US1462680A - Burner for fluid fuel - Google Patents

Burner for fluid fuel Download PDF

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US1462680A
US1462680A US535654A US53565422A US1462680A US 1462680 A US1462680 A US 1462680A US 535654 A US535654 A US 535654A US 53565422 A US53565422 A US 53565422A US 1462680 A US1462680 A US 1462680A
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fuel
tube
nozzle
jacket
burner
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US535654A
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Bliss John
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S116/00—Signals and indicators
    • Y10S116/22—Heated air

Definitions

  • This invention consists in improvements in or relating to burners for fluid-fuel and has for its object to provide an-improved burner for heavy hydrocarbons wherein an atomizing or spraying of the hydrocarbons shall be more thoroughly eflected than heretofore.
  • a burner or sprayer comprises in combination a fuel-tube through which the fuel is to be passed in an axial direction, a jacket surrounding said fuel-tube with means to 2 lead steam or other fluid into the jacketspace between it and the fuel-tube, forwardly-directed conduits communicating between the jacket-space and the interior of the fuel-tube near its outlet end to lead,
  • a nozzle enclosing the outlet end of the fuel-tube and forwardly-directed conduits exterior to the bore of the fuel-tube and s0 disposed as to lead streams of steam or other fluid to commingle with the fuelmixture as it issues from the fuel-tube outlet into the nozzle.
  • both sets of forwardly-directed conduits aforesaid also converge towards the axis of the fuel-tube; and it is preferred that the conduits exterior to the fuel-tube are inclined across the axis of -the latter.
  • Figure 2 is an exterior view of the fueltube nozzle
  • Figure 3 is an end view of the nozzle 5 viewed from the left of Figure 2.
  • a fuel-tube 10 is secured at one end in a plug 11 which serves to close the corresponding end of a jacket 12 wherein the fuel-tube is axially disposed,
  • the plug 11 all) itself is axially bored to communicate with the interior of the fuel-tube 10 and is formed at 13 to constitute a union for connection with a pipe leading from the fuelsupply.
  • the fuel-tube At its opposite end the fuel-tube has secured to it a nozzle 14 the bore of which is flared outwardly as shown, but, at 16, immediately inadvance of the end of the fuel-tube, it is restricted in comparison with the diameter of the fuel-tube.
  • the nozzle At its outer end the nozzle is enlarged and is formed with a cylindrical exterior middle portion 17 with a tapered extremity 18.
  • the cylindrical portion 17 of the fueltube nozzle fits closely within the burner or sprayer nozzle 19 which itself is screwthreaded into the corresponding end of the jacket 12.
  • the cylindrical portion of the fuel-tube nozzle is formed with ducts 21 which are inclined across the axis of the fuel-tube and with ducts 31 formed in the material of the nozzle and opening, at one end, as shown, in the flared mouth thereof.
  • the outer nozzle 19 is tapered to fit over the tapering end 18 of the fuel-tube nozzle, the latter being of such dimensions that a tapered annular space 22 is afforded (communicating with the ducts 21) between its outer surface and the inner surface of the end of the burner-nozzle 19.
  • the tapering of the burner-nozzle is continued beyond the outer end of the fuel-tube nozzle to a restriction at 23 slightly in front of the latter and from this point the outer nozzle itself flares outwardly.
  • the space 22 constitutes a continuation of the ducts 21 and serves, with the aid of the tapering inner surface of the nozzle 19, as a forwardlydirected conduit inclined towards the axis of the fuel-tube, the direction of the material flowing therethrough being, moreover, inclined across the axis of the fuel-tube owing to the inclination of the ducts 21.
  • an inlet 24 for steam or other fluid In the jacket 12 immediately in advance of the closure-plug 11 at the fuel-inlet end is an inlet 24 for steam or other fluid.
  • hot air or other referred fluid or gas may be introduced into the jacket for the heating of and/or admixture with the fuel.
  • exterior conduits 21 and 22 could have been formed as ducts cut out of the material of the inner wall of the nozzle 19; or they could be formed partly in the material of the fuel-tube nozzle 14 and partly in the interior wall of the burner-nozzle 19.
  • a burner of the kind described comprising the combination of a fuel-tube through which the fuel is to be passed in an axial direction, a jacket surrounding said fuel-tube with means to lead steam or other fluid into the jacket-space between it and the fuel-tube, forwardly-directed conduits communicating between the jacket-space and the interior of the fuel-tube near its outlet end to lead fluid from the jacketspace into the fuel-tube to mix with the fuel before it leaves said tube, a nozzle enclosing the outlet end of the fuel-tube, and forwardly-directed conduits which are exterior to the bore of the fuel-tube, which are inclined across the axis of the latter and are so disposed as to lead streams of steam or other fluid into said enclosing nozzle whereby it is free to commingle with the fuel-mixture as it issues from the fuel-tube outlet into the said nozzle, said enclosing nozzle directing .all of the commingled fluids.
  • a burner of the kind described comprising the combination of a fuel-tube through which fuel is to be passed in an axial direction, a jacket surrounding said fuel-tube with means to lead steam or other fluid into the jacket-space between it and the fuel-tube, forwardly-directed conduits which converge towards the axis of the fuel-tube and communicate between the jacket space and the interior of the fueltube near its outlet end to lead fluid from the jacket-space into the fuel-tube to mix with the fuel before it leaves said tube, a nozzle enclosing the outlet end of the fuel-tube, and forwardly-directed conduits which are exterior to the'bore of the fueltube, which are inclined across the axis of the latter and which are so disposed as to lead streams of steam or other fluid into said enclosing nozzle which causes the fluid discharged by said conduits to converge towards the axis of the fuel-tube;
  • a burner of the'kind described comprising the combination of, a fuel-tube the outlet end of which is outwardly flared, a
  • jacket surrounding said fuel-tube and hav-- ing a burner-nozzle which'closely surrounds the outlet of said fuel-tube, means to lead steam or other fluid into the jacket-space between the jacket and the fuel-tube, forwardly-directed conduits which extend through the material of the flared end of fuel-tube, and communicate between the jacket-space and the interior of the fueltube near its outlet end to lead fluid from the jacket-space into the fuel-tube to mix with the fuel before it leaves-said tube, and other forwardly-directed which are formed in the material of the outer surface of the flared end of the fueltube and are so disposed as to lead streams of steam or other fluid into said burner nozzle whereby it is free to commingle with the fuel-mixture as it issues from the fueltubeoutlet through the said burner-nozzle.
  • a burner of the kind described comprising the combination of a fuel-tube, a flared nozzle secured to the outlet end thereof, a jacket surroundingsaid fuel-tube, a burner-nozzle secured to the jacket and closely surrounding the outlet nozzle of said fuel-tube and formed with a constricted portion beyond the end of said outlet nozzle,
  • forwardly-directed conduits which I extend through the material of the said fueltube nozzle, which converge towards the axis of the fuel-tube and communicate between the acket-space and the interior of the fueltube nozzle near its outlet end to lead fluid from the jacket-space to mix with the fuel before it leaves said nozzle, and other forwardly-directed conduits which are formed in the material of the outer surface of the fuel-tube nozzle, which are inclined to cross the axis of the latter and are so disposed as to lead streams of steam or other fluid into the burner-nozzle which causes the fluid discharged thereby to converge towards the axis of the fuel-tube whereby it is free to commingle with the fuel mixture as it issues from the fuel-tube nozzle.
  • a burner of the kind described comprising .in combination afuel-tube through which fuel is to be passed in an axial direction, a jacket surrounding said fuel-tube with means to lead steam or other fluid into the jacket-s ace between it and the fueltube, a nozz e for the fuel-tube, a burnernozzle secured to the jacket and closely surrounding the fuel-tube nozzle with its outlet extended beyond the outlet of the fueltube nozzle, forwardly-directed conduits communicating. between the jacket-space and the interior of the fuel-tube nozzle near its outlet, and other forwardly-directed conduits formed by open channels in the material of at least one nozzle and opening in that surface of it which is opposed by the adjacent surface of the other. nozzle, said conduits serving to lead fluid from the jacket-space into the burner nozzle whereby it is free to commingle with the fuel-mixture as it issues from the fuel-tube nozzle.
  • a burner of the kind described comprising in combination a fuel-tube through which fuel is to be passed in an axial direction, a jacket surrounding said fuel-tube with means to lead steam or other fluid into the jacket-space between it and the fueltube, a nozzle for the fuel-tube, a burnernozzle secured to the jacket and closely surrounding the fuel-tube nozzle with its outlet extended beyond the outlet of the fuel-tube nozzle, forwardly-directed conduits communicating between the jacket-space and the interior of the fuel-tube nozzle near its outlet, and other forwardly-directed conduits formed by open channels in the material of at least one nozzle and opening in that surface of it which is opposed by the adjacent surface of the other nozzle, said conduits serving to lead fluid from the acket-space into the burner nozzle whereby it is free to commingle with the fuel-mixture as it issues from the fuel-tube nozzle and said conduits being inclined across the axis of the latter.
  • a burner of the kind described comprising in combination a fuel-tube through which fuel is to be passed in an axial direction, a jacket surrounding said fuel-tuhe.
  • conduits serving to lead fluid from the jacket-space into the burner nozzle whereby it is free to commingle with the fuel-mixture as it issues from the fuel-tube nozzle and said conduits being inclined across the axis of the latter and communicating with means converging towards that axis.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)

Description

July 24, 1923. 1,462,680
J. BLISS BURNER FOR FLUID FUEL Filed Sept. 1922 Patented July 24, 1923.
SAT
JOHN BLISS, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.
BURNER FOR FLUID FUEL.
Application filed September 1, 1922. Serial lt'o. 585,654.
To all whom it'may concern Bait known that 1, JOHN Brass, subject of the King of England, residing in London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Burners for Fluid Fuel, of which the following is a specification.
This invention consists in improvements in or relating to burners for fluid-fuel and has for its object to provide an-improved burner for heavy hydrocarbons wherein an atomizing or spraying of the hydrocarbons shall be more thoroughly eflected than heretofore.
According to the present invention a burner or sprayer comprises in combination a fuel-tube through which the fuel is to be passed in an axial direction, a jacket surrounding said fuel-tube with means to 2 lead steam or other fluid into the jacketspace between it and the fuel-tube, forwardly-directed conduits communicating between the jacket-space and the interior of the fuel-tube near its outlet end to lead,
fluid from the jacket-space into the fueltube to mix with the fuel before it leaves the said tube, a nozzle enclosing the outlet end of the fuel-tube and forwardly-directed conduits exterior to the bore of the fuel-tube and s0 disposed as to lead streams of steam or other fluid to commingle with the fuelmixture as it issues from the fuel-tube outlet into the nozzle.
Conveniently both sets of forwardly-directed conduits aforesaid also converge towards the axis of the fuel-tube; and it is preferred that the conduits exterior to the fuel-tube are inclined across the axis of -the latter.
One preferred form of the invention will now be described by way of example only, wit-h the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a central section through the burner in a plane containing the axis thereof; D
Figure 2 is an exterior view of the fueltube nozzle; and
Figure 3 is an end view of the nozzle 5 viewed from the left of Figure 2.
Like reference numerals indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
A fuel-tube 10 is secured at one end in a plug 11 which serves to close the corresponding end of a jacket 12 wherein the fuel-tube is axially disposed, The plug 11 all) itself is axially bored to communicate with the interior of the fuel-tube 10 and is formed at 13 to constitute a union for connection with a pipe leading from the fuelsupply.
At its opposite end the fuel-tube has secured to it a nozzle 14 the bore of which is flared outwardly as shown, but, at 16, immediately inadvance of the end of the fuel-tube, it is restricted in comparison with the diameter of the fuel-tube. At its outer end the nozzle is enlarged and is formed with a cylindrical exterior middle portion 17 with a tapered extremity 18.
The cylindrical portion 17 of the fueltube nozzle fits closely within the burner or sprayer nozzle 19 which itself is screwthreaded into the corresponding end of the jacket 12.
The cylindrical portion of the fuel-tube nozzle is formed with ducts 21 which are inclined across the axis of the fuel-tube and with ducts 31 formed in the material of the nozzle and opening, at one end, as shown, in the flared mouth thereof.
The outer nozzle 19 is tapered to fit over the tapering end 18 of the fuel-tube nozzle, the latter being of such dimensions that a tapered annular space 22 is afforded (communicating with the ducts 21) between its outer surface and the inner surface of the end of the burner-nozzle 19. The tapering of the burner-nozzle is continued beyond the outer end of the fuel-tube nozzle to a restriction at 23 slightly in front of the latter and from this point the outer nozzle itself flares outwardly. The space 22 constitutes a continuation of the ducts 21 and serves, with the aid of the tapering inner surface of the nozzle 19, as a forwardlydirected conduit inclined towards the axis of the fuel-tube, the direction of the material flowing therethrough being, moreover, inclined across the axis of the fuel-tube owing to the inclination of the ducts 21.
In the jacket 12 immediately in advance of the closure-plug 11 at the fuel-inlet end is an inlet 24 for steam or other fluid.
In operation it is preferred to admit steam to the outer jacket 12 so as to heat the fuel as it passes through the fuel-tube 10. The fuel passes from the tube 10 into the nozzle 14 and is met by steam from the jacket-space surrounding the fuel-tube entering the nozzle through the conduits 31. These conduits are directed towards the till axis of the fuel-tube and thus effect anintimate contact and commingling of the steam with the warmed or heated fuel which serves partially to break up or atomize the latter as it leaves the nozzle 14 and enters the sprayer-nozzle 19. When the fuel-mixture thus produced issues from the end of the nozzle 14, it is met by further streams of steam issuing from the conduits 21 and 22. Owing to the inclination of the conduits 21 the steam leaves the conduit 22 in a swirling manner and thus effects a swirling of the fuel-mixture with further atomization thereof so that the fuelmixture issues from the flared end of the burner-nozzle 19 in the form of a finely divided' fuel-spray intimately admixed with steam.-
Obviously, instead of supplying steam to the interior of the jacket 12, hot air or other referred fluid or gas may be introduced into the jacket for the heating of and/or admixture with the fuel.
In an alternative construction the exterior conduits 21 and 22 could have been formed as ducts cut out of the material of the inner wall of the nozzle 19; or they could be formed partly in the material of the fuel-tube nozzle 14 and partly in the interior wall of the burner-nozzle 19.
What I claim as m invention and desire to secure by Letters atent is 1. A burner of the kind described comprising the combination of a fuel-tube through which the fuel is to be passed in an axial direction, a jacket surrounding said fuel-tube with means to lead steam or other fluid into the jacket-space between it and the fuel-tube, forwardly-directed conduits communicating between the jacket-space and the interior of the fuel-tube near its outlet end to lead fluid from the jacketspace into the fuel-tube to mix with the fuel before it leaves said tube, a nozzle enclosing the outlet end of the fuel-tube, and forwardly-directed conduits which are exterior to the bore of the fuel-tube, which are inclined across the axis of the latter and are so disposed as to lead streams of steam or other fluid into said enclosing nozzle whereby it is free to commingle with the fuel-mixture as it issues from the fuel-tube outlet into the said nozzle, said enclosing nozzle directing .all of the commingled fluids.
2. A burner of the kind described comprising the combination of a fuel-tube through which fuel is to be passed in an axial direction, a jacket surrounding said fuel-tube with means to lead steam or other fluid into the jacket-space between it and the fuel-tube, forwardly-directed conduits which converge towards the axis of the fuel-tube and communicate between the jacket space and the interior of the fueltube near its outlet end to lead fluid from the jacket-space into the fuel-tube to mix with the fuel before it leaves said tube, a nozzle enclosing the outlet end of the fuel-tube, and forwardly-directed conduits which are exterior to the'bore of the fueltube, which are inclined across the axis of the latter and which are so disposed as to lead streams of steam or other fluid into said enclosing nozzle which causes the fluid discharged by said conduits to converge towards the axis of the fuel-tube;
whereby it isfree to commingle with the fuel mixture as it issues from the fuel-tube I outlet into the said enclosing nozzle.
3. A burner of the'kind described comprising the combination of, a fuel-tube the outlet end of which is outwardly flared, a
jacket surrounding said fuel-tube and hav-- ing a burner-nozzle which'closely surrounds the outlet of said fuel-tube, means to lead steam or other fluid into the jacket-space between the jacket and the fuel-tube, forwardly-directed conduits which extend through the material of the flared end of fuel-tube, and communicate between the jacket-space and the interior of the fueltube near its outlet end to lead fluid from the jacket-space into the fuel-tube to mix with the fuel before it leaves-said tube, and other forwardly-directed which are formed in the material of the outer surface of the flared end of the fueltube and are so disposed as to lead streams of steam or other fluid into said burner nozzle whereby it is free to commingle with the fuel-mixture as it issues from the fueltubeoutlet through the said burner-nozzle.
.fluid from the jacket-space into the fueltube to mix with the fuel before it leaves said tube, and other forwardly-directed conduits which are formed in the material of the outer surface of the flared end of the fuel-tube, which are so disposed as to lead streams of steam orother fluidinto the burner nozzle which causes the fluid to converge towards the axis of the fuel-tube whereby it is free to commingle with the fuel mixture as it'issues from the fuel-tube outlet;
5. A burner of the kind described, comconduits prising the combination of a fuel-tube the outlet end of which is outwardly flared, a jacket surrounding said fuel-tube and havmg a burner-nozzle which closely surrounds the outlet of said fueltube, means to lead steam or other fluid into the jacket-space between the jacket and the fuel-tube, forwardly-directed conduits which extend through the material of the flared end of the fuel-tube towards the axis of the fuel-tube and communicate between the jacket-space and the interior of the fuel-tube near its outlet end to lead fluid from the jacketspace into the fuel-tube to mix with the fuel before it leaves said tube, and other forwardly-directed conduits which are formed in the material of the outer surface of the flared end of the fuel-tube, which are inclined to cross the axis of the latter and are so disposed as to lead streams of steam or other fluid into the burner nozzle which causes the fluid discharged thereby to converge towards the axis of the fuel-tube whereby it is free to commingle with the fuel mixture as it issues from the fuel-tube outlet.
6. A burner of the kind described, comprising the combination of a fuel-tube, a flared nozzle secured to the outlet end thereof, a jacket surroundingsaid fuel-tube, a burner-nozzle secured to the jacket and closely surrounding the outlet nozzle of said fuel-tube and formed with a constricted portion beyond the end of said outlet nozzle,
means to lead steam or other fluid into the jacket-space between the jacket and the fuel-tube, forwardly-directed conduits which I extend through the material of the said fueltube nozzle, which converge towards the axis of the fuel-tube and communicate between the acket-space and the interior of the fueltube nozzle near its outlet end to lead fluid from the jacket-space to mix with the fuel before it leaves said nozzle, and other forwardly-directed conduits which are formed in the material of the outer surface of the fuel-tube nozzle, which are inclined to cross the axis of the latter and are so disposed as to lead streams of steam or other fluid into the burner-nozzle which causes the fluid discharged thereby to converge towards the axis of the fuel-tube whereby it is free to commingle with the fuel mixture as it issues from the fuel-tube nozzle.
7. A burner of the kind described, comprising .in combination afuel-tube through which fuel is to be passed in an axial direction, a jacket surrounding said fuel-tube with means to lead steam or other fluid into the jacket-s ace between it and the fueltube, a nozz e for the fuel-tube, a burnernozzle secured to the jacket and closely surrounding the fuel-tube nozzle with its outlet extended beyond the outlet of the fueltube nozzle, forwardly-directed conduits communicating. between the jacket-space and the interior of the fuel-tube nozzle near its outlet, and other forwardly-directed conduits formed by open channels in the material of at least one nozzle and opening in that surface of it which is opposed by the adjacent surface of the other. nozzle, said conduits serving to lead fluid from the jacket-space into the burner nozzle whereby it is free to commingle with the fuel-mixture as it issues from the fuel-tube nozzle.
8. A burner of the kind described, comprising in combination a fuel-tube through which fuel is to be passed in an axial direction, a jacket surrounding said fuel-tube with means to lead steam or other fluid into the jacket-space between it and the fueltube, a nozzle for the fuel-tube, a burnernozzle secured to the jacket and closely surrounding the fuel-tube nozzle with its outlet extended beyond the outlet of the fuel-tube nozzle, forwardly-directed conduits communicating between the jacket-space and the interior of the fuel-tube nozzle near its outlet, and other forwardly-directed conduits formed by open channels in the material of at least one nozzle and opening in that surface of it which is opposed by the adjacent surface of the other nozzle, said conduits serving to lead fluid from the acket-space into the burner nozzle whereby it is free to commingle with the fuel-mixture as it issues from the fuel-tube nozzle and said conduits being inclined across the axis of the latter.
9. A burner of the kind described, comprising in combination a fuel-tube through which fuel is to be passed in an axial direction, a jacket surrounding said fuel-tuhe.
' surface of the other nozzle. said conduits serving to lead fluid from the jacket-space into the burner nozzle whereby it is free to commingle with the fuel-mixture as it issues from the fuel-tube nozzle and said conduits being inclined across the axis of the latter and communicating with means converging towards that axis.
In testimony whereof I afix my signature.
JQHN BLISS.
mil)
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2539314A (en) * 1944-10-28 1951-01-23 Monarch Mfg Works Inc Nozzle
US2812212A (en) * 1951-04-17 1957-11-05 Babcock & Wilcox Co Liquid fuel burner
US3230924A (en) * 1962-12-26 1966-01-25 Sonic Dev Corp Sonic pressure wave generator
US3230923A (en) * 1962-11-21 1966-01-25 Sonic Dev Corp Sonic pressure wave generator
US3232267A (en) * 1963-02-25 1966-02-01 Sonic Dev Corp Sonic pressure wave generator
DE1233082B (en) * 1954-11-26 1967-01-26 Koppers Wistra Ofenbau Gmbh Oil burners, especially for heavy fuel oils
US3937449A (en) * 1974-06-26 1976-02-10 United States Steel Corporation Liquid-fuel atomization and injection device
US4383646A (en) * 1980-11-19 1983-05-17 Smith Fergus S Snow making nozzle
US4915302A (en) * 1988-03-30 1990-04-10 Kraus Robert A Device for making artificial snow
US5005769A (en) * 1988-12-14 1991-04-09 Saint Gobain-Vitrage International Distribution of a pulverulent solid
US5566887A (en) * 1994-08-08 1996-10-22 Wymaster, Jr.; Andy Multi-vent airblast atomizer and fuel injector

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2539314A (en) * 1944-10-28 1951-01-23 Monarch Mfg Works Inc Nozzle
US2812212A (en) * 1951-04-17 1957-11-05 Babcock & Wilcox Co Liquid fuel burner
DE1233082B (en) * 1954-11-26 1967-01-26 Koppers Wistra Ofenbau Gmbh Oil burners, especially for heavy fuel oils
US3230923A (en) * 1962-11-21 1966-01-25 Sonic Dev Corp Sonic pressure wave generator
US3230924A (en) * 1962-12-26 1966-01-25 Sonic Dev Corp Sonic pressure wave generator
US3232267A (en) * 1963-02-25 1966-02-01 Sonic Dev Corp Sonic pressure wave generator
US3937449A (en) * 1974-06-26 1976-02-10 United States Steel Corporation Liquid-fuel atomization and injection device
US4383646A (en) * 1980-11-19 1983-05-17 Smith Fergus S Snow making nozzle
US4915302A (en) * 1988-03-30 1990-04-10 Kraus Robert A Device for making artificial snow
US5005769A (en) * 1988-12-14 1991-04-09 Saint Gobain-Vitrage International Distribution of a pulverulent solid
US5566887A (en) * 1994-08-08 1996-10-22 Wymaster, Jr.; Andy Multi-vent airblast atomizer and fuel injector

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