at stengedelen er nøyaktig anordnet i forhold til brenselstrålen og en uhindret relativ bevegelse kan finne sted mellom brenselmunnstykket, stengedelen og ledningen under perioder av termisk utvidelse og sammentrekning. More specifically, the invention thus relates to a combustion apparatus, particularly for gas turbines, which comprises in combination a hollow body which defines a combustion chamber and which has an opening at one end, a line which is supported by the hollow body and is connected with the opening for supplying air into the chamber, a fuel nozzle with an outlet end located generally centrally in the line to deliver a jet of fuel and arranged upstream of the connection between the line and the hollow body, a bar member serving to limit the flow of air through the conduit and located between the outlet end of the nozzle and the conduit and is formed with a number of generally radial, elongate slots for the passage of air, which slots have an axial length and are mutually spaced so that each delivers air to the chamber as a generally separate stream directed along the axis of the fuel jet, whereby improved mixing of the air and fuel is achieved. The peculiarity of the invention is that the closing part is shaped with a peripheral flange and a central opening adapted to slideably receive the outlet end of the fuel nozzle, and that the peripheral flange is movably received in a peripheral groove that is at least partially limited by the wire, so that the closing part is precisely arranged relative to the fuel jet and an unimpeded relative movement can take place between the fuel nozzle, shut-off member and conduit during periods of thermal expansion and contraction.
På tegningene viser fig. 1 et aksialt snitt etter linjen In the drawings, fig. 1 an axial section along the line
1 - 1 på fig. 2 av et som eksempel vist forbrenningsapparat ifølge oppfinnelsen for en gassturbin og fig. 2 viser en del av et snitt etter linjen 2 - 2 på fig. 1 i større målestokk. 1 - 1 on fig. 2 of a combustion device according to the invention shown as an example for a gas turbine and fig. 2 shows part of a section along the line 2 - 2 in fig. 1 on a larger scale.
Fig. 1 viser et kontinuerlig brennende forbrenningsapparat 10 av den type som egner seg til bruk i en gassturbinmaskin og om^ fatter et hult legeme 12 som avgrenser et indre forbrenningskammer 14 og som er formet med en kuppelformet ende 16 og er, som vist på fig. 2, generelt ringformet, men oppfinnelsen er ikke begrenset til en sådan ringform og kan anvendes med like stor effektivitet i for-brenningsapparater av kjent sylindrisk boks- eller bokslignende type. Fig. 1 shows a continuous burning combustion apparatus 10 of the type suitable for use in a gas turbine engine and comprising a hollow body 12 defining an internal combustion chamber 14 and which is formed with a domed end 16 and is, as shown in Fig. . 2, generally annular, but the invention is not limited to such an annular shape and can be used with equal efficiency in combustion devices of the known cylindrical box or box-like type.
Det hule legemes 12 kuppelformede ende 16 har et antall med mellomrom anbragte åpninger 18 som hver står i forbindelse med en passende ledning 2 0 og er bestemt til å levere i det minste en del av den luft som kreves for forbrenning av brennstoffet og opp-spredning av de gassformige forbrenningsprodukter inne i kammeret 14. Ledningen 20 er festet til kuppelenden 16 ved 22, såsom ved sveising eller på annen egnet måte og rager oppstrøms fra åpningene The dome-shaped end 16 of the hollow body 12 has a number of spaced openings 18 each of which communicates with a suitable conduit 20 and is intended to supply at least a portion of the air required for combustion of the fuel and expansion of the gaseous products of combustion inside the chamber 14. The conduit 20 is attached to the dome end 16 at 22, such as by welding or by other suitable means, and projects upstream from the openings
18 hvor den ender i en radial flens 24. 18 where it ends in a radial flange 24.
Det hule legeme 12 kan være formet med et antall kjølende luftpassasjer 26 avpasset til å levere et beskyttende grenselag av kjøleluft langs de indre veggflater av det hule legeme, og et antall spedelufthull 28 for levering av den gjenværende del av den nødvendige forbrenningsluft. Som brukt her omfatter uttrykket "forbrenningsluft" både den luft som kreves for kjemisk fullstendig forbrenning av brenselet eller for en støkiometrisk forbrenning, The hollow body 12 can be shaped with a number of cooling air passages 26 adapted to supply a protective boundary layer of cooling air along the inner wall surfaces of the hollow body, and a number of air holes 28 for supplying the remaining part of the required combustion air. As used herein, the term "combustion air" includes both the air required for chemically complete combustion of the fuel or for a stoichiometric combustion,
og enhver overskudds- eller tilsetningsluft som kan kreves for å fullstendiggjøre forbrenningen og senke temperaturen av de gassformige forbreoningsprodukter til en temperatur tilstrekkelig lav til å muliggjøre deres effektive anvendelse, f.eks. til drift av et tur-bomaskineri. and any excess or make-up air which may be required to complete combustion and lower the temperature of the gaseous combustion products to a temperature sufficiently low to enable their effective use, e.g. for the operation of a tour-housing machinery.
Det hule legeme 12 kan være omsluttet av en egnet kappe The hollow body 12 can be enclosed by a suitable jacket
30 som har en oppstrøms endepassasje 32 som står i forbindelse med en trykkluftkilde, f.eks. utløpsenden av en gassturbinaskins kom-pressor . 30 which has an upstream end passage 32 which is connected to a source of compressed air, e.g. the discharge end of a gas turbine's compressor.
En ringformet snutemontering 34 kan anvendes for å lede trykkluften fra passasjen 32 til åpningene 18, kjøleluftpassasjene 26 og spedelufthullene 28. Ifølge fig. 1 er snutemonteringen 34 festet til det hule legeme 12 og er rettet oppstrøms fra dette for å avgrense et kammer 36 oppstrøms fra det hule legemes kuppelende 16 og en passasje 38 for levering av trykkluften til kammeret 36. An annular nozzle assembly 34 can be used to direct the compressed air from the passage 32 to the openings 18, the cooling air passages 26 and the cooling air holes 28. According to fig. 1, the muzzle assembly 34 is attached to the hollow body 12 and is directed upstream therefrom to define a chamber 36 upstream from the dome end 16 of the hollow body and a passage 38 for supplying the compressed air to the chamber 36.
Den ytre kappe 30 er således dimensjonert i forhold til snutemonteringen 34 og det hule legeme 12 at der avgrenses ringfor-mede passasjer 40 og 42 mellom samme, hvis funksjon delvis er å levere trykkluft fra passasjen 32 til kjøleluftpassasjene 26 og spedelufthullene 28. The outer casing 30 is dimensioned in such a way in relation to the muzzle assembly 34 and the hollow body 12 that ring-shaped passages 40 and 42 are defined between them, the function of which is partly to deliver compressed air from the passage 32 to the cooling air passages 26 and the cooling air holes 28.
En brenselmunnstykkeanordning 44 med, en utløpsende 46 avpasset til å levere minst én generelt konisk stråle av brensel (be-tegnet generelt 4 8) om aksen 4 9 er tilveiebrag.t for hver av hullege-mets åpninger 18. Hvert munnstykke 44 er festet til kappen 30, som ved 50, og er rettet innad gjennom kappen 30 og snutemonteringen 34 og ender ved utløpsenden 46. Munnstykkets utløpsende 46 kan omfatte en skjerm av vel kjent type og er formet med en fortrinnsvis sylindrisk ytre overflate 52. A fuel nozzle assembly 44 having an outlet end 46 adapted to deliver at least one generally conical jet of fuel (designated generally 48) about the axis 49 is provided for each of the apertures 18 of the hollow body. Each nozzle 44 is attached to the jacket 30, as at 50, and is directed inwards through the jacket 30 and the muzzle assembly 34 and ends at the outlet end 46. The outlet end 46 of the nozzle may comprise a screen of a well-known type and is shaped with a preferably cylindrical outer surface 52.
Anordning for å lede i det minste en del av forbrennings-luften inn i kammeret 14 om munnstykkets utløpsende 46, er vist ved 54 og omfatter en stengedel 56 mellom munnstykkeenden 46 og ledningen 20. Device for directing at least part of the combustion air into the chamber 14 about the outlet end 46 of the nozzle, is shown at 54 and comprises a closing part 56 between the nozzle end 46 and the line 20.
Stengedelen 56, se særlig fig. 2, er formet med et antall adskilte langstrakte slisser 58 som forløper i det vesentlige radi-alt i forhold til brenselstrålens akse 49. The closing part 56, see in particular fig. 2, is formed with a number of separate elongated slits 58 which extend essentially radially in relation to the axis 49 of the fuel jet.
Stengedelen 56 kan omfatte en oppstrømsdel 66 med en utvidet ende 68 og er avpasset til å avgrense en ringformet passasje 70 mellom kammeret 36 og slissene 58 for effektivt å lede luft på en hovedsakelig strømlinjet måte fra kammeret 36 til slissene 58. The closure portion 56 may include an upstream portion 66 with an extended end 68 and is adapted to define an annular passage 70 between the chamber 36 and the slits 58 to effectively direct air in a substantially streamlined manner from the chamber 36 to the slits 58.
Som vist på fig. 1 og 2 er stengedelen 56 festet til ledningen 20 på en måte som tillater relativ bevegelse mellom munnstykket 44, stengedelen 56 og ledningen 20 under perioder av termisk utvidelse og sammentrekning. Til dette formål omfatter stengedelen en omkretsflens 72 som opptas og flyter i et omkretsspor 74 dannet ved hjelp av en holdering 76 og ledningsflensen 24. Dreining av stengedelen 56 i forhold til munnstykket 46 og ledningen 20 kan hindres ved anordning av ører 80 som rager ut fra flensen 79 gjennom slisser 82 som er formet i holderingen 76. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the closure member 56 is attached to the conduit 20 in a manner that permits relative movement between the nozzle 44, the closure member 56 and the conduit 20 during periods of thermal expansion and contraction. For this purpose, the closing part comprises a circumferential flange 72 which is taken up and floats in a circumferential groove 74 formed by means of a retaining ring 76 and the lead flange 24. Rotation of the closing part 56 in relation to the nozzle 46 and the lead 20 can be prevented by the arrangement of ears 80 which protrude from the flange 79 through slots 82 which are formed in the retaining ring 76.
Ifølge fig. 1 omfatter stengedelen 56 en sentralt anbragt bærehylse eller -krave 84 med en sentral åpning 86 dimensjonert til glidende å oppta den utvendige overflate 52 av munnstykkets utløps-ende 4 6 med tett pasning. Hylsen 84 kan være rettet oppstrøms fra slissene 58 for å bestemme den indre grense av passasjen 70 og kan være utvidet som ved 88> for å lette innføringen av munnstykket i åpningen 86. According to fig. 1, the closing part 56 comprises a centrally placed carrying sleeve or collar 84 with a central opening 86 dimensioned to slidably accommodate the outer surface 52 of the outlet end 4 6 of the nozzle with a tight fit. The sleeve 84 may be directed upstream from the slots 58 to define the inner boundary of the passage 70 and may be extended as at 88> to facilitate the insertion of the nozzle into the opening 86.
Skjønt stengedelen 5 6 er vist anbragt ved oppstrømsenden av ledningen 20, er det klart at den kan være anordnet mellom led-ningens ender, ledningen kan elimineres og stengedelen være anbragt ved endeåpningen 18 av det hule legeme, eller luftledningsanordnin-gen 56 kan være formet i ett med det hule.legeme 12. Although the closing part 56 is shown placed at the upstream end of the line 20, it is clear that it can be arranged between the ends of the line, the line can be eliminated and the closing part be placed at the end opening 18 of the hollow body, or the air line device 56 can be shaped in one with the hollow body 12.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US79639169A | 1969-02-04 | 1969-02-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO129541B true NO129541B (en) | 1974-04-22 |
Family
ID=25168090
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO00384/70*[A NO129541B (en) | 1969-02-04 | 1970-02-03 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3589127A (en) |
BE (1) | BE745343A (en) |
CH (1) | CH523471A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2004702A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK126704B (en) |
ES (1) | ES376005A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2033912A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1297244A (en) |
NL (1) | NL7000956A (en) |
NO (1) | NO129541B (en) |
SE (1) | SE356554B (en) |
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US2560223A (en) * | 1948-02-04 | 1951-07-10 | Wright Aeronautical Corp | Double air-swirl baffle construction for fuel burners |
US3031012A (en) * | 1957-12-27 | 1962-04-24 | Gen Thermique Procedes Brola S | Combustion apparatus |
US3064424A (en) * | 1959-09-30 | 1962-11-20 | Gen Motors Corp | Flame tube |
GB1031184A (en) * | 1964-02-26 | 1966-06-02 | Arthur Henry Lefebvre | An improved fuel injection system for gas turbine engines |
GB1135670A (en) * | 1966-04-20 | 1968-12-04 | Rolls Royce | Combustion chamber for a gas turbine engine |
-
1969
- 1969-02-04 US US796391A patent/US3589127A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1970
- 1970-01-20 GB GB1297244D patent/GB1297244A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-01-20 SE SE00645/70A patent/SE356554B/xx unknown
- 1970-01-23 NL NL7000956A patent/NL7000956A/xx unknown
- 1970-01-29 ES ES376005A patent/ES376005A1/en not_active Expired
- 1970-02-02 DK DK48970AA patent/DK126704B/en unknown
- 1970-02-02 BE BE745343D patent/BE745343A/en unknown
- 1970-02-03 DE DE19702004702 patent/DE2004702A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1970-02-03 FR FR7003796A patent/FR2033912A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-02-03 CH CH150170A patent/CH523471A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-02-03 NO NO00384/70*[A patent/NO129541B/no unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH523471A (en) | 1972-05-31 |
FR2033912A5 (en) | 1970-12-04 |
GB1297244A (en) | 1972-11-22 |
DK126704B (en) | 1973-08-13 |
SE356554B (en) | 1973-05-28 |
NL7000956A (en) | 1970-08-06 |
BE745343A (en) | 1970-07-16 |
ES376005A1 (en) | 1972-03-16 |
DE2004702A1 (en) | 1970-09-10 |
US3589127A (en) | 1971-06-29 |
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