TWI498755B - 用於文字轉語音轉換之系統與方法及相關電子器件及非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體 - Google Patents

用於文字轉語音轉換之系統與方法及相關電子器件及非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體 Download PDF

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TWI498755B
TWI498755B TW102107930A TW102107930A TWI498755B TW I498755 B TWI498755 B TW I498755B TW 102107930 A TW102107930 A TW 102107930A TW 102107930 A TW102107930 A TW 102107930A TW I498755 B TWI498755 B TW I498755B
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TW201401082A (zh
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Christopher Brian Fleizach
Darren C Minifie
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Apple Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
    • G06F40/20—Natural language analysis
    • G06F40/263—Language identification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L13/00—Speech synthesis; Text to speech systems
    • G10L13/02—Methods for producing synthetic speech; Speech synthesisers
    • G10L13/033—Voice editing, e.g. manipulating the voice of the synthesiser
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L13/00—Speech synthesis; Text to speech systems
    • G10L13/08—Text analysis or generation of parameters for speech synthesis out of text, e.g. grapheme to phoneme translation, prosody generation or stress or intonation determination
    • G10L13/086—Detection of language
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L13/00—Speech synthesis; Text to speech systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L13/00—Speech synthesis; Text to speech systems
    • G10L13/08—Text analysis or generation of parameters for speech synthesis out of text, e.g. grapheme to phoneme translation, prosody generation or stress or intonation determination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/005—Language recognition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/26—Speech to text systems

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  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Description

用於文字轉語音轉換之系統與方法及相關電子器件及非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體
所揭示實施例大體係關於文字轉語音合成，且更特定而言，係關於使使用者能夠自多國語言中選擇待用於執行文字轉語音合成或轉換之語言的技術。
將語言文字轉換至語音的過程通常被稱作文字轉語音合成或文字轉語音轉換。歸因於由人類所講語言的相異性，各種語言可用於執行文字轉語音轉換。可以多國語言執行文字轉語音轉換的系統通常提供多國語言合成器，每一語言合成器經組態以將文字轉換至特定語言下之語音。舉例而言，可提供英語語言合成器用於將文字轉換至英語語音，可提供法語語言合成器用於將文字轉換至法語語音，可提供日語語言合成器用於將文字轉換至日語語音，等等。視待用於語音之特定語言而定，對應於彼特定語言之語言合成器用於執行文字轉語音轉換。
對於共用字元之語言(諸如，英語、法語及德語)，可使用對應於此等語言之合成器中的任一者來將同一段文字轉換至語言。然而，由於用於特定語言之合成器使用對於彼語言特定之發音規則及聲音，因此針對同一段文字之語音輸出對於不同合成器將聽起來不同。舉例而言，針對一段文字使用英語合成器自文字轉語音轉換產生的語音可聽 起來與針對同一段文字使用法語合成器產生的語音很不同。
在習知系統中，預設語言合成器通常經自動選擇以用於執行文字轉語音轉換，只要彼預設合成器可輸出正經轉換之文字的語音。然而，此可產生使用者非所要的語音結果。舉例而言，若待轉換之文字採用法語語言且英語語言合成器為預設合成器，則輸出可為由拙劣的英語口音講出的法語。
描述使使用者能夠自多國語言中選擇待用於執行文字轉語音轉換之一語言的某些實施例。
在一些實施例中，可對使用者顯示多國語言。使用者可接著自多國語言選擇待使用之一特定語言。使用者選定語言可接著用以產生針對待轉換至語音之文字的語音。
在一些實施例中，在判定多國語言符合條件以針對文字之一部分執行文字轉語音轉換後，便可對使用者顯示多國語言。使用者可接著自多國語言選擇待使用之一特定語言。當針對該文字產生語音時，可將文字之該部分轉換至採用使用者選定語言的語音。
在一些實施例中，使用一或多個分析準則來分析待轉換至語音之文字。基於分析，可將一或多種語言判定為適用於將文字轉換至語音。在一些情況下，分析可產生如適用於文字之同一部分的多國語言。在此情境下，可將多國語言輸出至使用者。使用者可接著自多國語言選擇一特定語言。接著使用對應於使用者選定語言的語言合成器將文字之部分轉換至採用使用者選定語言的語音。
多國語言可被識別為可能候選者所針對的文字之部分可為待轉換至語音之全部文字，或文字之一子集。文字之一子集可為(例如但不限於)文字內之一或多個字元、文字內之一或多個字詞、文字內之一或多個句子及類似者。
在一些實施例中，識別待用以將文字轉換至語音之一或多種語言的對文字之分析可基於各種準則。準則之實例可包括(但不限於)一或多個載入鍵盤、與文字相關聯之一或多個標籤、對待轉換至語音之文字之分析後由一語言分析工具識別的一或多種語言、應用程式特定資料(例如，主控網頁之網站的網域資訊、用於傳訊應用程式之發送者的電話號碼)、與文字中之一或多個字元相關聯的字元編碼資訊(例如，Unicode資訊)、一或多個使用者偏好(例如，語言或場所偏好)、使用者歷史資訊(例如，文字轉語音轉換之先前使用者語言選擇)、文字之來源、與文字相關聯之國碼頂層網域資訊、全球定位系統(GPS)資訊(例如，識別使用者或使用者器件之位置)及類似者。此等準則之各種組合在各種實施例中用以識別待用以將文字轉換至語音的一或多種語言。
在一些實施例中，對於包括多國語言之文字，用於執行文字轉語音轉換之語言合成器針對不同語言自動切換。在一些實施例中，文字可進行逐字元處理，且可判定一語言用於將字元轉換至語音。可識別待轉換至語音之文字中的字元之範圍，每一範圍與一語言相關聯。當將文字轉換至語音時，使用對應於與彼範圍相關聯之語言的語言合成器將每一範圍部分轉換至語音。此使語言合成器能夠在文字轉語音轉換期間自動切換以促進文字轉語音的轉換。
在一些實施例中，文字轉語音轉換可作為基於網頁之服務或雲端服務或者依據軟體即服務(SaaS)模型來提供。
根據一些實施，一種電子器件包括一或多個處理器、記憶體及一或多個程式；該一或多個程式儲存於記憶體中且經組態以由一或多個處理器執行，且一或多個程式包括用於執行上文所描述之方法及/或技術中之任一者之操作的指令。根據一些實施，電腦可讀儲存媒體已在其中儲存有指令，該等指令在由電子器件執行時使器件執行上文 所描述之方法及/或技術中之任一者的操作。根據一些實施，電子器件包括用於執行上文所描述之方法及/或技術中之任一者之操作的構件。根據一些實施，用於在電子器件中使用之資訊處理裝置包括用於執行上文所描述之方法及/或技術中之任一者之操作的構件。
根據一些實施，一種電子器件包括：一處理單元，其經組態以判定用於將文字轉換至語音之一組語言，該組語言包含用於將該文字之一部分轉換至語音的複數種候選語言；一顯示單元，其耦接至該處理單元，該顯示單元經組態以使該複數種候選語言被顯示；一輸入接收單元，其耦接至該處理單元，該輸入接收單元經組態以接收指示自該複數種候選語言選擇一第一候選語言的輸入；且該處理單元經進一步組態以將該文字轉換至語音，該轉換包含將該文字之該部分轉換至採用該第一候選語言的語音。
100‧‧‧系統
102‧‧‧文字轉語音子系統
104‧‧‧試探式子系統
106‧‧‧音訊輸出子系統
108‧‧‧輸入/輸出(I/O)子系統
110‧‧‧資訊
112‧‧‧語言合成器
114‧‧‧針對第一語言之TTS合成器
116‧‧‧針對第二語言之TTS合成器
118‧‧‧針對第三語言之TTS合成器
120‧‧‧合成器控制器
122‧‧‧記憶體子系統
124‧‧‧語音
126‧‧‧音訊檔案
128‧‧‧文字
200‧‧‧簡化流程圖
300‧‧‧簡化流程圖
400‧‧‧簡化流程圖
502‧‧‧文字
504‧‧‧圖說文字選單
506‧‧‧「講話」選項
602‧‧‧文字
604‧‧‧圖說文字選單
606‧‧‧「講話…」選項
702‧‧‧圖說文字選單
704‧‧‧英語
706‧‧‧法語
802‧‧‧文字
804‧‧‧圖說文字選單
806‧‧‧「講話…」選項
808‧‧‧區段
810‧‧‧區段
902‧‧‧圖說文字選單
904‧‧‧英語與日語
906‧‧‧法語與日語
1002‧‧‧文字
1004‧‧‧圖說文字選單
1006‧‧‧「講話…」選項
1102‧‧‧圖說文字選單
1104‧‧‧普通話
1106‧‧‧粵語
1108‧‧‧臺灣話
1200‧‧‧電腦系統
1202‧‧‧處理器
1204‧‧‧匯流排子系統
1206‧‧‧儲存子系統
1208‧‧‧記憶體子系統
1210‧‧‧檔案儲存子系統/檔案/磁碟儲存子系統
1212‧‧‧使用者介面輸入器件
1214‧‧‧使用者介面輸出器件
1216‧‧‧網路介面子系統
1218‧‧‧主隨機存取記憶體(RAM)
1220‧‧‧唯讀記憶體(ROM)
1300‧‧‧分散式系統
1302‧‧‧伺服器
1304‧‧‧遠端用戶端器件
1306‧‧‧網路
1400‧‧‧電子器件
1402‧‧‧輸入接收單元
1404‧‧‧顯示單元
1406‧‧‧處理單元
1408‧‧‧語言判定單元
1410‧‧‧文字轉語音轉換單元
1412-n‧‧‧語言合成單元
圖1描繪可併有一實施例的系統之簡圖；圖2描繪一簡化流程圖，該簡化流程圖描繪根據一些實施例的用於執行文字轉語音轉換之方法；圖3描繪一簡化流程圖，該簡化流程圖描繪根據一些實施例的用於判定用於執行文字轉語音轉換之一組語言之方法；圖4描繪一簡化流程圖，該簡化流程圖描繪根據一些實施例的用於針對文字產生語音之方法；圖5至圖11描繪根據一些實施例的包括關於文字轉語音轉換之可對使用者顯示的使用者介面之實例；圖12為根據一些實施例的可併有用於執行文字轉語音轉換之系統之組件的電腦系統之簡化方塊圖；及圖13描繪根據一些實施例的用於執行文字轉語音轉換之分散式系統之簡圖。
圖14說明根據一些實施例的電子器件之功能方塊圖。
在以下描述中，為了解釋之目的，闡述特定細節以便提供對本發明之實施例的透徹理解。然而，可在無此等特定細節之情況下實踐各種實施例將為顯而易見。
描述使使用者能夠自多國語言中選擇待用於執行文字轉語音轉換之一語言的某些實施例。在一些實施例中，可對使用者顯示多國語言。使用者可接著自多國語言選擇待使用之一特定語言。接著可將一段文字轉換至採用使用者選定語言的語音。
在一些實施例中，在判定多國語言符合條件以執行針對待轉換至語音的文字之一部分的文字轉語音轉換後，可將多國語言輸出至使用者。使用者可接著自多國語言選擇待使用之一特定語言。接著可使用對應於使用者選定語言的合成器將文字之部分轉換至採用使用者選定語言的語音。文字之部分可為將轉換至語音之全部文字，或其一子集，諸如，文字內之一或多個字元、文字內之一或多個字詞、文字內之一或多個句子及類似者。
圖1描繪可併有一實施例的系統100之簡圖。在圖1中描繪之實施例中，系統100包括多個子系統，該等子系統包括一文字轉語音子系統102、一試探式子系統104、一音訊輸出子系統106、一輸入/輸出(I/O)子系統108及一記憶體子系統122。可提供一或多個通信路徑，從而使該等子系統中之一或多者能夠彼此通信並互換資料。圖1中描繪之各種子系統可以軟體、以硬體或其組合來實施。在一些實施例中，軟體可儲存於暫時性或非暫時性電腦可讀媒體上，並由一或多個處理器來執行。
應瞭解，除描繪於圖1中之組件外，描繪於圖1中之系統100亦可具有其他組件。另外，展示於圖1中之實施例為可併有本發明之一實 施例的系統之僅一實例。在一些其他實施例中，系統100可具有比圖1中所展示多或少的組件，可組合兩個或兩個以上組件，或可具有組件之不同組態或配置。在一些實施例中，系統100可為諸如以下各者之攜帶型通信器件之部分：行動電話、智慧型手機或多功能器件。攜帶型器件之例示性實施例包括(但不限於)來自Apple Inc.(Cupertino,California)之iPhone®、iPod Touch®及iPad®器件。在一些其他實施例中，系統100亦可併入於其他器件中，諸如，桌上型電腦、公共資訊查詢站及類似者。
I/O子系統108提供允許使用者與系統100互動之一介面。I/O子系統108可使系統100能夠將資訊輸出至使用者。舉例而言，I/O子系統108可包括諸如監視器或螢幕的一顯示器件。I/O子系統108亦可使使用者能夠將輸入提供至系統100。I/O子系統108可包括允許使用者將輸入提供至系統100的一或多個輸入器件。輸入器件可包括(但不限於)滑鼠、指標、鍵盤或其他輸入器件。在一些實施例中，I/O子系統108可包括觸敏式介面(有時亦被稱作觸控式螢幕)，該觸敏式介面既可將資訊對使用者顯示且又接收來自使用者之輸入。
記憶體子系統122可經組態以儲存供本發明之一些實施例使用的資料及指令。在一些實施例中，記憶體122可包括揮發性記憶體，諸如，隨機存取記憶體或RAM(有時被稱作系統記憶體)。由系統100之一或多個處理器執行的指令或程式碼或程式可儲存於RAM中。記憶體122亦可包括非揮發性記憶體，諸如，一或多個儲存磁碟或器件、快閃記憶體或其他非揮發性記憶體器件。
在一些實施例中，協作地工作之試探式子系統104及文字轉語音子系統102對執行與文字轉語音轉換有關之處理負責。試探式子系統104經組態以接收待轉換至語音的文字128。文字128可經由I/O子系統108或自其他來源接收到。舉例而言，系統100之使用者可使用I/O子 系統108選擇文字，且接著針對選定文字起始文字轉語音轉換程序。
在一些實施例中，試探式子系統104分析文字128以判定適用於將文字128轉換至語音的一或多種語言。試探式子系統104可自可用於系統100之一組語言判定一或多種語言以用於執行文字轉語音轉換。可用於供系統100使用之該組語言可取決於可用之一或多個語言合成器112，每一合成器經針對一特定語言組態。在一實施例中，識別各種語言合成器112及其對應的語言之資訊可被提供至試探式子系統104，且可由試探式子系統104用以判定用於將一段特定文字轉換至語音之一或多種語言。
試探式子系統104可使用各段資訊110來判定適用於文字128之一或多種語言。在一些實施例中，基於試探法之分析可基於各種準則來執行以識別用於將文字128轉換至語音之一或多種語言。下文提供與可由試探式子系統104使用之各種準則及可使用準則中之一些之方式有關的另外細節。
除判定適用於將文字128轉換至語音之一或多種語言外，在一些實施例中，試探式子系統104亦經組態以判定是否存在任何語言歧義。出於本發明之目的，若判定可使用可用於文字轉語音轉換之多國語言將文字128之一部分轉換至語音，則存在語言歧義。由於每一語言對應於一特定語言合成器，因此當判定多國語言合成器可用於將文字之同一部分轉換至語音時，存在語言歧義。可引起語言歧義情形之文字128的部分可為全部文字128或文字128之一子集，諸如，文字128內之一或多個字元、文字128內之一或多個字詞、文字128內之一或多個句子及類似者。
舉例而言，在一實施例中，試探式子系統104可基於由試探式子系統104執行之分析來判定，對於文字128內的字詞之一集合，可使用英語語言合成器或法語語言合成器將字詞轉換至語音。由於一種以上 語言為用於將文字之同一部分轉換至語音的候選者，因此試探式子系統104可判定，存在針對此等字詞集合之語言歧義。
作為另一實例，試探式子系統104可偵測文字128內待轉換至語音之一組中文語言字元的出現。在處理此組字元後，試探式子系統104可判定，存在能夠讀取中文字元且將其轉換至語音的四種可用之分開語言合成器，即，普通話語言合成器、粵語語言合成器、上海話語言合成器及臺灣話語言合成器。換言之，試探式子系統104判定，存在可用於將該組中文字元轉換至語音的四種語言。再次，在此狀況下，試探式子系統104可判定，對於該組中文字元，存在語言歧義。
作為又一實例，試探式子系統104可基於由試探式子系統104執行之試探式分析判定，對於全部文字128，存在能夠讀取文字128且將文字128轉換至語音的兩種可用之分開語言合成器，即，法國法語語言合成器及加拿大法語語言合成器。換言之，試探式子系統104判定，存在可用於將文字128轉換至語音的兩種語言。再次，在此狀況下，試探式子系統104可判定，對於全部文字，存在語言歧義。
另外，一段特定文字可包含各自引起語言歧義之多個部分。因而，在一些情況下，待轉換至語音之文字128可被判定為具有多國語言歧義。舉例而言，待轉換至語音之文字可包括引起英語與法語之間的語言歧義之第一部分。同樣文字可包括不同於第一部分之第二部分，該第二部分引起普通話、粵語、上海話與臺灣話之間的語言歧義。此表示英語與法語之間的第一語言歧義，及普通話、粵語、上海話與臺灣話之間的第二語言歧義。因此，零或多個語言歧義可存在於待轉換至語音的文字中。
在執行語言歧義處理後，試探式子系統104便可接著基於是否偵測到存在語言歧義而對使用者顯示資訊。在試探式子系統104未偵測到任何語言歧義情形之狀況下，試探式子系統104可使資訊經由I/O子 系統108對使用者顯示，此允許使用者起始針對文字128之文字轉語音轉換。舉例而言，在一實施例中，可對使用者顯示「講話」選項。當試探式子系統104接收到使用者已選擇「講話」選項之指示時，信號可經發送至文字轉語音子系統102以起始文字轉語音轉換。試探式子系統104亦可將指示試探式子系統104已判定用於文字轉語音轉換的一或多種語言之資訊發送至文字轉語音子系統102。文字轉語音子系統102可接著使用對應於由試探式子系統104識別之一或多種語言的語言合成器來執行針對文字128之文字轉語音轉換。
在偵測到語言歧義之狀況下，探式子系統104可使資訊對使用者顯示以解決歧義。在一些實施例中，試探式子系統104可對使用者顯示「講話…」選項。在使用者選擇「講話…」選項後，試探式子系統104可針對每一語言歧義對使用者顯示識別引起歧義之多國語言的資訊經由I/O子系統108。可提示使用者自引起語言歧義之多國語言選擇用於執行文字轉語音轉換的一特定語言。舉例而言，若語言歧義在英語語言與法語語言之間，則在一實施例中，可對使用者顯示識別英語及法語作為候選語言且允許使用者選擇兩種語言中之一者用於執行文字轉語音轉換之選單。在使用者選擇一特定語言後，試探式子系統104便可將信號發送至文字轉語音子系統102，以起始使用該使用者選定語言之文字轉語音轉換。
如上文所指示，試探式子系統104將識別用於文字轉語音轉換的待由文字轉語音轉換使用之一或多種語言的資訊發送至文字轉語音子系統102。在偵測到語言歧義之狀況下，一或多種語言可包括使用者選定語言。在未偵測到語言歧義之狀況下，可將識別一或多個「非歧義」語言(亦即，不引起語言歧義之語言)的資訊發送至文字轉語音子系統102。在一些情況下，傳達至文字轉語音子系統102之資訊可包括使用者選定語言與非歧義語言之組合。文字轉語音轉換可接著使用由 試探式子系統104識別之一或多種語言將文字128轉換至語音。作為此文字轉語音轉換之部分，對於引起語言歧義的文字128之部分，該部分由文字轉語音子系統102使用對應於針對彼部分之使用者選定語言之語言合成器轉換至語音。
文字轉語音子系統102經組態以使用由試探式子系統104識別之一或多種語言將文字128轉換至語音。在圖1中描繪之實施例中，文字轉語音轉換包括一組語言合成器112及一合成器控制器120。在圖1中描繪之文字轉語音子系統102之各種組件可以軟體、以硬體或其組合來實施。在一些實施例中，文字轉語音子系統102可具有比圖1中描繪之組件多或少的組件。
在一些實施例中，語言合成器112包括可用於執行文字轉語音轉換之一或多個合成器。每一合成器可對應於可用於文字轉語音轉換之一特定語言(例如，針對第一語言之TTS合成器114、針對第二語言之TTS合成器116、針對第三語言之TTS合成器118等)。因此，語言合成器112中之該組合成器識別可用於使用系統100之文字轉語音轉換的各種語言。語言之實例包括(但不限於)英語、法語(在一些實施例中，法國法語及加拿大法語用作兩個分開之語言)、德語、日語、普通話、粵語、臺灣話、上海話及類似者。
在一些實施例中，合成器控制器120經組態以讀取文字128，且使用一或多個語言合成器112將文字轉換至語音。在圖4中描繪且在下文描述文字轉語音子系統102可將文字128轉換至語音之方式的實例。由文字轉語音子系統102產生之語音可呈音訊信號之形式，該等音訊信號可接著使用音訊輸出子系統106輸出作為語音124，音訊輸出子系統106可包括揚聲器。在一些實施例中，音訊信號可作為音訊檔案126(例如，.wav檔案)儲存於系統100之記憶體子系統122中。可接著使用音訊輸出子系統106將音訊檔案126作為語音輸出。
可以各種組態來提供描繪於圖1中之系統100。在一些實施例中，系統100可經組態為系統100之一或多個組件可為分散式且經由一或多個網路耦接的分散式系統。圖13描繪根據一些實施例的用於執行文字轉語音轉換之分散式系統1300之簡圖。在描繪於圖13中之實施例中，試探式子系統104及文字轉語音子系統102提供於伺服器1302上，該伺服器1302經由網路1306與遠端用戶端器件1304以通信方式耦接。
網路1306可包括一或多個通信網路，通信網路可為網際網路、區域網路(LAN)、廣域網路(WAN)、無線或有線網路、企業內部網路、私用網路、公眾網路、交換式網路或任何其他合適通信網路。網路1306可包括許多互連系統及通信鏈路，通信鏈路包括(但不限於)固線鏈路、光學鏈路、衛星或其他無線通信鏈路、波傳播鏈路或用於傳達資訊之任何其他方式。可使用各種通信協定來促進資訊經由網路1306之傳達，該等通信協定包括(但不限於)TCP/IP、HTTP協定、可延伸性標示語言(XML)、無線應用協定(WAP)、處於產業標準組織開發中之協定、供應商特定協定、定製協定及其他。
在圖13中描繪之組態中，用戶端器件1304之使用者可使用器件1304來選擇待轉換至語音的文字。在選擇文字後，便可經由網路1306將文字傳達至伺服器1302。位於伺服器1302上之試探式子系統104可接著執行分析以判定待用於將文字轉換至語音的一或多種語言。在一些實施例中，由試探式子系統104用於執行分析的資訊亦可自用戶端器件1304傳達至伺服器1302。在一些實施例中，伺服器1302亦可儲存用於分析之資訊中的一些，或可經由網路1306自可能連接至伺服器1302的其他來源收集資訊。作為分析之部分，試探式子系統104亦可判定，是否存在任何語言歧義。試探式子系統104可接著使由用戶端器件1304來顯示適當使用者介面。舉例而言，若未判定出語言歧義，則可經由用戶端器件1304之輸出介面對使用者顯示「講話」選項。若 偵測到一或多個語言歧義，則試探式子系統104可經由用戶端器件1304對使用者顯示「講話…」。在使用者選擇「講話…」後，便可對使用者顯示語言之清單。使用者可接著使用用戶端器件1304來選擇一特定語言。識別任何使用者選定語言及由試探式子系統104識別的任何其他非歧義語言之資訊可接著被傳達至伺服器1302上的文字轉語音子系統102。文字轉語音子系統102可接著產生針對文字之語音，且可將語音傳達至用戶端器件1304，用於使用用戶端器件1304之揚聲器輸出至使用者。
在圖13中描繪之組態中，文字轉語音子系統102及試探式子系統104位於用戶端器件1304遠端。包括文字轉語音子系統102及試探式子系統104之伺服器1302為用戶端1304提供文字轉語音轉換服務。在一些實施例中，伺服器1302可為多個用戶端提供文字轉語音轉換服務。可同時或以串行化方式伺服多個用戶端。在一些實施例中，由伺服器1302提供之服務可作為基於網頁之服務或雲端服務或者依據軟體即服務(SaaS)模型來給予。
應瞭解，可與圖13中所描繪之分散式系統1300不同的各種不同分散式系統組態係可能的。舉例而言，在一些實施例中，文字轉語音子系統102及試探式子系統104亦可彼此位置遠離。圖13中展示之實施例因此僅為可併有一些實施例的系統之僅一個實施，且並不意欲為限制性的。
圖2描繪一簡化流程圖200，該簡化流程圖200描繪根據一些實施例的用於執行文字轉語音轉換之方法。圖2中描繪之處理可以由一或多個處理器執行之軟體(例如，程式碼、指令、程式)、硬體或其組合來實施。軟體可儲存於非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體上。圖2中描繪之處理步驟的特定系列並不意欲為限制性的。
如圖2中所描繪，在接收到待轉換至語音之文字後便可於202處 起始該方法。存在識別待轉換至語音之文字的各種方式。在一些實施例中，使用者使用(例如)I/O子系統108僅對文字之選擇可觸發圖2中描繪之流程圖200。舉例而言，使用者可使用諸如iPhone®或iPad®之器件上的觸控式螢幕選擇文字，且此可使圖2中之處理被起始。
在204處，執行分析以識別一或多種語言之一集合，該等語言可適用，且可用以將在202中接收到之文字轉換至語音。在一些實施例中，在204中執行之分析可包括基於系統100可用或提供至系統100之資訊的基於試探法之分析。下文關於圖3中描繪之流程圖300來描述在一些實施例中與204中執行之分析有關的細節。
在206處，判定是否存在語言歧義。出於本發明之目的，若可使用可用於文字轉語音轉換之多國語言將在202中接收到之文字的一部分轉換至語音，則存在語言歧義。由於每一語言對應於一特定語言合成器，因此當多國語言合成器可用於將在202中接收到之文字之相同部分轉換至語音時，存在語言歧義。
引起語言歧義之文字128的部分可為全部文字或文字之子集，諸如，202中接收到之文字內的一或多個字元、202中接收到之文字內的一或多個字詞、202中接收到之文字內的一或多個句子及類似者。舉例而言，如較早先所描述，若判定文字128內之一或多個字詞可轉換至採用英語(使用英語語言合成器)或採用法語(使用法語語言合成器)的語音，則可存在語言歧義。作為另一實例，若在206中判定存在用於將一組中文語言字元轉換至語音的多國語言候選者(例如，普通話、粵語、上海話及臺灣話)及對應的語言合成器，則可存在語言歧義。另外，如先前所描述，一段特定文字可引起多國語言歧義。舉例而言，當待轉換至語音之文字包括各自引起語言歧義的多個部分時，此可發生。
因而，待轉換至語音之文字可使零或多個語言歧義發生。在206 中執行偵測任何語言歧義之處理。在一些實施例中，關於204中識別之語言歧義及一或多種語言，以下情境可發生：
(1)識別用於將全部文字轉換至語音的單一語言，在該狀況下，不存在語言歧義。
(2)識別多國語言，但不存在語言歧義。當待轉換至語音之文字包括多個部分且針對每一部分判定非歧義語言時，此可發生。舉例而言，可針對在202中接收到之文字的第一部分判定第一語言，且可針對在202中接收到之文字的第二部分判定第二語言，其中第一與第二部分不重疊。由於針對文字之每一部分判定僅一種語言，因此不存在語言歧義。請注意，多國語言之判定自身並不引起語言歧義。為了解釋之目的，並非一組歧義語言之部分的語言被稱作非歧義語言。
(3)識別包括一或多個非歧義語言及引起一或多個語言歧義之語言的多國語言。舉例而言，可針對在202中接收到之文字的第一部分判定第一語言(無語言歧義)，且可針對在202中接收到之文字的第二部分判定多國語言，從而導致針對第二部分的語言歧義。
(4)識別不包括任何非歧義語言但包括引起一或多個語言歧義之語言的多國語言。舉例而言，可針對在202中接收到之文字的第一部分判定第一語言及第二語言，且可針對在202中接收到之文字的第二部分判定多國語言，從而導致引起針對第一部分及第二部分之語言歧義的兩組語言。
(5)未識別到語言。此指示系統未能找到可讀取在202中接收到之文字並將該文字轉換至語音的語言合成器。在此狀況(圖2中未展示)下，處理結束，且可對使用者顯示不能針對該選定文字執行文字轉語音轉換之訊息。
在一些實施例中，若存在任何語言歧義，則處理繼續進行216，否則處理繼續進行208。
若在206中判定無語言歧義存在，則在208處可對使用者顯示令使用者能夠起始在202中接收到之文字的文字轉語音轉換之資訊。舉例而言，在一些實施例中，可對使用者顯示「講話」選項。在於210處接收到指示「講話」選項之選擇的使用者輸入後，便可使用在204中判定之一或多種語言及其對應語言合成器在212處執行針對在202中接收到之文字的文字轉語音轉換。在214處，可將212中產生之語音輸出至使用者。舉例而言，可使用諸如揚聲器之音訊輸出器件來輸出語音。
回到206，若替代地判定存在語言歧義，則可對使用者顯示允許使用者選擇一特定語言並解決歧義之資訊。舉例而言，在216處可對使用者顯示「講話…」選項。「講話…」選項指示，在可起始文字轉語音轉換前使用者必須提供一些輸入。
在218處，可接收指示使用者已選擇「講話…」選項之資訊。在220處，對於每一語言歧義，可對使用者顯示識別引起語言歧義之多國語言且允許使用者自多國語言選擇用於執行文字轉語音轉換之一特定語言的資訊。因此，在220中，可對使用者顯示允許使用者提供輸入以解決所有語言歧義之資訊。舉例而言，若語言歧義係在英語語言與法語語言之間，則可對使用者顯示識別英語及法語且允許使用者選擇兩種語言中之一者用於執行文字轉語音轉換的資訊。
若存在多國語言歧義，則可顯示針對每一語言歧義之資訊，使得使用者可選擇一特定語言來解決彼語言歧義。舉例而言，除英語與法語之間的語言歧義外，若存在歸因於普通話、粵語、上海話及臺灣話之另一語言歧義，則可將識別英語及法語且允許使用者選擇兩種語言中之一者用於執行文字轉語音轉換之資訊對使用者顯示，且另外，可對使用者顯示識別普通話、粵語、上海話及臺灣話且允許使用者選擇四種語言中之一者用於執行文字轉語音轉換之資訊。
在222處，可自使用者接收識別由使用者選擇用於執行文字轉語音轉換之一或多種語言的輸入。舉例而言，在222中可自使用者接收指示使用者已選擇了英語(在法語與英語之間)及普通話(在普通話、粵語、上海話與臺灣話之間)之資訊。
在224處，使用在222中由使用者選擇之任何語言及204中識別之任何其他非歧義語言將在202中接收到之文字轉換至語音。對於每一語言，對應的語言合成器用以將文字之一部分轉換成採用彼語言的語音。舉例而言，對於導致英語與法語之間的語言歧義的文字之一部分，若使用者在222中選擇了法語，則使用法語語言合成器將文字之彼部分轉換至語音。在214處，所產生之語音可接著經由諸如揚聲器之音訊輸出器件輸出至使用者。
如上文所描述，在一些實施例中，當偵測到語言歧義時，允許使用者藉由自引起語言歧義之多國語言選擇一特定語言來解決語言歧義。以此方式，允許使用者按使用者之選擇來選取用於文字轉語音轉換的語言。
如上文所描述，在204中，執行分析以判定可用以將文字轉換至語音的一或多種語言。圖3描繪一簡化流程圖300，該簡化流程圖300描繪根據一些實施例的用於判定用於執行文字轉語音轉換之一或多種語言之方法。圖3中描繪之處理可以由一或多個處理器執行之軟體(例如，程式碼、指令、程式)、硬體或其組合來實施。軟體可儲存於非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體上。圖3中描繪之處理步驟的特定系列並不意欲為限制性的。在一實施例中，處理可由圖1中描繪之試探式子系統104執行。
在302處，各種準則可用以判定待用於將文字轉換至語音的一組語言。在一些實施例中，可使用以下準則以(但不限於)在302中識別用於將文字轉換至語音之語言候選者。
(1)載入之鍵盤-併有系統100的諸如iPhone®之器件可具有對應於載入之一或多種語言的一或多個鍵盤。舉例而言，iPhone®可具有載入之法語鍵盤及英語鍵盤。此資訊可用以識別待用於執行文字轉語音轉換的語言。此處假定，若使用者已載入了一特定語言鍵盤，則存在使用者可能想要使用彼特定語言執行文字轉語音轉換的較高可能性。
(2)語言標籤-在一些實施例中，識別針對文字之一或多種語言的標籤可與待轉換至語音之文字相關聯。多個標籤可用以識別多國語言。在一些實施例中，諸如XML或HTML之加標籤語言可用以提供標籤。舉例而言，在HTML中，「lang」屬性標籤可用以指示文字之語言。在XML中，「xml：language」屬性標籤可用以指示文字之語言。舉例而言，標籤通常由常將標籤插入於網頁中以傳送與網頁相關之額外資訊的網頁設計者使用。此等標籤中之一或多者可用以識別與網頁上提供之內容相關聯的語言。因此，若由使用者選擇待轉換至語音的文字係來自網頁，則可對該網頁進行分析以判定是否存在針對識別選定文字或其部分之任何語言的與文字相關聯的任何標籤。標籤資訊(若可用)可接著用以識別待用於文字轉語音轉換之一或多種語言。在一些實施例中，根據RFC 5646提供之標籤亦可用以識別待使用的語言。
(3)語言分析工具(或語言標註器)-可分析一段文字並判定一或多種相關聯之語言的語言分析工具為可用的。此工具識別之語言可接著用以識別用於針對文字或其一部分執行文字轉語音轉換的一或多種語言。通常，來自語言分析工具之結果的可靠性視正分析之文字的長度而定-文字愈長，則結果通常愈可靠。因而，給予至自語言分析工具獲得之結果的權重可取決於正分析之文字的長度。通常，若文字短於300個字詞，則結果不被視作非常可靠的。
(4)應用程式特定資料-一些應用程式可提供與其內容相關聯之資訊或具有該資訊，該資訊可用以判定由彼應用程式引起之文字的語言。因而，由應用程式提供之與文字相關聯的資料可用以判定待用於該文字之一或多種語言。舉例而言，對於傳訊應用程式中之文字訊息，可分析發送者之電話號碼以判定所使用之國碼及對應的國家，國碼及對應的國家又可用以判定待用於文字訊息之語言。作為另一實例，對於電子郵件訊息，發送者之國碼或電子郵件源自之國家的域名可經判定，且用以判定待用於電子郵件或其一部分之文字轉語音轉換的語言。作為又一實例，對於自網頁選擇之文字，與主控網頁之網站相關聯的網域可用以判定待用於將文字轉換至語音的語言。
(5)基於Unicode或其他字元之編碼-Unicode標準為經設計以支援相異語言之所撰寫文字的全球互換、處理及顯示的字元編碼系統。Unicode標準針對每一字元提供唯一數字而與語言無關。因此，對於已根據Unicode標準編碼之文字，與文字中之每一字元相關聯的Unicode數字可用以判定待與字元相關聯的語言。針對待轉換至語音之文字中之字元的逐字元Unicode分析可經執行以判定待用於文字轉語音轉換的語言。在一些實施例中，與文字中之字元相關聯的其他字元有關編碼資訊可用以識別與字元相關聯的語言。
(6)使用者偏好及歷史-若可用，則與使用者之偏好或過去語言選擇有關的資訊可用於判定待用於文字轉語音轉換的語言。舉例而言，使用者之偏好或歷史資訊可指示，使用者之語言偏好經設定為法語，或使用者已重複地選擇法語作為選擇之語言。此資訊可接著用以識別待用於文字轉語音轉換之語言，且法語可經選擇以包括於用於文字轉語音轉換之候選語言的清單中。
(7)文字之來源-若與文字之來源有關的資訊為可用的，則彼資訊可用以識別待用於文字轉語音轉換的一或多種語言。舉例而言，若 針對文字轉語音轉換選擇之文字係來自由使用者接收到之電子郵件，則識別電子郵件之發送者的資訊可用以判定待使用之語言。舉例而言，若針對文字轉語音轉換選擇之文字為電子郵件之部分，則電子郵件之發送者資訊可用以判定待用於文字轉語音轉換的一特定語言。
(8)國碼頂層網域(ccTLD)-國碼頂層網域(ccTLD)為通常用於國家、主權國或附屬領土或為前述三者預留之網際網路頂層網域。此等國碼頂層網域通常為兩個字母長，且可與諸如瀏覽器或網域之應用程式相關聯。ccTLD之實例包括(但不限於)：用於美國之.us、用於日本之.jp、用於法國之.fr等。當可用於正被轉換至語音之文字時，此等ccTLD可用以識別對應的國家及待用於將文字轉換至語音之對應的語言。
(9)全球定位系統(GPS)資訊-大量器件(尤其行動器件)現含有GPS晶片，該等GPS晶片能夠提供關於器件之位置的資訊且因此提供器件之使用者的位置。因而，若指示正執行文字轉語音轉換所來自之使用者的位置或指示用於選擇轉換至語音之文字之器件的位置之GPS資訊為可用的，則此資訊可用於判定待用於文字轉語音轉換的一或多種語言。舉例而言，若GPS資訊指示使用者在墨西哥，則可選擇西班牙語作為用於執行文字轉語音轉換之語言。
上文識別之準則的清單並非意欲為詳盡或限制性的。在一些其他實施例中，可使用多於或少於上文所描述之準則的準則。另外，使用各種準則之方式在實施例間亦有變化。舉例而言，在一實施例中，每一準則可獨立於其他準則來使用以識別用於將文字轉換至語音的零或多種可能語言候選者。在此實施例中，在302中，可自針對每一準則執行之分析來識別零或多個語言候選者之一集合。在另一實施例中，在302中，可組合兩個或兩個以上準則以識別候選語言。基於準則之處理可並行地、以串行化方式或其組合來執行。
在302中執行之處理產生作為用於將文字轉換至語音之潛在候選者的零或多種語言之清單。在一些實施例中，若在清單中存在多國語言，或在此清單中存在任何語言歧義，則在304中可進行嘗試以解決語言歧義，或在不可解決歧義情況下減少語言歧義中所涉及的語言之數目。舉例而言，若在302中產生之清單包括由多國語言引起之語言歧義，則在304中進行嘗試以基於以試探法為基礎之分析來解決此語言歧義。若不可解決語言歧義，則基於以試探法為基礎之分析進行嘗試以減少引起歧義的語言之數目。因此，在304中可執行向下過濾在302中產生之候選語言之清單的處理。在304中之處理完成後，處理繼續圖2中之206。
各種不同準則可用於執行304中之處理。在一些實施例中，用於304中之處理的準則可包括302(及上文上描述)中使用之準則中的一或多者，或302中未使用之其他準則。在一個此實施例中，可使用加權減少候選語言的清單。在一個此實施例中，權重可經計算，且指派至302中使用之每一準則。與準則相關聯之權重可接著用以保持或濾出基於彼準則識別的一或多種語言。舉例而言，若與一特定準則相關聯之權重不滿足某一可組態臨限值，則可濾出使用該準則識別之語言。
舉例而言，在一實施例中，在302中產生之語言的清單可包括基於自語言分析工具獲得之結果判定的一或多種語言。如上文所指示，來自此工具之結果的可靠性與分析的文字之長度成正比，且(例如)若文字長度小於300個字詞，則可為不可靠的。因此，在304中，可進行關於分析的文字之長度的判定，且基於所判定之長度，可向此準則指派權重，使得使用此準則識別之語言在文字之長度不高於某一臨限值情況下被濾出。舉例而言，若分析的文字之長度經判定為小於300個字詞，則基於來自此工具之結果識別之一或多種語言可被濾出。
作為另一實例，與使用者之偏好及歷史有關的資訊可用以向下 過濾在302中產生的候選語言之清單。舉例而言，使用者之偏好或歷史資訊可指示使用者之語言偏好經設定為法語，或使用者已重複地選擇法語作為選擇之語言。因此，若存在英語與法語之間的語言歧義，則在304中可藉由選擇法語而非英語作為用於文字轉語音轉換的語言來解決歧義。在此情境下，英語將自候選語言之清單濾出。
作為又一實例，使用者之偏好可包括場所偏好。舉例而言，使用者之場所偏好可設定為臺灣。在此情境下，若在普通話語言、粵語語言、上海話語言與臺灣話語言之間存在語言歧義，則由於使用者之場所偏好，臺灣話將被識別為使用之語言，且可濾出普通話、粵語及上海話。
在一些實施例中，在識別待用於文字轉語音轉換之語言中，可對某些準則給予比其他因素大的權重。舉例而言，在一些實施例中，各種因素之重要性可如下(按遞減之重要性次序)：與Unicode或其他字元有關之資訊、載入之鍵盤、與文字相關聯之標籤及來自語言分析工具的結果。
如先前所描述，在一些實施例中，待用於文字轉語音轉換之一或多種語言的清單由試探式子系統104轉遞至文字轉語音子系統102。此清單可包括零或多種非歧義語言及一或多種使用者選定語言(在偵測到任何語言歧義之情況下)。文字轉語音子系統102接著使用此等語言來執行圖2中之212或224中的文字轉語音轉換。
圖4描繪一簡化流程圖400，該簡化流程圖400描繪根據一些實施例的用於針對文字產生語音之方法。圖4中描繪之處理可以由一或多個處理器執行之軟體(例如，程式碼、指令、程式)、硬體或其組合來實施。軟體可儲存於非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體上。圖4中描繪之處理步驟的特定系列並不意欲為限制性的。在一實施例中，處理可由圖1中描繪之文字轉語音子系統102執行。
在402，可讀取來自待轉換至語音之文字的第一字元。在404，判定待用於將所讀取字元轉換至語音的語言。在一實施例中，語言係選自由試探式子系統104提供之語言的清單。在404中針對所讀取字元選擇之語言可為非歧義語言，或若字元係自文字之引起語言歧義的部分讀取，則可為由使用者選擇用於彼部分之語言。
在406，選定語言與所讀取字元相關聯。各種技術可用於使選定語言與字元相關聯。在一實施例中，關聯資訊可儲存於記憶體中。
在408，進行是否已處理了待轉換至語音之文字中的所有字元之判定。若在408中判定已處理了所有字元，則其指示已處理了全部文字，且處理繼續416。若在408中判定尚未處理完所有字元，則其指示文字中存在需要進行處理之額外字元，且在410，自文字讀取下一字元。
在412，進行當前選定語言(亦即，針對先前讀取字元選擇之語言)是否可用以講出在410中讀取之字元的判定。在一些實施例中，歸因於各種原因，先前選定語言可能不用以講出410中讀取之字元。在一實例中，對應於與先前讀取之字元相關聯的語言之語言合成器可能不能讀取且講出在410中讀取之下一字元。舉例而言，先前字元可能已為英語字元，且410中讀取之下一字元為中文字元。在另一實例中，先前字元可已與非歧義語言相關聯，且在410中讀取之下一字元係來自文字之歧義部分且將與使用者選定語言相關聯，其中使用者選定語言不同於針對先前字元的非歧義語言。
若在412中判定當前選定語言可用以講出在410中讀取之字元，則處理繼續406。若在412中判定，當前選定語言不可用以讀取在410中讀取之字元，則在414，判定待用於將在410中讀取之字元轉換至語音的新語言。新語言可為非歧義語言或使用者選定語言。處理接著繼續406，其中使選定語言與字元相關聯。
以上文所描述之方式，處理繼續，直至文字中之所有字元已經處理且使一語言與該等字元相關聯為止。在已處理了所有字元後，在416，判定文字內具有共同關聯語言的一或多個字元之範圍，且對於每一範圍，與範圍中之一或多個字元相關聯的語言係與該範圍相關聯。舉例而言，文字可包含具具有英語作為相關聯之語言的字元之第一部分，及具有具日語作為相關聯之語言的字元之第二部分。在此實例中，第一部分中之字元可表示其中英語作為相關聯之語言的字元之第一範圍，且第二部分中之字元表示其中日語作為相關聯之語言的第二範圍。
在418，針對文字產生語音。文字轉語音轉換過程包括對於416中判定之每一範圍使用對應於與彼範圍相關聯之語言的語言合成器將範圍中之字元轉換至語音。舉例而言，對於具有英語作為相關聯之語言的字元之範圍，使用英語語言合成器將字元之範圍轉換至語音。可接著在420中輸出在418中針對文字產生之語音。舉例而言，可使用諸如揚聲器之音訊輸出器件來輸出產生之語音。
在於圖4中描繪且所描述之實施例中，基於逐個位元及與每一字元相關聯之語言來讀取待轉換至語音的文字。當在文字中遇到不可藉由當前選擇之語言轉換至語音的字元時，可讀取字元且將字元轉換至語音之新語言經自動選擇且與字元相關聯。以此方式，可基於逐字元分析使多國語言與待轉換至語音之文字的不同部分相關聯。另外，此分析使語言合成器能夠被自動選擇且切換以促進文字轉語音之轉換。舉例而言，若英語語言合成器當前被選擇且用以執行文字轉語音轉換，則在遇到文字中的中文字元之範圍之後，用於文字轉語音轉換之語言合成器便自英語語言合成器自動地轉換至可將中文字元轉換至語音的語言合成器，且新選定語言合成器用以將中文字元轉換至語音。稍後，若在正轉換至語音之文字中遭遇到英文字元之另一範圍，則用 於文字轉語音轉換之語言合成器可自中文語言合成器自動地切換至英語語言合成器且用以將英文字元之範圍轉換至語音。以此方式，在一些實施例中，自動且適當地切換用於文字轉語音轉換之語言合成器。
圖5至圖11描繪根據一些實施例的包括關於文字轉語音轉換之可對使用者顯示的使用者介面之實例。此等圖中描繪之使用者介面可(例如)顯示於諸如iPhone®、iPad®等之器件上。圖5至圖11中描繪之實例並不意欲為限制性的。
在描繪於圖5中之實例中，使用者已選擇了文字502。回應於使用者選擇，對使用者顯示圖說文字選單504。圖說文字選單504包括「講話」選項506。「講話」選項506之顯示指示，由試探式子系統104進行的對文字502之分析並不指示任何語言歧義。使用者可藉由長按「講話」選項506來起始對文字502的文字轉語音轉換。
在圖6中描繪之實例中，使用者已選擇了文字602，文字602與圖5中之文字502相同。回應於使用者選擇，對使用者顯示圖說文字選單604。然而，不同於圖5，圖6中之圖說文字選單604顯示「講話…」選項606。「講話…」選項606之顯示指示由試探式子系統104進行的對文字602對分析指示存在語言歧義。使用者可長按圖6中之選項606，且此可使圖7中描繪之圖說文字選單702被顯示。如圖7中所展示，圖說文字選單702識別引起語言歧義之兩種語言--英語704及法語706。使用者可接著選擇英語704或法語706中之一者，且在選擇之後使用選定語音及對應的語言合成器來起始針對文字602的文字轉語音轉換。
請注意，儘管在圖5及圖6中針對文字轉語音轉換選擇了同一文字，但所得試探式分析產生兩種不同結果。可已已係因為在圖5中描繪之實例中，語言標註器可已將英語指示為語言，且任何其他試探式準則未識別到其他語言。然而，在圖6中描繪之實例中，語言標註器可已產生英語作為候選語言，但同時，可已載入了法語鍵盤，藉此產 生法語作為另一可能候選語言，從而導致語言歧義。為了解決語言歧義，如在圖7中，將兩種語言對使用者顯示，且使用者可接著選擇特定語言使用。舉例而言，若使用者選擇英語704，則使用英語語言合成器來執行對文字602之文字轉語音轉換。另一方面，若使用者選擇法語706，則使用法語語言合成器來執行對文字602之文字轉語音轉換。
在圖8中描繪之實例中，使用者已選擇了文字802。回應於使用者選擇，對使用者顯示包括「講話…」選項806之圖說文字選單804。「講話…」選項806之顯示指示，由試探式子系統104進行的對文字802之分析指示存在語言歧義。使用者可長按圖8中之選項806，且此可使圖9中描繪之圖說文字選單902被顯示。如圖9中所展示，圖說文字選單902識別兩個使用者可選擇之選項：英語與日語904及法語與日語906。在此情境下，英語語言與法語語言正引起語言歧義，且已將日語識別為非歧義語言。此可已係因為文字802之分析指示其包括兩個區段808及810。對於區段808，可將英語及法語兩者識別為用於文字轉語音轉換之候選語言，從而導致語言歧義。對於區段810，可將僅日語識別為語言，且結果，不存在關於區段810之歧義。使用者可接著選擇英語與日語904或法語與日語906中之一者，且在選擇後使用選定語言及對應的語言合成器來起始針對文字802的文字轉語音轉換。若選擇了英語與日語904，則使用英語語言合成器將區段808中之文字轉換至語音，且使用日語語言合成器將區段810中之文字(包括日語字元)轉換至語音。
在圖9中描繪之實例中，當執行文字轉語音轉換時，文字轉語音子系統102使用英語語言合成器，直至在文字中遇到日語字元，且在遇到日語字元後，自動地切換至使用日語語言合成器。
在圖10中描繪之實例中，使用者已選擇了包括中文字元之文字 1002。回應於使用者選擇，對使用者顯示包括「講話…」選項1006之圖說文字選單1004。「講話…」選項1006之顯示指示由試探式子系統104進行的對文字1002之分析指示存在語言歧義。舉例而言，試探式子系統104可判定文字1002包括可以普通話、粵語或臺灣話講出之中文字元，且此語言歧義不可使用試探法來解決。當使用者長按圖10中之選項1006時，可顯示如圖11中描繪之圖說文字選單1102。如圖11中所展示，圖說文字選單1102包括對應於引起歧義之三種語言的三種使用者可選擇之選項，即，普通話1104、粵語1106及臺灣話1108。使用者可接著自圖說文字選單1102選擇普通話1104、粵語1106及臺灣話1108中之一者，且使用對應於使用者之選擇的語言合成器將文字1002轉換至語音。
在一些實施例中，使用者對特定語言之選擇可作為使用者偏好資訊之部分儲存。舉例而言，對於圖10及圖11中描繪之實例，若使用者選擇普通話1104用於文字轉語音轉換，則此偏好可作為使用者之偏好的部分儲存，且用於後續語言分析。舉例而言，下次使用者選擇中文文字時，可使用包括使用者之偏好的試探法來自動解決普通話、粵語與臺灣話之間的語言歧義。在此情境下，普通話可經自動選擇且用於文字轉語音轉換。結果，使用者不必進行另一語言選擇。以此方式，使用者之過去的選擇可影響用於文字轉語音轉換之將來語言選擇。
在一些實施例中，可清除使用者進行之先前語言選擇，藉此允許使用者進行新的可能改變之選擇。舉例而言，使用者先前可能已選擇了加拿大法語而非法國法語作為選擇之語言。可提供使使用者能夠重設此選擇之選項。在一實施例中，可提供可接通或關斷的使用者可選擇之切換特徵「講話選擇」，且狀態之改變使使用者之先前選擇被清除。
圖1中描繪之系統100可併入至各種系統及器件內。圖12為根據一些實施例的可併有系統100之組件的電腦系統1200之簡化方塊圖。如圖12中所展示，電腦系統1200包括一處理器1202，其經由匯流排子系統1204與許多周邊子系統通信。此等周邊子系統可包括：包括一記憶體子系統1208及一檔案儲存子系統1210之一儲存子系統1206、使用者介面輸入器件1212、使用者介面輸出器件1214及一網路介面子系統1216。
匯流排子系統1204提供用於讓電腦系統1200之各種組件及子系統按意願彼此通信的機制。儘管將匯流排子系統1204示意性地展示為單一匯流排，但匯流排子系統之替代性實施例可利用多個匯流排。
可實施為一或多個積體電路(例如，習知微處理器或微控制器)之處理器1202可控制電腦系統1200的操作。在各種實施例中，處理器1202可回應於程式碼執行多種程式，且可維持多個同時執行之程式或程序。在任一給定時刻，待執行之程式碼中之一些或全部可駐留於處理器1202中及/或儲存子系統1206中。經由合適的程式設計，處理器1202可提供用於執行文字轉語音轉換及分析之上文所描述的各種功能性。
網路介面子系統1216提供至其他電腦系統及網路之介面。網路介面子系統1216充當用於自來自電腦系統1200之其他系統接收資料且將資料傳輸至該等其他系統的介面。舉例而言，網路介面子系統1216可使電腦系統1200能夠經由網際網路連接至用戶端器件。在一些實施例中，網路介面1216可包括用於存取無線話音及/或資料網路(例如，使用蜂巢式電話技術，諸如3G、4G或EDGE之進階資料網路技術、Wi-Fi(IEEE 802.11系列標準)或其他行動通信技術或其任一組合)之射頻(RF)收發器組件、GPS接收器組件及/或其他組件。在一些實施例中，除無線介面外或替代無線介面，網路介面1216可提供有線網路連 接性(例如，乙太網路)。
使用者介面輸入器件1212可包括鍵盤、諸如滑鼠或軌跡球之指標器件、觸控墊或併入至顯示器內之觸控式螢幕、滾輪、點按式選盤、撥號盤、按鈕、開關、小鍵盤、音訊輸入器件(諸如，話音辨識系統、麥克風)及其他類型之輸入器件。一般而言，術語「輸入器件」之使用意欲包括用於將資訊輸入至電腦系統1200之所有可能類型之器件及機構。舉例而言，在iPhone®中，使用者輸入器件1212可包括由iPhone®提供之一或多個按鈕、觸控式螢幕及類似者。使用者可使用輸入器件1212中之一或多者提供關於選擇哪一語言用於文字轉語音轉換的輸入。使用者亦可使用輸入器件1212中之一或多者來選擇待轉換至語音的文字。
使用者介面輸出器件1214可包括顯示子系統、指示燈或諸如音訊輸出器件之非視覺顯示器等。顯示子系統可為陰極射線管(CRT)、諸如液晶顯示器(LCD)之平板器件、投影器件、觸控式螢幕及類似者。一般而言，術語「輸出器件」之使用意欲包括用於自電腦系統1200輸出資訊的所有可能類型之器件及機構。舉例而言，可經由輸出器件對使用者顯示用於選擇待用於文字轉語音轉換之語言的選單及其他選項。另外，可經由音訊輸出器件輸出語音。
儲存子系統1206提供用於儲存基本程式設計及資料構造之電腦可讀儲存媒體，基本程式設計及資料構造提供一些實施例的功能性。儲存子系統1206可(例如)使用磁碟、快閃記憶體或任何其他儲存媒體以任何組合來實施，且按需要可包括揮發性及/或非揮發性儲存器。在由處理器執行時提供上述功能性的軟體(程式、程式碼模組、指令)可儲存於儲存子系統1206中。此等軟體模組或指令可由處理器1202執行。儲存子系統1206亦可提供用於儲存根據本發明使用之資料的儲存庫。儲存子系統1206可包括記憶體子系統1208及檔案/磁碟儲存子系 統1210。
記憶體子系統1208可包括許多記憶體，該等記憶體包括用於在程式執行期間儲存指令及資料的主隨機存取記憶體(RAM)1218，及儲存固定指令的唯讀記憶體(ROM)1220。檔案儲存子系統1210提供程式及資料檔案之持久(非揮發性)儲存，且可包括硬碟機、軟碟機連同關聯抽取式媒體、緊密光碟唯讀記憶體(CD-ROM)機、光碟機、抽取式媒體匣及其他類似儲存媒體。
電腦系統1200可具有各種類型，包括個人電腦、攜帶型器件(例如，iPhone®、iPad®)、工作站、網路電腦、大型電腦、公共資訊查詢站、伺服器或任何其他資料處理系統。歸因於電腦及網路之不斷改變之性質，圖12中描繪之電腦系統1200的描述意欲僅作為一特定實例。具有比圖12中描繪之系統多或少的組件之許多其他組態係可能的。
根據一些實施例，圖14展示根據本發明之如上文所描述之原理組態的電子器件1400之功能方塊圖。器件之功能區塊可藉由硬體、軟體或硬體與軟體之組合來實施以進行本發明之原理。熟習此項技術者應理解，可組合圖14中所描述之功能區塊或將其分成子區塊以實施如上文所描述的本發明之原理。因此，文字中之描述可支援本文中所描述之功能區塊之任何可能組合或分開或進一步定義。
如圖14中所展示，電子器件1400包括各自耦接至處理單元1406之一輸入接收單元1402及一顯示單元1404。在一些實施中，處理單元1406包括語言判定單元1408及文字轉語音轉換單元1410。在一些實施中，文字轉語音轉換單元1410包括一或多個語言合成單元1412-n。
處理單元1406經組態以判定用於將文字轉換至語音之一組語言(例如，藉由語言判定單元1408)，該組語言包含用於將該文字之一部分轉換至語音的複數個候選語言。顯示單元1404經組態以使複數種候 選語言被顯示。輸入接收單元1402經組態以接收指示自複數種候選語言選擇第一候選語言之輸入。處理單元1406經進一步組態以將文字轉換至語音(例如，藉由文字轉語音轉換單元1410及/或語言合成單元1412-n中之一或多者)，轉換包含將文字之部分轉換至採用第一候選語言之語音。在一些實施中，文字之部分為全部文字或文字之一子集。
在一些實施中，處理單元1406經進一步組態以使用對應於第一候選語言之語言合成單元(例如，語言合成單元1412-n中之一者)將文字之部分轉換至採用第一候選語言的語音以產生針對文字之該部分的語音。
在一些實施中，處理單元1406經組態以藉由以下操作將語音轉換至文字：使用第一語言合成單元(例如，語言合成單元1412-n中之第一者)將文字中之第一字元轉換至語音；及使用不同於第一語言合成單元之第二語言合成單元(例如，語言合成單元1412-n中之第二者)將文字中在第一字元後的第二字元轉換至語音。
在一些實施中，處理單元1406經組態以(例如，藉由語言判定單元1408)：讀取文字中之第一字元；判定待用於將第一字元轉換至語音之第一語言；使第一語言與第一字元相關聯；讀取文字中之第二字元，第二字元在第一字元後；判定待用於將第二字元轉換至語音之第二語言，其中第二語言不同於第一語言；及使第二語言與第二字元相關聯。
在一些實施中，處理單元1406經組態以(例如，藉由語言判定單元1408)：基於一或多個載入之鍵盤判定待包括於該組語言中的語言；基於與文字相關聯之一或多個標籤判定待包括於該組語言中的語言；基於由一語言分析工具在文字之分析後識別的一或多種語言判定待包括於該組語言中的語言；基於由與文字相關聯之一應用程式提供 的資料判定待包括於該組語言中的語言；或基於與文字中之一或多個字元相關聯的編碼資訊判定待包括於該組語言中的語言；或以任何組合執行此等操作中之任一者。
在一些實施中，處理單元1406經組態以(例如，藉由語言判定單元1408)：基於一或多個使用者偏好判定待包括於該組語言中的語言；基於針對先前文字轉語音轉換選擇之一語言判定待包括於該組語言中的語言；基於文字之來源判定待包括於該組語言中的語言；基於與文字相關聯之國碼頂層網域資訊判定待包括於該組語言中的語言；或基於全球定位系統(GPS)資訊判定待包括於該組語言中的語言。
在一些實施中，處理單元1406經組態以(例如，藉由語言判定單元1408)：判定用於將文字轉換至語音的語言之第一清單；及藉由自語言之第一清單濾出至少一種語言自語言之第一清單判定語言之第二清單。
上文所描述之各種實施例可使用專用組件及/或可程式化處理器及/或其他可程式化器件的任何組合來實現。各種實施例可僅以硬體或僅以軟體或使用其組合來實施。本文中所描述之各種程序可實施於同一處理器上或呈任一組合的不同處理器上。因此，在將組件描述為經組態以執行某些操作的情況下，可(例如)藉由設計電子電路以執行操作、藉由程式化可程式化電子電路(諸如，微處理器)來執行操作或其任一組合來實現此組態。程序可使用包括(但不限於)用於程序間通信之習知技術的多種技術來通信，且不同程序對可使用不同技術，或相同程序對在不同時刻可使用不同技術。另外，雖然上述實施例可參照特定硬體及軟體組件，但熟習此項技術者應瞭解，亦可使用硬體及/或軟體組件之不同組合，且被描述為以硬體實施之特定操作亦可以軟體來實施，或反之亦然。
各種實施例並不限於某些特定資料處理環境內之操作，而是在 複數個資料處理環境內自由地操作。另外，儘管已使用特定系列之異動描述了實施例，但此情形並不意欲為限制性的。
因此，儘管已關於特定實施例描述了本發明，但此等實施例不意欲為限制性的。各種修改及等效物在以下申請專利範圍之範疇內。
200‧‧‧簡化流程圖

Claims (23)

  1. 一種方法，其包含：在一具有一顯示器、一或多個輸入器件及一或多個音訊輸出器件之電子器件處：在該顯示器上顯示文字；由一處理器件判定用於將該經顯示文字之一部分轉換至語音之一組語言，該組語言包含用於將該經顯示文字之該部分轉換至語音的複數種候選語言；在該顯示器上同時顯示該文字與用於將該經顯示文字之至少一部分轉換至語音之複數種候選語言，其中該複數種候選語言係基於該經顯示文字之該部分之一分析而經選擇；使用該一或多個輸入器件接收指示自該經顯示複數種候選語言選擇一第一候選語言之輸入；及使用該一或多個音訊輸出器件輸出對應於該經顯示文字之該部分之音訊，其中該音訊包含將該經顯示文字之該部分轉換至採用該第一候選語言之語音之一轉換。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其中該文字之該部分為全部文字。
  3. 如請求項1之方法，其中該文字之該部分為該文字之一子集。
  4. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中將該經顯示文字之該部分轉換至採用該第一候選語言之語音之該轉換包含：使用對應於該第一候選語言的一語言合成器來針對該經顯示文字之該部分產生語音。
  5. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中將該經顯示文字之該部分轉換至語音之該轉換包含：使用一第一語言合成器將該文字中之一第一字元轉換至語 音；及使用不同於該第一語言合成器之一第二語音合成器將該文字中在該第一字元後的一第二字元轉換至語音。
  6. 如請求項5之方法，其中將該經顯示文字之該部分轉換至語音之該轉換進一步包含：讀取該文字中之該第一字元；判定待用於將該第一字元轉換至語音之一第一語言；使該第一語言與該第一字元相關聯；讀取該文字中之該第二字元，該第二字元在該第一字元後；判定待用於將該第二字元轉換至語音之一第二語言，其中該第二語言不同於該第一語言；及使該第二語言與該第二字元相關聯。
  7. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該判定包含：基於一或多個載入之鍵盤判定待包括於該組語言中的一語言。
  8. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該判定包含：基於與該文字相關聯之一或多個標籤判定待包括於該組語言中的一語言。
  9. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該判定包含：基於由一語言分析工具在該文字之分析後識別的一或多種語言判定待包括於該組語言中的一語言。
  10. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該判定包含：基於由與該文字相關聯之一應用程式提供的資料判定待包括於該組語言中的一語言。
  11. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該判定包含：基於與該文字中之一或多個字元相關聯的編碼資訊判定待包括於該組語言中的一語言。
  12. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該判定包含：基於一或多 個使用者偏好判定待包括於該組語言中的一語言。
  13. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該判定包含：基於針對一先前文字轉語音轉換選擇之一語言判定待包括於該組語言中的一語言。
  14. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該判定包含：基於該文字之一來源判定待包括於該組語言中的一語言。
  15. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該判定包含：基於與該文字相關聯之國碼頂層網域資訊判定待包括於該組語言中的一語言。
  16. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該判定包含：基於全球定位系統(GPS)資訊判定待包括於該組語言中的一語言。
  17. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其中該判定包含：判定用於將該文字轉換至語音的語言之一第一清單；及藉由自語言之該第一清單濾出至少一種語言而自語言之該第一清單判定語言之一第二清單。
  18. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包含：使用該一或多個輸入器件接收指示該經顯示文字之該部分之一選擇，其中回應於該經顯示文字之該部分之該選擇而在該顯示器上同時顯示該複數種候選語言。
  19. 如請求項18之方法，其中該經顯示文字之該經選擇部分係該經顯示文字之一第一部分，其中該經顯示複數種候選語言係一第一複數種候選語言，該方法進一步包含：於顯示該第一複數種候選語言時，使用該一或多個輸入器件接收指示該經顯示文字之一第二部分之一選擇，該經顯示文字之該第二部分係相異於該經顯示文字之該第一部分；及 在該顯示器上顯示用於將該經顯示文字之該第二部分轉換至語音之一第二複數種候選語言，該第二複數種候選語言係相異於該第一複數種候選語言。
  20. 如請求項1之方法，其中同時顯示該複數種候選語言進一步包含：判定該經顯示文字之該部分之特徵；回應於該經顯示文字之該部分包括一第一組特徵之判定而在該顯示器上同時顯示該文字與一第一組候選語言；及回應於該經顯示文字之該部分包括一第二組特徵之判定而在該顯示器上同時顯示該文字與一第二組候選語言，其中該第一組候選語言係相異於該第二組候選語言。
  21. 一種儲存用於控制一處理器之複數個指令之非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體，該複數個指令包含：使該處理器在一顯示器上顯示文字之指令；使該處理器判定用於將該經顯示文字之一部分轉換至語音之一組語言之指令，該組語言包含用於將該經顯示該文字之該部分轉換至語音的複數種候選語言；使該處理器在該顯示器上同時顯示用於將該經顯示文字之至少一部分轉換至語音之複數種候選語言之指令，其中該複數種候選語言係基於該經顯示文字之該部分之一分析而經選擇；及使該處理器執行下列步驟之指令：回應於使用一或多個輸入器件接收到指示自該經顯示複數種候選語言選擇一第一候選語言之輸入使用一或多個音訊輸出器件輸出對應於該經顯示文字之該部分之音訊，其中該音訊包含將該經顯示文字之該部分轉換至採用該第一候選語言之語音之一轉換。
  22. 一種系統，其包含：一電子器件，其具有一顯示器、一或多個輸入器件及一或多個音訊輸出器件；一記憶體，其經組態以儲存文字；及耦接至該記憶體之一或多個處理器，該一或多個處理器經組態以：在該顯示器上顯示文字；判定用於將該經顯示文字之一部分轉換至語音之一組語言，該組語言包含用於將該經顯示文字之該部分轉換至語音的複數種候選語言；使用於將該經顯示文字之至少一部分轉換至語音之複數種候選語言在該顯示器上被同時顯示，其中該複數種候選語言係基於該經顯示文字之該部分之一分析而經選擇；及回應於使用該一或多個輸入器件接收到指示自該經顯示複數種候選語言選擇一第一候選語言之輸入，使用一或多個音訊輸出器件輸出對應於該經顯示文字之該部分之音訊，其中該音訊包含將該經顯示文字之該部分轉換至採用該第一候選語言之語音之一轉換。
  23. 一種電子器件，其包含：用於顯示文字之構件；用於判定用於將該經顯示文字之一部分轉換至語音之一組語言之構件，該組語言包含用於將該經顯示文字之該部分轉換至語音的複數種候選語言；用於同時顯示用於將該經顯示文字之至少一部分轉換至語音之複數種候選語言之構件，其中該複數種候選語言係基於該經顯示文字之該部分之一分析而經選擇；及 用於接收指示自該經顯示複數種候選語言選擇一第一候選語言的輸入之構件；及用於輸出對應於該經顯示文字之該部分之音訊之構件，其中該音訊包含將該經顯示文字之該部分轉換至採用該第一候選語言之語音之一轉換。
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