US3346497A - Greases containing amidourea thickeners - Google Patents
Greases containing amidourea thickeners Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3346497A US3346497A US444803A US44480365A US3346497A US 3346497 A US3346497 A US 3346497A US 444803 A US444803 A US 444803A US 44480365 A US44480365 A US 44480365A US 3346497 A US3346497 A US 3346497A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- grease
- oil
- acid
- carbon atoms
- greases
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 36
- -1 aryl ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 13
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- RZXMPPFPUUCRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-toluidine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 RZXMPPFPUUCRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-N-phenylamine Natural products CNC1=CC=CC=C1 AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- AOZDHFFNBZAHJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-hexanoyloxy-2,2-bis(hexanoyloxymethyl)propyl] hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCC)(COC(=O)CCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCC AOZDHFFNBZAHJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJSNTQXNQNSZJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-nonanoyloxypropoxy)propyl nonanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)OCC(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC FJSNTQXNQNSZJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000743 hydrocarbylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1.O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1 QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-OLQVQODUSA-N (3as,7ar)-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]21 MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940114072 12-hydroxystearic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOBYKYZJUGYBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 UOBYKYZJUGYBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-PPJXEINESA-N 2-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-PPJXEINESA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUCFNMOPTGEHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-2h-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2C(Br)=NNC2=C1 NUCFNMOPTGEHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dodecyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- UUNBFTCKFYBASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCC UUNBFTCKFYBASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021353 Lignoceric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CQXMAMUUWHYSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lignoceric acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CQXMAMUUWHYSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N R-2-phenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WREBNDYJJMUWAO-LWYYNNOASA-N [(1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthren-1-yl]methanamine Chemical compound NC[C@]1(C)CCC[C@]2(C)[C@@H](CCC(C(C)C)=C3)C3=CC[C@H]21 WREBNDYJJMUWAO-LWYYNNOASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000032 aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XWVQUJDBOICHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl nonanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC XWVQUJDBOICHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- FARYTWBWLZAXNK-WAYWQWQTSA-N ethyl (z)-3-(methylamino)but-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C(\C)NC FARYTWBWLZAXNK-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002510 mandelic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl isocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolylenediamine group Chemical group CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)N)N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M115/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof
- C10M115/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/024—Propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/026—Butene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
- C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/10—Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C10M2215/102—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
- C10M2215/226—Morpholines
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/045—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydroxyl bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/046—Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-oxygen-carbon bonds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/047—Siloxanes with specific structure containing alkylene oxide groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/048—Siloxanes with specific structure containing carboxyl groups
Definitions
- High temperature greases comprising a lubricating oil base and as a thickener therefor, an amide or imido substituted polyurea of from 1 to 3 hydrocarbyl urea groups.
- This patent application relates to grease compositions and thickening agents therefor, which compositions are characterized by their extreme high temperature stability and outstanding penetration characteristics. More particularly, the application relates to greases thickened with novel carboxylic acid-ureido derivatives which may be characterized as amides and imides of alkyl and aryl ureas.
- the thickening agents of this invention comprise materials which may be represented by the formula:
- R is a hydrocarbylene radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- n is a cardinal number 1 to 3
- X is a radical selected from the group consisting of (a) RC NH in which R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals of 10 to 30 carbon atoms and aryl radicals of 6 to 16 carbon atoms, and (b) o (o) ('i R ⁇ N (p) 20 in which R is as previously defined and R' is hydrocarbylene of l to 30 carbon atoms, and (b) in which bonds 0 and p, R" and R' are as previously defined, and (c) hydrocarbyl radicals of 1 to 30 carbon 40 atoms.
- a preferred species of the invention is a grease thickened by a diamidodiurea derived from two molecules of stearic acid, two molecules of tolylene diisocyanate and one molecule of p-phenylene diamine.
- the additives of this invention may be described as amides and imides of mono-, diand triureas. These materials are formed by reacting in certain proportions suitable carboxylic acids or internal carboxylic anhydrides, diisocyanates and amines or diamines. The following reactions illustrate the formation of the various amidoureas of this invention.
- Monoamidomonoureas are prepared by reacting one molecule of a diisocyanate with one molecule each of a carboxylic acid and a monoamine. correspondingly,
- monoimidomonoureas are formed by reacting one molecule of a cyclic anhydride, one molecule each of a diamine and a monoisocyanate.
- the following equations using a monoamido compound as an example illustrate these reactions:
- Suitable carboxylic acids from which R is derived include aliphatic carboxylic acids of from about 11 to 31 carbon atoms and aromatic carboxylic acids of from 7 to 17 carbon atoms.
- suitable acids include aliphatic acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, margaric, stearic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric acid, etc.; and aromatic acids, such as benzoic acid, l-naphthoic acid, 2-naphthoic acid, phenylacetic acid, hydrocinnarnic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, etc.
- Suitable anhydrides which may be employed are those derived from dibasic acids which form a cyclic anhydride structure, for example, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, etc.
- Substituted anhydrides such as alkenyl succinic anhydrides of up to 30 carbon atoms are further examples of suitable materials.
- diisocyanates from which R is derived, include 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 3,3'-bi-tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane- 4,4'-diisocyanate, etc.
- Suitable monoisocyanates and monoamines for the production of monoamidoand monoimidomonoureas include phenyl isocyanate and tolyl isocyanate, and are preferably derived from aliphatic radicals of 2 to 30 carbon atoms or aromatic radicals of 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
- the diamines are preferably aliphatic diamines of 2 to 30 carbon atoms or aromatic diamines of 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
- suitable diamines are ethylene diamine, propylene diamine, butylene diamine, phenylene diamine, tolylene diamine, etc.
- diamidodiureas two molecules of the acid, two molecules of the diisocyanate and one molecule of a diamine are reacted according to the following equation:
- the acids, anhydrides, diisocyanates, monoamines and diamines are the same as employed in producing the monourea materials. Since the anhydride will not react directly with the isocyanate, diimidodiureas are produced by reacting two molecules of the anhydride with two molecules of the diamine and one molecule of the diisocyanate.
- the monoamidotriureas are formed by the reaction of one molecule of the carboxylic acid, two molecules of the diisocyanate, and one molecule each of the diamine and monoamine according to the following reaction:
- the imidotriureas are likewise formed by reacting one molecule of the anhydride, two molecules of the diamine, and one molecule each of the diisocyanate and the monoamine.
- the thickeners may be easily prepared in situ, i.e., in the lubricant base, or may be prepared separately and then added to the base.
- the materials may be prepared by blending the several reactants together in a reaction vessel and heating them at temperatures ranging from 70 F. to about 600 F. for a time suflicient to cause formation of the desired thickener.
- a diamidodiurea two moles of carboxylic acid, two moles of diisocyanate and one mole of a diamine may be blended together to form a uniform mixture, then heated at temperatures within the range prescribed.
- the diisocyanate reacts with amines at a more rapid rate than with acids, a higher yield of the diamidodiurea may be obtained if the reaction is carried forth in separate steps. For example, it is preferable to react the diisocyanate first with the acid and then add the amine material. correspondingly, in the case of diamidoand imidoureas, it is also preferable to conduct the aciddiisocyanate or anhydride-diamine reaction first. In either case, the reaction may be carried out simply by mixing the reactants together as described, or a basic catalyst may be employed to hasten the reaction. Typical bases which may be employed as catalysts are electron-rich nitrogen bases, such as triethylamine and triethylene diamine.
- Example I Preparali0n of diimidodiurea grease in single-step reaction the synthetic oil and having the following properties:
- Example III -Preparati0n of monoamidourea and mixture of synthetic and mineral oil 300 g. of an oil blend comprising 50% of a pa-raffinic base oil having a viscosity of 150 SSU at 100 F. and 50% of dipropylene glycol dipelargonate and 102.2 g. (0.36 mole) of stearic acid were placed in a large flask equipped with heating jacket and stirring device. The mixture was stirred and heated to 150 F. for thirty minutes. All the material dissolved. 5.0 g. of triethylamine was added, and the mixture was stirred an additional five minutes. 62.6 g.
- the grease which contained 22.9% thickener, had a dropping point (DP) of 453 F., a P of 229 and a P of 250.
- DP dropping point
- Example IV.Preparati0n of monoamidatriurea grease 17.0 g. (0.15 mole) of m-phenylene diamine and 16.0 g. (0.15 mole) of p-toluidine were mixed with 200 g. of a blend of 40% of a mineral lubricating oil having a viscosity of 480 SSU at 100, 45% of pentaerythritol tetracaproate and 15% of dioctyl azelate. The mixture was placed on a hotplate and stirred to effect solution. 42.6 g. (0.15 mole) of stearic acid and 300 g. of the oil base were placed in a metal breaker and heated to 160 F. with stirring. 52.2 g.
- Greases containing carboxylic-urea derivatives were prepared according to the procedures enumerated above,
- 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (8) 20 isomeric mixture of 2,4,2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (9) 3,3'-bi-tolylene diisocyanate (10) Diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate
- the dimaines employed are as follows: (11) m-Phenylene diamine (12) Ethylene diamine (13) p-Phenylene diamine
- the monoamines which were employed are as follows: (14) p-Toluidine (15) Tall oil fatty amines (l6) Rosin amine
- the materials in the following table were prepared by the methods set forth previously and illustrated in the preceding examples. The materials were each inhibited with about 0.5% of phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine.
- greases which are prepared from mineral oils, synthetics, and mixtures of mineral and synthetic oils when thickened by the diamido, diimido, monoimido, urea, etc., of this invention display high dropping points and excellent unworked (P and worked (P penetrations. Of special significance are the relatively small differences between the worked and unworked penetrations. Additionally, the work breakdown penetration (P of selected samples showsexcellent resistance to shear for these greases. Note that the grease of Example 'I which employed 12-hydroxystearic acid as the amide-forming unit was, however, fluid at room temperature.
- Example 18 in which thickener employed was prepared from a mixed abietyl amine had an ASTM dropping point of less than 300 F. and was essentially fluid in the penetration test. Thus, amines of this type are not suitable for the preparation of grease thickeners.
- the thickeners employed in this test are as follows: X designates monoamidourea derived from stearic acid, 2,4- tolylene diisocyanate and p-toluidine. Y design-ates monoamidourea derived from stearric acid, diphenylmethane-4,4- diisocyanate and p-toluidine. Each sample contained 0.4% phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and 2.0% dioctyldiphenylamine as corrosion and oxidation inhibitors.
- the oils employed in the tests are the same as referred to in Table I. Table II embodies the results of these tests:
- the mineral oil base grease had a bearing life of 172 and 130 hours respectively. This performance under 350 F. temperature is remarkable for a mineral oil. One hundred and fifty hours performance at 350 F. is equivalent to between 2,000 and 3,000 hours at 250. The Bearing Life of the synthetic oil-based grease was also very good.
- Lubricating oils which can be used as base oils for the greases of this invention include a wide variety of oils, for example, naphthenic base, paraffin base, and mixedbased mineral lubricating oils; synthetic oils, such as polymers of propylene, butylene, etc.; propylene oxide polymers; dicarboxylic acid esters, such as those which are prepared by esterifying azelaic acid with Z-ethylhexyl alcohol; and silicon esters, such as tetraethyl silicate, hexa(4-methyl-2-pentoxy)-disiloxa11e, etc. Also, mixtures of synthetic and mineral lubricating oils may be employed.
- the thickeners described in this specification are employed in amounts sufficient to thicken the oils to the consistency of grease, that is, in amounts ranging from 5 to 50% by weight, or preferably in amounts from to 30% by weight.
- a grease composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and, in an amount sufficient to thicken said oil to the consistency of a grease, a carboxylic-ureido derivative of the formula:
- R is a hydrocarbylene radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- n is a cardinal number 1 to 3
- X is a radical selected from the group consisting of R( 3-NH in which R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals of 10 to 30 carbon atoms and aryl radicals f 6 to 16 carbon atoms, and
- R is as previously defined and R" is hydrocarbylene of 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- R" and R and the bonds (0) and (p) are as previously defined, and (c) hydrocarbyl radicals of 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- composition of claim 1 in which R is an arylene radical of 6 to 16 carbon atoms, 21 is 2, X is (a) in which R is an alkyl group of 10 to 30 carbon atoms and Y is (a) in which R is an alkyl radical of 10 to 30 carbon atoms and R is an arylene radical of 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
- composition of claim 3 in which R and R are 3,3'-bitolylene and R is the alkyl radical from stearic acid.
- composition of claim 1 in which n is 1 and Y is an alkyl radical of 10 to 30 carbon atoms.
- composition of claim 1 in which n is 3 and Y is an alkyl radical of 10 to 30 carbon atoms.
- composition of claim 1 in which the oil of lubricating viscosity is a synthetic oil.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Description
United States Patent 3,346,497 GREASES CONTAINING AMIDOUREA THICKENERS John L. Dreher, Berkeley, and Bruce W. Hotten, Orinda,
Calif., assignors to Chevron Research Corporation, a
corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Apr. 1, 1965, Ser. No. 444,803
9 Claims. (Cl. 25251.5)
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE High temperature greases comprising a lubricating oil base and as a thickener therefor, an amide or imido substituted polyurea of from 1 to 3 hydrocarbyl urea groups.
This patent application relates to grease compositions and thickening agents therefor, which compositions are characterized by their extreme high temperature stability and outstanding penetration characteristics. More particularly, the application relates to greases thickened with novel carboxylic acid-ureido derivatives which may be characterized as amides and imides of alkyl and aryl ureas.
Recently, the demand has increased for greases capable of providing eifective lubrication at high temperatures. The demand has been stimulated by development of modern equipment operating at high speeds, etc., and is evidenced by the many industrial and military specifications which provide minimum dropping point requirements of 400+ F. In many applications, operating temperatures of over 500 F. are encountered, and a consequent re quirement has resulted for greases able to operate at these temperatures. Among the factors contributing to these demands are the increased driving power of automobiles and aircraft, etc., and reduction in size of gears and other parts resulting from streamlining and other like design factors. An example of such streamlining is the reduction in total diameter of transmission and power train equipment in modern automobiles for the purpose of reducing clearances necessary for floors, etc. This results in reduction of gear diameters with a consequent increase in speed and temperature.
Among the materials that have been employed to produce high melting point greases are the salts of certain fatty and other carboxylic acids. Examples of such maten'als of this type which are commonly employed are the lithium salts of various fatty acids. However, these salts, in common with other materials of this general type, while providing greases of high melting points, contribute oxidation-promoting metal ions to the grease composition. These ions thus eflFect corrosion of the parts which the greases are designed to lubricate. It is, therefore, particularly desirable to provide high temperature stable greases which are, in addition, ashless, i.e., do not contain metal ions.
Although numerous non-metallic thickening agents have been proposed, these materials have generally failed to provide sufliciently high dropping points and consequent high temperature stabilities to be employed successfully in the aforementioned applications. Also, most of the ashless materials proposed have failed to provide proper stability characteristics, that is, such characteristics as are defined in tests as penetration, etc.
It is thus highly important to provide greases which have high dropping points, provide excellent lubrication for long periods at such high temperatures, are ashless and may be easily and economically prepared.
It has now been found that excellent high temperature greases result from the combination of an oil of lubricating viscosity and certain carboxylic acid-ureido compounds. Thus, the thickening agents of this invention comprise materials which may be represented by the formula:
X-(R-NHii-NH).Y in which R is a hydrocarbylene radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, n is a cardinal number 1 to 3, and X is a radical selected from the group consisting of (a) RC NH in which R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals of 10 to 30 carbon atoms and aryl radicals of 6 to 16 carbon atoms, and (b) o (o) ('i R \N (p) 20 in which R is as previously defined and R' is hydrocarbylene of l to 30 carbon atoms, and (b) in which bonds 0 and p, R" and R' are as previously defined, and (c) hydrocarbyl radicals of 1 to 30 carbon 40 atoms.
A preferred species of the invention is a grease thickened by a diamidodiurea derived from two molecules of stearic acid, two molecules of tolylene diisocyanate and one molecule of p-phenylene diamine.
Thus, the additives of this invention may be described as amides and imides of mono-, diand triureas. These materials are formed by reacting in certain proportions suitable carboxylic acids or internal carboxylic anhydrides, diisocyanates and amines or diamines. The following reactions illustrate the formation of the various amidoureas of this invention.
Monoamidomonoureas are prepared by reacting one molecule of a diisocyanate with one molecule each of a carboxylic acid and a monoamine. correspondingly,
monoimidomonoureas are formed by reacting one molecule of a cyclic anhydride, one molecule each of a diamine and a monoisocyanate. The following equations using a monoamido compound as an example illustrate these reactions:
Carboxylic Diisoeyanate Monoamine Acid 0 n n R1CNHR2NHCNHR 00 1 Monoamidomonourea In the preparation of a monoimidourea, the anhydride reacts with One amine group of a diamine, and the other amine group reacts with the isocyanate, thus no CO is released.
Suitable carboxylic acids from which R is derived include aliphatic carboxylic acids of from about 11 to 31 carbon atoms and aromatic carboxylic acids of from 7 to 17 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable acids include aliphatic acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, margaric, stearic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric acid, etc.; and aromatic acids, such as benzoic acid, l-naphthoic acid, 2-naphthoic acid, phenylacetic acid, hydrocinnarnic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, etc. Suitable anhydrides which may be employed are those derived from dibasic acids which form a cyclic anhydride structure, for example, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, etc. Substituted anhydrides, such as alkenyl succinic anhydrides of up to 30 carbon atoms are further examples of suitable materials.
Examples of suitable diisocyanates, from which R is derived, include 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 3,3'-bi-tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane- 4,4'-diisocyanate, etc.
Suitable monoisocyanates and monoamines for the production of monoamidoand monoimidomonoureas include phenyl isocyanate and tolyl isocyanate, and are preferably derived from aliphatic radicals of 2 to 30 carbon atoms or aromatic radicals of 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
The diamines are preferably aliphatic diamines of 2 to 30 carbon atoms or aromatic diamines of 6 to 16 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable diamines are ethylene diamine, propylene diamine, butylene diamine, phenylene diamine, tolylene diamine, etc.
In the formation of diamidodiureas, two molecules of the acid, two molecules of the diisocyanate and one molecule of a diamine are reacted according to the following equation:
The acids, anhydrides, diisocyanates, monoamines and diamines are the same as employed in producing the monourea materials. Since the anhydride will not react directly with the isocyanate, diimidodiureas are produced by reacting two molecules of the anhydride with two molecules of the diamine and one molecule of the diisocyanate.
The monoamidotriureas are formed by the reaction of one molecule of the carboxylic acid, two molecules of the diisocyanate, and one molecule each of the diamine and monoamine according to the following reaction:
The imidotriureas are likewise formed by reacting one molecule of the anhydride, two molecules of the diamine, and one molecule each of the diisocyanate and the monoamine.
The thickeners may be easily prepared in situ, i.e., in the lubricant base, or may be prepared separately and then added to the base. The materials may be prepared by blending the several reactants together in a reaction vessel and heating them at temperatures ranging from 70 F. to about 600 F. for a time suflicient to cause formation of the desired thickener. For example, in the formation of a diamidodiurea, two moles of carboxylic acid, two moles of diisocyanate and one mole of a diamine may be blended together to form a uniform mixture, then heated at temperatures within the range prescribed. However, since the diisocyanate reacts with amines at a more rapid rate than with acids, a higher yield of the diamidodiurea may be obtained if the reaction is carried forth in separate steps. For example, it is preferable to react the diisocyanate first with the acid and then add the amine material. correspondingly, in the case of diamidoand imidoureas, it is also preferable to conduct the aciddiisocyanate or anhydride-diamine reaction first. In either case, the reaction may be carried out simply by mixing the reactants together as described, or a basic catalyst may be employed to hasten the reaction. Typical bases which may be employed as catalysts are electron-rich nitrogen bases, such as triethylamine and triethylene diamine. The use of a mild catalyst and a somewhat elevated temperature for the reaction is preferable to the use of strong catalysts and lower temperatures. Strong bases, such as sodium hydroxide or an alkoxide, should not be used, as a possibly resulting uncontrolled reaction may lead to an explosion.
The following examples illustrate the preparation of the various carboxylic acid-urea type derivatives and greases which contain them. The examples are only illustrative and are not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Example I.-Preparali0n of diimidodiurea grease in single-step reaction the synthetic oil and having the following properties:
Penetration, initial (P 256 Penetration, after 60 strokes (P 314 ASTM dropping point, F. (DP) 522 Example II.Preparati0n of diamidodiurea grease employing mineral oil 85.2 g. (0.30 mole) of stearic acid was placed in a metal beaker and mixed with 300 g. of a paraflinic oil 'having a viscosity of 480 SSU at F. The beaker was placed on a hotplate with a stirring motor attached and the mixture was heated and stirred at F. until it was dissolved. 2.0 g. of triethylamine was added. 52.2 g. (0.30 mole) of 2.4-tolylene diisocyanatewas then added to the mixture and the material was heated at F. for twenty minutes until evolution of CO ceased. 17.0 g. (0.15 mole) of m-phenylene diamine was mixed with 200 g. of the base oil and heated on a steamplate at 300 for thirty minutes. This solution was then stirred to suspend the liquified m-phenylene diamine and was added to the reaction beaker. There was no reaction at 175 F. The mixture was then heated to 295 F. with rapid stirring, and a very heavy gel formed. 235 g. of additional oil was added; stirring was continued. The grease was then heated to 400 F for thirty minutes. 7.0 g of phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine oxidation inhibitor was added. The material was then cooled and milled in a 3-roll mill. To 890 g. of the grease, 50 g. of additional oil was added and hand mixed. The mixture was then passed once more through the 3-roll mill, giving a grease having a P of 240, P of 284, a dropping point (DP) of 552 F. and containing 16.2% of the thickener.
Example III.-Preparati0n of monoamidourea and mixture of synthetic and mineral oil 300 g. of an oil blend comprising 50% of a pa-raffinic base oil having a viscosity of 150 SSU at 100 F. and 50% of dipropylene glycol dipelargonate and 102.2 g. (0.36 mole) of stearic acid were placed in a large flask equipped with heating jacket and stirring device. The mixture was stirred and heated to 150 F. for thirty minutes. All the material dissolved. 5.0 g. of triethylamine was added, and the mixture was stirred an additional five minutes. 62.6 g. (0.36 mole) of an 80:20 isomeric mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-t0ly1ene diisocyanate was added to the mixture. Foaming began and continued for thirty minutes. A solution of 38.5 g. (0.36 mole) of p-toluidine and 200 g. of the oil base which had been heated to 150 F. was added to the mixture. The mixture became cloudy and somewhat thick. The material was then heated to 240 F., and 5.0 g. of phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine oxidation inhibitor was added. Heating was continued. A heavy gel formed at about 250 F. The grease was then heated to 350 F., held for thirty minutes, cooled and transferred to beakers and heated in a 350 F. oven for three and one-half hours with occasional hand stirring. The grease was then cooled and milled in a 3-roll mill. 150 g. of the oil base was added to 650 g. of the grease, and the grease was then milled once more through the 3-roll mill. The grease, which contained 22.9% thickener, had a dropping point (DP) of 453 F., a P of 229 and a P of 250.
Example IV.Preparati0n of monoamidatriurea grease 17.0 g. (0.15 mole) of m-phenylene diamine and 16.0 g. (0.15 mole) of p-toluidine were mixed with 200 g. of a blend of 40% of a mineral lubricating oil having a viscosity of 480 SSU at 100, 45% of pentaerythritol tetracaproate and 15% of dioctyl azelate. The mixture was placed on a hotplate and stirred to effect solution. 42.6 g. (0.15 mole) of stearic acid and 300 g. of the oil base were placed in a metal breaker and heated to 160 F. with stirring. 52.2 g. (0.30 mole) of tolylene diisocyanate was added to the mixture and stirred for five minutes. 2.0 g. of triethylamine was added to the mixture. The mixture was heated to 150 F. and stirred for thirty minutes until foaming ceased. The first and second solutions were mixed and heated to 300 F. At this temperature, gelation began, and the mixture continued to gel to a heavy grease at 350 F. The grease was heated to 400 F. and held for one hour. The grease was cooled and milled twice through a 3-roll mill. 15 0 g. of additional base oil was blended with 590 g. of the grease, yielding a grease containing 15.9% by weight thickener and having a dropping point of 540 F., P of 246 and P of 290.
Greases containing carboxylic-urea derivatives were prepared according to the procedures enumerated above,
(A) California parafiinimbase petroleum oil having a viscosity of 480 SSU at 100 F.
(B) Mixture of California paratfinic-base petroleum oil having a viscosity of 150 SSU at 100 F. and 50% dipropylene glycol dipelargonate (C) Mixture of 40% (A), 45 pent-aerythritol tetracaproate and 15% diisooctyl azel-ate (D) Pentaerythritol tetracaproate The anhydrides and the carboxylic acids which were employed are as follows:
( 1) Stearic acid (2) Oleic acid (3) Hydrogenated fish acid (4) IZ-hydroxystearic acid (5) Phthalic anhydride (6) Hexahydrophthalic anhydride The diisocyan ates are as follows:
(7) 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (8) :20 isomeric mixture of 2,4,2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (9) 3,3'-bi-tolylene diisocyanate (10) Diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate The dimaines employed are as follows: (11) m-Phenylene diamine (12) Ethylene diamine (13) p-Phenylene diamine The monoamines which were employed are as follows: (14) p-Toluidine (15) Tall oil fatty amines (l6) Rosin amine The materials in the following table were prepared by the methods set forth previously and illustrated in the preceding examples. The materials were each inhibited with about 0.5% of phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine.
TABLE I Reactants Sample Thick- ASTM No. Tluckener Type ener, Oil D.P., P P P 0H0 Anhy- Acid Diiso- Di- Mono percent "F.
dride amine amine cyanate Monoamidourea I WMHHHHWHMHHHNJH rr-nmooooooooooooocooqwcoooomoowqcouooqoo l Fluid at Room Temp.
As can be seen from the extensive data embodied in the above table, greases which are prepared from mineral oils, synthetics, and mixtures of mineral and synthetic oils when thickened by the diamido, diimido, monoimido, urea, etc., of this invention display high dropping points and excellent unworked (P and worked (P penetrations. Of special significance are the relatively small differences between the worked and unworked penetrations. Additionally, the work breakdown penetration (P of selected samples showsexcellent resistance to shear for these greases. Note that the grease of Example 'I which employed 12-hydroxystearic acid as the amide-forming unit was, however, fluid at room temperature. Also, it may be noted that Example 18 in which thickener employed was prepared from a mixed abietyl amine had an ASTM dropping point of less than 300 F. and was essentially fluid in the penetration test. Thus, amines of this type are not suitable for the preparation of grease thickeners.
In addition to dropping point, penetration, and aging tests, greases thickened by monoamido-monoureas were subjected to high speed bearing performance tests. The particular test employed is known as the Navy High Speed Bearing Test as described in Federal Test Method 331.1. In this test, a ball bearing was operated at 10,000 rpm. continuously for approximately twenty-two hours at 350 F. The apparatus was then cooled to room temperature during a period of two hours. The procedure of operating at 10,000 r.p.m. at the noted temperature of cooling was repeated until there was bearing failure. The Bearing Life is the number of hours to bearing failure.
The thickeners employed in this test are as follows: X designates monoamidourea derived from stearic acid, 2,4- tolylene diisocyanate and p-toluidine. Y design-ates monoamidourea derived from stearric acid, diphenylmethane-4,4- diisocyanate and p-toluidine. Each sample contained 0.4% phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine and 2.0% dioctyldiphenylamine as corrosion and oxidation inhibitors. The oils employed in the tests are the same as referred to in Table I. Table II embodies the results of these tests:
As noted in the table, the mineral oil base grease had a bearing life of 172 and 130 hours respectively. This performance under 350 F. temperature is remarkable for a mineral oil. One hundred and fifty hours performance at 350 F. is equivalent to between 2,000 and 3,000 hours at 250. The Bearing Life of the synthetic oil-based grease was also very good.
Lubricating oils which can be used as base oils for the greases of this invention include a wide variety of oils, for example, naphthenic base, paraffin base, and mixedbased mineral lubricating oils; synthetic oils, such as polymers of propylene, butylene, etc.; propylene oxide polymers; dicarboxylic acid esters, such as those which are prepared by esterifying azelaic acid with Z-ethylhexyl alcohol; and silicon esters, such as tetraethyl silicate, hexa(4-methyl-2-pentoxy)-disiloxa11e, etc. Also, mixtures of synthetic and mineral lubricating oils may be employed.
The thickeners described in this specification are employed in amounts sufficient to thicken the oils to the consistency of grease, that is, in amounts ranging from 5 to 50% by weight, or preferably in amounts from to 30% by weight.
While the character of this invention has been described in detail with numerous examples, this has been done by way of illustration only and Without limitation of the invention. It will be applied to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications and variations of the illustrative examples may be made in the practice of the invention within the scope of the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A grease composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and, in an amount sufficient to thicken said oil to the consistency of a grease, a carboxylic-ureido derivative of the formula:
XR-NHCNH A in which R is a hydrocarbylene radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, n is a cardinal number 1 to 3, and X is a radical selected from the group consisting of R( 3-NH in which R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals of 10 to 30 carbon atoms and aryl radicals f 6 to 16 carbon atoms, and
in which R is as previously defined and R" is hydrocarbylene of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and
in which R" and R and the bonds (0) and (p) are as previously defined, and (c) hydrocarbyl radicals of 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
2. The composition of claim 1 in which R is an arylene radical of 6 to 16 carbon atoms, 21 is 2, X is (a) in which R is an alkyl group of 10 to 30 carbon atoms and Y is (a) in which R is an alkyl radical of 10 to 30 carbon atoms and R is an arylene radical of 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
3. The composition of claim 2 in which R' is alkyl of 12 to 24 carbon atoms.
4. The composition of claim 3 in which R and R are tolylene radicals.
5. The composition of claim 3 in which R and R are 3,3'-bitolylene and R is the alkyl radical from stearic acid.
6. The composition of claim 1 in which n is 1 and Y is an alkyl radical of 10 to 30 carbon atoms.
7. The composition of claim 6 in which X is (a) and Y is an alkyl radical of 10 to 30 carbon atoms.
8. The composition of claim 1 in which n is 3 and Y is an alkyl radical of 10 to 30 carbon atoms.
9. The composition of claim 1 in which the oil of lubricating viscosity is a synthetic oil.
(References on following page) 3,346,497 9 10 References Cited FOREIGN PATENTS UNITED STATES PATENTS 610,969 12/1960 Canada. 2,698,300 12/1954 Hotten 252-515 2,710,839 6/1955 Swakon et a1. 252-515 DANIEL Emmmer- 2,832,739 4/1958 Swakon 25251.5 I. VAUGHN, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A GREASE COMPOSITON COMPRISING AN OIL OF LUBRICATING VISCOSITY AND, IN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO THICKEN SAID OIL TO THE CONSISTENCY OF A GRESE, A CARBOXYLIC-UREIDO DERIVATIVE OF THE FORMULA:
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US444803A US3346497A (en) | 1965-04-01 | 1965-04-01 | Greases containing amidourea thickeners |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US444803A US3346497A (en) | 1965-04-01 | 1965-04-01 | Greases containing amidourea thickeners |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3346497A true US3346497A (en) | 1967-10-10 |
Family
ID=23766426
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US444803A Expired - Lifetime US3346497A (en) | 1965-04-01 | 1965-04-01 | Greases containing amidourea thickeners |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US3346497A (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4036797A (en) * | 1973-09-10 | 1977-07-19 | Chevron Research Company | Polyurethane precursors containing thixotropic agents |
US4165329A (en) * | 1972-06-02 | 1979-08-21 | Chevron Research Company | Grease thickening agent |
JPS54125351U (en) * | 1978-02-21 | 1979-09-01 | ||
JPS54126231U (en) * | 1978-02-23 | 1979-09-03 | ||
JPS54114506A (en) * | 1978-02-28 | 1979-09-06 | Nippon Koyu Kk | Lubricating grease composition |
JPS56139592A (en) * | 1981-03-18 | 1981-10-31 | Nippon Kouyu:Kk | Lubricating grease composition |
US6265359B1 (en) * | 2000-01-19 | 2001-07-24 | Anbanandam Parthiban | Imide-Diurea and imide-urethane urea grease thickeners and organic solvent free process for preparation thereof |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2698300A (en) * | 1951-06-28 | 1954-12-28 | California Research Corp | Greases thickened with acyl ureas |
US2710839A (en) * | 1952-11-01 | 1955-06-14 | Standard Oil Co | Aryl-urea thickened greases |
US2832739A (en) * | 1955-06-13 | 1958-04-29 | Standard Oil Co | Ureido thickened greases |
CA610969A (en) * | 1960-12-20 | California Research Corporation | High temperature greases |
-
1965
- 1965-04-01 US US444803A patent/US3346497A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA610969A (en) * | 1960-12-20 | California Research Corporation | High temperature greases | |
US2698300A (en) * | 1951-06-28 | 1954-12-28 | California Research Corp | Greases thickened with acyl ureas |
US2710839A (en) * | 1952-11-01 | 1955-06-14 | Standard Oil Co | Aryl-urea thickened greases |
US2832739A (en) * | 1955-06-13 | 1958-04-29 | Standard Oil Co | Ureido thickened greases |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4165329A (en) * | 1972-06-02 | 1979-08-21 | Chevron Research Company | Grease thickening agent |
US4036797A (en) * | 1973-09-10 | 1977-07-19 | Chevron Research Company | Polyurethane precursors containing thixotropic agents |
JPS54125351U (en) * | 1978-02-21 | 1979-09-01 | ||
JPS54126231U (en) * | 1978-02-23 | 1979-09-03 | ||
JPS54114506A (en) * | 1978-02-28 | 1979-09-06 | Nippon Koyu Kk | Lubricating grease composition |
JPS56139592A (en) * | 1981-03-18 | 1981-10-31 | Nippon Kouyu:Kk | Lubricating grease composition |
US6265359B1 (en) * | 2000-01-19 | 2001-07-24 | Anbanandam Parthiban | Imide-Diurea and imide-urethane urea grease thickeners and organic solvent free process for preparation thereof |
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