empirical

Here, again, empirical evidence contradicts so-called common sense.

It strikes me that the "liberal" harms you cite as are well grounded in empirical reality, while the conservative harms are less so.

You write, "It would prove almost impossible, with Friedman’s method, for empirical evidence to throw out a theory: it led to a mantra that it takes a model to beat a model."

Then there’s the empirical evidence: It’s true that the higher the co-pays and deductibles, the less medical care people seek, on average.

Anyone needing empirical evidence of these conditions need not look beyond the way we fund Social Security, our indispensable federal retirement and disability program.