US1757077A - Building construction - Google Patents

Description

lled Jan. 20, 1927 2 Sheets Sh eet l May 6, 1930. M. ElsERLoH BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 sheets-sheet 2 Filed Jan. 20, 192'? Patented May v6, 1930 UNTED STATES- HATHIAS EISERLOH, I' CLEVELAND, OHIO BUILDING coNsTaUc'rIoN Application nleid January 20, 1927. Serial No. 162,301.

My invention pertains to a building construction and the method of making it and more particularly the method of assembling building units and then associating therewith an induratable material in such a way as to interlock all of the initially distinct elements and obtain an integral mass of predetermined fabricated form.

I mention my familiarity Witlrmuch of the prior art both practiced and patented. The latter is partially evidenced by: Robinson, No. 1,150,967, of August 24,

Gamewell, No. 1,171,036, of February, 1916.

Johnson, No. 1,307 ,779, of `June 24, 1919.

Matthews, No. 1,421,278, of June 27, 1922.

Brainerd, No. 1,428,470, of September 5, 1922.

2 An object of my invention is to provide a strong, light, simple, ireproof, soundproof, insulated, sanitary'and economical structure. I reduce the cost of erection, especiallythe labor cost, by eliminatingthe need of any shoring andother temporary structures, such as molds or forms. Upon a suitable base foundation I erect walls comprising larger wall sections than heretofore generally used 3 and which are preferably hollow tiles of varying hollowed divisional shape to suit conditions. The wall sections are caused tobe stood on end in laterally adjacent arrangement and their juxtaposed edges are formed with recesses, of any desired shape, so that in conjunction with each pair a vertical duct is provided in which reinforcing elements and c later induratable material, such as concrete, may be placed. Such wall sections,'if each extends from floor to fioor and from one beam carrying column to the next, maybe more quickly assembled with fewer laborers and will gravitationally maintain their positions until after the wall has reachedits desired length, when the series of tiles 1n abutting arrangement are to be interlocked. Upon the tops of the walls I then place preformed troughs of molded material which have their 5o with the wall ducts and which have `one or b'oth side walls fashioned with apertures for the insertion of preformed beams, the ends of which project into the troughs preparatory to being appropriately interlocked therewith. 'lhe beamsare supplied along longi- 55 'tudinal sides with ledges so that .floor slabs Y faces of the t-ile elements or entirewall is not to be covered, they may be ornamented in any desired manner and those surfaces of vinitially separate wall elements, with which concrete or plaster is to come in contact, may

be roughened to improve adhesion thereto. Manifestly, my construction should be stronger, will be animal and insect proof and m will require no wood, except at doorA and window jambs or for the flooring, if desired. It will be feasible, with the aid of a crane, to have the wall elements as large as conditions warrant, say, one foot thick by four or more feet wide by nine feet high (1 X 4 X 9') in dimension.

'It is to be realized that the scope of my invention comprehends manyequivalent methods and constructions. The showing of the drawings and the particular description are merely specific exemplifications of a plurality of mechanical embodiments and arrangements.

Adverting to the drawings:

Figure 1 illustrates'a typical horizontal section through a wall composed of sections having abutting edgesinterlocked by reinforced concrete columns. v 90 Figure 2 is a fragmentary plan sectional view showinga modified form of wall elements adapted for inside walls.

vFigure 3`is a fragmentary plan sectional view on somewhat smaller scale through a window or'door jamb. Figure 4 is afragmentary perspective view kof a trough employed at ioor levels. Y bottoms supplied with openings registering Figure 5 is a perspective view of a precast floor beam.

inar Figure Gis an enlarged fragmentary vertical section showing a connection between a beam and a trough covered wall.

Figure 7l is a vertical cross-section on line 7 -7 of Figure 6, to disclose the 'Gravitational association with tlie'bems, of door slabs.

Figure 8 is a perspective view of a floor slab. y v l A Figure 9 is a fragmentary plan view at a floor level showing different stages ofprogressive assembly.

Figure 10 is a perspective view of a series of assembled -walls and overlying troughs before the beams are placed in position and before the concrete is supplied.

Figure 11 is a siinilarperspective view showing some of the concrete poured about positioned beam ends and vwith some of the floor slabs in place.

Figure 12 is perspective view of anima skeleton of a buildin `section as it wou d appear if the Walls an floor were removed.

A series of duplicate wall sections 1, as shown in Figure 1, are fashioned with staggered vertically extending openings 2.' End edges 3 of the tiles abut and middle portions therebetween are recessed at 4. As -illustrated in Figure 1, the opposed recesses 4 together define a duct or well of hexagonal cross-sectional shape, but such shape may be varied, as for instance, to be quadrangular, as indicated by the dotted lines, one of which is designated by the reference character 4. Corner sections 5 are shown Aas L shaped, though their edges are similarly recessed at 4. 1t is to be understood, that the up-ended or erect wall sections 1 are as long as it is desired that thewall shall be high and preferably so thatonly one. section is placed between each pair of beam supporting columns. The wall sections are positioned against each other in a laterally extending row, and the number of tiles in each` horizontally extending row is determined by the desired length of the particularwall. Metal reinforcing elements 6 are positioned in the vertical ducts and ultimately embedded in concrete 7 whereby to unify and interlock adjoining columns of the sections.

In Figure 2 is shown a simplified modification of tiles 8 suitable for interior walls and each including a single row of openings 9 while op osed edges of the laterally abutting tiles confine a smaller space 10. In Figure 3 is illustrated'how the sections 1v are spaced apart at preformed windows anddoor :lambs 11, the remote sides of which define a three sided recess 12 in opposition to the wall section recesses 4; the space defined by the recesses 4 and 12 being subsequently filled with concrete 13.

After any articular wall section has reached its desired length its upper surface is mortar coated and a trough 14 permanently set thereon. The troughs include side walls 15, one or both of which, depending upon whether they are placed on outer or .inner walls respectively, are provided with a series of definitely spaced apertures 16. T he bottoms 17' of the troughs are also provided with openings 18. The apertures 16 and openings 18 are preferably spaced together in pairs at the points on the wall where the vertical ducts are provided between ad-v joining stands of tiles.- Preformed bea-ms 19 are shaped to fit in the apertures 16 and reinforcing elements 20 in the beams projectv therefrom at each end where the extremities lof the elements 20 are bent to form hooks 21.

The beams are also'fashioned on opposite lon'- gitudinal sides with led es 22.

It is to be understoo that'the beams 19 will support flooringand extend across parallel .walls with their end's occupyin a pair of alined apertures 16, as shown in ig-v trated at 24 in Figure 6, thereby eventually providing a greater bearing area for the oor beam. Other reinforcing rods 25, shown in Figures 6 and 11, extend longitudinally in the troughs 14 and are .partially embraced by the hooks 21, as shown in Fi ure 6, for the pur ose of providing an ad itional interlock; luid concrete is then poured into the troughs 14 and into the vertical wall ducts until all become lled, as disclosed in Figure 11, whereby the base 26, wall columns, troughs and beams become a unitary, substantially integral mass after induration and as suggested by the imaginar trated in Figure 12, to inc ude the base 26, the concrete columns 7, .beams 19 and composite filled troughs 27.

The advantage of employin wall sections substantially as high as it is esired to .have the distance between floors of the building and as wide as the distance between floor beam-supporting columns manifestly lies with the great saving in labor cost both by reaIsoili of requiring ,fewer men and less time.

c aim:

1. A buildinfr construction 'comprising the ioned above as a trough, the nearer walls of said troughs lrespectively being provided skeleton, illus each with a pair of apertures, a air of solid precast beams having their en s occupying said apertures respectively with its upper surface flush with the tops of said troughs, said beams being fashioned with opposed relatively depressed flanges, floor slabs resting crosswise of said pair of beams u n the anges thereof and as t have ther upper and concrete occupyin surfaces likewise iush with the upper surfaces of said beams and so as to constitute flooring capable of supporting laborers and concrete lling said troughs and level with thetops of said beams and slabs.

2. In a building construction, the combination of spaced walls, terminous with and atlixed to the to s of said walls respectively, reinforcing r s in said troughs, the side walls of said troughs being fashioned at corresponding cpoints with apertures open above and exten ing downwardly to the upper surfaces of the bottoms of said troughs, precast beams inserted in said apertures with their ends resting upon said trough bottoms and adapted to support a flooring for subsequent operations, the upper part of said beamends being provided with projecting hooks interlocked with said rods, said troughs and imbeddin said rods an hooks.

3. In a uilding construction, upright wall sections having upright edge surfaces shaped to form in conjunction with each other vertical ducts, trou hs disposed across the tops of a plurality o said wall sections and com-` municating with said ducts, said troughs also provided with lateral apertures, precast eams having ends occupying said apertures, a ceiling structure permanently carried by said precast'beams to constitute flooring for n wall sections correspondmgto the intende z the pouring of induratable material, and concrete filling said ducts and troughs whereby the beams and full height of the walls are integrally bound together to serve as an enclosed skeleton framework.

4. In a building construction, u ri ht tiles approximating in height the des1re height of a room and having upright edge surfaces shaped to form in conjunction with each other vertical ducts, troughs disposed across .the tops of a plurality of said tiles and having bottom openings communicating with sai ducts, said troughs also rovided with'lateral apertures located at said ducts,.preformed beams having ends occu ying said apertures and extending over said ucts, a ceiling structure permanently' carried b said precast beams to constitute flooring or the pouring of induratable material, and concrete filling said ducts and trou hs whereby thebeams and full height of t e walls are integrally.

bound together to serve as an enclosed skeleton framework.

5. In combinatiomapair of upstand'in unitary troughs co-L 'concrete for unifying the beams,

respectively, the two nearest side walls and 1 bottoms of said troughs respectively being fashioned at said ducts with apertures and openin s respectively, said apertures bein open a ve and extending to the bottom o said troughs, preformed beams inserted in the apertures with their ends resting upon said trough bottoms bordering said trough bottom holes whereby immediately to supply support for a. ooring and a single mass of troughs and walls with said base.

7 In a building constructio/n, the combination of a base, two rows of upwardly elongated wall sections having bottoms afhxed to said base and each abutting an adjacent section in its own row, the larger vertical dimension of said sections substantially corresponding to the desired height of a wall, the juxtaosed edges of the wall sections of each row eing recessed to form in conjunction with each other a vertical duct, troughs resting on the tops of said rows of sections respectively and having bottom o enings registering with said.ducts respectively and also each having a lateral aperture, sald lateral apertures being alined with a pair of ducts in two parallel walls, reinforcing rods disposed lengthwise in said ducts and troughs, a reinforcing beam having its-opposite ends occupying a pair of alined trough apertures and with a reinforcin element rojecting from its ends and an inclrating l er occupying said ducts and troughs and enclosing the three crossed reinforcing elements in said duct, trough and beam and adapted in cooperation with said MATHIAS EISERLOH.

height of a room, o posed edges of said sections Abeing recesse to form 1n con'unction with each other a vertical duct, anot er air of similar wall sections in a dierentwa a trough structure overboth walls .and provided with openings registering with the said ducts trou h to bind the wall sections and walls toget er.

Vand an indurated vfiller for-.said ducts and lll

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