RU2765501C1 - Potato digger - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering. The potato digger contains digging ploughshares, a high-speed, main and cascade separating rod elevators, a scarifier, a support and transport wheels. The scarifier is made in the form of a hexagonal shaft, secured whereon are hubs with working bodies in the form of disks installed above the back part of the ploughshares. The disks are curved along a helical line and installed in a mirrored manner over the middle parts of the ploughshares with the disks placed on the shaft so that the cutting edges of adjacent disks are placed in the same vertical plane in the direction of movement of the potato digger. The gripping width of the disks for ensuring destruction of the tuberous ridge is equal to the gripping width of each ploughshare.

EFFECT: quality of soil separation by rod elevators during operation of the potato digger is increased.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to digging devices used in potato harvesters.

Known potato digger KTN-2B containing a frame, passive plowshares, main and cascade rod elevators, vibrating grate, driveline, gearbox, support wheels. (A short guide to machines for growing and harvesting potatoes. Uglanov M.B., Grishchenko F.V., Lukin V.G. et al. M., Kolos, 1976, S. 67-73).

The well-known potato digger KTN-2B is designed for digging potatoes on light and medium soils, sifting the soil, partially separating the tubers from the tops and laying them on the field surface.

Rod elevators, designed to move and crush the tuberous layer, separate the soil from the tubers and screen it out, are located one after the other with a difference in height. They are lattice cloths with a closed contour, the upper (working) branches of which move from the shares to the exit. The upper branch of the cascade rod elevator is shaken by elliptical stars during movement.

Passive shares cut the tuberous layers, which are moved to the main rod elevator. The canvas of the main rod elevator moves at a higher speed than the potato digger. Therefore, the layer entering it is pulled apart in the longitudinal direction and partially crushed, which facilitates the selection of tubers. The seam, passing from the main rod elevator to the cascade one, falls and is additionally crushed. Fine soil is sieved between the bars, and tubers, not destroyed soil clods and tops, descend from the cascade elevator into a swath.

The well-known potato digger has disadvantages.

The tuberous layer of soil, cut by a passive plowshare, moves to a rod elevator. Passive plowshares stick to the soil and do not crumble the tuberous layer. The tuberous soil is unloaded on a plowshare in front of the rod elevator.

During the harvesting of potatoes, the tuberous ridge, cut by the plowshare, has a soil crust, which moves with the tuberous layer from the plowshare to the rod separating elevator. On rod elevators, soil is crushed and sifted from the lower part of the tuberous layer. Soil clods of the destroyed soil crust of the ridge cut by a plowshare cannot always be destroyed. As a result, potato tubers and soil clods of the destroyed soil crust move from the cascade rod elevator and fall to the field surface, forming a swath of potatoes and soil clods.

Also known is a potato digger containing digging shares, high-speed, main and cascade separating bar elevators, supporting and running wheels, a ripper installed above the shares, made in the form of a rotating shaft, on which conical bar rollers made with hubs are fixed. The hubs are fixed on a rotating shaft above the middle of the plowshares. To the hubs are fixed at an angle α to the axis of rotation of the ripper shaft rods at one end [Utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 195156 IPC A01D 17/22, A01D 33/08, Appl. 07/31/2019, publ. 01/16/2020 Bull. No. 2].

A rotating ripper made in the form of a rotating shaft on which hubs are fixed, and rods to the hubs at an angle α to the axis of the shaft, makes it possible to crush the soil crust of the tuberous layer, and also prevent winding of plant residues, weed roots and potatoes on the ripper rods.

However, the known potato digger has disadvantages. During the operation of a well-known potato digger, dug up by plowshares, each tuberous layer moves to a rod elevator and is exposed to a rotating cultivator made in the form of a drive shaft, on which hubs are fixed, and rods are fixed to the hubs to form conical rod rollers. Rotating conical rod rollers crush the soil crust and soil clods, moving tuberous layers along the shares.

However, the well-known rotating cultivator destroys the soil crust of the tuberous ridge, but does not destroy the tuberous layer cut by the plowshares, and the tuberous mass of the formation enters the rod elevator not with the same layer along its width.

The task to be solved by the technical solution is to improve the quality of soil separation by rod elevators during the operation of a potato digger.

EFFECT: improving the quality of soil separation by rod elevators is carried out by destroying the tuberous layer cut by shares, crushing soil lumps located on the surface of the tuberous layer and distributing the crushed tuberous mass over the entire width of the separating rod elevator.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a potato digger containing digging shares, a ripper, high-speed, main and cascade separating rod elevators, support and running wheels, and the ripper is made in the form of a hexagonal shaft, on which hubs are fixed with working bodies in the form of disks mounted above the rear part of the shares, and the disks are bent along a helical line and mounted with a mirror reflection above the middle of the shares with the disks placed on the shaft so that the cutting edges of adjacent disks are placed in the same vertical plane in the direction of movement of the potato digger, and the width of the disks to ensure the destruction of the tuberous ridge is equal to the width capture of each plowshare.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed potato digger meets the criterion of "novelty", as it has significant differences from the prototype.

1. The ripper is made in the form of a hexagonal shaft, on which hubs with working bodies in the form of disks are fixed.

2. The discs on the hubs are mounted over the back of the shares.

3. The disks are made curved along a helical line.

4. The discs, which are curved along a helical line, are fixed with a mirror reflection on the hubs mounted on a hexagonal shaft above the back of the shares.

5. Disks bent along a helical line and placed on the hubs of a hexagonal shaft, so that the cutting edges of adjacent disks are placed in the same vertical plane in the direction of movement of the potato digger.

6. The gripping width of the disks to ensure the destruction of the tuberous ridge is equal to the gripping width of each share.

The identified features of the technical solution of the claimed potato digger allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the "Significant differences" criterion.

In terms of the totality of features, the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty", since the cultivator of the tuberous layer and soil crust, unlike the prototype, is made in the form of rotating disks, curved along a helical line and installed with a mirror image above the middle of the plowshares with the placement of the disks on the shaft so that that the cutting edges of adjacent disks are placed in the same vertical plane in the direction of movement of the potato digger, and the width of the grip of the sections of the disks to ensure the destruction of the tuberous ridge is equal to the width of the plowshare.

The claimed technical solution is not obvious, it was proposed for the first time and, in the aggregate of features, it ensures the destruction of the soil crust and the tuberous layer moving along the shares, which leads to an increase in the quality of soil separation by rod elevators during the operation of a potato digger.

The technical solution is illustrated by the drawing material.

In FIG. 1 shows a potato digger, side view; in fig. 2 shows a potato digger, top view.

The potato digger contains a frame (not shown), a support wheel 1, plowshares 2 and 3, high-speed 4, main 5 and cascade 6 elevators, running wheels 7. Above the rear part of the plowshares 2 and 3, a tuberous ridge cultivator 8 is installed. Ripper 8 is made in the form of a hexagonal shaft 9 on which hubs 10, 11, 12 and 13 are fixed with working bodies in the form of disks 14 and 15, 16 and 17. Hubs 11, 12, 13 and 14, on which disks 14 and 15 are fixed, 16 and 17 are installed above the rear part of the shares 2 and 3. The disks 14 and 15, 16 and 17 are made bent along a helical line. Disks 14 and 15, 16 and 17, made bent along a helical line, are fixed on the hubs with a mirror reflection. Disks 14 and 15, 16 and 17 bent along a helical line are placed on the hubs of the hexagonal shaft 9, so that the cutting edges of adjacent disks 14 and 15, 16 and 17 are placed in the same vertical plane in the direction of movement of the potato digger. The capture width of the disks 14 and 15, 16 and 17 to ensure the destruction of the tuberous ridge is equal to the capture width of each plowshare 2 and 3. The ripper 8 is driven from the shaft 18 of the high-speed elevator 4 by a chain transmission 19. To do this, an asterisk 20 is fixed on the shaft 18, and on the shaft 9 fixed asterisk 21.

Depending on the soil and climatic zones, potatoes are cultivated with row spacings of 60, 70, 75 and 90 cm on a flat field surface, on pre-cut ridges, as well as on ridges with different row spacings. To install the disks 14 and 15, 16 and 17 above the middle of the shares 2 and 3, the disks are fixed on the hubs 10, 11, 12 and 13, which can be displaced along the shaft 9.

Potato digger works as follows.

Before starting work, the required number of disks 14 and 15, 16 and 17 are installed on the shaft 9. When digging potatoes, the plowshares 2 and 3 cut the tuberous ridge, which moves to the high-speed rod elevator 4. The rotating disks 14 and 15, 16 and 17 cut the surface the layer of soil crust of the tuberous ridge, destroy the tuberous layer, and the tuberous soil is shifted by the side edge of the working bodies of the disks 14 and 15, 16 and 17 and is placed across the entire width of the rod elevator 4.

The proposed potato digger, equipped with a tuberous layer ripper, prevents tuberous soil from being unloaded on the plowshares in front of the rod elevator, destroys the soil crust and soil clods, and also destroys the tuberous layer and moves the tuberous soil across the entire width of the high-speed rod elevator. This improves the sieving of the soil by rod elevators.

Claims (1)

A potato digger containing digging shares, high-speed, main and cascade separating rod elevators, a ripper, support and running wheels, characterized in that the ripper is made in the form of a hexagonal shaft, on which hubs with working bodies in the form of disks are fixed, mounted above the rear of the shares, and the disks are bent along a helical line and mounted with a mirror reflection above the middle of the shares with the disks placed on the shaft so that the cutting edges of adjacent disks are placed in the same vertical plane in the direction of movement of the potato digger, and the width of the disks to ensure the destruction of the tuberous ridge is equal to the width of each share .

Images