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Brazil, wey dem dey officially call di Federative Republic of Brazil, be di biggest plus di easternmost country for South America. E be di fifth-biggest country for di world based on land size, plus di seventh-biggest by population, wey e get over 212 million people. Di country be federation wey get 26 states plus one Federal District, wey e host di capital city, Brasília. Di most populous city be São Paulo, followed by Rio de Janeiro. Brazil get di highest number of Portuguese speakers for di whole world, plus e be di only country for di Americas wey Portuguese be di official language.[1][2]

Brazil dey bordered by di Atlantic Ocean for di east, plus e get coastline wey reach 7,491 kilometers (4,655 mi). E cover almost half of South America ein land area, plus e share border wit all di other countries plus territories for di continent except Ecuador plus Chile.[3] Di country dey rank number one among di 17 megadiverse countries, plus ein natural heritage dey attract global interest. Dis be because environmental problems like deforestation dey directly affect global issues like climate change plus biodiversity loss.

Before di Portuguese explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral land for 1500, Brazil dey occupied by different indigenous peoples. Portugal come claim di land plus settle for dia, wey dem forcefully carry enslaved Africans come work for plantations. Brazil remain colony until 1815, when dem raise ein status to kingdom inside di United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, plus di Algarves after di Portuguese court move go Rio de Janeiro. Prince Pedro of Braganza declare di country ein independence for 1822, wey e establish di Empire of Brazil, wey be unitary state wey dem dey govern under one parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Di first constitution for 1824 establish one bicameral legislature, wey dem dey call di National Congress today, plus e include principles like freedom of religion plus di press, but e still keep slavery, wey dem gradually abolish throughout di 19th century until di final abolition for 1888. Brazil turn presidential republic after one military coup d’état for 1889. One authoritarian military dictatorship take over for 1964 plus e rule until 1985, wey civilian governance come back. Di current constitution, wey dem enact for 1988, define Brazil as one democratic federal republic.[4]

Brazil be regional plus middle power,[5][6][7] plus e dey rise as one global power.[8][9][10][11] E be one emerging,[12][13] upper-middle income economy plus newly industrialized country,[14] wey get one of di 10 biggest economies for di world based on both nominal GDP plus PPP,[15] plus di biggest economy for Latin America plus di Southern Hemisphere. E also get di largest share of wealth for South America. Because e get complex plus highly diversified economy, Brazil be one of di world ein major exporters of different agricultural goods, mineral resources, plus manufactured products.[16] Because of ein rich culture plus history, di country dey rank thirteenth for di world in terms of di number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.[17] Brazil be founding member of di United Nations, di G20, BRICS, G4, Mercosur, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States, plus di Community of Portuguese Language Countries. E also be observer state for di Arab League plus one major non-NATO ally of di United States.[18][19]

References

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  1. ↑ Philander, S. George (2012). Encyclopedia of Global Warming and Climate Change, Second Edition. Vol. 1 (Second ed.). Los Angeles: Princeton University. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-4129-9261-9. OCLC 970592418. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  2. ↑ Vallance, Monique M. (2012). "Preface and Observations on Contemporary Brazil". In Crocitti, John J. (ed.). Brazil Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic. Contributing editor Monique M. Vallance. ABC-CLIO. p. xxiii. ISBN 978-0-313-34672-9. OCLC 787850982. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  3. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20141023154830/http://www.un.int/brazil/brasil/brazil-land.htm
  4. ↑ "Brazilian Federal Constitution" (in Portuguese). Presidency of the Republic. 1988. Archived from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 3 June 2008. "Brazilian Federal Constitution". v-brazil.com. 2007. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 3 June 2008. Unofficial translate
  5. ↑ M. Schaefer; J. Poffenbarger (2014). The Formation of the BRICS and its Implication for the United States: Emerging Together. Springer. p. 32. ISBN 978-1-137-38794-3. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  6. ↑ Sean W. Burges (2016). Latin America and the Shifting Sands of Globalization. Routledge. pp. 114–15. ISBN 978-1-317-69658-2. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
  7. ↑ Gardini, Gian Luca (2016). "Brazil: What Rise of What Power?". Bulletin of Latin American Research. 35: 5–19. doi:10.1111/blar.12417. ISSN 0261-3050.
  8. ↑ Gratius, Susanne (April 2008). "The international arena and emerging powers: stabilising or destabilising forces?" (PDF). FRIDE. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2016.
  9. ↑ Peter Collecott (29 October 2011). "Brazil's Quest for Superpower Status". The Diplomatic Courier. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  10. ↑ Clendenning, Alan (17 April 2008). "Booming Brazil could be world power soon". USA Today. The Associated Press. p. 2. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
  11. ↑ Jorge Dominguez; Byung Kook Kim (2013). Between Compliance and Conflict: East Asia Latin America and the New Pax Americana. Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. pp. 98–99. ISBN 978-1-136-76983-2.
  12. ↑ "FTSE Country Classification" (PDF). FTSE Group. September 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  13. ↑ "Country and Lending Groups". World Bank. Archived from the original on 18 March 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2011. Uppermiddle Income defined as a per capita income between $3,976 – $12,275
  14. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  15. ↑ "CIA – The World Factbook – Country Comparisons – GDP (purchasing power parity)". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
  16. ↑ Jeff Neilson; Bill Pritchard (2011). Value Chain Struggles. John Wiley & Sons. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-4443-5544-4. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  17. ↑ "UNESCO World Heritage Centre — World Heritage List". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
  18. ↑ Vandiver, John (9 May 2019). "Trump bumps up Brazil to 'major non-NATO' ally". Stars and Stripes (in English). Archived from the original on 13 October 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  19. ↑ "Brazil must be a 'facilitator' in the Middle East, says VP". 14 August 2019. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
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