RU2568403C2 - Forging-reeling mill for production of large-diameter rings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to metal forming and may be used for production of large-diameter rings. Detachable unit composed of vertically displacing bearing beam is arranged at the bed. Top tool to machine ring inner surface from above is fitted at said beam. Bottom tool is mounted at moving table to machine the ring outer surface from below. Detachable unit allows replacement of said top working tool outside the working position. Interchangeable sets of hammers or rollers are used as top and bottom tools. Ring driving rollers are secured at the bed for interaction with its outer surface, intermittent ring turn at processing by said set of matters and continuous revolution at machining by said set of rollers. Bottom roller is equipped with rotary drive.

EFFECT: higher machining precision, hence, decreased allowance for machining.

7 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, and in particular to units for the manufacture of rings of large diameter (large shells).

A device is known for rolling large forging rings (inventor's certificate SU No. 824537), comprising a frame with vertical guides, in which a slider is installed with the possibility of sliding using a drive, which is a carrier for the upper tool, made in the form of a striker for processing from above the outer surface of the ring of large diameter mounted on the drive mandrel, which provides processing of the inner surface of the ring and its rotation. Thus, a block (in the form of a slider) is connected to the bed, including a tool for processing the outer surface of the ring from above. In addition, the device is equipped with side strikers - an additional tool designed to process the end surfaces of a large diameter ring blank.

The described device provides the transfer of deforming forces to the outer surface of the annular workpiece and the end surfaces throughout the application process of effort to improve the quality of processing and the structure of the metal. At the same time, this device does not allow to get rid of the inherent faceting of all forged products. This fact makes it impossible to reduce radial allowances for further machining, therefore, it increases the consumption of metal.

From the description of the certificate of authorship SU No. 1442317, a device for forging rolling of shells or rings of large diameter is known, including a bed, a block moving in a vertical plane with an upper tool, and also a lower tool mounted on additional drive mandrels for turning the ring. The upper tool is made in the form of a striker intended for processing the outer surface of the shell from above, and the lower tool is made in the form of a roller (striker of cylindrical shape), designed to process the inner surface of this ring from below. The end surfaces of the ring on both sides are also deformed with the help of an additional side tool - side strikers. The ring is mounted on the specified roll as a rotary mandrel.

The specified device is selected as the closest analogue.

When using the known means, the faceting of a large-diameter ring inherent in all forged products is not eliminated, because the action of the striker on the outer surface of this ring. As for the roll, when performing the function of supporting the installed ring (shell) and turning, this roll provides rolling with a minimally pronounced faceting only on the inner surface of the ring. Consequently, the use of dissimilar tools in the form of a striker and a roll does not provide a product with minimal allowances and precise geometry.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to expand the technological capabilities of the device, and the technical result is to increase the accuracy of the geometric shape of the products, providing minimal allowances for machining the surface of the ring, while maintaining the metal structure characteristic of forged products.

The problem is solved in that the forging-rolling unit for the manufacture of large-diameter rings includes a bed, a removable unit associated with the bed with the possibility of vertical movement in the working position, located on the bed and made in the form of a carrier beam with an upper working tool installed on it, designed for processing from above the inner surface of the ring, a movable table with a lower working tool for processing from below the outer surface of the ring, made with the possibility of moving between at the indicated working position and the position located on the technological bridge adjacent to the bed, the upper and lower working tools are made in the form of an interchangeable set of strikers with upper and lower strikers and a set of rolls with upper and lower rolls, the removable block is made with the possibility of replacing the upper tool outside the working position, and drive rollers for mounting the ring are fixed on the bed, made with the possibility of interaction with the outer surface of the ring, its periodic rotation the processing kit and the continuous rotation of the strikers when processing a set of rolls, wherein the lower roller has a drive of its rotation.

The inventive forging-rolling unit is equipped with two identical side systems, each of which is installed on the corresponding side of the bed and is made with holders for mounting the tool, made in the form of an additional set of strikers or an additional set of rolls, and the side systems with the corresponding additional set are designed for processing the end surface rings at the same time using an identical set of upper and lower tools.

It is advisable to make a lateral system in the form of a lateral base mounted on the foundation, on which slider guides are made with a holder containing fastening elements of an additional hammer or additional roll and able to move by means of a piston hydraulic cylinder installed in the base.

In the claimed invention, the movable table is made with roller bearings for installing the lower roll.

In the claimed invention, each drive roller for installing the ring is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder for adjusting its height position.

In this case, the corresponding hydraulic cylinder is associated with means for controlling the supply of working fluid to the hydraulic cylinder, depending on the load on the drive rollers with damping.

In addition, it is advisable that the working surface of the upper striker, designed to interact with the surface of the ring, was made cylindrical convex in shape.

The invention is illustrated as follows.

The use of two interchangeable tool sets in the device - a set of strikers and a set of rolls is intended for the implementation of technological operations of blacksmith forging and rolling in the manufacture of rings of large diameter.

The location of the upper and lower tools determines the application of deforming forces on the inner and outer surfaces of the ring, sequentially using strikers and rolls in the manufacture of the product, respectively.

To ensure replacement of the lower tool of the inventive device contains a movable table that can move along the bed and adjacent to it technological bridge between two positions. So, during the operation of forging on a movable table located in the working position, the lower hammer is installed. To perform the rolling operation, the movable table is moved from the bed to the technological bridge, where the striker is replaced by a roll.

As for the replacement of the upper tool for carrying out technological operations of forging and rolling, a removable block is connected for this purpose, connected with the bed in the working position. So, the removable block is made in the form of a beam and an upper tool; the beam performs the function of the supporting element. Obviously, outside the bed (outside the working position), a removable unit is used to replace the upper tool.

For forging and rolling operations, the device includes drive rollers, which perform the function of means for installing (supporting) the ring, as well as the function of the means providing periodic rotation of the ring during the forging operation of sets of strikers or continuous rotation when rolling by a set of rolls.

Due to the possibility of replacing one set of tools with another, the use of the inventive device provides the expansion of technological capabilities consisting in conducting sequential operations of blacksmith forging and rolling. So, in the process of forging the inner and outer surfaces of the ring by the upper and lower strikers, an intermediate billet is obtained with the required mechanical properties due to the fine-grained metal structure inherent in forged products. When using the drive roll as the lower tool acting on the outer surface of the workpiece and the idle roll deforming the inner surface of the workpiece, the faceting of the workpiece is eliminated to obtain the finished product with precise geometry.

It should be noted another undoubted advantage of the claimed invention. When replacing a set of strikers with a set of rolls, there is no need to use additional means designed to maintain the proper temperature of the product between forging and rolling operations. As indicated above, the location of the lower tool on a movable table, moved along the technological bridge (from the non-working area) to the bed (to the working area), and the presence of a removable unit with fastening elements for the striker or roll ensure continuous operation of the device, which prevents the workpiece from cooling down in the interval between forging and rolling operations.

This unit is equipped with two additional tool kits for deforming the end surfaces on both sides of the ring, made in the form of strikers or rolls, each of the kits being used in accordance with the identical type of the upper and lower tool kits.

The simultaneous compression of the upper and lower strikers together with the side strikers ensures uniform application of deforming forces on all surfaces of the workpiece. Therefore, when using the main set (upper and lower strikers) together with an additional set of side strikers, a fine-grained metal structure is created in the entire section of the workpiece.

The implementation of the working surface of the upper striker in the form of a convex cylindrical surface provides the application of force on the mating surface of the part of the ring located directly above the lower striker. So, the correspondence of the shape of the tool to the shape of the processed surface leads to an increase in the quality of surface treatment.

The simultaneous compression of the upper and lower rolls together with the side rolls leads to an increase in the geometric accuracy of the resulting product in the form of a ring (or shell).

The adjustment of each of the drive rollers in height using the appropriate hydraulic cylinder leads to the possibility of using the inventive device for forging and rolling rings of various diameters, adjusting the relative position of the ring and the tool. The connection of each adjusting hydraulic cylinder with the means for controlling the supply of working fluid to the corresponding hydraulic cylinder provides damping of the drive rollers to ensure deformation of the "workpiece" between the upper and lower tools (and not between the rollers and the upper tool).

Drive rollers perform the function of damping both when installing a large-diameter ring, and when performing the forging and rolling operation using the appropriate tool kit.

During the forging and rolling process, when the upper tool acts on the workpiece (and, accordingly, through the workpiece on the support rollers), the working fluid is displaced from the hydraulic cylinders, which ensures that the workpiece is lowered onto the lower tool. When removing the working force from the workpiece and, accordingly, from the support rollers, the displaced working fluid returns to the hydraulic cylinders, ensuring the workpiece returns to its original position.

Thus, the claimed invention, which has technological capabilities for forging and rolling operations, by replacing a set of strikers with a set of rolls ensures the achievement of the following technical results:

- accuracy of the geometric dimensions of the finished product, virtually eliminating allowances for further machining;

- improving the properties of the finished product by maintaining the metal structure inherent in forged products.

These and other features of the claimed invention are illustrated by drawings: in figure 1 - the main view of the device with a set of strikers, in figure 2 - the main view of the device with a set of rolls, in figure 3 - side view of the device.

The forging-rolling unit for the manufacture of large-diameter rings contains a frame 1 containing a support base 2 and the so-called power frame 3, which is made in the form of connected in the lower part (under the support base 2) of four columns 4, on which the crossbars 5 are installed with the removable block 6 installed in them.

The removable block 6 is made in the form of a supporting beam 7 and the upper tool, which is used as the upper hammer 8 with a working surface of a cylindrical shape with a bulge facing the surface to be treated, or the upper roll 9.

The element connecting the columns 4 in their lower part is made in the form of a lower cross member 10.

The movement of the power frame 3, hence the removable block 6, is carried out using working hydraulic cylinders 11 fixed on the support base, and lifting hydraulic cylinders 12.

Technological bridge 13 adjacent to the supporting base 2 of the bed 1 is made in the form of a metal structure; the movable table 14 is designed to move with a lower working tool: lower striker 15 or lower roll 16 between two positions: a working position with placement on a support base 2 and outside the working position with placement on a technological bridge 13.

Thus, the upper and lower tools make up the corresponding set, i.e. a set of strikers 8, 15 and a set of rolls 9.16.

The movable table is made with roller bearings 17 for installing the lower roll 16. This solution provides reliable installation of the lower roll 16 (Fig. 2), which allows, if necessary, to quickly replace the lower tool and prevents unwanted displacement of the tool when moving it on the movable table 14. In addition , the distance between the roller bearings 17 is selected based on the ability to install the lower striker 16 between them (Fig. 1).

To rotate the lower roll 16, the inventive unit is equipped with a rotation drive 18, which is advisable to install at the minimum possible distance from the bed 1.

The action of additional sets of strikers and rolls is carried out using identical additional side systems 19, which in fact are presses for processing the end surfaces of the ring. So, each additional system 19 is made in the form of an additional base 20 with guides (not shown in the drawing) and a hydraulic cylinder 21. At the same time, a holder 22 is mounted in the guides with the possibility of moving the indicated hydraulic cylinder 21, made with fastening elements (not shown in the drawing) for additional hammer 23 or roll 24.

The figure 3 shows the drive rollers 25 for installing the ring 26, the rollers 25 are damped by hydraulic cylinders 27, providing adjustment of the position of these rollers in height.

The inventive device operates as follows.

The process of manufacturing a large-diameter ring begins with the installation of an annular blank 26 in the working area of the device on the rollers 25 (in the drawings, the blank and the ring are depicted identically and are indicated by 26). Then, a movable table 14 with a striker 15 mounted on it is introduced into the working area of the unit. The upper striker 8 outside the working area of the unit is attached to the removable block 6 and installed in the guides made in the crossbars 5. After that, the movable power frame 3 makes a downward stroke and a tool kit with the force of the working hydraulic cylinders 11 deforms the workpiece. At the same time, to close the force between the upper and lower tools, the rollers 25 are damped by displacing the working fluid from the hydraulic cylinders 27. Simultaneously with the deformation of the outer and inner surfaces of the workpiece 26, its end surfaces are deformed using additional strikers 23 moving by means of hydraulic cylinders 21.

After completion of the deformation of the workpiece, the movable power frame 3 with the upper removable block 6 and the upper tool (hammer 8) by means of the lifting cylinders 12 returns to its original position. The workpiece 26, which is under pressure from the upper striker 8 on the damping rollers 25, also returns to its original position, due to the return of the displaced volume of the working fluid to the hydraulic cylinders 27.

Additional strikers 23 also return to their original position. Using the rollers 25, the workpiece 26 is rotated to the desired angle and the surface treatment process is repeated.

Comprehensive compression of the workpiece by the main and additional sets of strikers contributes to the creation of the required structure of the workpiece material in the entire section.

After the workpiece is processed using the main and additional set of dies to sizes close to the final, the cut is removed (to increase the geometric accuracy of the product) using the main set of rolls 9.16 and an additional set of rolls 24. For this purpose, the movable table 14 is moved onto the technological bridge 13, where the lower hammer is replaced by the lower roller 16 installed on the roller bearings 17. After that, the table returns to the working area, where the roller is connected to the drive 18. The removable block 6 c is fixed 8 is output from the striker 5 crossbars in a nonworking area where the roll is replaced by the striker 9. After that the removable unit 6 is introduced into the crossbars 5.

To increase the geometric accuracy of the end surfaces of the workpiece in the holders 22 with fasteners instead of additional strikers are installed additional rolls 24.

Similar to the process of processing the workpiece by the strikers, the power frame 3 makes a working stroke, performing the function of a pressure device and closing the force of the working hydraulic cylinders 11 on the workpiece through the upper and lower rolls. In this case, the rollers 25 are also damped, providing a closure of the force on the workpiece directly between the rollers 9.16.

The additional rolls 24 installed in the holders 22 are pressed against the end surfaces of the workpiece 26 with the force of the hydraulic cylinders 21.

After that, the drive 18 begins to rotate the lower roll 16 and the workpiece 26 is rolled between the upper and lower rolls 9, 16. To reduce the resistance to rolling, the support rollers 25 also rotate.

When the required ring sizes are reached, processing is completed.

Thus, the expansion of the technological capabilities of the forging and rolling unit is due to the possibility of mutual tool replacement during processing. The design features of the claimed device allow replacing a set of strikers with a set of rolls for forging and rolling blanks of large diameter rings to obtain a finished product with a geometric shape and size, which allows to reduce the allowance for further machining.

Claims (7)

1. Forging-rolling unit for the manufacture of rings of large diameter, comprising a bed, a removable block connected to the bed with the possibility of vertical movement in the working position located on the bed, and made in the form of a carrier beam with an upper working tool mounted on it, intended for processing on top of the inner surface of the ring, a movable table with a lower working tool for processing from below the outer surface of the ring, made with the possibility of movement between the specified working position and position located on the technological bridge adjacent to the bed, and the upper and lower working tools are made in the form of an interchangeable set of strikers with upper and lower strikers and a set of rolls with upper and lower rolls, the removable unit is configured to replace the upper tool outside the working position, and drive rollers for mounting the ring are mounted on the bed, made with the possibility of interaction with the outer surface of the specified ring, its periodic rotation during processing by a set of strikers and continuous rotation during processing by a set of rolls, in which the lower roll is equipped with a drive for its rotation. 2. Forging and rolling unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with two identical side systems, each of which is installed on the corresponding side of the bed and is made with holders for fastening the tool, made in the form of an additional set of strikers or an additional set of rolls, and side systems with the corresponding additional kit are designed to process the end surface of the ring simultaneously using an identical set of upper and lower tools. 3. The forging-rolling unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the side system is made in the form of a lateral base mounted on the foundation, on which guides for the slider are made with a holder containing fastening elements of an additional hammer or additional roll and having the ability to be moved by means of the base piston hydraulic cylinder. 4. Forging and rolling unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable table is made with roller bearings for installing the lower roll. 5. Forging and rolling unit according to claim 1, characterized in that each drive roller for installing the ring is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder for adjusting its height position. 6. Forging and rolling unit according to claim 5, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder is connected to means for controlling the supply of working fluid to the hydraulic cylinder depending on the load on the drive rollers with damping. 7. Forging and rolling unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the working surface of the upper striker, designed to interact with the surface of the ring, is made of a cylindrical convex shape.

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