SE540702C2

SE540702C2 - Apparatus and method for cleaning melt spouts and melt discharge openings of a chemical recovery furnace or boiler

Info

Publication number: SE540702C2
Application number: SE1730035A
Authority: SE
Inventors: Bertilsson Mats
Original assignee: Teknik Support M Bertilsson Ab
Priority date: 2017-02-08
Filing date: 2017-02-08
Publication date: 2018-10-16
Also published as: RU2764088C2; US11293636B2; CN110291247A; WO2018147788A1; CA3051416A1; CA3051416C; BR112019016330A2; SE1730035A1; US20200025373A1; CN110291247B; RU2019125660A; EP3580390A1; RU2019125660A3; EP3580390A4; BR112019016330B1

Abstract

An apparatus (7) for cleaning a smelt spout (4) and a smelt discharge opening (5) of a chemicals recovery boiler is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a cleaning rod (38) arranged for alignment with the smelt spout (4) and the discharge opening (5), wherein the cleaning rod (38) is supported in a drive mechanism (11) comprising i) a linear actuator (33) controllable for moving the cleaning rod in rectilinear, reciprocating motion, ii) a pivot actuation means (39) controllable for swinging the cleaning rod in a downwards swinging motion. Retraction (x) of the cleaning rod is correlated with the change in pivot angle (φ) of the cleaning rod during the downwards swinging motion. A method performed by the apparatus is likewise disclosed.

Description

Apparatus and method for cleaning smelt spouts and smelt discharge openings of a chemicals recovery furnace or boiler TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for cleaning smelt spouts and smelt discharge openings in the wall of a chemicals recovery furnace or boiler.

BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART The method and device are advantageously used in an essential step in the production of chemical pulp. More specifically, said essential step relates to the recovery of pulp cooking chemicals from what is called black liquor, which is a rest product from such production in order to achieve chemical pulp with different specified properties. The chemical composition of these chemicals may, as a consequence, vary. The recovery takes place in a boiler wherein the temperature during the recovery process normally is in the order of about 1000 °C (1832 °F). At said temperature, the remaining wooden fiber is burnt and the pulp cooking chemicals may be recovered. Before its introduction into the boiler, the black liquor is concentrated to a water solution which contains about 65-90 percent of solid material. This solution is then sprayed into the recovery boiler, which is a kind of a chemical reduction furnace. A chemical reduction furnace is a reactor wherein processes of evaporation, gasification, pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction, occur mutually dependently during recovery of the chemicals. Organic materials such as lignin and other wood extracts maintain the combustion in the furnace, and the heat that is produced dries the spent cooking chemicals as they fall to the floor or bottom of the boiler. Here the dried chemicals pile up into a char bed. The char bed is further heated to form a liquid smelt that is discharged through one or more discharge openings and smelt spouts in a lower part or bottom of the boiler.

The combustion process requires the introduction of large volumes of air into the boiler. This air amounts to about 80 percent of the material introduced in the boiler. The air is forced into the boiler from wind boxes or ducts disposed at several levels in surrounding relationship to the boiler, through a plurality of air inlet ports in the walls of the boiler, viz.: primary, secondary and tertiary air inlet ports. The primary air inlet ports, through which about 40 to 50 percent of the air is introduced, are disposed in the side walls in a lower portion of the boiler, close to the char bed. The secondary air inlet ports, through which about 35 percent of the air is introduced, are disposed around the boiler at higher level than the primary air inlet ports, and below the entry through which the black liquor is sprayed into the boiler. While the primary air inlet ports provide a relatively large volume of air with considerable turbulence for maintaining a fireball in the char bed, the secondary air inlet ports provide a finer control and distribution of air above the char bed and distribute the air evenly in the black liquor spray to support the combustion thereof. The black liquor sprayed into the boiler, having a consistency similar to heated oil, swirls, burns and falls towards the bottom of the boiler in the form of combustion products comprising char material and smelt.

Some of the smelt and char material that comes into contact with the wall of the boiler will be cooled by the inflowing air, thus building up deposits around the periphery of the air inlet ports. In accordance with customary practice, the char buildup is periodically dislodged, either manually by a worker inserting a rod into the air inlet ports, or by a mechanical cleaning apparatus. The dislodged char material falls into the smelt pool in the bottom of the boiler. A mechanical cleaning apparatus for cleaning air inlet ports in a recovery boiler is previously known from US 4,423,533.

Smelt spouts are on the other hand designed to drain the smelt from the boiler, and to keep the smelt pool at a safe level. If the smelt spout is not cleaned periodically, the smelt will oxidize and form a crust which will clog the smelt spout. Clogged smelt spouts can cause the level of smelt inside the boiler to rise, resulting in inefficient and unpredictable operation, resulting in a reduction in the amounts of chemicals that can be recovered, a decrease in the amount of steam produced per unit of fuel, and increased emission of noxious gases such as carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide.

Smelt spouts of soda recovery boilers are often cleaned manually by a worker inserting a long metal rod into the spout. Vigorous lateral and reciprocating movements of the rod by the worker dislodges any char or oxidized encrusted smelt that will be clogging the spout. Such manual rodding of the smelt spout is inefficient and also extremely unsafe. The temperature of the smelt amounts to an order of 1000 °C, and although the rods utilized to clean the spouts are usually up to six meters long or more, there is great danger that a worker who manually rods such smelt spouts can be burned. Smelt spout openings are, due to the high temperature, cooled by water circulating in jackets surrounding both the discharge opening of the boiler and the spout, and during rodding the water jackets can be ruptured by the manual rodding operation. A broken water jacket may result in an explosion of the boiler because of the volatility of the smelt in the presence of water. One cubic meter of water released results in 8000 cubic meters of steam released in just a moment of time.

A mechanical device for cleaning a smelt spout and discharge opening in the wall of a soda recovery boiler is previously disclosed in WO 2008/044984. A rod-shaped cleaning tool is rotationally arranged about its longitudinal axis in a carrier that is movably supported on wheels. The carrier and tool can be driven in reciprocating motion for moving the cleaning tool back and forth through the discharge opening and along the path of the smelt spout, which extends at a downwards slanting angle from the discharge opening in the boiler wall.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an alternative and improved apparatus for cleaning smelt spouts and discharge openings in the wall of a chemicals recovery boiler.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a not only improved but fully safe method for cleaning smelt spouts and discharge openings in the wall of a chemicals recovery boiler by use of a cleaning apparatus that is installable for operation in alignment with a smelt spout and smelt discharge opening.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved cleaning apparatus and method aimed for increasing the operational stability of a chemicals recovery boiler.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved cleaning apparatus and method aimed for reducing the exposure of workers to hazardous areas of a chemicals recovery boiler.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improved cleaning apparatus that is safe to operate, and virtually eliminates the risk of rupturing the smelt spout during cleaning.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved cleaning apparatus that is relatively light in weight and which can be manually installed or removed from a chemicals recovery boiler, quickly and easily as compared to prior art solutions.

It is finally an object of the present invention to provide a cleaning apparatus for installation in fixed or temporarily fixed relation to the smelt spout and discharge opening in the wall of a chemicals recovery boiler. Misalignment or dislocation caused by thermal expansion of the boiler body is thereby avoided or reduced to a minimum.

At least some of these objects are met in an apparatus for cleaning a smelt spout and a smelt discharge opening of a chemicals recovery boiler, the apparatus comprising a cleaning rod arranged or suspended for alignment with the smelt spout and the discharge opening, wherein the cleaning rod is supported in a drive mechanism comprising a linear actuator controllable for moving the cleaning rod in rectilinear, extension and retraction motion, a pivot actuation means controllable for pivoting the cleaning rod in a downwards swinging motion, wherein retraction of the cleaning rod is correlated with the change in pivot angle of the cleaning rod during the downwards swinging motion.

The combination of movements and actuator control built into the cleaning apparatus so defined provide the technical and operative conditions required for automation, thus offering the possibility for avoiding hazardous, manual cleaning work. In that sense, the cleaning apparatus may be seen as an automatic or at least semiautomatic robot which only requires, at its utmost, a start signal from an operator to initiate a cleaning sequence.

If a fully automatic procedure is aimed for, that can be achieved by arranging the start of the cleaning sequence dependent on certain conditions relating to the chemicals recovery process. One such condition that can be monitored and forming the basis for commencement of cleaning is, e.g. the temperature in the smelt spout which can be monitored by a temperature sensor.

The linear actuator is in one embodiment arranged for adjusting the speed of retraction of the cleaning rod based on readings from an angle position sensor which is monitoring the change in pivot angle during the downwards swinging motion. This feature avoids damage to the smelt spout by ensuring that the cleaning rod can travel along the smelt spout for dislodging encrusted material under maintenance of a clearance to the metallic bottom of the smelt spout.

The cleaning apparatus may be arranged for supporting the cleaning rod in permanent or temporary alignment with the smelt spout and the smelt discharge opening. These features provide the optional implementation of one cleaning apparatus per each smelt spout/discharge opening in the boiler, or the choice of successively cleaning the smelt spouts/discharge openings by use of a movable cleaning apparatus.

The cleaning apparatus may be supported in a fixture that is connectable to the boiler, or supported in a fixture that is freestanding from the boiler.

These features can be alternatingly applied in set ups where boiler movement caused by thermal expansion needs to be accounted for. Thus, in the first alternative the cleaning apparatus is arranged to follow any movement of the boiler that is due to thermal expansion, whereas in the second alternative thermal expansion is not allowed to affect the suspension and alignment of the cleaning apparatus.

In one embodiment, a fixture frame comprises, in a side facing the boiler, positioning means mating with corresponding positioning means arranged on an adapter that is connectable to the boiler.

This embodiment ensures a correct alignment with the smelt spout and discharge opening through a forced mating between the cleaning apparatus and a docking member attached to the boiler.

The following features and details define advantageous embodiments of the cleaning apparatus: The cleaning rod is supported in a swing that is pivotally arranged between a couple of arms, one end of which, respectively, is anchored in the fixture.

In one embodiment, the swing comprises a rack and pinion or ball-screw or a trapezoidal threaded bar mechanism operable for moving a driver, in which the cleaning rod is anchored, in reciprocating, extension and retraction motion.

The angular position of the swing is controlled by a pivot actuation means and monitored by an angle position sensor which is operatively coupled to a pivot axis of the swing.

The pivot actuation means may be an angular actuator or a linear actuator.

The swing is in one embodiment pivotally supported in the outer ends of a couple of cantilever arms, the inner ends of which are pivotally journaled in the fixture frame.

The latter embodiment provides overload protection for the cleaning apparatus, in particular for the components of a cleaning rod drive mechanism included in the cleaning apparatus.

The objects of the invention are likewise met in a method for cleaning a smelt spout and a smelt discharge opening of a chemicals recovery boiler, using an apparatus comprising a cleaning rod that is arranged or suspended for alignment with the smelt spout and the discharge opening, wherein the method comprises: - extending the cleaning rod in a step of cleaning the smelt discharge opening; - pivoting the cleaning rod in downwards swinging motion in a step of cleaning the smelt spout; wherein retraction of the cleaning rod is correlated with the change in pivot angle of the cleaning rod during the downwards swinging motion.

The method may further comprise the steps of: - monitoring the change in pivot angle during the downwards swinging motion, and - adjusting the speed of retraction based on readings of the change in pivot angle.

The speed of retraction may be decreased or increased or constant with increasing pivot angle depending on the specific case.

In an alternative embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: - monitoring the change in angular position during the downwards swinging motion, and - adjusting the speed of the swinging motion based on readings of the position of the cleaning rod in retraction.

During the downwards swinging motion, the tip of the cleaning rod is advantageously maintained at a minimum distance of about 1 mm to about 50 mm, and at least at a minimum distance of about 1 mm to about 20 mm, from the bottom of the smelt spout.

In a further step of automation of the cleaning process, initiation of a cleaning session is based on readings from a temperature sensor that monitors the temperature in the smelt spout.

SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be further explained below with reference made to the accompanying, schematic drawings, wherein Fig. 1 shows an installation of a chemicals recovery boiler in a building, Figs. 2a and 2b show a cut out detail of the boiler of Fig. 1 on a larger scale, Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the cleaning apparatus of the present invention, Fig. 4 is a corresponding perspective view showing the cleaning apparatus of Fig. 3 from the opposite side, Fig. 5 shows an alternative installation of the cleaning apparatus in the boiler building Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the relation between change in pivot angle and speed of retraction of a cleaning rod during downwards swinging motion of the cleaning rod, Figs. 7a~7c show sequential steps of a cleaning session, Figs. 8a-8c show the same sequential steps performed by an alternative embodiment, and Figs. 9a and 9b show the cleaning apparatus in partially cut away side views.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS With reference to Fig 1, a chemicals recovery boiler 1 is shown schematically. The boiler 1 is suspended from an upper structure 2 of a building that houses the boiler. A cooling jacket, indicated by reference number 3, is typically arranged on the exterior of the boiler. The cooling jacket 3 typically comprises an array of conduits in which water is circulated. Smelt products can be discharged from the boiler via a smelt spout 4 that extends at a downwards slanting angle from a smelt discharge opening 5 in the wall 6 of the boiler 1. The smelt spout 4 is typically oriented in a plane that is perpendicular to the boiler wall 6. In fact, a number of smelt spouts 4 and discharge openings 5 may be distributed around the body of the boiler.

In Fig. 2a, the smelt spout 4, discharge opening 5 and a cut out portion of the boiler wall 6 are shown in a side view, substantially in parallel with the boiler wall. Fig. 2b shows the smelt spout of Fig. 2a in a front view, perpendicularly to the boiler wall. The solid black string and plug in Figs. 2a and 2b is a schematic representation of smelt material which has cooled down in the smelt spout and is clogging the discharge opening. In Figs. 2a and 2b, reference number 4’ points to the bottom of the smelt spout 4.

Since encrustation of smelt in the smelt spout is related to the temperature in the smelt, the necessity of cleaning the smelt spout from encrusted smelt can be determined through a continuous monitoring of the temperature in the smelt spout. To this purpose a temperature sensor 4” may be arranged on the smelt spout. The readings from the temperature sensor 4” can form the basis for an automatic initiation of a cleaning session, if appropriate.

An apparatus 7 arranged for cleaning and removing encrusted material from the smelt spout 4 and from the discharge opening 5 will now be described with reference made to the left and right hand perspective views of Figs. 3 and 4 respectively. The subject embodiment of the cleaning apparatus 7 comprises a frame including two parallel cantilever arms 8 and 9, reaching from an inner end that is pivotally journaled in a fixture frame 10, to an outer end which provides pivotal suspension of a cleaning rod drive mechanism 11.

The fixture frame 10 is a box-like design comprising left and right support sections 12 and 13, defining between them a central slot 14 which is dimensioned to receive an upper end of the smelt spout 4 as the cleaning apparatus 7 is aligned with the smelt spout and the discharge opening 5.

Each support section 12 or 13 comprises a set of reinforcement elements 15 designed to take up the load from the cleaning apparatus via a sub-frame 16, by which sub-frame the inner end of the cantilever arms 8, 9 is journaled pivotally in the fixture frame 10, on a pivot 17 respectively. To be more specific, the sub-frames 16 extend below the cantilever arms 8, 9 so as to support the cleaning apparatus 7 in a mainly horizontal position from which the cleaning apparatus is permitted to move pivotally upwards, for reason which will be discussed below.

The cleaning apparatus 7 can be arranged for permanent or temporary alignment with the smelt spout 4 and the discharge opening 5. In this connection, alignment refers on one hand to the orientation of the cleaning apparatus in parallel with the smelt spout as seen in a horizontal plane, and to the positioning of the cleaning apparatus with respect to the vertical height of the smelt discharge opening on the other hand.

In permanent alignment, the fixture frame 10 can be mounted to the boiler wall, or to other structural element which is attached to the boiler wall. Permanent alignment may alternatively foresee that the cleaning apparatus is stationary supported in a structure that is freestanding from the boiler. An example of the latter is given in Fig. 5, for the purpose of illustration. In this embodiment, the cantilever arms 8' and 9' are designed as angled consoles, depending from a fixture beam 10'. The beam 10' may be anchored in a structural element of the boiler building or may itself constitute a structural element of the building. In the embodiment of Fig. 5 the vertical height can be adjusted by arranging the arms 8', 9' extendable as suggested through the bolt and long-hole connection 17'. Suspension of the cleaning apparatus as illustrated, i.e. on bolts which are inserted through elongated holes formed in the arms 8', 9', further provides a form of overload protection to prevent excessive forces or loads from being transmitted to the components of the cleaning apparatus by permitting the cleaning apparatus to move upwards while sliding on the bolts.

In temporary alignment, the cleaning apparatus may be movably supported in a structure that is freestanding from the boiler, or movably supported in a structure that is connectable to the exterior of the boiler. In a case where the cleaning apparatus is to be moved from one smelt spout to another in a sequential cleaning operation, e.g., the cleaning apparatus may be arranged movable on a rail that runs horizontally at a fixed distance from the boiler. Such a rail can be supported in structural parts of the boiler building, or supported on the exterior of the boiler, e.g.

Albeit there are several options available for a skilled person to adapt the suspension of the cleaning apparatus to a specific boiler application through a corresponding design of the peripheral support structure, an essential aspect and requirement in any application is the correct alignment between the cleaning apparatus on one hand, and the smelt spout and discharge opening in the boiler wall on the other hand. Affordable tolerances in this respect may be defined in a few millimeters in order to avoid harmful contact with the boiler wall and the smelt spout during the cleaning operation.

In the embodiment of Figs. 3 and 4, the required precision is achieved in that the cleaning apparatus 7 is arranged for docking with an adapter element 18 that is mountable on the boiler. A correct alignment and positioning, horizontally as well as vertically, is accomplished by mating the fixture frame 10 with positioning means 19 formed on the adapter element 18. The positioning means 19 can be realized in the form of studs, which project from the adapter element 18 for insertion in corresponding holes 19' that are formed in the opposite side 20 of the fixture frame, facing the boiler and the adapter element. The studs 19 can be threaded bolts for permanent connection of the cleaning apparatus 7 to the boiler wall/adapter element. Of course, any suitable interacting means and guides, besides the mentioned studs or bolts and stud/bolt holes, may be used to urge the cleaning apparatus into mating position with the smelt spout and discharge opening.

In the outer end of the cantilever arms 8 and 9, the cleaning rod drive mechanism 11 is arranged to pivot about an axis S which is defined by a couple of pivot pins (invisible in Figs. 3 and 4, but one is shown in Figs. 9a and 9b and here denoted by its reference number 21). The pivot pins 21 are journaled in a couple of console elements 22 and 23 respectively, each of which is attached in an outer end of a cantilever arm. Between these console elements, a swing 24 is suspended pivotally by its connection to the pivot pins 21, which are coupled to the opposite, longitudinal sides of the swing.

The swing 24 comprises a chassis frame 25 having longitudinal and transverse frame members. Inside the chassis frame 25, a driver 26 is arranged to slide on a couple of guide bars 27 and 28 that are extended in the length of the chassis frame, between the transverse frame members. The driver houses a couple of slide bearings 29 and 30 which are journaled on the associated guide bars 27 and 28. Between the slide bearings, a threaded nut 31 is non-rotationally affixed to the driver 26. A threaded bar 32 passes the nut in threaded engagement. One end of the bar 32 is rotationally journaled in the inner end of the chassis frame, whereas the opposite end of the bar 32 projects from the chassis frame for operative engagement with an actuator 33 which is controllable for rotation of the bar 32 in either direction of rotation. The nut 31 and the bar 32 can be realized as a ball-screw. The nut 31, the bar 32 and the actuator 33 function similar to a rack and pinion drive operable for moving the driver 26 in rectilinear, reciprocating motion, i.e. in extension and retraction motion, along the guide bars by controlling the direction of rotation in the actuator 33. In that sense the actuator 33 is a linear actuator 33.

The driver 26 further includes structural members in the form of a couple of plates 34 and 35, which are interconnected through the housings 36 and 37 that accommodate the slide bearings 29 and 30. As is best seen in Figs. 9a and 9b, these plates 34 and 35 project below the chassis frame 25 to provide an anchorage for a cleaning rod 38 under the swing. Obviously, the driver may alternatively be shifted 180° for holding the cleaning rod above the swing, if appropriate. A support bracket (not illustrated) may optionally be arranged in the inner end of the chassis frame to help guiding the cleaning rod in its back and forth movement. The cleaning rod 38 is an elongate, solid or tubular element.

In this connection, it can be pointed out although not explicitly illustrated in the drawings, that the cleaning rod 38 may be anchored in the driver 26 by means of elastic elements, such as rubber or polymer bushings, in order to prevent shocks from impact with encrusted material to be transferred to the components of the drive mechanism. It serves also to be mentioned, although not being an essential part of the present invention, that the cleaning rod may be arranged for carrying exchangeable cleaning tools in its forward end or tip 38'.

Pivoting of the cleaning rod drive mechanism 11 is accomplished and controlled through a pivot actuation means. In the embodiment of Figs. 3 and 4 the pivot actuation means comprises an angular actuator 39 which is drivingly coupled to one of the pivot pins 21, and an angle position sensor 40. The angle position sensor 40 may be an incremental encoder which monitors the change in pivot angle about the pivot axis S, and thus provides an indication of the angular position of the cleaning rod with respect to the inclination of the smelt spout. The angular actuator 39 and the angle position sensor 40 are thus both operatively coupled to the pivot axis S, 21 of the swing 24. The readings made by the sensor 40 form the basis for controlling the operation and supply of power to the angular actuator 39.

However, the readings made by the angle position sensor 40 are also used for controlling the speed by which the cleaning rod 38 is retracted upon downwards swinging of the cleaning rod and the cleaning rod drive mechanism 11.

When the cleaning rod drive mechanism is swung downwards for cleaning the smelt spout by running the tip 38’ of the cleaning rod down the spout, retraction of the cleaning rod is correlated with the change in its angular orientation relative to the spout in order to compensate for the continuously reducing distance between the spout bottom and the cleaning rod drive mechanism as the latter is swung downwards about the pivot axis S. If the swinging motion is made at constant speed, e.g., the speed of retraction may need to be decreased, in some case increased progressively, towards the end of the spout.

An example of the correlation between cleaning rod retraction and pivoting motions is illustrated in the diagram of Fig. 6, the curve of the diagram representing the cleaning rod retraction movement (x) as a function of increasing pivot angle (?).

The diagram of Fig. 6 is one example to illustrate the functionality built into the cleaning apparatus for e.g. ensuring that there is always a clearance maintained between the metallic spout bottom and the tip of the cleaning rod. Flowever, depending on the prevailing geometrical conditions, the correlation between rod retraction and pivoting motions may show other characteristics than those shown in Fig. 6. In other alternatives, e.g., it may be more appropriate to apply a constant retraction of the cleaning rod while adjusting the velocity of the pivoting motion by regulation of power supplied to the pivot actuation means.

In all cases, the correlation is computed in a control unit running a software coded routine which uses the dynamic inputs from the angle position sensor 40 together with, e.g., static data, such as the spatial coordinates of the smelt spout and the maximum extension of the cleaning rod, which can be used to initiate the swinging motion at the appropriate retracted position of the cleaning rod. Instead of static data or in combination therewith, proximity sensors may be used to define the positions of the cleaning rod in extension and retraction modes.

The readings in the angle position sensor 40 are thus used for controlling the operation of the linear actuator 33 in order to correlate and synchronize the speed of retraction of the cleaning rod with the downwards swinging motion of the same. This correlation may include not only a controlled retraction of the cleaning rod, but also a controlled extension of the cleaning rod if required, depending on the subject geometries. In typical cases, the correlation includes controlling the power supply, running time and rotational direction in the linear actuator so as to maintain the tip of the cleaning rod at a minimum distance of about 1 mm to about 20 mm from the bottom of the smelt spout. In some cases, the distance may vary within about 1 mm to about 50 mm from the bottom of the smelt spout (depending, e.g., on the amount and status of the encrustations which are blocking the smelt spout).

For example, readings from the angle position sensor 40 and the extension of the cleaning rod can be recorded in the control unit during a first setup run wherein the cleaning rod is pivoted down the smelt spout at defined force. The recorded data is there after used for controlling the linear actuator 33 in a successive stroke wherein the cleaning rod is swung downwards through the smelt spout with a controlled position and force.

The operation of the cleaning apparatus during a cleaning session is schematically illustrated in the sequential views of Figs. 7a-7c. Accordingly, in Fig. 7a, the double arrow x-y illustrates the reciprocating motion (extension (y) and retraction (x)) of the cleaning rod during cleaning of the smelt discharge opening 5.

This motion is mainly horizontal, meaning that the orientation of the cleaning rod preferably lies within a few degrees’ interval over or under the horizontal plane. In fact, the expression “mainly horizontal" shall be understood to include a deviation from the true horizontal of less than /- 45°, such as within an interval of /- 30°, or even more preferred in an interval of /- 15° of elevation.

During the cleaning sequence depicted in Fig. 7a, the angular actuator 39 is inactive whereas the linear actuator 33 may be alternately driven in both directions of rotation. In alternative embodiments, the cleaning rod may optionally be arranged for turning around its own axis as is known in the art, in order to facilitate cleaning of the periphery of the discharge opening.

In the sequence (Fig. 7a) of removing solid or encrusted material from the smelt discharge opening, the cleaning rod may need to be repeatedly extended until it penetrates the opening.

An overload protection for the cleaning rod drive mechanism may alternatively include a resilient and elastic anchoring of the inner arm ends in the fixture frame 10, or as a third alternative, a resilient and elastic attachment of the console elements 22 and 23 to the outer ends of the arms 8 and 9.

Fig. 7b illustrates the sequence of cleaning the smelt spout 4 by running the tip of the cleaning rod down the smelt spout. Since the cleaning rod tip may pass through the smelt spout with a few millimeters’ clearance to the smelt spout bottom, a small rest of solid or encrusted material may remain in the bottom of the smelt spout also after the cleaning rod tip has passed. This way, the thin layer of encrusted material which remains in the bottom of the smelt spout protects the spout bottom from the hot smelt that will pour down the spout following upon a cleaning session.

During this sequence, the angular actuator 39 is operated for pivoting the cleaning rod as shown by the arrow ?, whereas the linear actuator 33 is controlled for retraction x of the cleaning rod, in synchronization with the downwards swinging motion as previously explained.

After completed cleaning, the cleaning apparatus is returned to its initial position by reversed operation of the angular actuator 39 as illustrated by the arrow R in Fig. 7c.

In order to protect the components of the cleaning rod drive mechanism from excessive forces or loads as the cleaning rod e.g. is approaching about 90° relative the spout or hits solid material, the whole assembly may be lifted by the power of the linear actuator 33 under pivoting at the pivot points 17 which journal the arms 8, 9 to the fixture frame 10. This protective action is indicated by the dashed arrow L in Fig. 7a.

The same modus operand i is performed by the modified embodiment shown in Figs. 8a-8c. The only difference from the previous embodiment is that in the embodiment of Figs. 8a-8c, the pivot actuation means is a linear actuator 41, such as a pistoncylinder unit, instead of the angular actuator 39.

The linear and angular actuators 33, 39 and 41 may be realized as double-acting or reversible operation drives, powered by air, hydraulic fluid or electricity. The angular actuator 39 may alternatively include a spring return actuator. In yet an alternative, an external spring may be applied outside the angular actuator, and more specifically, for either of two alternative purposes: i) external spring(s) applied and dimensioned for returning the cleaning apparatus to its initial position, or ii) external spring(s) applied and dimensioned to provide a more even load and thus avoiding load peaks in the angular actuator as the cleaning rod tip travels down an unevenly encrusted smelt spout.

In Figs. 9a and 9b, a torsion spring 42 is shown in unloaded state (Fig. 9a) and loaded state (Fig. 9b) respectively. The spring 42 is arranged to apply a counter force that is centered about the pivot axis S as the cleaning rod and cleaning rod drive mechanism are swinging downwards. For example, one such spring 42 can be supported on each pivot pin 21 that journals the swing 24 to the arms 8 and 9 respectively. The spring 42 comprises a couple of legs 43 and 44, which are actuated upon by a couple of pins 45 and 46. A first pin 45 is stationary arranged on the inner side of the arm 8 or 9 and serves for arresting the leg 43, whereas a second pin 46 is arranged on the outer side of the swing 24, opposite the inside of the arm, the second pin engaging the leg 44 for tensioning of the torsion spring 42 in the pivoting motion of the swing (Fig. 9b). The torsion spring 42 can be dimensioned to serve either purpose i) or ii) as discussed above.

From the above description it will be realized, that the present cleaning apparatus and method shall not be strictly limited to use and application in connection with recovery of pulp cooking chemicals from black liquor in soda recovery boilers, but that the apparatus’ structure and operation is likewise useful in connection with any similar process performed in chemicals recovery furnaces and boilers in general.

Claims

1. An apparatus (7) for cleaning a smelt spout (4) and a smelt discharge opening (5) of a chemicals recovery boiler, the apparatus comprises a cleaning rod (38) arranged for alignment with the smelt spout (4) and the discharge opening (5), characterized in that the cleaning rod (38) is supported in a drive mechanism (11) comprising: - a linear actuator (33) controllable for moving the cleaning rod in rectilinear, extension (y) and retraction (x) motion, - a pivot actuation means (39; 41) controllable for pivoting the cleaning rod in a downwards swinging motion, wherein retraction (x) of the cleaning rod is correlated with the change in pivot angle (?) of the cleaning rod during the downwards swinging motion.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the linear actuator (33) is arranged for adjusting the speed of retraction (x) of the cleaning rod based on readings from an angle position sensor (40) monitoring the change in pivot angle (?) during the downwards swinging motion.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the cleaning apparatus (7) is arranged for supporting of the cleaning rod (38) in permanent or temporary alignment with the smelt spout (4) and discharge opening (5).

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the cleaning apparatus (7) is supported in a fixture (10’) that is connectable to the boiler (1) or in a fixture (10) that is freestanding from the boiler (1).

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein a fixture frame (10) comprises, in a side (20) facing the boiler, positioning means (19’) mating with corresponding positioning means (19) arranged on an adapter (18) that is connectable to the boiler.

6. The apparatus of claims 4 or 5, wherein the drive mechanism (11) comprises a swing (24) that is pivotally arranged between a couple of arms (8, 9; 8’, 9’), one end of which, respectively, is anchored in the fixture (10; 10’).

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the swing (24) comprises a rack and pinion drive or a ball-screw or a trapezoidal threaded bar mechanism (31, 32) operable for moving a driver (24), in which the cleaning rod (38) is anchored, in reciprocating, extension (y) and retraction (x) motion.

8. The apparatus of claim 6 or 7, wherein the angular position of the swing (24) is controlled by the pivot actuation means (39; 41) and monitored by an angle position sensor (4) operatively coupled to a pivot axis (S; 21) of the swing (24).

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the pivot actuation means is an angular actuator (39) or a linear actuator (41).

10. The apparatus of any of claims 6-9, wherein the swing (24) is pivotally suspended in the outer ends of a couple of cantilever arms (8, 9), the inner ends of which are pivotally journaled through a pivot joint (17) in the fixture frame (10).

11.A method of cleaning a smelt spout (4) and a smelt discharge opening (5) of a chemicals recovery boiler, an apparatus comprising a cleaning rod (38) that is arranged for alignment with the smelt spout (4) and the discharge opening (5), the method is characterized by the steps of: - extending the cleaning rod in a step of cleaning the smelt discharge opening (5), - pivoting the cleaning rod in downwards swinging motion in a step of cleaning the smelt spout (4), wherein retraction (x) of the cleaning rod is correlated with the change in pivot angle (?) of the cleaning rod during the downwards swinging motion.

12. The method of claim 11, comprising the steps of: - monitoring the change in angular positon (?) during the downwards swinging motion, and - adjusting the speed (v) of retraction (x) based on readings of the change in pivot angle (?).

13. The method of claim 12, comprising the steps of: - monitoring the change in angular positon (?) during the downwards swinging motion, and - adjusting the speed of the swinging motion (?) based on readings of the position of the cleaning rod in retraction (x).

14. The method of any of claims 11-13, wherein the tip of the cleaning rod (38) during the downwards swinging motion is maintained at a minimum distance of about 1 mm to about 20 mm from the bottom (4’) of the smelt spout (4).

15. The method according to any of claims 11-14, wherein initiation of a cleaning session is based on readings from a temperature sensor (4”) monitoring the temperature in the smelt spout (4).