RU2539307C1 - Method for reducing formation of scale in engine operating on fuel from vegetable oil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for the reduction of formation of scale in a combustion chamber of engines operating on pure vegetable oils and mixed fuels (a mixture of diesel fuel and vegetable oil) and can be used in feed and lubrication systems of internal combustion engines operating on high-viscosity bio-diesel fuels on the basis of vegetable oils such as pure vegetable oils, mixed fuels from vegetable oils. The method for reducing the formation of scale in an engine operating on fuel from vegetable oil consists in the fact that to the fuel there added is an additive in the form of a nano-disperse powder containing carbon in the form of thermally split acid-intercalated graphite with silicone dioxide and aluminium trioxide. The concentration of the nano-disperse powder in the fuel and/or in engine oil is 0.01…0.1%.

EFFECT: reduction and removal of deposits from combustion products of vegetable oils in a combustion chamber of an engine and at the level of injectors.

Description

The invention relates to methods for reducing carbon formation in a combustion chamber of engines operating on pure vegetable oils and mixed fuels (a mixture of diesel fuel and vegetable oil), and can be used in power systems and lubrication of internal combustion engines operating on high-viscosity biodiesel fuels based on vegetable oils, such as pure vegetable oils, mixed fuels from vegetable oils.

The invention relates to the composition and use of nanodispersed powder added to fuel and engine oil.

Known detergent and anticorrosion additives for automotive fuels, in particular gas oil fuels containing amide or imide groups, obtained by condensation of a C-carbon compound, which is a primary polyamine, with a compound A, which is at least one polyalkylene carboxyl compound, diacid or anhydride, and compound B, which is at least one linear or branched carboxyl compound, monoacid or anhydride (RU 2165448, C10L 1/22, 1997).

The known invention, consisting of carbon-containing compounds, does not provide for the removal of deposits formed in the combustion chamber of engines operating on fuels from vegetable oils, which lead to the deposition of loose soot on nozzle nozzles, clogging of nozzle openings, and sticking of piston rings.

There is a method according to which a detergent and anticorrosion additive for automobile fuels, adopted as a prototype, is introduced into the fuel in the form of a nanodispersed powder consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum trioxide and thermally split acid intercalated graphite, which ensure the destruction and decomposition of soot on the walls of the combustion chamber (TU 0253- 002-13615654-2011).

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of removing carbon from the walls of the combustion chamber in diesel engines and from the spraying nozzle openings when using vegetable oils as fuel.

An object of the invention is to protect the engine from the adverse effects of high viscosity biodiesel fuels on engine systems, removing deposits in the combustion chamber of the engine and at the level of the nozzles without stopping or losing engine functionality.

The technical task of the present invention is to reduce and prevent the formation of deposits in the combustion chamber and at the level of the nozzles without stopping the engine and losing its functionality, maintaining a high dispersion of fuels when the engine is running on fuels from vegetable oils, without additional adjustments to the fuel equipment.

The stated technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of reducing carbon buildup in an engine running on fuel from vegetable oil, which consists in adding an additive in the form of nanodispersed powder containing carbon in the form of thermally split acid-intercalated graphite with silicon dioxide and aluminum trioxide into the fuel, according to the invention, the concentration of nanodispersed powder in the fuel and / or in the engine oil is 0.01 ... 0.1%.

When nanodispersed powder is added to the engine oil, the gaps in the moving parts of the cylinder-piston group are reduced and the compression is increased, which helps to reduce the penetration of fuels from vegetable oils into the engine crankcase, and the washing properties of the engine oil are also improved. When nanodispersed powder is added to highly viscous biofuels (for example, fuel from vegetable oils), the formation of soot in the combustion chamber of the engine is significantly reduced and its removal from the firing surface of the piston and at the level of nozzles is ensured.

The average particle size of the nanopowder composition is 14 nanometers. Silicon dioxide is involved in the formation of tribopolymers and increases the adsorption ability of additive molecules, has a detergent dispersing property; aluminum trioxide replaces iron atoms on the friction surface and changes its wear resistance; thermally cleaved acid intercalated graphite is the center of micelle formation with increasing temperature. Nanodispersed powder can be delivered to the combustion chamber of the engine with fuel. Dilution with fuel can be carried out during the production of fuel or during refueling in the fuel tank or during engine operation in any part of the fuel equipment. Additional tuning of the fuel equipment of the internal combustion engine when adding nanodispersed powder to the fuel is not required. Diluted nanodispersed powder in engine oil provides a reduction in the gaps between the rubbing parts, as a result, an increase in compression and a decrease in the ingress of fuel into the engine oil and an increase in the washing properties of the engine oil, which allows creating optimal conditions in the combustion chamber to remove carbon deposits.

When nanodispersed powder is introduced into the fuel, its active molecules in the process of fuel combustion in the combustion chamber break down carbon deposits on the walls of the combustion chamber and nozzles, which are then removed from the combustion chamber together with the exhaust gases. When nanodispersed powder is introduced into engine oil, its active molecules during engine operation provide improved washing properties of engine oil, reduced gaps between rubbing parts, and increased compression. This composition of nanodispersed powder provides a reduction and removal of deposits from the combustion products of vegetable oils in the combustion chamber of the engine and at the level of the nozzles. In comparison with the known additive, the combination of silicon dioxide, aluminum trioxide, thermally split acid intercalated graphite, introduced not only into fuel, but also into engine oil, helps to reduce and remove deposits from the combustion products of vegetable oils in the combustion chamber of the engine and at the level of the nozzles.

The method consists in the fact that a product consisting of silicon dioxide, aluminum trioxide, thermally split acid intercalated graphite with an average particle size of 14 nanometers in the form of a nanosized powder is introduced into the engine oil and into the combustion chamber with fuel. Prepared fuel with a nanosized powder content of 0.01 ... 0.1% enters the combustion chamber. In the process of combustion, the active molecules of nanodispersed powder destroy and break down carbon deposits on the walls of the combustion chamber and on the nozzles. During engine operation, active nanosized powder molecules diluted in engine oil provide improved detergent properties of engine oil, reduced gaps between rubbing parts, and increased compression. Silicon dioxide participates in the formation of tribopolymers and increases the adsorption capacity of combustion products, provides detergent dispersing properties of fuel, aluminum trioxide replaces iron atoms on the friction surface and changes its wear resistance, thermally split acid-intercalated graphite is the center of micelle formation with increasing temperature. Cleaved and bound by active molecules, carbon deposits are then removed from the combustion chamber together with the exhaust gases. Additional tuning of internal combustion engine systems is not required.

Nanodispersed powder can be added to fuels from vegetable oils and to engine oil during production, during refueling, or during engine operation in appropriate engine systems.

The proposed method provides a reduction and removal of deposits from the combustion products in the combustion chamber of the engine and at the level of the nozzles without stopping and losing engine functionality when working on fuels from vegetable oils.

The method is used to operate automotive engines on highly viscous biodiesel fuels.

The effectiveness of the proposed method consists in a high degree of purification from deposits of the combustion chamber of the engine and at the level of the nozzles, reducing the decrease in the effective flow area of the nozzle nozzle openings during operation and increasing their service life, increasing the maintenance period of the engine running on vegetable oil fuels.

Claims (1)

A method of reducing carbon buildup in an engine running on a fuel from a vegetable oil, which consists in adding an additive in the form of a nanosized powder containing carbon in the form of thermally split acid-intercalated graphite with silicon dioxide and aluminum trioxide, characterized in that the concentration of nanosized powder in the fuel and / or in engine oil is 0.01 ... 0.1%.