US380339A - Baker s oven - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 SheetsSheet 1.v

. T. B. MQFADDEN.

BAKBRS OVEN.

No. 380,339. PatentedApr. 3, 1888.

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. BAKERS OVEN. I No. 380,389. Patented Apr. 3, 1888.

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T. B. MOPADDEN.

BAKERS OVEN.

Patented Apr. 3', 1888.

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PATENT THOMAS B. MOFADDEN, OF PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

' BAKERS OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 380,339, dated April 3,1888.

(No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, Tnoams B. MOFADDEN, a resident of Peoria, in the county of Peoria and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bakers Ovens; and I do hereby declare the following to be a. full, clear, and exact description of the inven tion, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in bakers ovens, and is fully described and explained in this specification and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a view, partly in front elevation and partly in transverse vertical section, of myimproved oven, a plane of vertical section being passed through line 00 m, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the oven, a plane of section being passed through the line y y, Fig. 1, and the View being in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the oven through the broken line e z c c, Fig. l.

In the views,A is an ash-pit extending com pletely across the front of the oven and provided with a series of doors, a, of ordinary form, and B is a combustion-chamber lying above the ash-pit and separated from it by grates b, of any desired form. The combustion-chamber B, which, like the ash-pit A, extends completely across the front of the oven, is provided with a series of doors, I), for the introduction of fuel and the management of the fire, and is roofed over by a hater arched cover, B, ol'firebrick or other suitable material.

From the rear side of the combustion-chamher, at a point between the grate b and the cover B, opens aseries of similar fiues, G, distributed at equal intervals across the entire width of the oven and extending backward and obliquely upward to the inner face of the rear wall, where each of them connects with a vertical flue, 0, extending upward a short distance above the top of the oven, which will be hereinafter explained.

Below the series of does 0 is a floor, c, of suitable material, and beneath this door and immediately back of the ash-pit is a space which may be hollow or filled with sand or other non-conducting material, as indicated in the drawings. Above the dues G, and forming the roof or cover thereof, is a layer, a, of fire-brick or other suitable material, which has the same inclination as the dues themselves, and upon the cover 0 rests a layer of sand, thickest at its front edge and gradually decreasing in thickness toward its rear edge, the variation in thickness being such that the upper surface of the layer of sand is approximately level. Upon this layer of sand rests a second layer, d, of fire-brick, which forms a floor of an oven proper, D, having a rear wall, (1, a roof or ceiling, d", and two doors, d opening from the inside of the oven and affording access thereto. Above the ceiling d of the oven D is a series of horizontal fines, 0", conmeeting with the vertical dues 0', already mentioned, and forming with them and with the inclined fines (3 a series of similar continuous fines extending from the combustionchamber backward beneath the oven, upward in rear of the oven, and forward above the oven to an open space or chamber, E, extending across the entire space between the side walls of the structure in which the oven proper is i nclosed.

At one end of the chamberE is an opening, E, connecting the chamber with the smokeflue of a chimney, the draft in the chimney being regulated by means of a damper, 6, immediately above the opening E. The front ends of the lines 0 are covered by a series of hinged dampers, F, which may be raised or lowered by any suitable device susceptible of operation from the outside of the oven-inclosing structure-as, for instance, by means of a jointed rod, f, attached to the damper and extending through the front wall, as illustrated in the drawings.

Immediately above the chamber E is a roof or cover, G, of masonry, and above the does 0 is a hollow roof or cover, G G extending backward from the roof G, the space within such hollow cover being filled with sand or other non-conducting material, the object of this construction being to avoid as far as possible any waste of heat which might otherwise be diverted or radiated from the oven instead of utilized in heating it. It is evident that the structure thus far described constitutes a complete single oven provided with a combustion-chamber, a series of flues opening from the combustion-chamber and extending about the bottom, top, and one side of the oven proper and communicating with a suitable smoke-flue, the smoke-flue being provided with a suitable damper by means of which it may be governed, and the relative heat and volume ofthe current passing through the flues being susceptible of regulation by means of a series of separate dampers, F, which may be independently operated.

It further appears from the description and drawings that the oven proper is provided with a bottom of suitable non-conducting material whose thickness is greatest at that portion of the oven nearest the combustion-chamher; and gradually decreases as the distance from the combustion-chamber increases. By means of this construction the heat of the bottom of the oven proper, instead of being greatest at that portion nearest the combustion-chamber, is substantially uniform; and in fact I have found in practice that this variation in thickness may be such that there is no appreciable difference whatever in the heat of various portions of the oven-floor.

Above the double cover G G of the flues O is a second series of horizontalflues, 0 opening and extending backward from achamber, E above the cover G of the chamber E, and above these flues G is a second oven, D, provided with doors (1*. The flues 0 connect at their rear ends with vertical flues 0 extend ing upward in rear of the oven D, and these vertical flues in turn connect with horizontal flues 0 above the oven. The front ends of the flues G open into a chamber, E extending entirely across the front of the oven and communicating with the smoke-flue of the chimney by means of an opening, E. The chambers E E are separated by horizontal partition G, and the roof or cover G of the chamber E is formed with a suitable opening, 9, through which hot air may pass from the chamber E to the chamber E. The opening g is covered by one or more adjustable dampers, e, which may be operated by any suitable devicesas, for instance, by means of a chain or cord, 6 Fig. 2, extending through the wallin front of the chamber E. By means of these dampers the opening 9 may be closed or left open, as desired; and it is evident that if it be open and the damper e in the smoke-flue be closed any heated air or gas emerging from the flues G to the chamber E will pass upward through the opening 5 and thence through the flues C O 0 about the oven D and into the chamber E whence it will pass through the opening E into thesmoke-flue of the chimney. A damper, e, is placed in the chimney above the opening E* and permits the regulation of the draft in the chimney when both ovens are in use. Above the flues C is a suitable cover of any non-conducting material,

chamberEand having the opening g, providedwith the adjustable damper e, the chamber E above the cover G, and the chamber E above the chamber E also communicating with the smoke-flue, substantially as shown and described, and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

THOMAS E. MoFADDEN.

Witnesses:

SOHUYLER DURYEE,

WALTER B. PATTERSON.

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