US868397A - Transforming-nozzle for obtaining kinetic energy from flowing gases and vapors. - Google Patents

Description

'TRL 868391K R.^BBRGMANS. l TRANSPORMING NozzLE FOR OBTAINING KINETIG ENERGY FROM;'FLovirniuv` GASES ANDVAPORS. PPLIUATION HL'BD Nov. 4, 1905..

s s w "UNITED STATES PATENT,A OFFICE.

RUDOLF BERGMANS, on larREsLw,esaurirsi?.-v

'nnANsrfnRmNe-Nozznn vFor. OBTAINING xrNn'rro ENERGY FROM FLowrNefGAsEs AND vAPoRs.

. im.v 868.397.

allfwlwm it my'coricem: Be it known that I, RUDOLF BERGMANS, engineer, a

v's 'ubject of'the Emperor of German-y, residing at'76 Friedrich Wilhelm strasse, Breslau, in the Empire of Germany, have invented new and useiullmprove-'I ments in Transforming-Nozzles for Obtaining lKinetic Energy from Flowing Gases and Vapors, oiwhich the following is a speciicationil It is a -knoivn fact that the vdegree of thermic e- .ciency'oi aheat energy equipment, in which the working` process is conducted according ,to the reversible cycle process'will be so much the better the higher-the i 'temperature at which the heat is furnished to4 the' worky of the'accompanying excessive heating of :themachine Wan thesis ofthe transforming nzzieformiiig the,

such' that with its aid, steam or vapor'oi low tension and the highest possible temperature,'before admission to the heat power machine, will be transformed into the` reverse condition, in such manner. that the steam 01-7 vapor after transformation will have la higher tension cooling part-b b-c c oi the interchanger, is prolonged into the condensing part c c-d d ofthe same, but in' and a lower temperature' than before the transformation.

Figure I shows theapplication oi the nozzle to 'a heat power apparatus working with superheated` steam.

2 the employment' of the nozzle in a heat'power plant 4using hot vapors. Fig. 3 shows a special form of vconstruction of the transforming nozzle.

vThe method of Working 0i the arrangementshown in l i Fig.- 1, in which superheated steams supposedto be i conveyedto it at a constant pressre', thatit receives av highest possible temperature. The highlyj heated steam passes fromthe superheater into the converter or interchanger D. By giving thel latterisuitable I dimensions and form, the' iniowinghot steam first receives a certain momentum order afterwards t'o be compressed, by its own inertia Vor impetusjon the withdrawal of a certainan'rount of heat,l to a higher presv sure than the initial pressure.

The operations in the interchanger .take place, in the form oi construction of the nozzle shown-in Fig. 3, in the following way:-`An 'adiabatic 'expansion of the Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed November 4,195. Serial No, 285,950.-

given theiorm of a 'r'ing which is cooled internally and Patented oet. 15, 190i?. i

interchanger by giving such parta suitable dimension and form. I.The steam attains in the nozzle section b at the lowest density. a. certain speed and thus also a kinetic energy'. The steam flows with this speed into the cooling part b bf-'oc of thenozzle, in which part heat is rom'it, the pressure being maintaini ed constant. Forthis object thepart b b-c-c of the nozzle-'is provided with a cooling jacket m. Through this jacket a colder, body, for instance', water, flows,

which absorbs andremoves the quantity of heatwhich' is tot bewithdrawn from ,the steam.- By the withdrayval of heat and the.cooling ofthe steam, the kineticenergy inherent' therein on its entrance into the cooling th'e. amount of the cooling.

i. VIn order to obtain-:as intense a'cooling in the part b Ii--e c o the interchanger as possible, the chamber s' for the passage of the'steam jet, is (as shown in Fig. 2)A

externallyffThis annular 'space diminishes from b toward c c, so thatA the pressure ofl vthe steam' which -touches the cooling surfaces remains approximately constant during its passage' lfrom b b to c c. In 'the nozzle section c c the steam has attained such a speed that it now is ina position by reason of its kinetic energy to compress to a higher pressure than its initial pressure. The comprssionthat is to say the conversion of the kineticy energyinto pressure takesplace vin the part of the nozzle c c-dd specially formed for this purpose.

The' annular section Aof the passage channel s at the ofh-thekinetic energy oi the same intopressure is pro.-

duced. Now 4as the steam-jet is diverted "in-algentle 'curve from the original direction, and with a gradual diminutionoi speed conveyed to 'thecollecting' ch'an1' ber, the 'compression takes place without shock and vtherefore Without loss. The 'retarding ofA the steam jet in this nbzzlefpart causes aslight increase in the temperature, however,v on, account of the' high super- .heating of the steamentering in a a, this increase inluences the efficiency oi the entire apparatus but veryl imperceptibly. g The stearri passes" from the interlchanger D now at a higher pressure and at as low a temperature as is 'admissible for the working, into the4 turbine M in which it then executes certain work.

The present method ol' working' allows of the gases of combustion being also employed directly as iwrking medium in a heat power installation, and then the processes, described in a connection with Fig. 2, take place as follows:-0n the grate P, the combustion o i the material takes-place atas high a temperature as possible and as low an atmospheric p1-essere. From the combustion chamber K the gas is directly conveyed into the interchanger D1 in which the gas'is converted vjacket 'n round the part a b of the nozzle, in which a certain momentum is produced, merely has for its .object to prevent this part of the nozzle being 'rendered incandescent or red hot. The gas cooling required for the production of momentum is el'i'ccted by the cooling jacket n/. In the interchanger Dl shown in Fig` 2, the channel s for the passage of the gas, is not of annular but of circular section. The interchanger Dl might, however, be made like the nozzle D in Fig. 3. As some heat is withdrawn from the gas in the 'part a b of the interchanger, the4 expansion o the gas in this part does not take place adia'oatically, but in a curve which' is under the adiabatic; otherwise the course of the alterations of the condition of the gas in this interchane'er takes' place jas hereinbeiore described. The gas passes from the interchanger Dl, which gas now has a higher pressure and a lower temperature than before its entrance into the interchanger, as operating medium into the heat power engine. The conversion can also be effected hy meas oi several intcrchangcrs erected one bchii'id the other. The gas is then compressed, 'for instance, in .the lirst inter-v changer to the pressure 7). in the second to the presi sure p, and so forth, until the gs inally on emerging from the nth intcrchangcr, has the desired pressure and temperature with which itthen enters the heat power machine.

The Operations of the flow in the intcrcl'iaugcr may bc arranged differently, but the formation ol the interchanger and also the method of cooling must always he exactly suited to the actual condition of How.-

Having now particularly described and, ascertained the nature ol my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what `vI claimfiszfl. in an apparatus for obtaining mechanical work from flowing gases or vapors of high temperature and `slieht `tension, a collecting'chamber, a tron orzning i me having: a diminishing cross-section, nzeaiis f cooling the whereby heat is withdrawn, lindern tension that re approximately constant. from the enc-aging gases or w, pars to which a high speed is thus imparted, and of a gradually Widening' annular passage canal throngh'which the gases or vapors reach the collecting chamber, whereby the inotion of the gases or vapors is retarded and their kinetic ener-Uy transformed into tension energy. v i

f2'. in an apparatus for obtaining mechanical work from llowing gases cr vapors of'high temperatureland'sli, it tension'. a collecting chamber, a transforming nozzle having a diminishing' annular space, means for cooling the inner and outerwall of the annular' space whereby l at is withA drawn, under a tension that remains appro are v I.ronstantfron1 the engaging' gases oi' vapors to a high ni'nom nnneuays.

Wltnesses A. N. MAN, Loris Kivrz.

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