US2744870A - Lubricating compositions - Google Patents

Lubricating compositions Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2744870A
US2744870A US469035A US46903554A US2744870A US 2744870 A US2744870 A US 2744870A US 469035 A US469035 A US 469035A US 46903554 A US46903554 A US 46903554A US 2744870 A US2744870 A US 2744870A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
oil
water
emulsion
weight
lubricating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US469035A
Inventor
Stillebroer Cornelis
Minne Johan Leonard Van Der
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Development Co
Original Assignee
Shell Development Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Development Co filed Critical Shell Development Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2744870A publication Critical patent/US2744870A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
    • C10M2201/083—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/086—Chromium oxides, acids or salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/18—Natural waxes, e.g. ceresin, ozocerite, bees wax, carnauba; Degras
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/123—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/124—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/142—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings polycarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/144—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/146—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membeered aromatic rings having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/20—Rosin acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/22—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/302—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids derived from the combination of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/082—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/101—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones and phenols, e.g. Also polyoxyalkylene ether derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/10—Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C10M2215/102—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/26—Amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046—Overbased sulfonic acid salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/10—Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/14—Group 7
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
    • C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to water-in-oil emulsions suitable for lubricating engines, particularly low speed diesel engines operating on high sulfur fuels.
  • emulsions are useful as coolants and lubricants in metal working operations and as rust and corrosion inhibitors, their use as engine lubricants is limited. Under engine operating conditions, emulsions generally lack desired lubricity, causing wear and corrosion.
  • a water-in-oil emulsion consisting essentially of from about to about 40% (preferably between 10% and about 30%) of water and from about 95% to about 60% (preferably between about 90% and about 70%) of a lubricating oil, said emulsion also containing, in the aqueous phase of the emulsion, a water-soluble salt of a divalent metal in an amount of at least 0.25 gram mols per liter, based on the aqueous phase, and preferably at least 0.5 gram mols per liter, and even higher, e. g., 2.5 gram mols per liter.
  • the cationic portion of the salt must be a divalent metal such as the alkaline earth metals, including calcium, barium, strontium, magnesium, as well as zinc, cadmium, nickel, lead, copper and iron; the preferred metals are calcium, barium, strontium and magnesium.
  • the anionic portion of the salt is selected from anions of particular classes of inorganic and organic acidic compounds. Generally, these anionic radicals are such that with the above metals (cationic) they form water-soluble salts.
  • the inorganic acidic compounds the preferred ones are the weaker inorganic acids.
  • the organic acidic compounds the preferred ones are: the lower fatty acids, e.
  • formic, acetic and propionic acids substituted lower fatty acids, such as hydroxy-, ketoand amino-acetic, propionic and butyric acids; polycarboxylic acids having not more than 10 carbons in the molecule, such as oxalic, maleic, and succinic acids; as well as aromatic acids.
  • substituted lower fatty acids such as hydroxy-, ketoand amino-acetic, propionic and butyric acids
  • polycarboxylic acids having not more than 10 carbons in the molecule such as oxalic, maleic, and succinic acids
  • aromatic acids such as salicylic acid, mandelic acid, anthranilic acid, phthalic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • salts suitable for use in Water-in-oil emulsion lubricants of this invention includes the zinc, calcium, barium and magnesium nitrites, nitrates, chromates, sulfates, formates, acetates, propionates, aminoacetates, alpha-aminopropionates, glycol- 4 ates, oxalates, succinates, salicylates, phthalates, mandelates, anthranilates, and mixtures thereof.
  • the water-in-oil emulsions are generally prepared by incorporating one or more emulsifiers. Any emulsifier may be used which is suitable for emulsifying an aqueous phase in an oil phase, provided no harmful substances are formed from the emulsifier during the combustion process in the engine. Suitable emulsifiers are esters of polyhydric alcohols, such as the monoesters of glycerol with higher fatty acids, e.
  • alkylene oxide derivatives of such partial esters such as reaction products of sorbitan mono-oleate and alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide; polyvalent metal salts of fatty acids, napthenic acids or organic sulfonic acids or resin acids; such as Ca, Ba, Zn and Al stearate, oleate, naphthenate, petroleum sulfonate and abietate; lanolin, oxidized vegetable oils and lecithin.
  • a combination of two or more emulsifiers may also be used.
  • Especially stable emulsions are obtained by the combined use of a polyvalent metal salt, e.
  • a basic calcium salt of an oil-soluble petroleum-sulfonic acid and a polyvalent metal salt, e. g., a basic calcium salt of an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid substituted by one or more alkyl groups with 12 or more carbon atoms, e. g., hexadecylsalicylic acid.
  • the water-in-oil emulsions may be prepared in a simple way by adding the aqueous salt solution to the oil containing the emulsifier(s), after which the mixture is stirred and preferably further homogenized, e. g., by passing the emulsion through a gear pump.
  • the average size of the particules dispersed in the emulsion can be considerably decreased, particularly to a size of 2 microns or less.
  • the lubricating oil used to form the water-in-oil emulsion of this invention can be any natural or synthetic hydrocarbonaceous oil having lubricating properties.
  • the base may be a hydrocarbon oil of wide viscosity range, e. g., SUS at 100 F. to SUS at 210 F.
  • the hydrocarbon oils may be blended with fixed oils such as castor oil, lard oil and the like, and/or with synthetic lubricants such as polymerized olefins, organic esters of polybasic organic and inorganic acids, e.
  • Viscosity Index Water-in-oil emulsions of this invention are particularmally used in marine installations. Corrosion, Wear and fouling of such engines is aggravated because contaminants such as dirt, water and deterioration products from cheap grades of fuel (high in sulfur content) normally used to operate such equipment, can easily enter the lubrication system.
  • high sulfur fuels as used herein is meant those fuels which contain sulfur, either in the free or combined state, to the extent of from about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight and preferably between 0.5% and 3.5%, calculated as elemental sulfur, though even more sulfur may be present, and include petroleum fuel oil or various distillate and residual oils and the like.
  • A'number of'comparative tests were. carried out in a 20 horsepower diesel two-stroke engine. The engine was run'atta speed of 600'revolutionsaminute.
  • the fuel was a gas oil with a sulfur content of 1% by weight, calculated'as elementalsulfur.
  • the wear occurring with the use of the various water-in-oil emulsions is expressed as a percentage of the wear occurring when the lubrication is effected with the lubricating oil base as such, i. e., the latter wear is arbitrarily put at 100.
  • the motor fuel used was a bunker oil with a sulfur content of 3.2% by weight, calculated as. elemental sulfur. This fuel had a ConradsonCarbon-number of 11%.
  • a water-in-oil emulsion was used, 70% byweight of which consisted of the oil base containing the emulsifier and 30% by weight of an aqueous 25 per cent calcium acetate solution.
  • the oil base was'the same as-that used in Example 1.
  • the emulsifier was a combination of a basic calcium'salt of .an oil-soluble petroleum-'sulfonic acid with a mixture of basic calcium compounds of'salicylic acids substituted by a straightchain alkylgroup having 14-18 carbon atoms.
  • Each of the two components of the mixture of emulsifiers was used, 70% byweight of which consisted of the oil base containing the emulsifier and 30% by weight of an aqueous 25 per cent calcium acetate solution.
  • the oil base was'the same as-that used in Example 1.
  • the emulsifier was a combination of a basic calcium'salt of .an oil-soluble petroleum-'sulfonic acid with a mixture of basic calcium
  • the efiect of the use of the watcr-in-oil emulsion, as compared to the oil base as such in lubricating the cylinder was determined ina manner similar to that of the previous example by'measuringthe loss in weight of the firstpiston ring and that of'the remaining piston rings, while at the same time ther'ouling of the cylinder wall was determined.
  • a test was carried out with the water-in-" oil emulsion and a test with the oil base as such. The duration 'of each test was 17 2'h0urs.
  • a water-in-oil emulsion consisting essentially of from 5% to 40% by weight of water and from 60% to 95% of a mineral lubricating oil, said water phase of the emulsion containing in solution at least 0.25 gram mols per liter of a water-soluble salt of a divalent metal.
  • a lubricating composition for lubrication of internal combustion engines operating with high sulfur hydrocarbon fuels consisting essentially of a water-in-oil emulsion consisting essentially of from 5% to 40% by weight of water and from 60% to 95% of a mineral lubricating oil, said water phase of the emulsion containing in solution from 0.5 to 2.5 gram mols per liter of a water-soluble alkaline earth metal salt.
  • composition of claim 2 wherein the salt is calcium acetate.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

LUBRICATING coMPosiTroNs Cornelis Stillebroer, Delft, and Johan Leonard van der Minne, Amsterdam, Netherlands, assignors to Shell Development Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application November 15, 1954, Serial No. 469,035
Claims priority, application Netherlands November 24, 1953 7 Claims. (Cl. 252-336) This invention relates to water-in-oil emulsions suitable for lubricating engines, particularly low speed diesel engines operating on high sulfur fuels.
Although it is known in the art that emulsions are useful as coolants and lubricants in metal working operations and as rust and corrosion inhibitors, their use as engine lubricants is limited. Under engine operating conditions, emulsions generally lack desired lubricity, causing wear and corrosion.
It has now been discovered that engines can be lubricated safely and efficiently by using a water-in-oil emulsion consisting essentially of from about to about 40% (preferably between 10% and about 30%) of water and from about 95% to about 60% (preferably between about 90% and about 70%) of a lubricating oil, said emulsion also containing, in the aqueous phase of the emulsion, a water-soluble salt of a divalent metal in an amount of at least 0.25 gram mols per liter, based on the aqueous phase, and preferably at least 0.5 gram mols per liter, and even higher, e. g., 2.5 gram mols per liter.
The cationic portion of the salt must be a divalent metal such as the alkaline earth metals, including calcium, barium, strontium, magnesium, as well as zinc, cadmium, nickel, lead, copper and iron; the preferred metals are calcium, barium, strontium and magnesium. The anionic portion of the salt is selected from anions of particular classes of inorganic and organic acidic compounds. Generally, these anionic radicals are such that with the above metals (cationic) they form water-soluble salts. Of the inorganic acidic compounds, the preferred ones are the weaker inorganic acids. Of the organic acidic compounds the preferred ones are: the lower fatty acids, e. g., formic, acetic and propionic acids; substituted lower fatty acids, such as hydroxy-, ketoand amino-acetic, propionic and butyric acids; polycarboxylic acids having not more than 10 carbons in the molecule, such as oxalic, maleic, and succinic acids; as well as aromatic acids. such as salicylic acid, mandelic acid, anthranilic acid, phthalic acid, and mixtures thereof. Specific examples of salts suitable for use in Water-in-oil emulsion lubricants of this invention includes the zinc, calcium, barium and magnesium nitrites, nitrates, chromates, sulfates, formates, acetates, propionates, aminoacetates, alpha-aminopropionates, glycol- 4 ates, oxalates, succinates, salicylates, phthalates, mandelates, anthranilates, and mixtures thereof.
The water-in-oil emulsions are generally prepared by incorporating one or more emulsifiers. Any emulsifier may be used which is suitable for emulsifying an aqueous phase in an oil phase, provided no harmful substances are formed from the emulsifier during the combustion process in the engine. Suitable emulsifiers are esters of polyhydric alcohols, such as the monoesters of glycerol with higher fatty acids, e. g., glycerol mono-oleate, glycerol mono-stea'rate, glycerol mono-ricinoleate, diethylene glycol mono-laurate, diethylene glycol mono-oleate, diethylene glycol mono-stearate and sorbitan mono-oleate; as
well as alkylene oxide derivatives of such partial esters such as reaction products of sorbitan mono-oleate and alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide; polyvalent metal salts of fatty acids, napthenic acids or organic sulfonic acids or resin acids; such as Ca, Ba, Zn and Al stearate, oleate, naphthenate, petroleum sulfonate and abietate; lanolin, oxidized vegetable oils and lecithin. A combination of two or more emulsifiers may also be used. Especially stable emulsions are obtained by the combined use of a polyvalent metal salt, e. g., a basic calcium salt of an oil-soluble petroleum-sulfonic acid, and a polyvalent metal salt, e. g., a basic calcium salt of an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid substituted by one or more alkyl groups with 12 or more carbon atoms, e. g., hexadecylsalicylic acid.
The water-in-oil emulsions may be prepared in a simple way by adding the aqueous salt solution to the oil containing the emulsifier(s), after which the mixture is stirred and preferably further homogenized, e. g., by passing the emulsion through a gear pump. By means of the latter treatment the average size of the particules dispersed in the emulsion can be considerably decreased, particularly to a size of 2 microns or less.
The lubricating oil used to form the water-in-oil emulsion of this invention can be any natural or synthetic hydrocarbonaceous oil having lubricating properties. Thus, the base may be a hydrocarbon oil of wide viscosity range, e. g., SUS at 100 F. to SUS at 210 F. The hydrocarbon oils may be blended with fixed oils such as castor oil, lard oil and the like, and/or with synthetic lubricants such as polymerized olefins, organic esters of polybasic organic and inorganic acids, e. g., di- Z-ethylhexyl sebacate, dioctyl phthalate, trioctyl phosphate; polymeric tetrahydrofuran; polyalkyl silicone polymers, e. g., dimethyl silicone polymer and the like.
Representative mineral lubricating oils which have been utilized in evaluating the utility of the present additives had the following specifications:
I II
Gravity, API-" Pour Point, F Flash, COO, F
Viscosity, SUS at 210 F.
Min. 26.5.
Min. 24.5.
Viscosity Index Water-in-oil emulsions of this invention are particularmally used in marine installations. Corrosion, Wear and fouling of such engines is aggravated because contaminants such as dirt, water and deterioration products from cheap grades of fuel (high in sulfur content) normally used to operate such equipment, can easily enter the lubrication system.
A cheap grade of hydrocarbon fuel containing substantial amounts of naturally occurring sulfur is used in low speed diesel engines because of economy and because it has been observed that sulfur-containing petroleum fuels have enhanced ignition properties. However, these advantages are countered by the corrosive nature of such fuels which results in excessive Wear.
By the expression high sulfur fuels as used herein is meant those fuels which contain sulfur, either in the free or combined state, to the extent of from about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight and preferably between 0.5% and 3.5%, calculated as elemental sulfur, though even more sulfur may be present, and include petroleum fuel oil or various distillate and residual oils and the like.
Various means have been tried to overcome the detrimental effects of high sulfur fuels on engine operations. Thus, the Chandler patent, U. S. 2,673,145 proposes to add to high sulfur fuels various metallic inorganic salts in order to reduce the corrosive effects caused by the presenceofsulfur in the fuel. Although thismethod iseifec tive, it sufiers from certain disadvantages in its practical application. However, it has been found that engine efficiency can beincr eased 5' to'50 times'over theifilhandler method or similar methods by lubricatingengines operatingz on high sulfur fuels with water-in-oil emulsions .of this invention.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples.
A'number of'comparative: tests were. carried out in a 20 horsepower diesel two-stroke engine. The engine was run'atta speed of 600'revolutionsaminute.
'In eachof the tests the fuel was a gas oil with a sulfur content of 1% by weight, calculated'as elementalsulfur. A lubricating oil distillate with a viscosity of 42-centistoke at 60 *C., extracted according to the Edeleanu process, wasused as-the lubricating oil base in-each of the tests. In order to prepare the water-in-oil emulsions, glycerol inono-oleate was added to this lubricating oil as anemulsifier in a quantity of 2% by weight, calculated on the oil, after which an aqueous salt solution was added t'o theoil in a quantity of parts-by weight to 100 parts by weightof the lubricating oil containing the'emulsifier. After the emulsification had been efiected by stirring, the-emulsion 'was passed twice through a gear pump. Thus, by using various salts, diiferent water-in-oil-emulsions were obtained which were used for lubricating the cylindcr'in'the-diesel two-stroke engine referred to.
In 'each test the engine was run for 8 hours, after which it was inspected. Two successive tests with the lubricating oil base and two successive tests with a waterin-oil emulsion were carried out alternately.
The effect .of the various water-in-oil emulsions examined, as compared with the lubricating oil base,'was measured by determining the decrease in weight of the piston rings. This decrease in weight is a measure of the wear. The wear occurring with the use of the various water-in-oil emulsions is expressed as a percentage of the wear occurring when the lubrication is effected with the lubricating oil base as such, i. e., the latter wear is arbitrarily put at 100.
The results of the tests are shown in the following Table I. In this connection it should be further observed that with the use of lead acetate its aqueous solution was mixed with the lubricating oilbase in a quantityof parts by weight (instead of 10 parts by weight, as in the other cases) to 100 parts by weight of the lubricating oil base containing the emulsifier.
Table l gonceitr'ii Type. of saltin the emulsifier Ion 0 5a r so u ion rs sum or i t 3,3 g Fi t R ind meal/1 piston 0! piston ring rings Lead acetate... 0. 56 85 80 Zincacetate 1. 13 80 6O Magnesium acetate. 1. 13 55 60 Barium acetate.. 1. 13 50 Calcium acetate 1. 13 .40 Calcium oi-mate... 1. 13 55 Calcium nitrate. 1. 13 65' 55 Calcium nitrite .1. 13 45 Magnesium sulfate 1.13 55 6O Magnesium chlorid 1. 13 r 90 60 Sodium acetate. .2. 25 ,110 Aluminum acetate 0. 350 300 Aluminum chloride.. 0. 7 .600 500 IBOSPhOIiC acid.
13 rea Acetic acid 1. 13 135 Sulfuric acid 1-13 130 Potassium chroma-to. 1. 13 120 170 Hydrochloricacid. .1. 13 110. 105 Calcium nitrite. 0. 1 120 with the use of water-in-oil emulsions of which the aqueous phase contains no salt, or a-sodium or'potassium critical minimum value poor results areobtained. 'Reference ismade to lines 8 and 20 in Table I.
In another test a two-stroke 350 H. P. marinediesel engine operating at a speed of 250 revolutionsa minute was lubricated with an emulsion of this invention. and the results were as follows:
The motor fuel used was a bunker oil with a sulfur content of 3.2% by weight, calculated as. elemental sulfur. This fuel had a ConradsonCarbon-number of 11%.
As the emulsion, a water-in-oil emulsion was used, 70% byweight of which consisted of the oil base containing the emulsifier and 30% by weight of an aqueous 25 per cent calcium acetate solution. The oil base was'the same as-that used in Example 1. The emulsifier was a combination of a basic calcium'salt of .an oil-soluble petroleum-'sulfonic acid with a mixture of basic calcium compounds of'salicylic acids substituted by a straightchain alkylgroup having 14-18 carbon atoms. Each of the two components of the mixture of emulsifiers .was
used'ina quantity corresponding to 0.05% by weight .of
Ca, calculated on the oil base.
The efiect of the use of the watcr-in-oil emulsion, as compared to the oil base as such in lubricating the cylinder was determined ina manner similar to that of the previous example by'measuringthe loss in weight of the firstpiston ring and that of'the remaining piston rings, while at the same time ther'ouling of the cylinder wall was determined. For this purpose, a test was carried out with the water-in-" oil emulsion and a test with the oil base as such. The duration 'of each test was 17 2'h0urs.
With the use of the emulsion of the aqueous calcium acetate solution in the oil base it was foundthat the loss in weight of the first'piston ring was only 25% of the loss inweight'which occurred in usingthe oil base as such, while the loss in weight of the remaining piston rings. withthe use of the emulsion was only 12% of theloss in. weight occurring withthe use of the oil baseas. such. With the useof the emulsion the wear of the cylinder wall was only 10% of the wear which occurred with-the use of the oil base. In-this case the engine was operatedfor 400 hours.
With the use of the water-in-oil .emulsion there was also only slight fouling-of the cylinder wall. Moreover, the slight deposits .in the cylinder space were brittle in structure, and easily removed whereas with lubricating oil fouling on cylinder wall was .excessiveand .diflieult to remove.
I.During the-test the emulsion was found to remainstable in theilubricator. 1
Similar engine results can be'obtained using water-inoil'emulsionsof this invention as the lubricant for engines, operating on fuels containing from 1% to 3% sulfur in which the aqueous phase of the emulsion contains from- .about 0.5 to about '2.5 gram mols per liter of calcium,
tially of a water-in-oil emulsion consisting essentially of from 5% to 40% by weight of water and from 60% to 95% of a mineral lubricating oil, said water phase of the emulsion containing in solution at least 0.25 gram mols per liter of a water-soluble salt of a divalent metal.
2. A lubricating composition for lubrication of internal combustion engines operating with high sulfur hydrocarbon fuels, said lubricating composition consisting essentially of a water-in-oil emulsion consisting essentially of from 5% to 40% by weight of water and from 60% to 95% of a mineral lubricating oil, said water phase of the emulsion containing in solution from 0.5 to 2.5 gram mols per liter of a water-soluble alkaline earth metal salt.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the salt is calcium acetate.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Lazar Feb. 11, 1941 Brown June 29, 1942

Claims (1)

1. A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION FOR LUBRICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES OPERATING WITH HIGH SULFUR HYDROCARBON FUELS, SAID LUBRICATING COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF FROM 5% TO 40% BY WEIGHT OF WATER AND FROM 60% TO 95% OF A MINERAL LUBRICATING OIL, SAID PHASE OF THE EMULSION CONTAINING IN SOLUTION AT LEAST 0.25 GRAM MOLS PER LITER OF A WATER-SOLUBLE SALT OF A DIVALENT METAL.
US469035A 1953-11-24 1954-11-15 Lubricating compositions Expired - Lifetime US2744870A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL334643X 1953-11-24
NL180554X 1954-05-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2744870A true US2744870A (en) 1956-05-08

Family

ID=26643488

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US469035A Expired - Lifetime US2744870A (en) 1953-11-24 1954-11-15 Lubricating compositions

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2744870A (en)
CH (1) CH334643A (en)
DE (1) DE972052C (en)

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2820007A (en) * 1953-11-24 1958-01-14 Shell Dev Lubricating compositions
US2894910A (en) * 1956-07-23 1959-07-14 Shell Dev Water-in-oil emulsion lubricants
US2907714A (en) * 1957-07-12 1959-10-06 Shell Dev Water-in-oil lubricant and hydraulic fluid
US2927079A (en) * 1954-12-28 1960-03-01 Shell Dev Water-in-oil emulsion lubricants
US2927892A (en) * 1957-08-06 1960-03-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Oil dispersions of calcium acetate hydrates
US2940932A (en) * 1957-10-01 1960-06-14 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricants containing stabilized dispersions of fatty acid salts
US2944021A (en) * 1956-01-25 1960-07-05 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Marine diesel lubricant
US2944022A (en) * 1956-07-09 1960-07-05 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Marine diesel lubricant
US2944023A (en) * 1957-01-15 1960-07-05 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Anticorrosive marine diesel lubricant
US2964475A (en) * 1958-05-26 1960-12-13 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricants containing metal carboxylate and metal phosphate
US2965574A (en) * 1956-07-12 1960-12-20 Texaco Inc Fire resistant hydraulic fluid
US2975132A (en) * 1956-06-18 1961-03-14 California Research Corp Emulsifiable lubricant compositions
US2976243A (en) * 1957-11-01 1961-03-21 Exxon Research Engineering Co Stable calcium acetate-mineral oil dispersion
US2981128A (en) * 1956-04-17 1961-04-25 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Process and lubricant composition for rolling aluminum
US3003957A (en) * 1960-06-23 1961-10-10 Atlantic Refining Co Fire-resistant lubricating emulsion
US3005774A (en) * 1957-07-29 1961-10-24 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricants containing cross-linked polymers as thickening agents
US3019190A (en) * 1959-01-19 1962-01-30 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids
US3030309A (en) * 1957-12-23 1962-04-17 Sun Oil Co Fire resistant hydraulic fluid
US3050465A (en) * 1959-05-04 1962-08-21 Shell Oil Co Water-in-oil emulsion hydraulic fluids
US3080322A (en) * 1961-06-08 1963-03-05 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids
US3088914A (en) * 1960-03-31 1963-05-07 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids
US3089854A (en) * 1957-12-19 1963-05-14 Texaco Inc Oil-in-water emulsion lubricants
US3117929A (en) * 1958-08-08 1964-01-14 Texaco Inc Transparent dispersion lubricants
US3152990A (en) * 1959-07-08 1964-10-13 Sun Oil Co Water-in-oil emulsions
US3213024A (en) * 1962-07-17 1965-10-19 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc High temperature lubricant
US3346494A (en) * 1964-04-29 1967-10-10 Exxon Research Engineering Co Microemulsions in liquid hydrocarbons
US3640856A (en) * 1969-01-27 1972-02-08 Chevron Res Polybutene containing soluble oils
US4009117A (en) * 1975-11-05 1977-02-22 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania Method of making invert water-in-oil emulsion
US4073743A (en) * 1975-04-17 1978-02-14 Merck & Co., Inc. Process for preparing an emulsion
US4129509A (en) * 1975-07-21 1978-12-12 National Research Laboratories Metalworking fluid compositions and methods of stabilizing same
US4182614A (en) * 1977-06-14 1980-01-08 Kao Soap Co., Ltd. Surface active agent for emulsion fuel
FR2497225A1 (en) * 1980-12-23 1982-07-02 Agip Petroli NEUTRALIZING AND LUBRICATING COMPOSITION FOR DIESEL ENGINES
US9677026B1 (en) 2016-04-08 2017-06-13 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant additives and lubricant compositions having improved frictional characteristics
US9701921B1 (en) 2016-04-08 2017-07-11 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant additives and lubricant compositions having improved frictional characteristics

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE545990A (en) * 1955-03-14

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2231168A (en) * 1937-06-11 1941-02-11 Tide Water Associated Oil Comp Steam cylinder oil and process of preparing the same
US2322822A (en) * 1940-08-23 1943-06-29 Atlas Powder Co Oil and water emulsion containing electrolytes

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR781378A (en) * 1933-11-23 1935-05-15 Anti-corrosion lubricant
GB450328A (en) * 1935-02-20 1936-07-15 Hubert Sutton Improvements in and relating to anti-corrosive compositions
DE879274C (en) * 1943-03-22 1953-06-11 Henkel & Cie Gmbh Process for the production of lubricating oil emulsions
BE454957A (en) * 1943-03-22
DE885453C (en) * 1943-11-25 1953-08-06 Carl Schaarwaechter Dr Water-in-oil emulsions
FR985864A (en) * 1948-05-11 1951-07-24 Burmeister & Wain S Maskin & S Process for reducing corrosion in internal combustion engine cylinders and oils used

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2231168A (en) * 1937-06-11 1941-02-11 Tide Water Associated Oil Comp Steam cylinder oil and process of preparing the same
US2322822A (en) * 1940-08-23 1943-06-29 Atlas Powder Co Oil and water emulsion containing electrolytes

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2820007A (en) * 1953-11-24 1958-01-14 Shell Dev Lubricating compositions
US2927079A (en) * 1954-12-28 1960-03-01 Shell Dev Water-in-oil emulsion lubricants
US2944021A (en) * 1956-01-25 1960-07-05 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Marine diesel lubricant
US2981128A (en) * 1956-04-17 1961-04-25 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Process and lubricant composition for rolling aluminum
US2975132A (en) * 1956-06-18 1961-03-14 California Research Corp Emulsifiable lubricant compositions
US2944022A (en) * 1956-07-09 1960-07-05 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Marine diesel lubricant
US2965574A (en) * 1956-07-12 1960-12-20 Texaco Inc Fire resistant hydraulic fluid
US2894910A (en) * 1956-07-23 1959-07-14 Shell Dev Water-in-oil emulsion lubricants
US2944023A (en) * 1957-01-15 1960-07-05 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Anticorrosive marine diesel lubricant
US2907714A (en) * 1957-07-12 1959-10-06 Shell Dev Water-in-oil lubricant and hydraulic fluid
US3005774A (en) * 1957-07-29 1961-10-24 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricants containing cross-linked polymers as thickening agents
US2927892A (en) * 1957-08-06 1960-03-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Oil dispersions of calcium acetate hydrates
US2940932A (en) * 1957-10-01 1960-06-14 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricants containing stabilized dispersions of fatty acid salts
US2976243A (en) * 1957-11-01 1961-03-21 Exxon Research Engineering Co Stable calcium acetate-mineral oil dispersion
US3089854A (en) * 1957-12-19 1963-05-14 Texaco Inc Oil-in-water emulsion lubricants
US3030309A (en) * 1957-12-23 1962-04-17 Sun Oil Co Fire resistant hydraulic fluid
US2964475A (en) * 1958-05-26 1960-12-13 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricants containing metal carboxylate and metal phosphate
US3117929A (en) * 1958-08-08 1964-01-14 Texaco Inc Transparent dispersion lubricants
US3019190A (en) * 1959-01-19 1962-01-30 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids
US3050465A (en) * 1959-05-04 1962-08-21 Shell Oil Co Water-in-oil emulsion hydraulic fluids
US3152990A (en) * 1959-07-08 1964-10-13 Sun Oil Co Water-in-oil emulsions
US3088914A (en) * 1960-03-31 1963-05-07 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids
US3003957A (en) * 1960-06-23 1961-10-10 Atlantic Refining Co Fire-resistant lubricating emulsion
US3080322A (en) * 1961-06-08 1963-03-05 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids
US3213024A (en) * 1962-07-17 1965-10-19 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc High temperature lubricant
US3346494A (en) * 1964-04-29 1967-10-10 Exxon Research Engineering Co Microemulsions in liquid hydrocarbons
US3640856A (en) * 1969-01-27 1972-02-08 Chevron Res Polybutene containing soluble oils
US4073743A (en) * 1975-04-17 1978-02-14 Merck & Co., Inc. Process for preparing an emulsion
US4129509A (en) * 1975-07-21 1978-12-12 National Research Laboratories Metalworking fluid compositions and methods of stabilizing same
US4009117A (en) * 1975-11-05 1977-02-22 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania Method of making invert water-in-oil emulsion
US4182614A (en) * 1977-06-14 1980-01-08 Kao Soap Co., Ltd. Surface active agent for emulsion fuel
FR2497225A1 (en) * 1980-12-23 1982-07-02 Agip Petroli NEUTRALIZING AND LUBRICATING COMPOSITION FOR DIESEL ENGINES
US9677026B1 (en) 2016-04-08 2017-06-13 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant additives and lubricant compositions having improved frictional characteristics
US9701921B1 (en) 2016-04-08 2017-07-11 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant additives and lubricant compositions having improved frictional characteristics

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE972052C (en) 1959-07-23
CH334643A (en) 1958-12-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2744870A (en) Lubricating compositions
US3282835A (en) Carbonated bright stock sulfonates and lubricants containing them
US3180832A (en) Oil compositions containing anti-wear additives
US2680094A (en) Rust preventive oil composition
US3625893A (en) Lubricating compositions having improved oxidation stability and antirust properties
US3280029A (en) Lubricant compositions
US2672444A (en) Rust preventive compositions
GB778651A (en) Metal salts of carboxylic acids and compositions containing them
US2820007A (en) Lubricating compositions
US2709156A (en) Oxidation-inhibited mineral oil compositions
US2693448A (en) Demulsified antirust turbine oil
US2344886A (en) Lubricant composition
US2485341A (en) Rust inhibiting composition
US2362332A (en) Corrosion preventive compositions
US2623887A (en) Rust inhibiting composition
US3000824A (en) Lubricating oil composition
US2394596A (en) Nonfoaming compositions and methods of making same
SE431463B (en) LUBRIC FAT COMPOSITION INCLUDING A LITHIUM COMPLEX AS A THICKNESS, A METAL NAVATOR AND A QUATERED AMMONIUM SALT
US2952636A (en) Associates of inorganic metal compounds with copolymers containing a plurality of hydroxy groups
US2944022A (en) Marine diesel lubricant
US2764551A (en) Ashless detergent additive for lubricating oils
US2976243A (en) Stable calcium acetate-mineral oil dispersion
US2362890A (en) Viscous hydrocarbon oils
US2342027A (en) Inhibited oil
US2927079A (en) Water-in-oil emulsion lubricants