RO137188A0 - Plant and process for molecular disintegration and energy recovery from waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a plant and a process for the molecular disintegration of waste at high temperatures and the use of the resulting fuel gases in the internal combustion engine of a current generator or in a turbine in order to produce electric power and hydrogen. The claimed plant consists of a molecular disintegration reactor (1) composed of a primary reactor (1a) and a secondary reactor (1b), fed by a conveyor belt (16), the reactor (1) being connected to a separation cyclone (2) connected to a tar filter (3), a heat exchanger (4) connected to the filters (5 and 6), a heat exchanger (7) connected to a vacuum pump (8), some gas filters (9 and 10) that feed a compressor (11) that compresses the gases in the tank (12) and supplies the current generator (13). The claimed process consists in feeding the reactor (1) through the conveyor belt (16) and the feed tank (14) with waste at a humidity < 25% which is decomposed in the primary reactor (1a) at temperatures between 680...1050°C, for 5...12 min, and in the secondary reactor (1b) at 400...800°C, for 5...20 min, the gases being filtered through the tar filter (3) at a temperature between 900...1100°C and through the molecular sieve-type filters (5 and 6) with zeolites, the resulting gases being cooled to 40°C in the heat exchanger (7) and transported by means of a vacuum pump (8) to the filters (9 and 10) where they are filtered for alkalinity and acidity, followed by gas compression with the compressor (11) in the tank (12) and their supply into the generator (13) for the production of electric current, the thermal recovery of the burnt gases in the heat exchanger (17) and the use of the electric current obtained for the production of hydrogen in the electrolyser (18) .

Description

STATE OFFICE FOR INVENTIONS AND TRADEMARKS Patent application

No...................

9 -08- 2022

Deposit date

Installation and process for molecular disintegration and energy recovery of waste

The invention relates to an installation and a process for the molecular disintegration and energy recovery of waste.

Molecular disintegration of waste is the destructive physical-chemical decomposition of waste at high temperatures. The disintegration of waste results in combustible gases, amorphous carbon and ash. The resulting fuel gases can be fed into the internal combustion engine of the power generator or into a turbine to obtain electricity and hydrogen.

The quality and composition of the gases resulting from molecular disintegration depends on the type of raw material processed, on the humidity, size and density of the raw material, respectively the waste.

Molecular decay is an endothermic thermal process.

A known method of processing organic materials into gaseous and liquid fuel and a device for its implementation is described in patent RU 2265625.

According to this method, processed organic materials are introduced into the pyrolysis chamber of the thermoreactor through the dehumidification chamber, heated without air in the heating zone of the dehumidification chamber, and then into the pyrolysis chamber until the pyrolysis products turn into gas and vapor, which they are later condensed into liquid fuel.

in patent RU 2182684 a method and a device for thermal processing of organic raw materials are presented. This method involves feeding raw materials into the pyrolysis reactor through a sluice chamber and has a gas and vapor separation system that includes a series of cyclones, a catalytic nozzle, a condenser, a mass exchange column, a cyclone active centrifugal, a centrifugal fan, and a regulator. The gas-steam separation system described in the patent is quite complex, as well as the complex gas-steam removal, being difficult to remove the coke formed. The most important disadvantages of this method of thermal processing of organic raw materials are that air is taken from the environment, compounds harmful to human health are obtained and semi-coke is obtained, which is only suitable for fuel because it is not purified. The device has a loading and dosing device, a moisture removal chamber, a pyrolysis chamber, devices for cleaning and condensing products in the form of gases and vapors. The disadvantages are that the mentioned method of thermal processing of organic materials is based on the principle of dry distillation, which is an intermittent process, and in addition, the recycled materials must be dried, requiring a complex purification of gases from mineral substances.

RO 137188 AO currently, many companies in the world are developing technologies for obtaining alternative fuels from organic waste.

Examples of the realization of such technologies can be the Torrax method developed by the American companies Andco and Carborundum, the Purox method developed by the American companies Union Carbide, pyrolysis of waste in vertical shaft reactors with liquid slag removal studied by the American scientific company Urban Research., and the Japanese firm Nippon Stell and with solid slag removal developed in the American Battelle-Northwest process. The Swedish company "Motala Verkstad" developed the "Pyrogos" technology for the use of very hot pyrolysis (up to +1500°C) of a mixture of organic waste with fine coal.

The disadvantages of the previously mentioned technical solutions are:

- pyrolysis of waste produces pyrolysis oils that require further processing;

- high costs of installations and regular operation;

- results in carcinogenic effects.

The problem that the invention solves is to provide a closed circuit method where the disintegration temperatures are obtained with the help of electrical resistances, the gases resulting from the disintegration are stored in pressure tanks and the coal/ash is packed directly without the release of dust into the atmosphere and without combustion gases as well as using the fuel gas mixture to drive the internal combustion engine/turbine and using a cogeneration technique.

The installation for molecular disintegration and energy recovery of waste removes the previously mentioned disadvantages in that it consists of a molecular disintegration reactor 1 composed of a primary reactor 1a and a secondary reactor 1b, fed by the conveyor belt 16, reactor 1 being in connection with a separation cyclone 2, connected to a tar filter 3, a heat exchanger 4, connected to filters 5,6; the heat exchanger 7 connected to the vacuum pump 8, the gas filters 9,10 which feed the compressor 11, which compresses the gases in the tank 12 and feeds the current generator 13.

The process for molecular disintegration and energy recovery of waste removes the previously mentioned disadvantages in that the waste at a humidity of less than 25% fed through the conveyor belt 16 and the feed tank 4 are decomposed in the primary reactor 1a and the secondary reactor 1b at temperatures between 680 and 1050 degrees Celsius in primary reactor 1a for 5-12 minutes, and 400-800 degrees Celsius in secondary reactor 1 b for 5-20 minutes, gas filtration in tar filter 3 at 900-1100 degrees Celsius and screen filters molecular with zeolites 5,6, cooling the gases to 40 degrees Celsius in

RO 137188 AO the heat exchanger 7, the gas transport being ensured by the vacuum pump 8; filtering the gases in filters 9 and 10 for basicity and acidity followed by compression with the compressor 11 in the tank 12, and introducing the gases into the generator 13 for the production of electric current and the thermal recovery of the burnt gases in the heat exchanger 17, and the use of the current obtained in the production of hydrogen in the electrolyser 18.

By applying the invention, the following advantages are obtained:

- the disintegration of waste into combustion gases in a closed circuit;

- disintegration of waste with very high efficiency without emissions;

- operational flexibility in terms of raw material;

-small amount of exhaust gases and efficient waste heat recovery.

The molecular disintegration process recovers energy from waste through heat treatment. The waste is converted into a combustible gas under controlled conditions. The molecular disintegration process according to the invention is defined as the thermal degradation of waste to produce coal/ash and a combustible gas mixture.

in the process of molecular disintegration, the raw material in solid or liquid form is introduced into the reactor with the help of feeders that ensure the tightness of the entire system in the upper part. The result is a turbulent mixture of gases and solids between which several chemical reactions take place. The molecular disintegration process according to the invention is able to eliminate the formation of polluting emissions.

an embodiment of the invention is given below. Figure 1 represents the plant for molecular disintegration of waste according to the invention.

The conveyor belt 16 introduces the raw materials or the waste into the molecular disintegration reactor 1 which is composed of the primary reactor 1a at the top where the raw material is introduced, and the secondary reactor 1b. The working temperature of the primary reactor 1a depends on the raw material and is between 680 and 1050 degrees Celsius. This temperature is obtained with the help of electrical resistances. Stationary times of the raw material in the primary reactor are between 5 and 12 minutes. in the primary reactor, the partial disintegration of the raw material takes place, i.e. the removal of volatile products, the partial decomposition of moisture and the partial activation of free carbon.

From the primary reactor 1a, the raw material goes to the secondary reactor 1b, the lower part, where the working temperature is between 400 and 800 degrees Celsius, unless we want to get biochar when the working temperature is 150-400 degrees Celsius. from

RO 137188 AO reactor 1 the carbon/ash is removed through a special exhaust vat 15 that ensures the tightness of the installation.

The gases resulting from the molecular disintegration are continuously evacuated with the help of a vacuum pump 8 and reach the separation cyclone 2, where the fine ash particles entrained by the gases are separated.

From the cyclone 2, the gases pass into the tar filter 3 which has a mixture of zeolites, dolomite and coal as filler. This filter works at temperatures between 900 and 1100 degrees Celsius. From the tar filter, the gases reach the heat exchanger 4 where they cool down. From the heat exchanger 4, the gases pass to the filter for sulfur compounds 5 and the filter for heavy metals 6. These filters contain molecular sieves of the zeolite type with variable granulation in several layers as a filler.

From filters 5 and 6, the gases reach the heat exchanger 7 where they cool down to 40 degrees Celsius.

From the heat exchanger 7, the gases pass through a system of additional filters 9 and 10 to remove traces of acidity and alkalinity, after which they are compressed in the storage tank 12, with the help of the compressor 11. From the storage tank 12, the gases pass to the generator current 13, and electric current is obtained which can be fed into the electricity network or linked to a hydrogen generator to obtain hydrogen.

The installation is used for the molecular disintegration and energy recovery of municipal household waste, industrial waste (textiles, rubber, wood, paper, plastic, etc.), sludge from wastewater treatment plants, used tires, oil waste, biomass, etc.

The resulting gases contain carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen.

RO 137188 AO

Claims (2)

Claims: 1. The installation for the molecular disintegration and energy recovery of waste, characterized by the fact that it consists of a molecular disintegration reactor (1), composed of a primary reactor (1a) and a secondary reactor (1b), fed by the conveyor belt ( 16), the reactor (1) being connected to a separation cyclone (2) connected to a tar filter (3), a heat exchanger (4) connected to the filters (5), (6); the heat exchanger (7) connected to the vacuum pump (8), the gas filters (9), (10) which feed the compressor (11) which compresses the gases in the tank (12) and feeds the current generator (13). 2. Process for the molecular disintegration and energy recovery of waste characterized by the fact that the waste at a humidity of less than 25% fed through the conveyor belt (16) and the feed tank (14) is decomposed in the primary reactor (1a) and the secondary reactor ( 1 b) at temperatures between 680 and 1050 degrees Celsius in the primary reactor (1a) for 5-12 minutes and 400-800 degrees Celsius in the secondary reactor (1b) for 5-20 minutes, filtering the gases in the tar filter ( 3) at 900-1100 degrees Celsius and in the molecular sieve type filters with zeolites (5), (6), cooling the gases to 40 degrees Celsius in the heat exchanger (7), the gas transport being ensured by the vacuum pump (8); filtering the gases in the filters (9) and (10) for basicity and acidity, followed by compression with the compressor (11) in the tank (12) and introducing the gases into the generator (13) for the production of electricity and the thermal recovery of the burnt gases in the exchanger of heat (17) and the use of the current obtained in the production of hydrogen in the electrolyser (18).