US2760853A

US2760853A - Regenerative cyclic high b. t. u. oil gas process for carbureted water gas set

Info

Publication number: US2760853A
Application number: US261543A
Authority: US
Inventors: George C Pfaff
Original assignee: Koppers Co Inc
Current assignee: Beazer East Inc
Priority date: 1951-12-13
Filing date: 1951-12-13
Publication date: 1956-08-28
Anticipated expiration: 1973-08-28

Description

Aug. 28, 1956 G. C. PFAFF 2,760,853

REGENERATIVE CYCLIC HIGH B. T. u. on. GAS PRocEss FOR CARBURETED WATER GAS SET Filed Dec. 1s, 1951 RBVERS ING VALVE. .10

9 jjj? BY l his

United States Patent Oflice 2,760,853 Patented Aug. 28, 1956 REGENERATIV E CYCLIC HIGH B. T. U. OIL GAS PROCESS FOR CARBURETED WATER GAS SET George C. Pfaff, Baltimore, Md., assigner to Kappers Company, Inc., a corporation of Delaware .Application December 13, 1951, 'Serial No. 261,543

2 Claims. (Cl. 48-212) The present invention is directed to a regenerative cyclic process Vof making high B. t. u. oil gas as a substitute for, and for mixing with, natural gas and more particularly a -gas having substantially the same characteristics as natural gas with respect to B. t. u. value and burning characteristics, from petroleum oil and other hydrocarbons in converted standard carbureted water gas apparatus, or in new apparatus of similar design, so that the plant so converted can be used as stand-by equipment in case of shortage of natural gas under peak load conditions, or in case of an interruption, as by anaccident or otherwise, in the pipe line supplying natural gas for industrial or domestic use.

For this purpose approved commercial practice requires a regenerative cyclic process in which cheap and readily available oils, especially petroleum oils of high Conradson content of carbon, may be used in a standard water gas set in such manner as to maintain relatively low temperatures in the top of the superheater and relatively high temperature in the bottom of the carbureter, converted to an oil gas generator for the purpose, a condition known to be favorable for oil cracking. In addition the steam used must be superheated in the set to provide a superheated steam atmosphere in the cracking phase, a condition-also favorable to cracking.

A further condition of such a process is that the carbureter and superheater be maintained substantially free of deposited carbon to minimize the periodic shut downs of the set to clean it of accumulated carbon, thereby reducing the cost of operation and loss of carbon to the gas making process.

It vhas been found that the standard carbureted water gas set, now rendered idle by the installation of pipe lines for natural gas for serving industrial and domestic consumers, is insucient for superheating the steam and volatilizing and cracking the amount of oil that must be converted to oil gas in each cycle of operation.

To meet these conditions of regeneration and oil vaporizing, standard carbureted'water gas sets have been converted to oil gas generators by substituting a ller for the lower one third of their generator and carbureter chambers leaving the upper two thirds of these chambers unobstructed with checkerbrick work, the unobstructed portions of the chambers serving as radiant heat chambers, which, together with the lower filler of refractory brick, has been found sufficient for vaporizing-and cracking of the oil to the required oil gas without undue formation of free carbon.

However, for such oil vaporizing function more vaporizing space is required than is available in a standard carbureter and so it has been necessary, to 'provide additional equipment for the required vaporizing capacity and regenerative function for maintenance of the low temperatures in the superheater and high temperatures in the generators, and superheat for the steam.

Thus, to convert the standard carbureted water gas set to embody these fundamental principles and vmeet the required approved practice ofthe industry, it has been necessary to convert two carbureted `water gas sets into a single oil gas set in order to provide the required capacity for vaporizationof the oil, superheating of the steam and preheating of the air, to leave cool superheated tops and return vthe heat to the process for high temperatures iu the generators.

With such regenerative cyclic processes, it is necessary to connecty the tops of the carbureters of two closely adjacent sets in order to provide the regenerative cycle using the two superheaters and the two carbureters. On one cycle the air and steam are introduced into one superheater in succession, the air serving to cool that superheater and provide the, source of heat for burning the carbon deposited in the fbase of the superheater and the generator next thereto, whence the blast gasesl are passed into lthe other generator to which burner oil is added to heat up the same for oil gas making, the resultant gases passing out through the other superheater. The following run of steam results in further cooling of the first superheater and superheating` of the steam to provide the superheated steam 'atmosphere in the other generator during the-oil conversion therein and in its superheater. On the next cycle, the air and steam are introduced in the reverse direction, first entering the other superheater and the other generator to cool the former, and burn out deposited carbon in the latter, and superheating the steam, before the blast gases and steam reach the first generator and superheater in which the oil conversion and fixing takes place on that cycle.

Such procedure has the disadvantage that it requires.

two superheaters, and fails 'to make use of the conventional water gas generators ofthe two sets, .requiring intermittent operation ofthe two carbureters for their operation as oil gas Vgenerators and in effect requires the conversion of two sets 'to make one oil gas set.

Alternatively, a single water gas set may be converted according to that regenerative cyclic process by having the water gas generator of a set connected to a superheater of another set if ravailable at some distance, when the plant layout is such that there is not available two sets suiciently closely adjacent each other for conversion to a single set by interconnecting their carbureters. disadvantage of this is that it still requires two sets for conversion to Ia single oil gas seh-and also the long pipe line for connecting the water gas generator with the other superheater` results in a long exposed hot pipe line which also becomes filled with carbon requiring shut downs for cleaning to maintain the ilo-w rates relatively constant therethrough.

Accordingly the present invention provides a regenerative cyclic process embodying all 'the foregoing fundamental principles and which eliminates the aforesaid disadvantages, andpermits the conversion of a single standard carbureted water lgas set into one for the required oil gas making without the necessity for an additional superheater, or the necessity for two carbureters for oil gas generation in alternation, and also permits the simple and economical conversion of two standard water gas sets into thevtwo oil gas sets in each of which the water gas generators are also employed for oil gas generation as well as the carbureters of said sets.

With the regenerative cyclic process of the present invention only the major part by volume of the total oil to be gasied lin each cycle is gasiied in the converted carbureter, the residual minor part being concurrently gasied in the top of the converted water gas generator during countercurrent flow therein 0f the process steam,

the steam and vaporized oil from the converted water` gas generator passing over into the top and down through the converted carbureter along together with the oil gas being made therein. For instance, with the presentproc Theess, 70 per cent of the total make oil is introduced into the converted carbureter and the remaining 30 per cent being introduced into the converted water gas generator. It has been found that While the converted water gas carbureter lacks capacity sucient to gasify completely the total make oil required per cycle to meet the required practice, it is suicient for gasifying the major portion, for instance 70 per cent, and hence the converted water gas generator need only be used to gasify the remaining minor portion of the total oil, say 30 per cent. it has also been found that with the converted v-atcr gas erat'or the tiller brick in the lower third below the radiant heat section is suflicient for superheating all of the process steam concurrently with the vaporization of the 30 per cent of the total make oil in the upper radiant heat section of the converted water gas generator.

Brieiiy stated, the present invention comprises a regeneratve cyclic process in which high B. t. u. oil gas having the same characteristics of natural gas as above defined may be made in a converted standard Water gas set comprising a converted generator A, a converted carbureter generator' B, and a superheater in a simple and economical manner with the addition of a stack-riser connected to the base of the converted generator A. The cycle involves three main steps comprising: first, a forward air blast of air and burner oil directly into the top of the converted carbureter generator B, the products of combustion passing down through the upper radiant heat chamber to the filler of checkerbrick in the lower third of the converted carbureter generator B, thence into the bottom and upwardly through the superheater, with discharge of spent gas from the top of the superheater, until these two elements are heated to the required oil gas conversion temperature; second, a run of make oil and steam, with the steam introduced into the top of the stack-riser, while the major portion of the make oil is admitted to the top of the converted carburetor generator B, and the minor portion of the total oil is admitted to the top of the converted generator A, concurrently with the admission of the process steam, which flows down through the stackriser and up through the converted generator A countercurrent to the flow of the minor portion of the make oil into the radiant heat section of the converted generator A. The steam is superheated in passing through the stackriser and over the iller of checkerbrick in the lower third of the converted generator A and then picks up the oil vaporized in the upper two thirds of the converted generator A, the steam and oil vapor passing over into the top of the converted carbureter generator B where they meet the major portion of make oil admitted therein, whence the combined mixture of superheated steam and oil vapor from the converted generator A and oil admitted to the top of the carbureter pass down through the latter, through its upper radiant heat section and lower filler of checkerbriek. The oil admitted directly to such converted carbureter generator B becomes vaporized in the radiant heat section and the vaporous mixture of superheated steam and oil vapors in passing down through the lower ller are cracked and flow into the bottom and upwardiy through the superheater wherein xing of the o-il vapors becomes completed, and the steam reacts with free carbon in tie converted carbureter generator B and superheater to form CO-}-Hz. From the top of the superheater the made gas passes out through a gas line to the wash box for further processing and use. This step continues until the temperature of the converted carbureter generator B and superheater become too low for further oil gas conversion efficiency. Then follows the third main step of the process.

Third, a reverse air blast is introduced into the top of the superheater whence it flows downwardly to the bottom thereof and out into the bottom of the converted carbureter generator B and upwardly through the same, thus preheating the air in the superheater for burning carbon deposited in the converted carbureter generator B, and

thus cooling the superheater top to the required low teinperature.

The combustion gases of this reverse air blast pass over into the top of the converted generator A Where they meet burner oil and auxiliary air introduced into the top of the converted generator A. The combined products of combustion pass down through the radiant heat section in the upper part of the converted generator A and through the filler in the lower part of the converted generator A until they are heated up sufciently for supera 1 the steam for the process in the next cycle as well for vaporization ot' the minor portion of the total make oil to be introduced therein in the next succeeding cycle of operation.

From this it will be seen that with the succession of cycles, the last, reverse air blast, step of a preceding cycle serves to provide the low temperature condition in the top of the superheater as well as to remove carbon deposited in the previous cycle and in so doing regenerates the heat of the superheater in the previous cycle by returning it to the converted carbureter generator B and converted generator A for the next succeeding cycle. Likewise, the heating up of the converted generator A during the reverse air blast of a preceding cycle provides the heat for superheating the process steam on the next cycle, which heat is regenerated by return to the process during the flow of process steam through the converted generator A during the second step of making Oil gas in the next cycle.

it will thus be noted that the last step of the preceding cycle together with the first step of the next succeeding cycle together function to condition the converted carbureter generator B and converted generator A for oil gas generation on the next succeeding cycle. lt follows then that as a regenerative cyclic process, the last step of the cycle may instead be considered the first step of the cyclic process, the forward air blast step the second step, and the third described step of making oil gas then may be considered, cyclically, as the concluding step of the cyclic process.

The gas from the reverse air blast leaves the bottom of the converted generator A and flows upwardly through the stackriser. For the first part of the reverse air blast period the products of combustion pass from the top of the stack riser through a back run line to the wash box whence the gas is cornmingled with the made oil gas from the superheater, This has the advantage of reducing smoke at the discharge stack valve of the stack riser and also serves as a means of controlling the quality of the finished gas.

During the forward air blast step of heating up of the converted carbureter generator B and superheater, the converted generator A and stack riser are already at their required temperature for vaporization of the minor portion of the total make oil, and for superheating of the process steam, to be used in the next cycle of the process, due to the last step of the preceding cycle of the process. Hence during the rst step of forward air blasting and heating up the converted carbureter generator B and superheater, the converted generator A and stack riser are held idle to operation for gas making or to being heated up. However, air is admitted at a very low rate into the top of the stack riser which air ows through the same and up through the generator while the converted carbureter generator B and superheater are being heated up by the first step of the process. This air is used as sweep air to prevent any accumulation of oil vapors in the stack riser, backrun line, and the converted generator A and its connection to the converted carbureter generator B during the period when the converted carbureter generator B is being heated up with burner oil.

It will be understood, as conventional in this art, that the main steps of the regenerative cyclic process are preceded and followed by purge steps, all as will appear from the following description.

The process employs as burner oil and make oil, gas oil, diesel oil, and furtherA heavier oils, of variousppercentages of Conradson carbon content, from 0.2 up to and including oils of Conradson carbon content higher In addition to the advantages above pointed out, the

cyclic process has the additional advantage of performance comparable to other processes carried out in four 'shell sets of thelsame size with conversioncost's less than if a conventional superheater were added to a standard set, and with corresponding saving in ground and building space, since the stack riser need be no greater in diameter than the diameter ofthe connection between the tops of a carbureter. and agenerator.

The invention has for further objects such other improvements and advantages as' maybe found to obtain in the process Vand apparatus hereinafter described or claimed.

Referring to the drawing, the single figure illustrates diagrammatically a standard carbureted'water gasset converted for practice of the present method for formation of high B. t. u. oil gas as a substitute for natural gas.

As shown, the set comprises a generator 1, a carbureter 2 and a superheater 3 with an angle connection 4 between the top of the generator 1 and the top ofthe Ycarbureter 2, and a bottom connection 5 betweenfthe bottom of the carbureter 2 and the bottom of the superheater 3. Y

The superheater is provided at its top as conventionally with a stack having a stack valve 14 for discharge of waste gases to the atmosphere or waste heat boiler andr a made gas outlet and gas line 9 Yleading to a reversing valve 10, andthe generator 1 is provided at its bottom with a bottom outlet connection'17 and backrun line 18 leading to the reversing valve 10.

The reversing valve discharges through a wash box line into the conventional wash box or seal 19 from lwhich the made gas is taken olf through a gas oiftake to the remainder of the plant equipment for the necessary conditioning and storage of the made gas.

For conversion to oil gas generation, theset is modified as follows in order to practice the method of the present invention. f

The filler of the carbureter 2 has been removed and replaced by piers or arches 27 at the level of its bottom connection 5 on which arches are placeda filler 28- of checkerbrick in spaced relation with each other in the lower third of the carbureter 2, from the level 29 of the top of the bottom connection 5 to a level 30 below the upper two thirds of the carbureter 2, leaving said upper two thirds of the carbureter 2 in the form of an unobstructed radiant heat chamber 31.

The fuel bed and grate of the generator 1 likewise have been removed and replaced with piers or arches 32 and a lower iller 33 in the same manner just described in connection with the converted carbureter generator B so as to leave an unobstructed radiant heat chamber 34 above the lower iiller 33 of checkerbrick.

A stack riser 3S is inserted in the backrun line so as to extend from the bottom connection 17 of the converted generator A to above the top of the converted generator A, and as shown it extends Vas high as the superheater 3 but in diameter is much smaller, being of the diameter of the connection 4 between the top ofthe converted generator A and the top of the converted carbureter generator B. At its top, the stack'riser has `a waste gas outlet to the atmosphere or waste heat boiler providedwith a stack valve 24.

A main air blast inlet line 36 is provided with. four branches, one line 37 leading to the top of the superheater and having a reverse air blast valve rv1`17for the reverse air blaststep of the present process; a second line 38 leading to the top of the stack riser and provided with a forward air blast valve 21 for the forward air blast step of the process; a third line 39 leading to the top of, the converted generator A and provided with a secondaryzblast valve 12 for admitting secondary air to the convertedfgenerator Av during the reverse air blast step of the process; and a fourth line 40, leading tothe top of the converted carbureter" generator B and provided with a secondary air valve- 22 for admitting secondaryairyto theconverted carbureter generator B during the' forwardxairblast step of the'process.

In'addition, heat oil feed pipes 13 and -23 are provided at the tops of the convertedgenerator'A and converted .carbureter generator B vfor supplying burner oil thereto during the reverse air blast and forward air blast steps, and make oil feed pipes v15 and 25 are provided also at the tops of the converted generator A and converted-carbureter generator .B for supplying make oil thereto-'duringthe oil gas making step of the process, and steam pipes are provided for admitting steam for the process to the top of the superheater and to the top ofjthe stackriser, the flow of steam to the former being controlled, by steam valve 16, and the ilow to the latter being controlledl by steam valve 26.

With such modification the set is modified for conversion to constitute the converted `water gas generator A and the converted carbureter generator B respectively as oil gas generators in accordance with the present process.

The generator shells and the stack riser and their angle connections are of course lined with refractory material, such as by brick linings, as conventional, and theV stack riser maybe provided with a ll of loose brick to provide additional heat storing capacity in addition to its bricklining.

As thus modified, the standard set is in condition for embodying the approved'commercialpractice of making high B. t. u. oil gas as a substitute for, or for mixing with,

natural gas ina regenerative cyclic manner when prac- Typical Cycle Sequence Seconds Step No. Description Air Purge -14 is open, 22, 21 open-Air from 21 ows from the top oi the stack riser down through the saine into and up through the generator A and through vits upper connection 4 into generator B. The products of combustion pass, with the air from 22 down through Generator B and up through the superheater 3 and out its stack valve 14 to the atmosphere until heat oil is admitted through 23.r This purges the set of products of heating that remain in the set from the heating up of generator B as a result of the last reverse air blast operation of the previous cycle.

Forward Air Blast Valve 23 opens admitting heat oil to heat oil burner, while the air from 22 and 2l continues to ow. This continues until the proper temperature is attained in the checkers of generator Brand u1 the superheater 3. The air from 21, admitted at a very 10W rate is used as sweep air to prevent any accumulation of oil vapors in the stack riser 35 of back run line 18, generator A, and its connection 4 to generator B while the latter is being heated up. Air from 21 is augmented by the additional air from 22. This additional air is used for supplying the necessary combustion air for the heat oil admitted through 23. The products of combustion of the Description Typical Step No. Cycle Sequence Seconds 173 18 or 1 180 or 0 Forward Air Blast-Continued heat oil from 23 and the air from 22 and 21 pass down through the generator B heating it and its checkers up, then up through the superheater 3 hlleatng it and its checkers up,.and out through 1 Valve 23 closes. 22, 21 close.

Steam Purge Oil

Gus Make Rim

5, 25, open admitting make oil to the two make oil sprays. In Generator A the make oil is admitted in counter iiow to the process steam highly super-heated by thc checkers in the base of the Generator- A. The mixture of vaporizcd make oil and process steam iiows through the angle connection 4 into the top of Generator B. This mixture plus make oil from 25 passes down through the- Checkers in Generator B where the oil is cracked. The cracking continues in the lower section of the superheater 3. The gas passes up through the superheater and into the Washbox. Gas from the Washbox 19 is processed through the remainder of the plant equipment for necessary conditioning and storage. 15 closes.

Steam Purge 25 closes. At this time the process-steam rate through 26 increases in order to rapidly purge the set of the residual oil vapors left by the make oil.

Reversing valve 10 swings to close superheaterwashbox connection and open the stack riserwashbox connection. At the same time 26 closes and 16 opens admitting steam at a high rate into the top of the superheater. This purge steam sweeps thc remaining oil vapors through the superheater, Generator B, Generator A, Backrun line and

Stack Riser

18, 35 and into thc washbox 19.

Reverse Air Blast 12, li-open-When these valves open, the purge,r

steam is shut off through 16. The reversed air blast from 11 passes down through the superheater and up through Generator B. This air burns the carbon deposited by the previous make oil period on the checkers and linings. This air not only cleans the checkers of carbon but also reduces the temperature at the top of thc superhoater which is desirable for good control and performance ior oil gas sets. The hot gases from this burning give' up some of their heat to the checkers in Generator A. This regenerative action improves the heat balance of the set. The additional airis added through 12 for the combustion of heat oil admitted through 13 in order to further heat Generator A (Opened step 11).

13 opens admitting heat oil to Generator A. The combined products of combustion from the

Reversed Air Blast

11 and 12, 13 pass down through thc checkers in Generator A through the backrun line connection 17 and stack riser 35 and into the Washbox 19. This continues for the rst part of the reversed heating period. This has the advantage of reducing smoke at 24 and acts as a means of controlling the quality of the iimshed gas.

24 opens and reversed heating continues with products of combustion being discharged to atmosphere. 13 closes. 12, 11 close.

Steam Purge 24 closes. At the same time 16 opens admitting process steam into the top o the superheater. This steam purges air and products of combustion from the superhcater, Generator B, Generator A, Backrun line connection 17 and Stack Riser 35 into the Washbox 19.

Reversing valve 10 swings to close stack riser- Washbox connection and open the superheater-washbox connection. Steam is off through 16 and on through 26.

14 opens.

22, 21, open.

Repeat steps (1)-(18) every three minutes.

Cracking temperatures will vary `depending on the type of oil used. f

. l In operation The following average temperatures should bc maintained:

"F. Top of supcrheater 1350 Bottom of generator B 1600 Bottom of generator A 1350 Top of stack riser The blast rate should approximate:

On the forward air blast, 500 C. F. M. of air at the top of Vthe stack riser and 14,000 C. E. M. of air at the top of the generator B, with an oil rate of 7 gals. per minute of burner oilat the top of the generator B.

On theireversc air blast, 16,000 C. F. M. of air at the top of the super-heater and 8000 C. F. M. at the top of the generator A with an oil rate'of 4 gals. perminute of burner oil at `the top of the gencratorA.

On the make run The steam rate :should approximate 100 pounds per minute at the top of the stack riser with an oil rate of 80 gals. per minute of make `oil at the top of the generator A and gals per minute at the top of the generator B. v

Purges At the end of the forward air blast, purge steam from Z6 is admitted at the same rate as the steam for the next following make run.

At the end of the make run, purge steam is increased at the top of the stack riser to increase the rate to pounds per minute in order to rapidly purge the set of residual oil vapors left in the set by the make oil, and then purge steam sho-uid be introduced into the top of the supcrheater at a high rate such as 175 pounds per minute for reverse ow clear through to the stack riser and cut the backrun lino.

At the end of the reverse air blast, purge steam is admitted into the top of the superheater at rate such as 175 pounds per minute, to purge the set rcversely to the backrun line and the wash box. Y

. An analysis of a typical product gas produced by the present process is as follows:

Heating value, approx. 1000 B. t. u. Speclc gravity, approx. 0.83.

It is of course to be understood that in practicing the novel 'steps of the proces-s, the rates of flow of steam, oil, and air, and the temperatures to be maintained are subject to variation depending on the composition of the oil and skill and purpose sought by the operators of thc set.

The. invention as hereinabove set forth is embodied in a particular form and manner but may be variously embodied within the scope of the claims hereinafter made.

I claim:

1. A regenerative cyclic process for making high B. t. u. oil gas as a substitute for, and for mixing with, natural gas having substantially the same characteristics as natural gas'wiih respect to lB. t. u. value and burning charactcristics, in a converted siandardcarbureted Water gas set'comprising a converted generator and a converted carburetor generator each having checkerbrick therein confined tvo the lower third thereof and each devoid of checkcrbrick in the upper two thirds thereof to provide an elongated unobstructed radiant heat chamber, a superheater, a connection between the top of the converted generator and the top of the converted carbureter generator, a bottom connection between the bottom of the converted carbureter generator and the bottom of the superheater, a make gas outlet from the top of the superheater, and a stack riser having a make gas outlet at its top and connected at it-s bottom to the bottom outlet from the converted generator, said process comprising: first, making a reverse air blast through the set from the top 0f the superheater downwardly through the same and upwardly through the converted carbureter generator, to burn ot from the checker and lining in the same carbon deposited thereon from the make oil of a previous cycle, and passing the hot gases from the top of the converted carburetor into the top of the converted generator and downwardly therethrough, while concurrently admitting downflow burner oil and burner air to the top of the converted generator during downow of the hot reverse air blast gases through the converted generator, and finally passing the combined burner gases upwardly through the stack riser and ont of the set at the top thereof, to heat the converted generator to cracking temperature for make oil of the next cycle and to elevate the temperature of the stack riser for superheating the steam for such next make oil cycle; then making a partial forwa-rd air blast to beat the converted carbureter generator and the superheater to the proper temperature for oil gas making and xing by downblasting the converted carbureter generator from above with the air admitted directly thereto while admitting heat oil directly thereto and passing the products of combustion downwardly through the converted carbureter generator and upwardly through the superheater and out to the atmosphere, while holding the converted generator and stack riser idle to consumption of heat for heating up and idle to operation for oil gas making, to retain the converted generator at the temperature it was raised to by the reverse air blast for superheating the proces-s steam and conversion to vapor of make oil subsequently to be passed therein; thereafter making the make run by owing process steam forwardly through the set from the top of the stack riser to the make gas outlet from the top of the superheater while simultaneously admitting both the major portion of the total make oil for the make run of the cycle to the top of the converted carbureter generator and the residual minor portion of the total oil for the make of the cycle to the top of the converted generator during the forward flow of process steam, thu-s producing all oil gas of the aforesaid type for each cycle in a steam atmosphere in one and the same single standard carbureted water gas set.

2. A process as claimed in claim 1, and which includes the step of admitting sweep air into the top of the stack riser at a very low rate limited in amount to merely prevent accumulation of oil vapors in the stack riser back run line and 'in the converted generator while the stack riser and converted generator are being held idle as aforesaid during the aforesaid partial forward air blast step.

References Cited in the le of this patent UN'ITED STATES PATENTS 2,086,340 Steinwedell July 6, 1937 2,131,696 Brandegee et al. Sept. 27, 1938 2,336,311 Steinwedell Dec. 7, 1943 OTHER REFERENCES Advertisement of Semet-Solvay, American Gas Journal, vol. 171, No. 5, November 1949, page 1.

Claims

1. A REGENERATIVE CYCLE PROCESS FOR MAKING HIGH B. U. T. OIL GAS AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR, AND FOR MIXING WITH, NATURAL GAS HAVING SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME CHARACTERISTICS AS NATURAL GAS WITH RESPECT TO B. T. U. VALUE AND BURNING CHARACTERISTICS, IN A CONVERTED STANDARD CARBURETED WATER GAS SET COMPRISING A CONVERTED GENERATOR AND A CONVERTED CARBURETER GENERATOR EACH HAVING CHECKERBRICK THEREIN CONFINED TO THE LOWER THIRD THEREOF AND EACH DEVOID OF CHECKERBRICK IN THE UPPER TWO THIRDS THEREOF TO PROVIDE AN ELONGATED UNOBSTRUCTED RADIANT HEAT CHAMBER, A SUPERHEATER, A CONNECTION BETWEEN THE TOP OF THE CONVERTED GENERATOR AND THE TOP OF THE CONVERTED CARBURETER GENERATOR, A BOTTOM CONNECTION BETWEEN THE BOTTOM OF THE CONVERTED CARBURETER GENERATOR AND THE BOTTOM OF THE SUPERHEATER, A MAKE GAS OUTLET FROM THE TOP OF THE SUPERHEATER, AND A STACK RISER HAVING A MAKE GAS OUTLET AT ITS TOP AND CONNECTED AT ITS BOTTOM TO THE BOTTOM OUTLET FROM THE CONVERTED GENERATOR, SAID PROCESS COMPRISING: FIRST, MAKING A REVERSE AIR BLAST THROUGH THE SET FROM THE TOP OF THE SUPERHEATER DOWNWARDLY THROUGH THE SAME AND UPWARDLY THROUGH THE CONVERTED CARBURETER GENERATOR, TO BURN OFF FROM THE CHECKER AND LINING IN THE SAME CARBON DEPOSITED THEREON FROM THE MAKE OIL OF A PREVIOUS CYCLE, AND PASSING THE HOT GASES FROM THE TOP OF THE CONVERTED CARBURETER INTO THE TOP OF THE CONVERTED GENERATOR AND DOWNWARDLY THERETHROUGH, WHILE CONCURRENTLY ADMITTING DOWNFLOW BURNER OIL AND BURNER AIR TO THE TOP OF THE CONVERTED GENERATOR DURING DOWNFLOW OF THE HOT REVERSE AIR BLAST GASES THROUGH THE CONVERTED GENERATOR, AND FINALLY PASSING THE COMBINED BURNER GASES UPWARDLY THROUGH THE STACK RISER AND OUT OF THE SET AT THE TOP THEREOF TO HEAT THE CONVERTED GENERATOR TO CRACKING TEMPERATURE FOR MAKE OIL OF THE NEXT CYCLE AND TO ELEVATE THE TEMPERATURE OF THE STACK RISER FOR SUPERHEATING THE STEAM FOR SUCH NEXT MAKE OIL CYCLE; THEN MAKING A PARTIAL FORWARD AIR BLAST TO BEAT THE CONVERTED CARBURETER GENERATOR AND THE SUPERHEATER TO THE PROPER TEMPERATURE FOR OIL GAS MAKING AND FIXING BY DOWNBLASTING THE CONVERTED CARBURETER GENERTOR FROM ABOVE WITH THE AIR ADMITTED DIRECTLY THERETO WHILE ADMITTING HEAT OIL DIRECTLY THERETO AND PASSING THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION DOWNWARDLY THROUGH THE CONVERTED CARBURETER GENERATOR AND UPWARDLY THROUGH THE SUPERHEATER AND OUT OF THE ATMOSPHERE, WHILE HOLDING THE CONVERTED GENERATOR AND STACK RISER IDLE TO COMSUMPTION OF HEAT FOR HEATING UP AND IDLE TO OPERATION FOR OIL GAS MAKING, TO RETAIN THE CONVERTED GENERATOR AT THE TEMPERATURE IT WAS RAISED TO BY THE REVERSE AIR BLAST FOR SUPERHEATING THE PROCESS STEAM AND CONVERSION TO VAPOR OF MAKE OIL SUBSEQUENTLY TO BE PASSED THEREIN; THEREAFTER MAKING THE MAKE RUN BY FLOWING PROCESS STEAM FORWARDLY THROUGH THE SET FROM THE TOP OF THE STACK RISER TO THE MAKE GAS OUTLET FROM THE TOP OF THE SUPERHEATER WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY ADMITTING BOTH THE MAJOR PORTION OF THE TOTAL MAKE OIL FOR THE MAKE RUN OF THE CYCLE TO THE TOP OF THE CONVERTED CARBURETER GENERATOR AND THE RESIDUAL MINOR PORTION OF THE TOTAL OIL FOR THE MAKE OF THE CYCLE TO THE TOP OF THE CONVERTED GENERATOR DURING THE FORWARD FLOW OF PROCESS STEAM, THUS PRODUCING ALL OIL GAS OF THE AFORESAID TYPE FOR EACH CYCLE IN A STEAM ATMOSPHERE IN ONE AND THE SAME SINGLE STANDARD CARBURETED WATER GAS SET.