Berilyo

Beryllium, ₄Be
Beryllium
Bigkas	/bəˈrɪliəm/ (bə-RIL-ee-əm)
Appearance	white-gray metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Be)
	9.0121831±0.0000005; 9.0122±0.0001 (pinaikli);
Beryllium sa talahanayang peryodiko
	lithium ← beryllium → boron
Atomikong bilang (Z)	4
Group	2
Period	2
Block	s-block
Electron configuration	[He] 2s2
Electrons per shell	2, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solido
Melting point	1560 K (1287 °C, 2349 °F)
Boiling point	2742 K (2469 °C, 4476 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	1.845 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	1.690 g/cm3
Critical point	5205 K, MPa (extrapolated)
Heat of fusion	12.2 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	292 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	16.443 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2 (isang anpoterong oksido)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.57
Ionization energies	1st: 899.5 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1757.1 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 14,848.7 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 112 pm
Covalent radius	96±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	153 pm
	Mga linyang espektral ng beryllium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordiyal
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants	a = 228.60 pm; c = 358.42 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	10.98×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	200 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	36 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	−9.0×10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	287 GPa
Shear modulus	132 GPa
Bulk modulus	130 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	12,890 m/s (at r.t.)
Poisson ratio	0.032
Mohs hardness	5.5
Vickers hardness	1670 MPa
Brinell hardness	590–1320 MPa
CAS Number	7440-41-7
History
Discovery	Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1798)
First isolation	Friedrich Wöhler & Antoine Bussy (1828)
Isotopes of beryllium t; b;
	Kategorya: Beryllium; tingnan; usapan; baguhin; \| references

Ang berilyo (Ingles: beryllium; Espanyol: berilio) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong Be at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang 4.

Isang elemento at metal na may katibayan sa init, korosyon, at kalawang. Natuklasan ito ni Louis Nicolas Vauquelin noong 1798. Ginagamit ang elementong ito para sa paggawa ng mga balangkas ng mga eruplano at ng mga sasakyang pangkalawakan, sa bila ng mga replektor sa nga reaktor na nukleyar. Kapag inihalo sa tanso, ginagamit ito bilang kontaktong elektrikal at ispring o muwelye. Kabilang sa mga katangian nito ang pagkakaroon ng atomikong bilang na 4, atomikong timbang na 9.0122, punto ng pagkatunaw na 1,278 °C, punto ng pagkulong 2,970 °C, espesipikong grabidad na 1.848, at balensya na 2.^[9]

Talababa

↑ The thermal expansion is anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α_a = 12.03×10⁻⁶/K, α_c = 8.88×10⁻⁶/K, and α_average = α_V/3 = 10.98×10⁻⁶/K.

Mga sanggunian

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Beryllium" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2013.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
↑ Be(0) has been observed; see "Beryllium(0) Complex Found" (sa wikang Ingles). Chemistry Europe. 13 June 2016.
↑ "Beryllium: Beryllium(I) Hydride compound data" (PDF) (sa wikang Ingles). bernath.uwaterloo.ca. Nakuha noong 2007-12-10.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
↑ Haynes, William M., pat. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (ika-92nd (na) edisyon). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 14.48. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
↑ Gaboy, Luciano L. Beryllium, berilyum, berilyo - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.

[6] The thermal expansion is anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α_a = 12.03×10⁻⁶/K, α_c = 8.88×10⁻⁶/K, and α_average = α_V/3 = 10.98×10⁻⁶/K.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Beryllium" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2013.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Arblaster_2018-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[ZeroValentBeryllium-4] Be(0) has been observed; see "Beryllium(0) Complex Found" (sa wikang Ingles). Chemistry Europe. 13 June 2016.

[5] "Beryllium: Beryllium(I) Hydride compound data" (PDF) (sa wikang Ingles). bernath.uwaterloo.ca. Nakuha noong 2007-12-10.

[7] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[8] Haynes, William M., pat. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (ika-92nd (na) edisyon). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 14.48. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.

[NUBASE2020-9] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[Gaboy-10] Gaboy, Luciano L. Beryllium, berilyum, berilyo - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.

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