ascertained

However, Mr Brookes said it was unclear how the Turkish police ascertained he had been driving at speed.

By applying cenotectic physics to known conditions on various distant worlds, the researchers ascertained how water on these icy distant bodies could remain liquid enough to sustain life.

Norfolk Police said the cause of death could not be ascertained from the post-mortem examination on Thursday.

In terms of the quantity of the gas being expelled, scientists ascertained that ionised- and neutral-gas outflows measured by their equipment ultimately reached "0.14–2.9 and 30–100 solar mass per year, respectively."

But how easily its meaning is ascertained raises questions about whether "DEI hire" is a dog whistle in the traditional sense, more slur-adjacent as some suggest, or something new.