US2480130A - Low impedance switch circuit - Google Patents

Low impedance switch circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
US2480130A
US2480130A US660108A US66010846A US2480130A US 2480130 A US2480130 A US 2480130A US 660108 A US660108 A US 660108A US 66010846 A US66010846 A US 66010846A US 2480130 A US2480130 A US 2480130A
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Prior art keywords
low impedance
targets
plate
switching
switch circuit
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Expired - Lifetime
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US660108A
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Donald D Grieg
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Federal Telecommunication Laboratories Inc
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Federal Telecommunication Laboratories Inc
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Priority to BE473041D priority Critical patent/BE473041A/xx
Application filed by Federal Telecommunication Laboratories Inc filed Critical Federal Telecommunication Laboratories Inc
Priority to US660108A priority patent/US2480130A/en
Priority to FR949630D priority patent/FR949630A/en
Priority to ES179646A priority patent/ES179646A1/en
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Publication of US2480130A publication Critical patent/US2480130A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/22—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/88—By the use, as active elements, of beam-deflection tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/04—Distributors combined with modulators or demodulators
    • H04J3/045—Distributors with CRT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
    • H04Q3/42—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker
    • H04Q3/52—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker using static devices in switching stages, e.g. electronic switching arrangements
    • H04Q3/525—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker using static devices in switching stages, e.g. electronic switching arrangements using tubes in the switching stages
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0226—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues and grooves next to each other on the end surface

Definitions

  • This invention relates to switching circuits and more particularly to electronic switching systems of the type employing a cathode ray tube.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide control means for low impedance electronic switches which is dependent on the operation of dynodes or secondary emission producing electrodes in a cathode ray tube.
  • I provide a series of switch devices which are controlled by individual thyratrons or gaseous electron discharge tubes.
  • I provide a cathode ray tube, the electron beam of which is made to act successively on a series of secondary emission producing targets or dynodes.
  • the impact of the beam on the targets produces positive pulses in the output circuits thereof which are employed to control the thyr-atrons.
  • the pulses produced in the secondary emission targets cause equal and opposite pulses in a barrier plate of the cathode ray tube, which, after suitable phasing, are applied to the plates of the thyratrons for interruption of the operation thereof.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram in schematic form of a switching circuit of my invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a series of graphs illustrating certain operative conditions of the circuit of Fig. 1.
  • the switching circuit is seen to comprise a cathode ray tube including, in addition to the usual electron gun equipment, a so-called dynode arrangement 2.
  • the dynodes include a barrier or aperture plate 3 which is provided with a series of apertures Behind each aperture in the line of the cathode ray beam, a number of targets 5 have been provided which are capable of secondary emission upon being impinged upon by the cathode ray beam through the apertures 4.
  • the cathode ray beam of the tube l is made to sweep across the apertures 4 at a preselected, desired speed is determined by a suitable sweep circuit 5 energized from an oscillator l.
  • aperture plates and the various targets '5 are suitably biased from a source atj8 over a resistance type voltage divider 9 and individual dropping resist.- ances It.
  • Each of the targets 5, of which four are illustrated are connected over lines H to control grids '52 of respective thyratrcns 13 as illustrated, or other gas-filled low impedance electronic relays.
  • Each of the relays 13 includes in their cathode circuits, a high amplitude current switchin device indicated at 14.
  • the plate circuits it of the relays i3 are connected in pared lel to a biasing source at 16 over a common drop,- ping resistan :e lfl.
  • the plate circuits are also connected over a line' l8 to a delay circuit IQ which is energizedov'er a line Zll'irom the aperture plate 3.
  • the negative pulses simultaneously available on the aperture plate 3 are made use of. This is accomplis ed by applying the negative pulses from the plate 3 as shown in graph e in Fig. 2 after a suitable delay in the delay circuit l9 to the respective plates of the tubes l3, It will be seen that the negative pulses of graph e are coincident with the positive pulses obtainable from the various targets 5. In graph ,1 the negative pulses are shown to have been delayed exactly by the width of the positive pulses so that a negative pulse is applied to the respective plate immediately following the application of a positive pulse to the grids. This has the efiect of interrupting the conductivity of the thyratrons.
  • the delay circuit I9 may suitably comprise any network of conductances and capacities to simulate a transmission line to provide the necessary delay in accordance with graphs e and f.
  • An electronic switching system comprising a switching device, low impedance relay means for controlling the operation of said device, and electron gun means having electrodes energized by the movement of the electron ray of said gun, and connections from said electrodes to said relay whereby said relay is energized from one said electrode and deenergized from the other said electrode.
  • An electronic switching system including a delay circuit device for determining the time interval between said relay energization and deenergization.
  • An electronic switching system comprising at least one switching device, low impedance relay means for controlling the operation of said device, and electron gun means including at least one dynode corresponding to said one relay means for controlling separately the on-and-ofi operation of said relay means.
  • said relay means comprises a gaseous electron discharge device.
  • said dynode includes a secondary emission producing target for the electron ray and an apertured barrier plate, connections whereby said target becomes a source of a positive polarity impulse for initiating the operation of said relay means and connections whereby said plate becomes the source of a negative impulse for interrupting the operating of said relay means following the initiation thereof.
  • said dynode includes a secondary emission producing target for the electron ray and an apertured barrier plate, connections whereby said target becomes a source of a positive polarity impulse for initiating the operation of said relay means and connections whereby said plate becomes the source of a negative impulse for interrupting the operating of said relay means following the initiation thereof, further including delay circuit means in circuit with said barrier for delaying the negative impulse therefrom in respect to the positive pulse from the target.
  • An electronic switching system comprising a plurality of switching devices of the type requiring a comparatively large current for the operation thereof, gaseous electron discharge tubes one for controlling the operation of each of said devices operatively associated therewith having an anode and a grid; an electron gun device including a dynode corresponding to each of said discharge tubes, said dynodes including a barrier plate and targets for said electron gun, said barrier plate being apertured in line with said targets; means connecting said targets to corresponding grids, means connecting said barrier plate to each of said anodes; and delay circuit means in said means connecting said barrier plate and said anodes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)

Description

Aug 3Q, 1949.
D. D. GRIEG LOW IMPEDANCE SWITCH CIRCUIT Filed April 6, 1946 6 b 4 1 a 4 4 4 41 B 1 1 w m w M MW s6 66 9 I 7 (M a v 00 mil/A701? 7 a n n ,6 n n 62 HEEL TIME ATTORNEY l atented Aug. 30, 1 949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Low IMPEDANCE swizron o nom'r Donald D. Grieg, Forest Hills, N. Y., assignor to Federal Telecommunication Laboratories-Inc New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application April 6, 1946, Serial 2N0. 660,108
'7 Claims. 1
This invention relates to switching circuits and more particularly to electronic switching systems of the type employing a cathode ray tube.
When using switching circuits in connection with a plurality of circuits, particularly circuits which handle comparatively large currents, difficulties arise in providing sufiiciently high speed switching from one circuit to another, which, at the same time, permit the use of large currents.
It is an object of the invention to provide a high speed-low impedance switching circuit.
It is another object to provide an electronic switching circuit employing a cathode ray beam for controlling low impedance-high amplitude current switching circuits.
A still further object of the invention is to provide control means for low impedance electronic switches which is dependent on the operation of dynodes or secondary emission producing electrodes in a cathode ray tube.
In accordance with my invention, I provide a series of switch devices which are controlled by individual thyratrons or gaseous electron discharge tubes. For the control of these thyratron-s, I provide a cathode ray tube, the electron beam of which is made to act successively on a series of secondary emission producing targets or dynodes. The impact of the beam on the targets produces positive pulses in the output circuits thereof which are employed to control the thyr-atrons. The pulses produced in the secondary emission targets cause equal and opposite pulses in a barrier plate of the cathode ray tube, which, after suitable phasing, are applied to the plates of the thyratrons for interruption of the operation thereof.
These and other features and objects of the invention will become more apparent and the invention best understood upon consideration of the following detailed description of an embodiment of the invention to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a diagram in schematic form of a switching circuit of my invention; and
Fig. 2 is a series of graphs illustrating certain operative conditions of the circuit of Fig. 1.
Referring to the schematic in Fig. 1, the switching circuit is seen to comprise a cathode ray tube including, in addition to the usual electron gun equipment, a so-called dynode arrangement 2. The dynodes include a barrier or aperture plate 3 which is provided with a series of apertures Behind each aperture in the line of the cathode ray beam, a number of targets 5 have been provided which are capable of secondary emission upon being impinged upon by the cathode ray beam through the apertures 4. The cathode ray beam of the tube l is made to sweep across the apertures 4 at a preselected, desired speed is determined by a suitable sweep circuit 5 energized from an oscillator l. aperture plates and the various targets '5 are suitably biased from a source atj8 over a resistance type voltage divider 9 and individual dropping resist.- ances It. Each of the targets 5, of which four are illustratedare connected over lines H to control grids '52 of respective thyratrcns 13 as illustrated, or other gas-filled low impedance electronic relays. Each of the relays 13 includes in their cathode circuits, a high amplitude current switchin device indicated at 14. The plate circuits it of the relays i3 are connected in pared lel to a biasing source at 16 over a common drop,- ping resistan :e lfl. The plate circuits are also connected over a line' l8 to a delay circuit IQ which is energizedov'er a line Zll'irom the aperture plate 3.
As the electron beam of the cathode ray tube.
1 sweeps past the apertures i in the plate 3 and successively impinges on the targets, 5, secondary emission drawn from the targets to the plate 3 due t'o'the relative biasing conditions renders such targets more positive and the plate some.
what more negative than they were before and between the intervals when the electron beam impinges on the targets. In consequence, positive pulses are set up in the respective output lines H which are connected to the control grids l2 of the thyratrons l3, thus enabling the latter to become conductive and thereby to permit the operation of the respective switching device it. Graphs a, b, c and d in Fig. 2 indicate the char acter of the positive pulses transmitted to the various control grids as a consequence of the passage of the electron ray thereacross. The thyratron tubes I3 characteristically continue to function, that is, remain conductive after cessation of the positive enabling pulses. In order to control the operation of the thyratrons, that is, in this case to interrupt their operation, as the electron beam leaves each target, the negative pulses simultaneously available on the aperture plate 3 are made use of. This is accomplis ed by applying the negative pulses from the plate 3 as shown in graph e in Fig. 2 after a suitable delay in the delay circuit l9 to the respective plates of the tubes l3, It will be seen that the negative pulses of graph e are coincident with the positive pulses obtainable from the various targets 5. In graph ,1 the negative pulses are shown to have been delayed exactly by the width of the positive pulses so that a negative pulse is applied to the respective plate immediately following the application of a positive pulse to the grids. This has the efiect of interrupting the conductivity of the thyratrons. The delay circuit I9 may suitably comprise any network of conductances and capacities to simulate a transmission line to provide the necessary delay in accordance with graphs e and f.
It is thus seen that I have provided a high speed switching apparatus of low impedance able to handle comparatively large currents at a speed determined only by the frequency of the sweep circuit.
While the above is a description of the principles of this invention in connection with specific apparatus, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation of the scope of this invention.
I claim:
1. An electronic switching system, comprising a switching device, low impedance relay means for controlling the operation of said device, and electron gun means having electrodes energized by the movement of the electron ray of said gun, and connections from said electrodes to said relay whereby said relay is energized from one said electrode and deenergized from the other said electrode.
2. An electronic switching system according to claim 1, including a delay circuit device for determining the time interval between said relay energization and deenergization.
3. An electronic switching system, comprising at least one switching device, low impedance relay means for controlling the operation of said device, and electron gun means including at least one dynode corresponding to said one relay means for controlling separately the on-and-ofi operation of said relay means.
4. A system according to claim 3, wherein said relay means comprises a gaseous electron discharge device.
5. A system according to claim 3, wherein said dynode includes a secondary emission producing target for the electron ray and an apertured barrier plate, connections whereby said target becomes a source of a positive polarity impulse for initiating the operation of said relay means and connections whereby said plate becomes the source of a negative impulse for interrupting the operating of said relay means following the initiation thereof.
6. A system according to claim 3, wherein said dynode includes a secondary emission producing target for the electron ray and an apertured barrier plate, connections whereby said target becomes a source of a positive polarity impulse for initiating the operation of said relay means and connections whereby said plate becomes the source of a negative impulse for interrupting the operating of said relay means following the initiation thereof, further including delay circuit means in circuit with said barrier for delaying the negative impulse therefrom in respect to the positive pulse from the target.
7. An electronic switching system, comprising a plurality of switching devices of the type requiring a comparatively large current for the operation thereof, gaseous electron discharge tubes one for controlling the operation of each of said devices operatively associated therewith having an anode and a grid; an electron gun device including a dynode corresponding to each of said discharge tubes, said dynodes including a barrier plate and targets for said electron gun, said barrier plate being apertured in line with said targets; means connecting said targets to corresponding grids, means connecting said barrier plate to each of said anodes; and delay circuit means in said means connecting said barrier plate and said anodes.
' DONALD D. GRIEG.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,097,392 Finch Oct. 26, 1937 2,173,193 Zworykin Sept. 19, 1939 2,185,693 Mertz Jan. 2, 1940 2,212,645 Morton Aug. 27, 1940 2,223,001 Farnsworth Nov. 26, 1940 2,224,677 Hanscom Dec. 10, 1940 2,243,158 Banks Feb. 18, 1941 2,250,527 Gray July 29, 1941 2,250,528 Gray July 29, 1941 2,267,557 Espenschield et a1. Dec. 23, 1941 2,310,883 Thom Feb. 9, 1943 2,311,021 Blumlein Feb. 16, 1943
US660108A 1946-04-06 1946-04-06 Low impedance switch circuit Expired - Lifetime US2480130A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE473041D BE473041A (en) 1946-04-06
US660108A US2480130A (en) 1946-04-06 1946-04-06 Low impedance switch circuit
FR949630D FR949630A (en) 1946-04-06 1947-04-02 Electronic switch assemblies
ES179646A ES179646A1 (en) 1946-04-06 1947-09-08 IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRONIC SWITCHING SYSTEMS

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2560166A (en) * 1949-01-14 1951-07-10 Jr William E Glenn Pulse analyzer
US2588287A (en) * 1949-06-29 1952-03-04 Tesla Nat Corp Impulse metering device
US2683191A (en) * 1948-08-11 1954-07-06 Gen Electric Co Ltd Pulse signaling system
US2686899A (en) * 1950-03-01 1954-08-17 Rca Corp Signal transmission
US2691727A (en) * 1949-11-02 1954-10-12 Int Standard Electric Corp Impulse storing and distributing circuit
US2705741A (en) * 1950-03-16 1955-04-05 Comm Measurements Lab Inc Television control system
US2742394A (en) * 1952-09-23 1956-04-17 L D Le Gear Medicine Co Dr Oil of chenopodium compositions and method of preparing
US2822467A (en) * 1952-06-25 1958-02-04 Nat Union Electric Corp Electronic signal storage and reading systems
US2848647A (en) * 1954-06-23 1958-08-19 Burroughs Corp Multiplexing system
US2883578A (en) * 1954-12-07 1959-04-21 Automatic Telephone & Elect Sequential selection or hunting arrangements
US2892959A (en) * 1954-08-19 1959-06-30 Burroughs Corp Electronic device and circuits
US2919436A (en) * 1956-03-15 1959-12-29 Burroughs Corp Multiplex measuring device

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2097392A (en) * 1935-12-04 1937-10-26 William G H Finch Electronic distributor
US2173193A (en) * 1937-08-18 1939-09-19 Rca Corp High-frequency oscillator
US2185693A (en) * 1938-02-25 1940-01-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Multiplex signaling system
US2212645A (en) * 1937-05-29 1940-08-27 Rca Corp Electron tube
US2223001A (en) * 1939-04-24 1940-11-26 Farnsworth Television & Radio High efficiency amplifier
US2224677A (en) * 1939-03-23 1940-12-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signaling system
US2243158A (en) * 1936-08-31 1941-05-27 Johansson Johan Rikard Apparatus for treating screen plates
US2250528A (en) * 1939-02-11 1941-07-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal translating system and apparatus
US2250527A (en) * 1939-02-11 1941-07-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal translating apparatus
US2267557A (en) * 1940-04-18 1941-12-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Two-way repeating circuit
US2310883A (en) * 1939-07-20 1943-02-09 Thom Kurt Circuit arrangement with secondary emission electron multipliers
US2311021A (en) * 1936-11-06 1943-02-16 Emi Ltd Multiplex receiving system

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2097392A (en) * 1935-12-04 1937-10-26 William G H Finch Electronic distributor
US2243158A (en) * 1936-08-31 1941-05-27 Johansson Johan Rikard Apparatus for treating screen plates
US2311021A (en) * 1936-11-06 1943-02-16 Emi Ltd Multiplex receiving system
US2212645A (en) * 1937-05-29 1940-08-27 Rca Corp Electron tube
US2173193A (en) * 1937-08-18 1939-09-19 Rca Corp High-frequency oscillator
US2185693A (en) * 1938-02-25 1940-01-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Multiplex signaling system
US2250528A (en) * 1939-02-11 1941-07-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal translating system and apparatus
US2250527A (en) * 1939-02-11 1941-07-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal translating apparatus
US2224677A (en) * 1939-03-23 1940-12-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signaling system
US2223001A (en) * 1939-04-24 1940-11-26 Farnsworth Television & Radio High efficiency amplifier
US2310883A (en) * 1939-07-20 1943-02-09 Thom Kurt Circuit arrangement with secondary emission electron multipliers
US2267557A (en) * 1940-04-18 1941-12-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Two-way repeating circuit

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2683191A (en) * 1948-08-11 1954-07-06 Gen Electric Co Ltd Pulse signaling system
US2560166A (en) * 1949-01-14 1951-07-10 Jr William E Glenn Pulse analyzer
US2588287A (en) * 1949-06-29 1952-03-04 Tesla Nat Corp Impulse metering device
US2691727A (en) * 1949-11-02 1954-10-12 Int Standard Electric Corp Impulse storing and distributing circuit
US2686899A (en) * 1950-03-01 1954-08-17 Rca Corp Signal transmission
US2705741A (en) * 1950-03-16 1955-04-05 Comm Measurements Lab Inc Television control system
US2822467A (en) * 1952-06-25 1958-02-04 Nat Union Electric Corp Electronic signal storage and reading systems
US2742394A (en) * 1952-09-23 1956-04-17 L D Le Gear Medicine Co Dr Oil of chenopodium compositions and method of preparing
US2848647A (en) * 1954-06-23 1958-08-19 Burroughs Corp Multiplexing system
US2892959A (en) * 1954-08-19 1959-06-30 Burroughs Corp Electronic device and circuits
US2883578A (en) * 1954-12-07 1959-04-21 Automatic Telephone & Elect Sequential selection or hunting arrangements
US2919436A (en) * 1956-03-15 1959-12-29 Burroughs Corp Multiplex measuring device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE473041A (en)
ES179646A1 (en) 1947-10-16
FR949630A (en) 1949-09-05

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