TW293866B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- TW293866B TW293866B TW084104269A TW84104269A TW293866B TW 293866 B TW293866 B TW 293866B TW 084104269 A TW084104269 A TW 084104269A TW 84104269 A TW84104269 A TW 84104269A TW 293866 B TW293866 B TW 293866B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- temperature
- exhaust gas
- molecular sieve
- patent application
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical group [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000003 hoof Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 zeolite capture Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical class O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- GMCGCPYXMNXJQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold thorium Chemical compound [Au][Th] GMCGCPYXMNXJQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001415145 Acnistus arborescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910017107 AlOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000239226 Scorpiones Species 0.000 description 1
- NEHNHSYTMVZVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].O[Si](O)(O)O Chemical compound [B].O[Si](O)(O)O NEHNHSYTMVZVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAYLWIVYEWHCQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;osmium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Os] FAYLWIVYEWHCQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001486 argon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052676 chabazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZSZNUIGFWQXJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K gold(3+);phosphate Chemical compound [Au+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZSZNUIGFWQXJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 210000003709 heart valve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002113 nanodiamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical group [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical class [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium atom Chemical compound [Pu] OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9481—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
- F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0835—Hydrocarbons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
- F01N3/0878—Bypassing absorbents or adsorbents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2053—By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
- F01N2250/12—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and catalytic conversion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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如 3866 Α7_____ϋ五、發明説明(I ) 3· 1 經濟部中央標芈局員工消費合作社印製 發明背景: 本發明係關於被動式單排吸附系統,其能夠符合超低 排放物車輛(ULEV)標準,其藉由使用截止觸媒,燃熵觸媒, 碳氫化合物吸附器,Μ及可附加上作為主要轉化器三向觸 媒之組合物。 內燃機在引擎冷態啟動階段由於在引擎中為富燃料混 合氣體而排放大量未燃燒碳氫化合物,以及在啟動階段必 定為不完全燃焼。該未燃燒碳氫化合物之排放一直持續到 主要觸媒達到其截止溫度,在該溫度下觸媒開始將碳氫化 合物轉化為無害之氣體。已測定出大部份内燃機一般截止 時間大約為50至120秒,在該段時間内顯著數盪之碳氫化合 物被排放入大氣中。任何系铳實際截止時間將決定於觸媒 相對於引擎之位置,Κ及所裝置之貴金羼。 同時觸媒轉化器已為人所知作為遢原汽車«氣中氮氧 化物(ΝΟχ>,Μ及氧化碳氫化合物Μ及一氧化碳,該作用通 常發生在300t:或更高之溫度下。不過,為了增加汽車排放 控制糸統之效果,在較低溫度下即冷態啟動過程中,顯著數 量碳氫化合物必補被吸附Μ及被保持並持蹟到轉化器達到 其截止溫度。 在過去已嘗試利用複雑Μ及昂貴的管閥糸統以改善效 果,或使用多種觸媒沿著廢氣流動路徑Μ串聯方式放置著 。為了解決上述問題亦苜試利用將廢氣分成相等之部份而 導入不相同轉化器或過滤器内。同時亦已揭示出多觸媒轉 化器糸統,在其中利用壓力感應流動控制闕控制廢氣流動 ---^---.—^--「Μ衣— (婧先閲靖f面之注$項再填艿本頁) 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家樣準(CNS ) Λ4規格(21〇Χ297公釐) 千 v y ο ο ΰ 6 Α7 Β7 —------------ - —..... -.-.·.· --—….— --— 五、發明説明(2_ ) 2 4 經濟部中央標準局貞工消費合作社印製 至每一轉化器。 已揭示出一個系統,其中在低溫下Μ及引擎低負載情 況下賴由將廢氣通過相畨大體稹觸媒《而使其具有低空間 速度Μ確保廢氣與觸媒槽接觸預定之時間Μ確保逋當之轉 化Μ使系铳廢氣中之碳氬化合物被降低。在引擎离溫度Μ 及引擎高負載情況下,氣體通過高空間速度之小體積觸媒 轉化器而與觸媒楢為最少之接觸。導引«氣流動之控制檄 能包含一個閥Κ及控制閥之霣子控制系统。上述系統並未 提供在逋當時程吸附及釋出碳氫化合物之淨化作用。 目前一些方法已提出Μ捕捉或去除逭些未燃堍之碳氫 化合物,包括以沸石捕捉,碳捕捉以及電子方式加热觸媒。 例如,一種糸統已被揭示出,其包含碳氫化合物吸附材料, 其由基質塗覆Μ作飼及鈀離子交換之ZSM-5沸石混合粉末, Μ及Μ單排放置於鉑/姥觸媒上游側。 本發明目標在於提供一種較佳Μ及改菩之引擎睡氣系 统Μ減少或去除廢氣排放氣體中未燃燒之碳氫化合物,特 別是在冷戆階段。 發明大要: 本發明闞於引擎廢氣系統以處理含有碳氫化合物引擎 廢氣,其使用截止觸媒,一個位於截止觸媒下游之罩般,Μ 及罩般下游之燃熵觸媒。罩般包含分子篩结構以在溫度低 於第一溫度下吸附引擎顢氣滾之碳氫化合物,以及流量控 制裝置Μ導引Μ及控制廢氣流過分子篩结構。在高於第一 溫度之第二溫度下,分子篩結構釋出碳氣化合物,該碳氫化 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡率(CNS ) Λ4現格(210X 297公釐}r ------;丨__丨„1 裝 II (婧先閲讀背面之注項存填鸡本頁) -9
A 3 A7 B7 五、發明説明(3 ) 合物而後藉由燃焼觸媒在氧化還原條件下被轉化為水份Μ 及二氧化碳。搡作流董控制裝置Μ導引氣流通過罩般並賴 由控制第一位置Μ導引所有或實質上所有之廢氣流通過分 子篩结構,Μ及第二位置Μ専引主要或》»上部份«氣流 離開分子篩结構,因而有效地導引大部份發氣流由截止觸 媒至燃燒觸媒,可直接地或理擇性地經通主要觸媒轉化器 或三向觸媒,其亦可放置於如圖2所顬示之罩般内。 在本說明書中所使用名詞: ”高矽石沸石”係指沸石具有二氧化矽/三氧化二鋁萁 耳百分比超過10以及在一些應用中為大於100,在本發明中 能夠使用任何矽石/礬土莫耳比值,為了热穩定性最好使用 高或非常高之矽石/礬土比值; "分子篩”係指结晶物質或结構具有適合吸附分子之孔 隙大小。該名稱通常被使用來說明一種材料具有選擇性吸 附特性。作為分子篩之材料必補分離出分子大小以及形狀 不相同之混合物組成份。埴些材料包含矽酸鹽,金饜矽酸 邇,A1P04S,矽基μ及金屬鋁磷酸鹽,沸石以及其他說明於 R. Szostak之 Molecular Sieves: Principles of Synthesis and Identification, pages 2-6 (Van Nostrand Reinhold Catalysis Series, 1989); "沸石”為结晶鋁矽酸鼸,其结構理論上主要為共同與 氧原子連结之AlOx與SiOy四面髖無限延伸三度空間網狀结 構,更詳细說明揭示於美國第3702886號專利,1973年10月 17日公告之英國第1334243號専利,美國第3709979號專利 m In 經濟部中央標準局KS:工消費合作社印製 ----I-:---「裝------訂------泉—----- I f · (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填舄本頁)
6 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ___B7_ 五、發明説明(牛) Μ及美國第3832449號專利中; 轉化器之”截止溫度"係指觸媒轉化器能夠轉化50%— 氧化碳或碳氫化合物或氮氧化物之溫度; "整體基質”為任何單一物體或基質,其由加入分子篩 材料而形成,在此所使用之蜂巢體為整體基«之一種形式, 但是整傾基霣並非必需為蜂巢觼基霣及 釋出之碳氣化合物氧化作用發生在燃燒觸媒處,其亦 能夠作為三向觸媒Μ轉化氮氧化物,一氧化碳,Μ及碳氫化 合物,♦假如箝要的話,坩加額外之空氣Μ使氧化埋原比值為 箱要之程度Μ將有害之氣驩轉化為無害之氣髓。 附圔簡單說明: _ la為本發明廢氣系統之示意鼷; 圖lb為曲線圖,顯示出截止觸媒,燃燒觸媒,Μ及任何 附加之三向觸媒所達到之相對溫度為時間之函數; 圖2為本發明一項構造斷面(縱向)圈,在其中吸附器只 佔據罩殻之一半;以及亦顯示出雙金屬折»之相對位置; 圖3為圖2構造另外一種情況縦向圃,在其中主要觸媒 轉化器或三向觸媒放置於罩般另外一半處; 圖4為本發明另外一種構造斷面圔,在其中吸附器為择 巢體结構;其具有型心,•在該第一(闞閉)位置處,雙金臁折 霣覆蓋著型心以導引實霣上所有廢氣流經吸附器;. 圖5為圖4構造之斷面圈,顧示出雙金靨折霣在第二(敝 開)位置處,其導引大部份數悬廢氣流經敝開之型心,》霣 上縝過吸附器;以及 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準(CNS ) Λ4規格(210X297公釐〉 7 ---------- --— (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填艿本頁) =·* -# \)1 7 .5 293866 A7 B7 五、發明説明(f 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 圖6aM及6b為圖2實胞例斷面圖,其顯示出雙金羼折冀 分別在關閉Μ及敞開之位置。 附圖參考數字說明: 10引擎廢氣系統;12罩殺;14,24吸附器;15截止觸 媒;16敞開或自由流動區域;17雙金雇折翼;18,28流量 控制裝置(雙金鼷折Κ ); 19分隔壁板;20燃燒觸媒;22主 要觸媒轉化器或三向觸媒;26中空型心;101引擎/i〇2滅 t 音器。 本發明詳细說明: 如本發明所預期的,分子篩结構為碳氫化合物吸附器, 其在低溫下將吸附Μ及保持住在引擎啟動階段大部份碳氣 化合物排放物。通常,在該低溫下,燃焼觸媒及/或主要觸 媒轉化器尚未達到其有效之操作溫度。由於引擎啟動(在 冷態),所產生碳氫化合物開始被吸附。該吸附作用一直持 續到燃焴觸媒達到其有效操作溫度,在該時刻碳氪化合物 由分子篩吸附器釋出。由分子篩釋出碳fi化合物開始於分 子篩達到其釋出溫度時,釋出作用通常完成於分子篩(吸附 器)達到溫度約為300-400C時。 在汽車觸媒轉化器中通常所使用之觸媒通常具有之截 止溫度在200至400¾範圍内。碳氫化合物開始由沸石釋出 之溫度低於觸媒截止溫度。因此,應該使用特殊引擎廢氣 糸統設計,其能夠使沸石保持住所吸附之碳氫化合物一直 持績到觸媒達到其截止溫度以及而後釋出碳氫化合物至燃 燒觸媒以作為轉化。圖la顯示出本發明特殊醆氣糸統10之 示意圖。其主要是引擎啟動後儘快地使截止觸媒達到其有 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 2 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 8’ 6 8’ 6 經濟部中央樣準局貝工消費合作社印製 A7 ____B7_ 五、發明说明(6) 效(截止)溫度。吸附器以及燃焼«媒之相對溫度為時間之 函数被顯示於圖lb中。在啟動後,分子篩BM及觸媒(A及C} 之溫度藉由與引擎排放出廢氣接觸而被提高。在開始(啟 動)時,流董控制裝置為關閉之位置以及所有廢氣由截止觸 媒Ags至吸附器B,燃燒觸媒C,以及再流出滅音器。控制閥 保持為Μ閉位置一直持鑛到截止觸媒W到其截止溫度。 系統設計使得吸附器Β沒有達到其釋出溫度並持績到燃燒 器C達到其截止溫度時。在截止«媒達到其截止溫度後,控 制裝置移動其第二(敞開)位置,將大部份睡氣由吸附器Β轉 向,Μ及直接導引至燃燒觸媒C,假如装置三向觸媒則先經 過三向觸媒轉化器再到燃焼觸媒。 我們發現本發明目檷掂夠並不使用通常在該應用中所 採用之複雑管閥Μ及控制糸統而達成。特別是,所需要目 摞能夠使用包含雙金羼折興或任何溫度促動描板之流量控 制装置而達成。最好,流量控制裝置為雙金颺折霣形式,其 作用為一個流量擋板Μ導引Μ及控制廢氣潦經吸附器。本 發明優先使用之實施例將在此針對附圖所顯示之實施例說 明。 參考附圜2,廢氣糸統10包含截止觸媒15Μ及燃堍觸媒 20,兩涸觸媒由金鼸罩毅12所隔離,以及在罩殼中具有吸附 器14以捕捉廢氣流中之碳氫化合物。在單肢内具有空的或 自由流動之區域16,其形成無阻礙之路徑由截止觸媒15至 燃焼觸媒20。敞開自由流動區域藉由金《分隔壁板19而與 分子篩隔離,該壁板19被固定地連接至金鼷罩般,Μ及縱向 本紙張尺度適用中國國家榡準(CNS ) Λ4規格(210X297公釐) . ^ ~ 裝 «I i (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 9 ' 7 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 Α7 Β7 五、發明説明(7 ) 地由進入口或上游端部延伸至出口或罩《下游端部。放置 於分隔壁板19上游端部處為流衋控制裝置18,其所在位置 為變化性之位置,為由W閉至敞開位置(如M 6a及6b所顯示 ),M導引廢氣流經罩骹12。流最控制裝置18能夠是任何材 料,其能夠承受廢氣之操作溫度。在優先使用*施例中,流 量控制装置18金屬成陶瓷折興,其埋附或連接在装置上,雙 金羼折«17被設計成預定溫度下在第一(闞閉>M及第二( 敞開)位置Μ得到所爾要之路徑。為了易於說明在此所使 用雙金屬折霣18被使用來說明雙金臛板條17,其埋嵌或連 附至金藺或陶瓷折興。 所使用"敞開"或"W閉"係說明使用圔2之结構時雙金 靨折S位置為圖6a及6b所顧示的位置。在第一(W閉)位置 (圖6a)中,控制裝置18往上移動Μ封閉封閉區域16因此有 效地導引所有或大體上所有廢氣流經吸附器14,在該處廢 氣中碳氫化合物被捕捉。在第二(敞開)位置(圖6b)處,控 制裝置18往下移動以覆蓋Μ及封閉住流體流經吸附器14, 因而有效地専引大部份氣體至敞開之區域16,同時相當少 部份氣體連續性地流經吸附器14。 一部份廢氣連鑛地流經吸附器Μ使吸附器達到其釋出 溫度。最好,當燃焼觸媒達到其操作溫度後足夠數量之廢 氣被導引至吸附器Κ使吸附器達到其釋出溫度,如鬮1所顧 示。達到該目檷所爾要之廢氣随著每一系統而變化Μ及必 镉由試驗決定出。本發明中所列舉實施例,在敝開位置中, 其痛要5至50百分比,最好10-30百分比廢氣連續地流經吸 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Λ4規格(210Χ297公釐) ---------—裝-- - - (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填艿本頁) --0 293866 Α7 Β7 10’ 8 五、發明説明(e ) 經濟部中央橾準局男工消费合作社印製 附器K確賁使釋出溫度在燃焼溫度達到其搡作溫度後才達到。 圔3列舉出圖2實施例改良構造,在其中主要觸媒轉化 器例如三向觸媒(TWC)22放置於罩殻内Μ位於最先敞開或 自由流動區域16。在該實施例中,廢氣系統主要功能如先 前所說明的。在啟動階段,控制裝置為封閉之位置,Μ及所 有成大體上所有廢氣流經截止轉化器15以及進入吸附器14 ,廢氣中碳氫化合物在該處被吸附。該流動路徑一直持鑛 到吸附器平均或中間處溫度在80至lOOt:範園内,在該時, 控制裝置18由封閉位置移動至敝開之位置,因而有效地専 引主要部份之廢氣流經轉化器22,同時連鑛地導引一小部 份氣髖流經吸附器如先前所說明的。當流ft控制裝置為敞 開之位置,主要或大部份廢氣被導引流經主要觸媒轉化器 22,K及由該處流至燃燒觸媒20。 在溫度提髙至預先決定之數值後,當燃焼及/或主要觸 媒達到其有效操作溫度,雙金靨折《移動至第二(敞開 >位 置K有效地導引大部份廢氣流經觸媒轉化器同時持績導引 少部份氣體至吸附器。當熱廢氣流經主要觸媒轉化器,其 快速地將轉化器加熱至其截止溫度。轉化器而後達到有效 操作溫度,在該溫度下其能夠將裔氣中碳氫化合物轉化。 最好,持鑛流經吸附器之數量足Μ使吸附器當燃焼觸媒達 到其有效操作溫度不久之後達到釋出溫度,因而有效地由 吸附器釋出碳氫化合物。釋出碳氫化合物而後在燃燒觸媒 處被轉化。 (請先閲讀背面之注f項再填寫本頁) -=·* 線r 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 83. 3. 10,000 293866 A7 _______B7五、發明説明Μ ) 1 1 9 鯉濟部中央梯準局貞工消费合作社印裝 在圃4及5所列舉實施例中,吸附器24包含蜂巢趙结構, 其具有由管狀分隔壁板所形成之中空型心26。在該實施例 中,流量控制装置28固定地連附至管狀分隔壁板Μ及在放 動時(圖4)位於第二(闞閉)位置,以及保持為該位置直到分 子篩之中間位置或平均溫度達到80至lOOt:。在該第一位 置處,所有或大體上所有廢氣流烴吸附器24,在該處大體上 廢氣中所有碳氫化合物被吸附器捕捉或吸附。當分子篩中 間槽處或平均溫度達到預先決定溫度時,流量控制裝置28 移動至第二(敝開)位置如圈5所示,其中大部份廢氣流經中 空之型心26,同時少部份廢氣持纽地流經吸附器24以使吸 附器達到釋出溫度。由少部份連缅流經吸附器氣體之熱傅 導,以及大部份流經中空型心氣艚之热量媛慢地對吸附器 加熱至其釋出溫度。釋出之碳氫化合物而後通遇燃燒觸媒 20M作為轉化。最好,當流量控制裝置28在第二(敝開}位 置,廢氣流經中空型心26以及吸附器24之相對數量為缠當 比例使得吸附器24在燃熇觭媒20達到其有效操作溫度時或 不久之後達到其釋出溫度。 本發明有用的之分子締材料包含矽石-篇土不同比例 之矽酸鹽(例如金臞矽酸鹽),金雇磷酸鹽,鋁磷酸馥(例如 矽基Μ及金靥鋁明酸鹽(MeAPO) ,SAP0,MeAPS0),鎵睹酸馥, Μ及其混合物。有用的金觴矽酸》一些範例包含沸石,矽 酸鎵,矽酸鉻,矽酸硼,矽酸撖。特別適合本發明之沸石一 些範例包含ZSM-5,/3 ,納菱沸石,mazzite,鉀菱沸石,ZSM-12,ZSM-18,磷酸皴鹽-H,boggsite,SAP0-40,SAP0-41,M 及 (請先閲讀背面之注$項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度速用中國國家標準(CNS } A4说格(210><297公兼) 83. 3. 10,000 \7· A7 __B7 五、發明説明(丨〇 ) Γν 2 1 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 其混合物,最優先使用為ZSM-5,/3 ,超锞定Y(USY),M及絲 光沸石(mordenite) ° 人們知道在冷態啟動階段,分子篩沸石不但捕捉碳氫 化合物同時亦能夠·促使一些碳氫化合物裂解(例如焦化>。 為了防止焦化,吸附器能夠Μ適當觸媒起觸媒作用。如業 界所知,貴金屬氧化觸媒例如鉑,姥,及鈀能夠加入沸石分 子篩Μ確實使由於焦化作用產生之碳氫化合物氧化。任何 能夠將碳氳化合物轉化為水及二氧化碳之觸媒能夠加入至 沸石中。這些觸媒已為業界所热知。例如貴金臈觸媒鉑, ,铑,鈀以及其混合物能夠廣泛地使用於汽車觸媒轉化器中 。這些觸媒不但能夠氧化碳氳化合物同時亦能夠將引擎廢 氣中一氧化碳Μ及氮氧化物轉化為二氧化碳Μ及氮。這些 觸媒能夠Μ已知的方法加入吸附器或分子篩结構中。人們 热知一些沸石/貴金靥混合物例如揭示於本公司之美國第 5244852號專利(在此加入作為參考),其功能為轉化之三向 觸媒。 如先前所討論,能夠將氮氧化物及一氧化碳轉化為非 毒性生成物之三向轉化器能夠使用於本發明之中。通常, 在汽車應用中所使用之三向觸媒包含貴金羼例如鉑及/或 鈀,及鍩。該觸媒一些範例包括鉑/鈀/姥在7鏐土上並含 有稀土族氧化物(例如鈽土),以及鉑在紳土 -礬土上Μ及姥 在皓石上。 本發明碳氫化合物捕捉或分子篩结構能夠使用為任何 數目之形式。例如·,分子篩或沸石能夠直接使用為小粒或 (請先閲楨背面之注意事項再填对本+Κ). -線’ 11. 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS丁八4規格(21〇Χ:Ζ97公釐) 83. 3.10,00015 13 1: 經濟部中央標準局貞工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(丨丨) 九狀形式,或其能夠埋嵌或塗覆於孔基質上。分子蹄材 料能夠Μ已知方法例如傳铳性塗刷塗覆或噴澜方式塗覆於 基質上。在刷塗技術中,基質與含有分子篩Μ及其他姐成 份例如暫時性黏合劑,永久性黏合劑或前體,分敗劑以及其 他添加劑之泥漿接觸。這些方法已為業界所热知。在泥漿 中永久性黏接劑包含例如鋁氧化物Μ及其前體,矽石,氧化 鈦,氧化皓,稀土族氧化物,Κ及其前體,尖晶石Κ及前體。 分子篩泥漿而後塗覆(例如利用重複噴瀰或浸漬)至基質上 直到分子篩材料所需要之數量被塗覆上。形成沸石在基霣 表面上之一種方法已揭示出美國第3730910號專利,其在此 加入作為參考。 在一項特殊實施例中,分子篩為多孔性單®结構形式 之沸石,其藉由將沸石擠製於蜂巢體结構中形成。美國第 4381255號專利在此加入作為參考,其揭示出一種藉由擠製 包含相等數量沸石粉末、偏高嶺石黏土Μ及接近化學計算 當虽鹸性溶液製造無黏合劑沸石之方法,在其中擠製黏土 结晶形成凝聚性之顆粒,其大體上全是沸石。同樣地,美國 第4637995號專利同樣地在此加入作為參考,其揭示出一種 配製單體沸石支撐體之方法,其包含陶瓷基體而沸石分散 於其中。 形成分子篩结構另外一種有用的方法包含埋嵌或塗覆 沸石於金靥,金靥合金,陶瓷,或玻璃陶瓷基霣上,例如為擠 製蜂巢體基質,如美國第5657880號專利所揭示,其在此加 入作為參考。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公釐) I屮 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝· 訂 14 1: A7 _B7_ 五、發明説明(12〇 吸附器亦能夠藉由成長沸石而形成,即藉由將沸石结 晶於金羼,金靥合金,陶瓷,或玻璃陶瓷基質表面上。结晶 出強固鍵结之沸石於單體陶瓷基霣表面上之方法已揭示於 美國第4800187號專利中,其在此加入作為參考。 基質能夠是任何適合高溫應用之材料,例如為金屬,金 _合金,陶瓷,玻璃陶瓷,玻璃,高表面損高溫穗定氧化物, Μ及這些材料之混合物。有用基質材料一些範例包含堇青 石,尖晶石,礬土,矽石,砸化物,經礬土矽酸鹽,_ 土矽石, 長石,氧化钛,熔融矽石,氮化物,碳化物Μ及其混合物。作 為基質有用的金靨包含锇金靥所構成之基質包含锇-鋁,餓 -鉻-銘合金,不鏽鋼,Μ及鐵-鎳合金。美國第4631267號專 利在此加入作為參考,其揭示出一種製造單體支撐沸石結 構之方法,其藉由混合大體上均質的物體(i)沸石(ii>沸石 永久性黏合劑之前體,其由礬土前體,矽石前趙,氧化鈦前 體,皓石前體Μ及埴些混合物中選取出,Μ及(iii )暫時性 黏合劑;Μ及擠製混合物以形成多孔性單體分子篩结構。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) '裝- --a 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Λ4规格(2丨0 X 297公釐)
Claims (1)
- 293866 C8 D8六、申請專利範圍 3 1 -5 1 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 1. 一種含有碳氫化合物引擎廢氣之引擎廢氣系統,其包含 截止觸媒,在截止觸媒下游之罩骰,κ及在罩般下游之燃熵 觸媒,燃燒觸媒具有截止溫度Μ及能夠將碳氫化合物轉化 為二氧化碳Μ及水,罩骰具有進人口或上游端部Μ及出口 或下游端部,Κ及包含第一及第二區域,該區域由分隔壁板 所隔離,該分隔壁板由進入口縦向延伸出至出口端部,該多 個區域中一個區域放置分子篩结構Μ吸附碳氮化合物,分 子篩结構具有第一及第二溫度,流量控制裝置固定地埋附 至罩骹上游處,當分子篩溫度低於第一溫度時流量控制裝 置位於第一位置,Μ及分子篩為第一溫度時位於第二位置。 2. 依據申請專利範圃第1項之廢氣糸統,其中第一溫度在80 -100Ί0範圍内,及/或第二溫度在300-4001C範圍内。 3. 依據申請專利範,圍第1或2項之顢氣系統,其中位於第一 位置中流量控制裝置操作Κ導引大體上所有廢氣流至分子 篩结構Μ吸附碳氫化合物,Μ及因此至燃燒觸媒;在第二位 置中流量控制裝置操作Μ導引主要部份廢氣流至敞開或自 由流動區域,及少部份廢氣流至分子蹄结構,再至燃燒觸媒。 4. 依據申請專利範圃第1或2項之廢氣系铳,其中流量控制 裝置包含溫度感應雙金屬折翼,其燃燒觸媒達到其截止溫 度後位於第二位置Μ導引大部份駸氣流經燃焼觸媒以及少 部份廢氣流經分子篩结構,再經過燃燒觸媒。 5. 依捶申請專利範圍第4項之廢氣系統,其中當燃燒觸媒達 到其截止溫度時少部份廢氣之數量足Μ使分子篩结構達到 其釋出溫度,該數量可選擇性地為總廢氣量之5至50%範圃 \ ---1--1----裝-- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210Χ297公釐) A8 B8 C8 D8六、申請專利範圍 1 内。 6. 依據申請專利範圍第1或2項之廢氣系統,其中罩殻更進 一步包含三向觸媒K將一氧化碳,碳氫化合物,Μ及氮氧化 物轉化為二氧化碳,水Κ及氮,或另外一個主要觸媒轉化器 ,其放置於罩般第二區域中。 7. 依據申請專利範圍第1或2項之廢氣系铳,其中分子篩结 構包含沸石以及黏合劑刷塗泥漿,其支撐於基質上。 8. 依據申請專利範圍第7項之廢氣系統,其中基質及/或分 子篩結構為蜂巢體结構。 9. 依據申請專利範圃第1或2項之廢氣糸統,其中吸附器更 進一步包含觸媒。 10. 依據申請專利範圍第1或2項之廢氣系統,其中分子締结 構為ZSM-5,/3 ,超稱定Υ,絲光沸石,以及其混合物所堪取出 之沸石。 (請先閲讀背面之注項再填寫本頁) 裝· 訂 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準(CNS ) Α4規格(210Χ297公釐) — in 130 293866 申請曰期 案 號 料f。 類r 别 P vIN, -Μ 以上各欄由本局填註) A4 C4 ||銎專利説明書 發明 -、新型名稱 中 文 一種含有碳氫?^引擎廢氣之引擎廢氣系統 英 文 An Engine Exhaust System For A Hydrocarbon-containing Engine Exhaust System 姓 名 1. 馬連那官答帕提耳 2. 捷米雷衣司威醸 國 籍 發明 創作> 1. 美國 2. 美國 裝 住、居所 1.美國紐約州康寧洛而道十九號 2 ·美國紐約州潘提郵山道十一號 訂 姓 名 (名稱) 康寧公司 線 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 國 籍 美國 三、申請人 住、居所 (事務所) 代表人 姓 名 美國紐約州康寧區豪頓園區 阿彿雷米查森 本紙張尺度適用.中國.國家梯準(CNS) 格(210X297公釐) -π,"ι_ιιι 111111111111-11 丨丨i—g—imatlniiilli _1 -
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US4196170A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1980-04-01 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Multistage catalytic reactor having a pressure responsive gas flow control valve therein |
US4625511A (en) * | 1984-08-13 | 1986-12-02 | Arvin Industries, Inc. | Exhaust processor |
DE8810816U1 (de) * | 1988-08-26 | 1989-12-21 | Emitec Gesellschaft für Emissionstechnologie mbH, 53797 Lohmar | Katalysator-Gehäuse, insbesondere für Startkatalysatoren, und zugehöriger Katalysator-Trägerkörper |
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US5125231A (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1992-06-30 | Corning Incorporated | Dual converter engine exhaust system for reducing hydrocarbon emissions |
US5051244A (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1991-09-24 | Uop | Use of a molecular sieve bed to minimize emissions during cold start of internal combustion engines |
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JPH0559942A (ja) * | 1991-08-29 | 1993-03-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | コールドhc吸着除去装置 |
US5271906A (en) * | 1991-10-28 | 1993-12-21 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust emission control apparatus using catalytic converter with hydrocarbon absorbent |
US5373696A (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1994-12-20 | Ford Motor Company | Automotive engine with exhaust hydrocarbon adsorber having oxygen sensor regeneration control |
-
1994
- 1994-04-28 US US08/234,680 patent/US5582003A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-04-11 AU AU22464/95A patent/AU2246495A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-04-11 WO PCT/US1995/004483 patent/WO1995030823A1/en active Application Filing
- 1995-04-27 TW TW084104269A patent/TW293866B/zh active
- 1995-04-28 KR KR1019950010351A patent/KR950032995A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR950032995A (ko) | 1995-12-22 |
US5582003A (en) | 1996-12-10 |
WO1995030823A1 (en) | 1995-11-16 |
AU2246495A (en) | 1995-11-29 |
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