US4578343A - Method for producing field effect type semiconductor device - Google Patents
Method for producing field effect type semiconductor device Download PDFInfo
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- US4578343A US4578343A US06/717,477 US71747785A US4578343A US 4578343 A US4578343 A US 4578343A US 71747785 A US71747785 A US 71747785A US 4578343 A US4578343 A US 4578343A
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D30/061—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having Schottky gates
- H10D30/0612—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having Schottky gates of lateral single-gate Schottky FETs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0272—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers for lift-off processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
- H01L21/0277—Electrolithographic processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/80—FETs having rectifying junction gate electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S438/00—Semiconductor device manufacturing: process
- Y10S438/942—Masking
- Y10S438/948—Radiation resist
- Y10S438/949—Energy beam treating radiation resist on semiconductor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a field effect type semiconductor device, more particularly to a method for producing a Schottky barrier type field effect transistor (FET) using a semiconductor layer of gallium arsenide (GaAs) as an active layer.
- FET Schottky barrier type field effect transistor
- GaAs FET's Schottky barrier type FET's using a semiconductor layer consisting of GaAs as an active layer
- GaAs FET's may, for example, be formed by a recess structure, in which the part of the GaAs active layer where a gate electrode is arranged is thinned, and an offset structure, in which a source electrode is arranged close to a gate electrode.
- This recess and offset structure is that the series resistance between the source electrode and the gate electrode can be decreased, the transconductance improved, and high frequency and high power obtained. Further, by keeping the length of the side of the drain electrode long, the Schottky withstand voltage between the gate electrode and the drain electrode can be increased, so that the gate current is decreased during the operation thereof, with the result that electromigration is also prevented.
- a method for producing a field effect type semiconductor device which includes the steps of forming a semiconductor active layer on a substrate, forming a resist layer on the semiconductor active layer, exposing a first portion of the resist layer in accordance with a gate electrode pattern, carrying out auxiliary exposure of a second portion near the first portion after or before the exposure of the first portion.
- the method also includes; developing the exposed resist layer, forming a recess in the semiconductor active layer by selectively etching the semiconductor active layer using the resist layer as a mask, and forming a gate electrode on the surface of the recess using the resist layer as a mask.
- FIGS. 1A to 1G are cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a production process according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph of the relationship between the recess length and the Schottky withstand voltage
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views of processes for forming a resist layer on a semiconductor active layer according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 1A to 1G are cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a production process according to the present invention.
- a semiconductor substrate for example, a semi-insulating GaAs substrate 1
- An intrinsic GaAs layer 2 having a thickness of 3 to 5 ⁇ m is then formed on the substrate as a buffer layer by a well known chemical vapor deposition process.
- an N-type GaAs active layer 3 having a thickness of 0.5 to 0.5 ⁇ m is formed on the GaAs buffer layer 2, by a CVD process.
- the N-type GaAs layer 3 includes impurity ions, for example, sulfur ions of 1-3 ⁇ 10 17 atm/cm 3 , and acts as a semiconductor active layer.
- a source electrode 4 and a drain electrode 5 are formed on the N-type GaAs active layer 3 at a short distance from each other, for example, 4 to 5 ⁇ m, by a vapor deposition process and a selective etching process.
- the electrodes 4 and 5 are double layer types composed of an alloy layer consisting of an 88 wt % gold and a 12 wt % germanium and gold layer formed on the alloy layer. The total thickness of the double layer is 4000 to 5000 angstroms.
- the electrodes 4 and 5 are heat treated at a temperature of approximately 450° C. to create an ohmic contact between the electrodes 4 and 5 and the GaAs active layer 3.
- a first electron beam 7 is selectively irradiated to a first portion of the surface of the resist layer 6, i.e., the portion closer to the source electrode 4 than the drain electrode 5, to expose a gate electrode pattern.
- the first electron beam irradiation is preferably carried out under an accelerated voltage of 20 KV, a beam current of 1 to 10 nA, for example, 2.5 nA, a frequency of 14 to 130 kHz, for example, 35.35 kHz, a beam dosage of 4 to 10 ⁇ 10 -4 c/cm 2 , for example, 4.53 ⁇ 10 -4 c/cm 2 , and 1 to 5 passes, for example, one pass.
- a second electron beam 8 is irradiated onto a second portion of the resist layer near the first portion, for example, 0.75 ⁇ m from the center of the first portion, the second portion being nearer to the drain electrode 5 than to the source electrode 4.
- the second electron beam irradiation is preferably carried out under the same accelerated voltage and beam current as the first electron beam irradiation, a frequency of 53 to 160 kHz, for example, 77.00 kHz, a beam dosage of 1 to 3 ⁇ 10 -4 c/cm 2 , for example, 2.08 ⁇ 10 -4 c/cm 2 , and 1 to 5 passes, for example, one pass.
- the resist layer 6 is then developed by methylisobutyl ketone, etc.
- a hollow 9 having an upper opening having a width Wa and a bottom opening having a width Wb g is therefore formed in the resist in accordance with the pattern exposed by the first and the second electron beams 7 and 8.
- the hollow in the resist layer 6 is gradually larger and closer to the GaAs active layer 3 and has an asymmetric cross-section, i.e., the side near the drain electrode 5 is larger than that near the source electrode 4.
- the GaAs active layer 3 is selectively etched by a wet etching process using an etchant of hydrofluoric acid and using the resist 6 as a mask to form a recess 10.
- the width and the depth of the recess 10 are determined by calculating the electric properties of the related FET.
- the bottom width Wc of the recess 10 equals the bottom width Wbg' (FIG. 1C) of the hollow.
- the width of the upper opening Wa, the bottom width Wbg' of the hollow in the resist layer 6, and the bottom width Wc of the recess 10 can be controlled by controlling the first exposure and second exposure.
- a gate metal for example, aluminum
- a gate metal layer 12 is vapor-deposited using the resist layer 6 as a mask to form gate metal layers 11 and 12, having a thickness of about 0.7 ⁇ m, on the resist layer 6 and the recess 10. Since the hollow of the resist layer 6 is larger and closer to the GaAs active layer 3, the gate metal layers 11 and 12 are easily formed completely separate from each other.
- the width of the gate metal layer 12, i.e., gate width W G is substantially equal to the width Wa (FIG. 1C) of the hollow.
- the resist layer 6 is removed by, for example, chemicals, lifting off the gate metal layer 11.
- the gate electrode can be placed at a position shifted from the mid line of the source and drain electrodes by 0.5 ⁇ m toward the source electrode.
- the exposed surfaces of the gate metal layer 12, the source electrode 4, the drain electrode 5, and the GaAs active layer 3 are covered with an insulating layer 13, for example, a silicon dioxide layer, which acts as a passivation layer and has a thickness of, for example, 5000 to 6000 angstroms.
- the insulating layer 13 is formed by a well known chemical vapor deposition process or a sputtering process. The part of the insulating layer 13 on the source electrode 4 and the drain electrode 5 is selectively removed, and a plated gold layer 14 having a thickness of 0.5 to 2 ⁇ m is formed on the source and drain electrodes 4 and 5 by using the insulating layer 13.
- the GaAs FET according to the present invention can be produced.
- the resist layer is developed by electron beam irradiation only at one portion.
- the hollow in the resist layer becomes gradually larger closer to the GaAs active layer and has a symmetric cross-section.
- the resist layer is developd by electron beam irradiation at two portions, i.e., the first and the second exposure, as explained above.
- the hollow in the resist becomes gradually larger closer to the GaAs active layer and has an asymmetric cross-section, i.e., the nearer the drain electrode, the larger the cross-sectional area of the hollow.
- the gate electrode can be formed much closer to the source electrode side than to the drain electrode side, with the result that the series resistance between the source electrode and the gate electrode can be decreased.
- the Schottky withstand voltage is improved when the recess length Lr is increased.
- the conventional recess length Lr is at most 0.2 ⁇ m, thus the Schottky withstand voltage is 8V, as shown in FIG. 2.
- the recess length Lr can be 0.6 ⁇ m.
- the Schottky withstand voltage is improved, so that the value of the voltage becomes 25V, with the result that the gate current is decreased during the operation thereof and electromigration is also prevented.
- a high power and high efficiency MES FET can be obtained.
- the second exposure of the resist layer may be carried out before the first exposure.
- the second exposure of the resist layer may be carried out in such a manner that some of the resist layer is doubled by the first exposure of the resist layer.
- resist layer 6a which has a high sensitivity, for example, Fujitsu CMR-100 resist
- resist layer 6b which has a sensitivity lower than the resist layer 6a for example, Tokyo Ohka OEBR-1000 resist
- resist layer 6c which is pre-exposed on the entire surface thereof and a resist layer 6d.
- the resist layers 6c and 6d being, for example, Fujitsu CMR-100 resist.
- the present invention can be applied to a Metal Schottky (MES) GaAs or InP FET, MIS GaAs or InP FET, or Heterojunction FET such as a High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) proposed by the assignee of this application.
- MES Metal Schottky
- MIS GaAs or InP FET
- HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Junction Field-Effect Transistors (AREA)
- Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
Abstract
A method for producing a field effect type semiconductor device includes the steps of forming a semiconductor active layer on a substrate, forming a resist layer on the semiconductor active layer, exposing a first portion of the resist layer in accordance with a gate electrode pattern, carrying out auxiliary exposure of a second portion near the first portion after or before the exposure of the first portion. The method further includes developing the exposed resist layer, forming a recess in the semiconductor active layer by etching the exposed semiconductor active layer using the resist layer as a mask and forming a gate electrode on the surface of the recess using the resist layer as a mask. This method improves the series resistance between the source electrode and the gate electrode, and also improves the Schottky withstand voltage between the drain electrode and the gate electrode.
Description
This is a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 533,977 filed on Sept. 20, 1983, now abandoned.
(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for producing a field effect type semiconductor device, more particularly to a method for producing a Schottky barrier type field effect transistor (FET) using a semiconductor layer of gallium arsenide (GaAs) as an active layer.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
Schottky barrier type FET's using a semiconductor layer consisting of GaAs as an active layer (GaAs FET's) have been coming into increasing use due to their high frequency, high power, and high efficiency. Such high-performance GaAs FET's may, for example, be formed by a recess structure, in which the part of the GaAs active layer where a gate electrode is arranged is thinned, and an offset structure, in which a source electrode is arranged close to a gate electrode.
The advantage of this recess and offset structure is that the series resistance between the source electrode and the gate electrode can be decreased, the transconductance improved, and high frequency and high power obtained. Further, by keeping the length of the side of the drain electrode long, the Schottky withstand voltage between the gate electrode and the drain electrode can be increased, so that the gate current is decreased during the operation thereof, with the result that electromigration is also prevented.
In the recess structure, one shortens the recess width and forms the gate electrode on the center portion thereof in order to improve the above characteristics. If a gate electrode is formed in the recess structure, however, the closer the widths of the recess and gate electrode, the greater the difficulty of extending the depletion layer, whereby a high electric field is formed and the Schottky withstand voltage between the gate electrode and drain electrode is reduced. Further, when the Schottky withstand voltage is reduced, the operating gate current of the FET is increased, whereby electromigration of the gate electrode occurs and the life of the FET is remarkably shortened.
As a method for improving the Schottky withstand voltage, there has been provided a method for lowering carrier concentration in an active layer. However, when the carrier concentration in the active layer is lowered the transconductance is decreased and an FET having high performance characteristics cannot be obtained.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an improved field effect type semiconductor device wherein the series resistance between a source electrode and a gate electrode is decreased and a Schottky withstand voltage between the gate electrode and a drain electrode is maintained.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a field effect type semiconductor device which includes the steps of forming a semiconductor active layer on a substrate, forming a resist layer on the semiconductor active layer, exposing a first portion of the resist layer in accordance with a gate electrode pattern, carrying out auxiliary exposure of a second portion near the first portion after or before the exposure of the first portion. The method also includes; developing the exposed resist layer, forming a recess in the semiconductor active layer by selectively etching the semiconductor active layer using the resist layer as a mask, and forming a gate electrode on the surface of the recess using the resist layer as a mask.
The present invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGS. 1A to 1G are cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a production process according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the relationship between the recess length and the Schottky withstand voltage; and
FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views of processes for forming a resist layer on a semiconductor active layer according to the present invention.
FIGS. 1A to 1G are cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a production process according to the present invention.
In FIG. 1A, a semiconductor substrate, for example, a semi-insulating GaAs substrate 1, is first prepared. An intrinsic GaAs layer 2 having a thickness of 3 to 5 μm is then formed on the substrate as a buffer layer by a well known chemical vapor deposition process. Then an N-type GaAs active layer 3 having a thickness of 0.5 to 0.5 μm is formed on the GaAs buffer layer 2, by a CVD process. The N-type GaAs layer 3 includes impurity ions, for example, sulfur ions of 1-3×1017 atm/cm3, and acts as a semiconductor active layer.
A source electrode 4 and a drain electrode 5 are formed on the N-type GaAs active layer 3 at a short distance from each other, for example, 4 to 5 μm, by a vapor deposition process and a selective etching process. The electrodes 4 and 5 are double layer types composed of an alloy layer consisting of an 88 wt % gold and a 12 wt % germanium and gold layer formed on the alloy layer. The total thickness of the double layer is 4000 to 5000 angstroms. The electrodes 4 and 5 are heat treated at a temperature of approximately 450° C. to create an ohmic contact between the electrodes 4 and 5 and the GaAs active layer 3.
Referring to FIG. 1B, a resist layer 6, for example, a positive resist layer for electrode beam exposure such as Fujitsu CMR-100 resist, is next formed over the exposed surfaces of the source and drain electrodes 4 and 5 and the GaAs active layer 3 by means of a spinner (not shown). After forming the resist layer 6, a baking treatment is carried out at a temperature of approximately 190° C.
A first electron beam 7 is selectively irradiated to a first portion of the surface of the resist layer 6, i.e., the portion closer to the source electrode 4 than the drain electrode 5, to expose a gate electrode pattern. The first electron beam irradiation is preferably carried out under an accelerated voltage of 20 KV, a beam current of 1 to 10 nA, for example, 2.5 nA, a frequency of 14 to 130 kHz, for example, 35.35 kHz, a beam dosage of 4 to 10×10-4 c/cm2, for example, 4.53×10-4 c/cm2, and 1 to 5 passes, for example, one pass.
After the first electron beam irradiation, a second electron beam 8 is irradiated onto a second portion of the resist layer near the first portion, for example, 0.75 μm from the center of the first portion, the second portion being nearer to the drain electrode 5 than to the source electrode 4. The second electron beam irradiation is preferably carried out under the same accelerated voltage and beam current as the first electron beam irradiation, a frequency of 53 to 160 kHz, for example, 77.00 kHz, a beam dosage of 1 to 3×10-4 c/cm2, for example, 2.08×10-4 c/cm2, and 1 to 5 passes, for example, one pass.
Referring now to FIG. 1C, the resist layer 6 is then developed by methylisobutyl ketone, etc. A hollow 9 having an upper opening having a width Wa and a bottom opening having a width Wbg, is therefore formed in the resist in accordance with the pattern exposed by the first and the second electron beams 7 and 8. The hollow in the resist layer 6 is gradually larger and closer to the GaAs active layer 3 and has an asymmetric cross-section, i.e., the side near the drain electrode 5 is larger than that near the source electrode 4.
Referring to FIG. 1D, the GaAs active layer 3 is selectively etched by a wet etching process using an etchant of hydrofluoric acid and using the resist 6 as a mask to form a recess 10. The width and the depth of the recess 10 are determined by calculating the electric properties of the related FET. The bottom width Wc of the recess 10 equals the bottom width Wbg' (FIG. 1C) of the hollow. According to the present invention, the width of the upper opening Wa, the bottom width Wbg' of the hollow in the resist layer 6, and the bottom width Wc of the recess 10 can be controlled by controlling the first exposure and second exposure.
Then, as shown in FIG. 1E, a gate metal, for example, aluminum, is vapor-deposited using the resist layer 6 as a mask to form gate metal layers 11 and 12, having a thickness of about 0.7 μm, on the resist layer 6 and the recess 10. Since the hollow of the resist layer 6 is larger and closer to the GaAs active layer 3, the gate metal layers 11 and 12 are easily formed completely separate from each other. The width of the gate metal layer 12, i.e., gate width WG, is substantially equal to the width Wa (FIG. 1C) of the hollow.
Then, as shown in FIG. 1F the resist layer 6 is removed by, for example, chemicals, lifting off the gate metal layer 11. This leaves the gate metal layer 12 as the gate electrode. For example, the gate electrode can be placed at a position shifted from the mid line of the source and drain electrodes by 0.5 μm toward the source electrode.
Referring to FIG. 1G, the exposed surfaces of the gate metal layer 12, the source electrode 4, the drain electrode 5, and the GaAs active layer 3 are covered with an insulating layer 13, for example, a silicon dioxide layer, which acts as a passivation layer and has a thickness of, for example, 5000 to 6000 angstroms. The insulating layer 13 is formed by a well known chemical vapor deposition process or a sputtering process. The part of the insulating layer 13 on the source electrode 4 and the drain electrode 5 is selectively removed, and a plated gold layer 14 having a thickness of 0.5 to 2 μm is formed on the source and drain electrodes 4 and 5 by using the insulating layer 13.
Thus, the GaAs FET according to the present invention can be produced.
When a gate electrode is formed on a recess, in the conventional method, the resist layer is developed by electron beam irradiation only at one portion. Thus, the hollow in the resist layer becomes gradually larger closer to the GaAs active layer and has a symmetric cross-section. However, in the present invention, the resist layer is developd by electron beam irradiation at two portions, i.e., the first and the second exposure, as explained above. Thus, the hollow in the resist becomes gradually larger closer to the GaAs active layer and has an asymmetric cross-section, i.e., the nearer the drain electrode, the larger the cross-sectional area of the hollow.
Therefore, in the present invention, the gate electrode can be formed much closer to the source electrode side than to the drain electrode side, with the result that the series resistance between the source electrode and the gate electrode can be decreased. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the Schottky withstand voltage is improved when the recess length Lr is increased. The conventional recess length Lr is at most 0.2 μm, thus the Schottky withstand voltage is 8V, as shown in FIG. 2. However according to the present invention the recess length Lr can be 0.6 μm. Thus the Schottky withstand voltage is improved, so that the value of the voltage becomes 25V, with the result that the gate current is decreased during the operation thereof and electromigration is also prevented. Further, according to the present invention, a high power and high efficiency MES FET can be obtained.
In this invention the second exposure of the resist layer may be carried out before the first exposure. The second exposure of the resist layer may be carried out in such a manner that some of the resist layer is doubled by the first exposure of the resist layer.
It is preferable to use a combination of resist layers. For example, as in FIG. 3, there may be provided a resist layer 6a which has a high sensitivity, for example, Fujitsu CMR-100 resist, and a resist layer 6b which has a sensitivity lower than the resist layer 6a for example, Tokyo Ohka OEBR-1000 resist, the resist layer 6b being provided on the resist 6a. Alternatively, as in FIG. 4, there may be provided a resist layer 6c which is pre-exposed on the entire surface thereof and a resist layer 6d. The resist layers 6c and 6d being, for example, Fujitsu CMR-100 resist. By using the above two types of resist layers, the asymmetrical hollow in the resist can be easily formed.
The present invention can be applied to a Metal Schottky (MES) GaAs or InP FET, MIS GaAs or InP FET, or Heterojunction FET such as a High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) proposed by the assignee of this application.
Claims (9)
1. A method for producing a field effect type semiconductor device comprising the steps of:
(a) forming a semiconductor active layer on a substrate;
(b) forming source and drain electrodes on the semiconductor active layer;
(c) forming a resist layer on the semiconductor active layer and the source and drain electrodes;
(d) exposing a first portion of the resist layer in accordance with a gate electrode pattern;
(e) carrying out auxiliary exposure of a second portion of the resist layer adjacent the first portion after or before the exposure of the first portion of the resist layer in said step (d);
(f) developing the exposed resist layer to form an upper opening of the resist layer in accordance with the gate electrode pattern and a lower opening of the resist layer in accordance with the exposure of the first and second portions, the cross-section of the opening of the resist layer in the source-drain direction being asymmetrically enlarged by the developing process in the area near the drain electrode;
(g) forming a recess in the semiconductor active layer by etching the exposed semiconductor active layer through the lower opening of the resist layer using the resist layer as a mask, the recess having an asymmetric structure and being enlarged, with respect to the upper opening, in the area near the drain electrode; and
(h) forming a gate electrode on the surface of the recess using the resist layer as a mask, the position of the gate electrode being closer to the source electrode than to the drain electrode and being aligned with the edges of the upper opening.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said step (c) comprises forming the resist layer of a double layer including a first sensitive resist layer and a second sensitive resist layer which is less sensitive than the first sensitive resist layer and which is formed on the first sensitive resist layer.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said step (c) comprises forming the resist layer of a double layer including a first resist layer and a second resist layer provided on the first resist layer, the first resist layer being pre-exposed.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein said steps (a) and (e) of exposing the resist layer each comprise the substep of irradiating the resist layer with an electron beam.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein said step (d) comprises exposing the resist layer at an exposure frequency of 14 to 130 kHz.
6. A method according to claim 4, wherein said step (e) comprises exposing the resist layer at an exposure frequency of 53 to 160 kHz.
7. A method according to claim 4, wherein said step (d) comprises exposing the resist layer with an electron beam dosage of 4 to 10×10-4 c/cm2.
8. A method according to claim 4, wherein said step (e) comprises exposing the resist layer with an electron beam dosage of 1 to 3×10-4 c/cm2.
9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the recess has first and second sides and wherein said step (h) comprises the substep of forming the gate electrode closer to the first side of the recess layer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP57-163063 | 1982-09-21 | ||
JP57163063A JPS5952881A (en) | 1982-09-21 | 1982-09-21 | Manufacture of field-effect type semiconductor device |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06533977 Continuation | 1983-09-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4578343A true US4578343A (en) | 1986-03-25 |
Family
ID=15766470
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/717,477 Expired - Fee Related US4578343A (en) | 1982-09-21 | 1985-03-28 | Method for producing field effect type semiconductor device |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4578343A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0104094B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5952881A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3368811D1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5130764A (en) * | 1986-02-13 | 1992-07-14 | Selenia Industrie Elettroniche Associate | Multi layer photopolymeric structure for the manufacturing of mesfet devices with submicrometric gate and variable length recessed channel |
US5610090A (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1997-03-11 | Goldstar Co., Ltd. | Method of making a FET having a recessed gate structure |
US5622814A (en) * | 1988-04-20 | 1997-04-22 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for fabricating active substrate |
US6720200B2 (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 2004-04-13 | Nec Corporation | Field effect transistor and fabrication process thereof |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59175773A (en) * | 1983-03-26 | 1984-10-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Field effect transistor |
JPS61104675A (en) * | 1984-10-29 | 1986-05-22 | Fujitsu Ltd | Manufacturing method of semiconductor device |
JPS6257257A (en) * | 1985-09-06 | 1987-03-12 | Fujitsu Ltd | Method for manufacturing field effect semiconductor device |
JP2550412B2 (en) * | 1989-05-15 | 1996-11-06 | ローム株式会社 | Method for manufacturing field effect transistor |
FR2691013A1 (en) * | 1992-05-07 | 1993-11-12 | Thomson Composants Microondes | Microwave power FET mfr. - by etching asymmetric gate recess in breakdown voltage controlling recess, to give transistors of high power and gain |
JPH06188270A (en) * | 1992-12-15 | 1994-07-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Manufacture of field effect transistor and pattern transfer mask |
IT202100016793A1 (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2022-12-25 | Devel Srl | TIRE CHANGING MACHINE, PARTICULARLY FOR LARGE WHEELS |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3951708A (en) * | 1974-10-15 | 1976-04-20 | Rca Corporation | Method of manufacturing a semiconductor device |
JPS5376757A (en) * | 1976-12-20 | 1978-07-07 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | Photoetching method |
JPS5623746A (en) * | 1979-08-01 | 1981-03-06 | Matsushita Electronics Corp | Manufacture of semiconductor device |
JPS57103318A (en) * | 1980-12-18 | 1982-06-26 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Method for patterning |
US4341850A (en) * | 1979-07-19 | 1982-07-27 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Mask structure for forming semiconductor devices, comprising electron-sensitive resist patterns with controlled line profiles |
US4362809A (en) * | 1981-03-30 | 1982-12-07 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Multilayer photoresist process utilizing an absorbant dye |
-
1982
- 1982-09-21 JP JP57163063A patent/JPS5952881A/en active Granted
-
1983
- 1983-09-21 EP EP83305602A patent/EP0104094B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-09-21 DE DE8383305602T patent/DE3368811D1/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-03-28 US US06/717,477 patent/US4578343A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3951708A (en) * | 1974-10-15 | 1976-04-20 | Rca Corporation | Method of manufacturing a semiconductor device |
JPS5376757A (en) * | 1976-12-20 | 1978-07-07 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | Photoetching method |
US4341850A (en) * | 1979-07-19 | 1982-07-27 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Mask structure for forming semiconductor devices, comprising electron-sensitive resist patterns with controlled line profiles |
JPS5623746A (en) * | 1979-08-01 | 1981-03-06 | Matsushita Electronics Corp | Manufacture of semiconductor device |
JPS57103318A (en) * | 1980-12-18 | 1982-06-26 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Method for patterning |
US4362809A (en) * | 1981-03-30 | 1982-12-07 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Multilayer photoresist process utilizing an absorbant dye |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
Fukui et al., IEEE Trans Electron Devices, vol. ED 27, No. 6, Jun. 1980, pp. 1034 1037. * |
Fukui et al., IEEE Trans Electron Devices, vol. ED-27, No. 6, Jun. 1980, pp. 1034-1037. |
Ohata et al., IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED 27, No. 6, Jun. 1980, pp. 1029 1034. * |
Ohata et al., IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-27, No. 6, Jun. 1980, pp. 1029-1034. |
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 2, No. 90, Jul. 22, 1978, pps. 4183E78. * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5130764A (en) * | 1986-02-13 | 1992-07-14 | Selenia Industrie Elettroniche Associate | Multi layer photopolymeric structure for the manufacturing of mesfet devices with submicrometric gate and variable length recessed channel |
US5622814A (en) * | 1988-04-20 | 1997-04-22 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method for fabricating active substrate |
US5610090A (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1997-03-11 | Goldstar Co., Ltd. | Method of making a FET having a recessed gate structure |
US6720200B2 (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 2004-04-13 | Nec Corporation | Field effect transistor and fabrication process thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0104094A1 (en) | 1984-03-28 |
EP0104094B1 (en) | 1986-12-30 |
JPS6351550B2 (en) | 1988-10-14 |
DE3368811D1 (en) | 1987-02-05 |
JPS5952881A (en) | 1984-03-27 |
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